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Gestalt, Interaction & Tech
of the touch ebook
The strange case of Dr. Ebook and Mr. Device
What is a book?
Gestalt, design & technology of the touch ebook
“ 1. a written or printed work of fiction or
   nonfiction, usually on sheets of paper
   fastened or bound together within covers.
   2. a number of sheets of blank or ruled paper
   bound together for writing, recording
   business transactions, etc.
   3. a division of a literary work, especially
   one of the larger divisions.
 - Random House Dictionary / Dictionary.com
“ 1. a written or printed work of fiction or
   nonfiction, usually on sheets of paper
   fastened or bound together within covers.
   2. a number of sheets of blank or ruled paper
   bound together for writing, recording
   business transactions, etc.
   3. a division of a literary work, especially
   one of the larger divisions.
 - Random House Dictionary / Dictionary.com
“ 1. a written or printed work of fiction or
   nonfiction, usually on sheets of paper
   fastened or bound together within covers.
   2. a number of sheets of blank or ruled paper
   bound together for writing, recording
   business transactions, etc.
   3. a division of a literary work, especially
   one of the larger divisions.
 - Random House Dictionary / Dictionary.com
“ 1. a written or printed work of fiction or
   nonfiction, usually on sheets of paper
   fastened or bound together within covers.
   2. a number of sheets of blank or ruled paper
   bound together for writing, recording
   business transactions, etc.
   3. a division of a literary work, especially
   one of the larger divisions.
 - Random House Dictionary / Dictionary.com
Gestalt, design & technology of the touch ebook
The definition of book is already quite
           fuzzy
              fuzzy
             fuzzy
           fuzzy
         fuzzy fuzzy
Photobook
Gamebook
Popup books
“ You cannot open a book
  without learning something.




 - Confucio
What is a book, really?
An interaction view:
1   We are conditioned by
    portion sizes: by default, we
    try to finish our food portion.
    Rolls B.J., Morris E.L., Roe L.S. (2002)
    “Portion size of food affects energy intake in normal-weight and overweight men and women”
2   Closure: the mind’s tendency
    to see completeness of forms
    from an incomplete stimuli.
    Wertheimer M., Rock I., Palmer S. (early 20th century)
    Gestalt Psychology




                                                   Scott McCloud, Understanding Comics
1   +   2   Let’s think for a while of the
            book as a cognitive object
            perceived as a single item
            that satisfies a promise
            through reading.
Ok, but…
what about content?
a
Gestalt, design & technology of the touch ebook
Storytelling
...or just a guide.
Two basic narration interaction modes:


               Attitude
                   +
              Knowledge
Sequential

 experiential / educative

      PASSIVE

“Tell me something”
Associative

inquisitive / creative

     ACTIVE

“Let me choose”
The new coming
  of the ebook
Why didn’t ebooks
really work before
      Kindle?
Hitchhiker’s Guide
to the Galaxy
“A screen, about three inches by four,
lit up […] a large red button at the
bottom of the screen and words began
to undulate across it. At the same time,
the book began to speak”
Star Trek’s
PADD
“Consisting of a large touchscreen
display and minimalistic manual
interface or control panel (generally
only one or two buttons), the typical
PADD is used for a variety of
functions.”
“ I find television very educating.
   Every time somebody turns on the set,
   I go into the other room and read a book.




 - Groucho Marx
book =
content +
physical support!
ebook
    ‣ screen resolution
    ‣ reflection & illumination

    ‣ weight
Kindle’s interaction paradigm
is simple
open/close


previous page                next page



                   read
(additional complexity)
open/close


             turn page



   read
...or is it?
Gestalt, design & technology of the touch ebook
Don’t forget: habit
shapes behaviours
The reading paradigm
  left-right                          (“western languages”)




top-bottom



   gestalt
The touch age
Touch devices
  introduced a new
interaction paradigm
Skeuomorphism
Let’s look around...
BBC
The Economist
Financial Times
The New Yorker
Time
Interview
Type Specimen
book/turn + web/scroll
Gestalt, design & technology of the touch ebook
Gestalt, design & technology of the touch ebook
The book
that isn’t a book
Flipboard
Social Magazine
Zite
Social Magazine
Pulse
Social Magazine
Gestalt, design & technology of the touch ebook
Formats
2000        2007



    mobi        azw
‣ PalmDOC   ‣ PalmDOC
‣ “HTML”    ‣ “HTML”

            ‣ Amazon DRM
2007         2011?



