Image Retrieval Systems Essay Examples

Image Retrieval Systems Essay examples
In today's revolution oriented environment, multimedia contents play a vital role in a wide range of
applications, products and services. The high usage of these contents demand efficient searching and
indexing for users. This demand has drawn substantial research attention towards image retrieval
systems in the last few decades. Many great methods have been proposed, which offer numerous
advantages like the following. (i) These techniques are fully automatic and avoid the manual errors
of text–based systems. (ii) These techniques avoid complex tasks like annotation and also increase
the accuracy of retrieval. (iii) These techniques also reduce the amount of garbage, that is, irrelevant
images retrieved. (iv) These techniques, while ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Advancements in hardware and software technology are motivating both users and researchers to
search for techniques that challenge and improve the available industrial standards for retrieving
images from huge archives. This can be performed either by developing new competitive
methodologies or by enriching the operations of existing methodologies as several applications
require reliable models, that are efficient both in the manner of finding similar images and reducing
time complexity. The solutions provided in this research work are more compatible for retrieving
images from natural and photographic image databases and use an amalgamation of image
processing and machine learning algorithms to perform retrieval in a fast manner while improving
both the fraction of retrieved images that are relevant to the find and fraction of the images that are
relevant to the query image that are successfully retrieved. The methodology of the proposed
research work is shown in Figure 3.1 and the architecture of the proposed CBIR systems is shown in
Figure 3.2. Here, after obtaining the query image,
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Analysis Of Rob Gonsalves Painting: The Sun Sets Sail
When I was giving a presentation in sixth grade, I proudly proclaimed to my English teacher that
"Everything can be art!" Now of course, I got some strange looks from her as she tried to argue that
not everything could be art. Nevertheless, I still stand by my definition that anything can be art, as
long as the viewer finds purpose or interest within it. It doesn't have to be a "good" feeling, since
shock art exists; it just has to draw one's attention in some way. Most art of the time can be seen as
shocking or inappropriate, mainly because it's commentary about the world around us. Because of
that I feel it is important to look at art from all time periods, as we can learn a lot about beliefs and
challenges facing those at the time. To make ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This is extremely important in film, as everything in film is constantly moving. To draw attention to
a subject they must differ some way from the rest of the environment. They do so not only to draw
our eyes into the image– as interesting as it may be– but to draw attention, give association to, or
give insight to the feelings of a character or object as well. In the case of Amelie by Jean–Pierre
Jennet, the color scheme is complementary with each other. Amelie and important characters are
always clad in red when the world around them is colored green, or vice versa. The audience is then
drawn to these characters and will pay heavy attention to what these character might do next. In one
panning shot, Amelie is skipping rocks on a bridge. Although our eyes naturally gravitate towards
her because she is positioned in the middle of the screen, her vibrant red clothes let her stand out
even more from the green background. In another shot, Amelie wears a green dress while her house
is covered completely with muted red wallpaper and objects. A few scenes later, and now both her
lover and her stand out in a green world with red clothing. In doing so, Jean–Pierre Jennet is able to
keep the readers attention on Amelie and other main characters as they move through the always
moving streets of Paris.

Synthesis of Cinnamaldehyde
Vidallon, Mark Louis P. Date Performed: February 20, 2012 CHEM44.1 2L Date Submitted: March
12, 2012 MIXED–ALDOL CONDENSATION Synthesis of Cinnamaldehyde I. Introduction
Cinnamaldehyde, cinnamic aldehyde or 3–phenyl–2–propenal is the major constituent of cinnamon
oil, extracted from several species of Cinnamomum (C. verum, C. burmanii, C. cassia), under the
family Lauraceae, a group of evergreen trees. Cinnamon bark (particularly C. verum) yields 0.4–
0.8% oil, which contains 60–80% cinnamaldehyde, 4–5% sesquiterpenoids (α–humulene, β–
caryophyllene, limonene and others), eugenol, cinnamyl acetate, eugenol acetate, cinnamyl alcohol,
methyl eugenol, benzaldehyde, benzyl benzoate, cuminaldehyde, monoterpenes (linalool, pinene, ...
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To characterize the synthesized product using its boiling point, results of simple chemical tests and
derivatization reactions, along with the determination of the melting points of the hydrazones and
comparison of the hydrazones using their RGB values. II. Materials and Methods A. Reagents The
following are the reagents were used in the experiment: Benzaldehyde Acetaldehyde 15% sodium
hydroxide solution Sodium chloride 95 % ethanol solution 40% sodium bisulfite solution 2, 4–
dinitrophenylhydrazine Nitric acid Ice B. Apparatus and Equipment The following are the apparatus
and equipment were used in the experiment: 50–mL round–bottom flask 50–mL beaker 10–mL
graduated cylinder 10–mL pipet Pasteur pipet Micro distilling flask Test tubes Evaporating dish
Thermometer Bunsen burner Microreflux Watch glass Iron ring Iron clamp Iron stand Separatory
funnel Wire gauze Hot plate Electronic top loading balance Fisher–Johns melting point apparatus
III. Schematic Diagrams C. Synthesis of Cinnamaldehyde (in round–bottom flask) 3.06mL – cool in
ice bath + 3.00mL 15% NaOH + 0.50mL dropwise with swirling + 3.00mL 15% NaOH + 0.50mL
dropwise with swirling + 3.00mL 15% NaOH + 0.68mL dropwise with swirling – reflux for 10–15
minutes – cool to room temperature – cool in ice bath – separate layers Organic layer , very minimal
(in 10–mL graduated cylinder) Aqueous layer very minimal, unreacted H2O with