    2.0          3.0
‣ XHTML1.1   ‣ HTML5
‣ CSS2       ‣ CSS3

             ‣ May optionally support
               scripting
“This specification does not mandate
  specific rendering behavior” (2.0)

“Reading Systems with a CSS Viewport
  should support all CSS constructs
           included” (3.0)
1999                         2012           2022



    4.01                         5.0 Candidate
‣   The web as we know it.   ‣ Video
                             ‣ Audio

                             ‣ Animations

                             ‣ Visual effects

                             ‣ Semantics
“User agents are expected to support CSS” (5)

“The term expected in this section has the same
   conformance implications as the RFC2119-
            defined term must” (5)
Yes or No isn’t enough!
Baker
Gestalt, design & technology of the touch ebook
Gestalt, design & technology of the touch ebook
Francesc Trovar
          Spain
Davide Tarasconi
            Italy
Benjamin Law
    Hong Kong
Timbuktu Team
          Italy
Florian Franke
      Germany
‣ WebKit engine
‣ html5 (multimedia)
‣ minimal admin debris
‣ opensource (commercial use)
‣ book:// identifier protocol
‣ Hpub simple packaging
‣ Everything you can
           do on the web.
WebKit   ‣ Safari, Chrome,
           Android, iOS,
           Blackberry, WebOS.
‣ Nothing new,
HTML5 &     nothing different, no
            new knowledge.
 Hpub     ‣ Just ZIP it.
‣ Minimal UI.
No admin   ‣ Everything is book.

           ‣ Everything is in
 debris      control of the author.
‣ Identify book.
          ‣ Locate & download.
book://   ‣ Update.

          ‣ Link between books.
URI = Uniform Resource Identifier

               Web-compatible “ISBN”



book://example.org/path/book/page.html#paragraph
PROTOCOL     PUBLISHER     BOOK    PAGE       PARAGRAPH
How to use Baker
1   Design   2   Package   3   Publish
1   Design   2   Package   3   Publish

ACTIONS
‣ Think
‣ Write

‣ Design



TOOLS
‣ Paper
‣ Photoshop

‣ HTML editor
1   Design        2    Package    3   Publish

             ACTIONS
             ‣ Read Hpub format
             ‣ Organize files




             TOOLS
             ‣   Zip
1   Design   2   Package       3   Publish

                           ACTIONS
                           ‣ Register
                           ‣ Submit

                           ‣ Wait



                           TOOLS
                           ‣ Mac
                           ‣ Xcode
“ Typography is the art of
  creating and setting type with
  the purpose of honoring
  the text it sets.




 - Pascal Klein
  Thanks to Matteo Balocco
The overall
user experience
read


Most ebook devices
read   annotate
buy   read   annotate
find   buy          read      annotate

            Kindle + Store
            iBook + Store
find   buy    read     annotate


            discuss    quote
borrow
       lend

find    buy      read     annotate


               discuss    quote
borrow
       lend              PRIVATE

find    buy      read           annotate


               discuss             quote
SOCIAL



      borrow
       lend

find    buy         read    annotate


                 discuss    quote
Each one is a potential service / app

        borrow
         lend

find       buy        read        annotate


                    discuss        quote
Your own idea
Minimum Viable Product
TEST   TEST   TEST
Teamwork.
2 × 2 suggestions
for Designers
1. don’t assume an interaction paradigm
2. gestalt (closure) is critical
for Publishers
for Authors
1. don’t forget the whole user experience
2. the book experience is social - in its own way
“ Complicare è facile,
  semplificare è difficile.
  Per complicare basta aggiungere,
  tutti sono capaci di complicare.
  Pochi sono capaci di semplificare.




 - Bruno Munari
Davide ‘Folletto‘ Casali
   intenseminimalism.com
   @folletto
   folletto@gmail.com




Laurea Magistrale in Informatica Umanistica
Università di Pisa, 20 may 2011
infouma.di.unipi.it

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Gestalt, design & technology of the touch ebook

  • 1. Gestalt, Interaction & Tech of the touch ebook The strange case of Dr. Ebook and Mr. Device
  • 2. What is a book?
  • 4. “ 1. a written or printed work of fiction or nonfiction, usually on sheets of paper fastened or bound together within covers. 2. a number of sheets of blank or ruled paper bound together for writing, recording business transactions, etc. 3. a division of a literary work, especially one of the larger divisions. - Random House Dictionary / Dictionary.com
  • 5. “ 1. a written or printed work of fiction or nonfiction, usually on sheets of paper fastened or bound together within covers. 2. a number of sheets of blank or ruled paper bound together for writing, recording business transactions, etc. 3. a division of a literary work, especially one of the larger divisions. - Random House Dictionary / Dictionary.com
  • 6. “ 1. a written or printed work of fiction or nonfiction, usually on sheets of paper fastened or bound together within covers. 2. a number of sheets of blank or ruled paper bound together for writing, recording business transactions, etc. 3. a division of a literary work, especially one of the larger divisions. - Random House Dictionary / Dictionary.com
  • 7. “ 1. a written or printed work of fiction or nonfiction, usually on sheets of paper fastened or bound together within covers. 2. a number of sheets of blank or ruled paper bound together for writing, recording business transactions, etc. 3. a division of a literary work, especially one of the larger divisions. - Random House Dictionary / Dictionary.com
  • 9. The definition of book is already quite fuzzy fuzzy fuzzy fuzzy fuzzy fuzzy
  • 13. “ You cannot open a book without learning something. - Confucio
  • 14. What is a book, really?
  • 16. 1 We are conditioned by portion sizes: by default, we try to finish our food portion. Rolls B.J., Morris E.L., Roe L.S. (2002) “Portion size of food affects energy intake in normal-weight and overweight men and women”
  • 17. 2 Closure: the mind’s tendency to see completeness of forms from an incomplete stimuli. Wertheimer M., Rock I., Palmer S. (early 20th century) Gestalt Psychology Scott McCloud, Understanding Comics
  • 18. 1 + 2 Let’s think for a while of the book as a cognitive object perceived as a single item that satisfies a promise through reading.
  • 20. a
  • 23. ...or just a guide.
  • 24. Two basic narration interaction modes: Attitude + Knowledge
  • 25. Sequential experiential / educative PASSIVE “Tell me something”
  • 26. Associative inquisitive / creative ACTIVE “Let me choose”
  • 27. The new coming of the ebook
  • 28. Why didn’t ebooks really work before Kindle?
  • 29. Hitchhiker’s Guide to the Galaxy “A screen, about three inches by four, lit up […] a large red button at the bottom of the screen and words began to undulate across it. At the same time, the book began to speak”
  • 30. Star Trek’s PADD “Consisting of a large touchscreen display and minimalistic manual interface or control panel (generally only one or two buttons), the typical PADD is used for a variety of functions.”
  • 31. “ I find television very educating. Every time somebody turns on the set, I go into the other room and read a book. - Groucho Marx
  • 35. ebook ‣ screen resolution ‣ reflection & illumination ‣ weight
  • 37. open/close previous page next page read
  • 39. open/close turn page read
  • 43. The reading paradigm left-right (“western languages”) top-bottom gestalt
  • 45. Touch devices introduced a new interaction paradigm
  • 48. BBC
  • 52. Time
  • 64. 2000 2007 mobi azw ‣ PalmDOC ‣ PalmDOC ‣ “HTML” ‣ “HTML” ‣ Amazon DRM
  • 65. 2007 2011? 2.0 3.0 ‣ XHTML1.1 ‣ HTML5 ‣ CSS2 ‣ CSS3 ‣ May optionally support scripting
  • 66. “This specification does not mandate specific rendering behavior” (2.0) “Reading Systems with a CSS Viewport should support all CSS constructs included” (3.0)
  • 67. 1999 2012 2022 4.01 5.0 Candidate ‣ The web as we know it. ‣ Video ‣ Audio ‣ Animations ‣ Visual effects ‣ Semantics
  • 68. “User agents are expected to support CSS” (5) “The term expected in this section has the same conformance implications as the RFC2119- defined term must” (5)
  • 69. Yes or No isn’t enough!
  • 70. Baker
  • 75. Benjamin Law Hong Kong
  • 76. Timbuktu Team Italy
  • 77. Florian Franke Germany
  • 78. ‣ WebKit engine ‣ html5 (multimedia) ‣ minimal admin debris ‣ opensource (commercial use) ‣ book:// identifier protocol ‣ Hpub simple packaging
  • 79. ‣ Everything you can do on the web. WebKit ‣ Safari, Chrome, Android, iOS, Blackberry, WebOS.
  • 80. ‣ Nothing new, HTML5 & nothing different, no new knowledge. Hpub ‣ Just ZIP it.
  • 81. ‣ Minimal UI. No admin ‣ Everything is book. ‣ Everything is in debris control of the author.
  • 82. ‣ Identify book. ‣ Locate & download. book:// ‣ Update. ‣ Link between books.
  • 83. URI = Uniform Resource Identifier Web-compatible “ISBN” book://example.org/path/book/page.html#paragraph PROTOCOL PUBLISHER BOOK PAGE PARAGRAPH
  • 84. How to use Baker
  • 85. 1 Design 2 Package 3 Publish
  • 86. 1 Design 2 Package 3 Publish ACTIONS ‣ Think ‣ Write ‣ Design TOOLS ‣ Paper ‣ Photoshop ‣ HTML editor
  • 87. 1 Design 2 Package 3 Publish ACTIONS ‣ Read Hpub format ‣ Organize files TOOLS ‣ Zip
  • 88. 1 Design 2 Package 3 Publish ACTIONS ‣ Register ‣ Submit ‣ Wait TOOLS ‣ Mac ‣ Xcode
  • 89. “ Typography is the art of creating and setting type with the purpose of honoring the text it sets. - Pascal Klein Thanks to Matteo Balocco
  • 92. read annotate
  • 93. buy read annotate
  • 94. find buy read annotate Kindle + Store iBook + Store
  • 95. find buy read annotate discuss quote
  • 96. borrow lend find buy read annotate discuss quote
  • 97. borrow lend PRIVATE find buy read annotate discuss quote
  • 98. SOCIAL borrow lend find buy read annotate discuss quote
  • 99. Each one is a potential service / app borrow lend find buy read annotate discuss quote
  • 102. TEST TEST TEST
  • 104. 2 × 2 suggestions
  • 105. for Designers 1. don’t assume an interaction paradigm 2. gestalt (closure) is critical
  • 106. for Publishers for Authors 1. don’t forget the whole user experience 2. the book experience is social - in its own way
  • 107. “ Complicare è facile, semplificare è difficile. Per complicare basta aggiungere, tutti sono capaci di complicare. Pochi sono capaci di semplificare. - Bruno Munari
  • 108. Davide ‘Folletto‘ Casali intenseminimalism.com @folletto folletto@gmail.com Laurea Magistrale in Informatica Umanistica Università di Pisa, 20 may 2011 infouma.di.unipi.it