Chapter 3 Technical Back Ground
Chapter 3 Technical Back Ground
Controlling Mouse 1.1 Moving Mouse Cursor We utilized the forefinger as a cursor controller to
control mouse cursor. We utilized two distinctive methodologies for moving the mouse cursor. The
principal strategy is mapping cursor control. It implies that the pointer on a camera screen can
position maps to a desktop screen position. At the end of the day, the mouse cursor is put on the
desktop window alongside the forefinger tips position showed on the camera screen position. This
strategy has an issue. In the event that the determination of the desktop window has a higher
determination than the camera determination, then the cursor position can 't be precise in light of the
fact that when the camera determination believers to the desktop window determination we lose
middle of the road esteem. We expect the proportion of hopping pixel is up to 4 pixels. The second
strategy is weighted pace cursor control. We get a distinction of the finger of the present picture and
the past picture and process the separation between the two. Next, we move the mouse cursor if the
hole between the two finger pictures (present and past casing) is far then the mouse cursor moves
quick or, if the hole is close then the cursor moves moderate. This calculation additionally has an
issue. Since we are working with continuous picture preparing, the customer machine ought to be
quick. The picture information rate is 15 outlines for every second and we require

Pt1420 Unit 4.1 Data Paper
4.1 Data Information This thesis work is used 4 images named Pound1.jpg, rupee 2.jpg, dollar 3.jpg,
and yen 4.jpg as the reference images. Figure 4.1: Different currencies (a) pound 1.jpg (reference
image no. 1) Figure 4.1:(b) rupee 2.jpg (reference image no. 2) Figure 4.1:(c) dollar 3.jpg (reference
image no. 3) Figure 4.1:(d) yen 4 (reference image no. 4) 4.2 Methodology The basic principle of
this algorithm is to recognize the input paper currency. First of all acquired the image from a
particular source. As in this thesis we use for reference images. System read the particular image.
Then resize the image. After that the color separator convert the image into RGB to Gray scale and
then in binary image. After that the system use color noise median filter. The currency length
detector detects the length of the currency. Using the feature extraction techniques the system detect
the particular feature of that currency and then the system use pattern matching algorithm to math
that particular feature. The input image match with particular database image and according to that
we find the currency. In this way this thesis design a automatic system in which we can recognized
the paper currency. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It contains many blocks which we will discuss below. Figure 4.2: Block Diagram of paper currency
reorganization system The steps in block diagram are elaborated below: 1. Read Image The system
can read not only JPEG (JPG), but others. But this will make the image large 2. Resize

Ceramic Fragments Found At The Tepco Beach
In this project, we are asked to analyze ceramic fragments found at the TEPCO beach, which, in the
mid–20th century, used to be a dump site of the Technical Porcelain and China Ware Company
(TEPCO). Though ceramics seem rather mundane, as Deetz's study on the ceramics used in the
colonial American show, they reveal quite a bit to the careful eyes: he found out that people used
plates symbolically as displays of status rather than utensils, and the ceramic sets after the 18th
century reflected the Georgian mindset of individuality and discipline (Deetz 1996). I am also
interested in studying ceramics in a way that relates to and reveal their meanings – a post–
processual, emic orientation more directly seen in the Gage house study in which ... Show more
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Upon initial observation, I noticed that the special pieces seem to have less visual contrast in general
– a good, testable hypothesis that I will try to verify. Methodology I wanted to figure out
specifically what data are the most useful in answering my research question: just like Wilkie did in
her Mardis Gras research in which she determined a distinct set of data for each of her research
question (Wilkie 2014). With that in mind, I decided to simply focus on the data needed to verify
my rather straightforward hypothesis, that the special pieces have less visual contrast than the
standard ones in general. There are two attributes, as evident from the hypothesis, that I would need
to know for each artifact: its "specialty" – whether the piece has special or standard decoration – and
its visual contrast. Given the visual nature of both attributes, I decided that the only data I would
need to collect are pictures of my artifacts. Next, I needed to decide how I would analyze the photos
in order to extract the two attributes, specialty and contrast, so that I can test my hypothesis. A way
of classifying specialty was determined by me as such: while the standard pieces have decorations

Automation and Intelligence Have Changed Agriculture
Agricultural production has increased manifold due to the advent of automation and intelligence in
various stages of a crop's life cycle. Introduction of such processes has led to a significant increase
in the output and reduction in the costs incurred in manual labour and other farm equipment. A
scheme where machine vision is implemented can be used to perceive the position of a fruit for
harvesting. This technology has been used to develop both land and aerial based systems for fruit
detection and harvesting. Machine vision in harvesting is broadly based on visual cues and
properties of fruit. Machine vision based systems have an advantage as apart from recognition of
colour, texture and shape of any object, numerical points for the object are also defined.
The aim of fruit detection is characterized by the following desirable outcomes:
1. Detection of each distinct fruit.
2. Discrimination of the detected fruit from the other parts of the foliage.
3. Localisation of the fruit.
Since its implementation to crop harvesting and other agricultural practices, a lot of attention has
been given to development in machine vision systems to achieve the abovementioned outcomes.
But, all of it has been limited to the field of research with very little commercial outlook. Though,
research outcomes may look bleak, it is a well–accepted fact that to achieve very good incidences of
fruit detection a robust machine vision system is essential. This in turn will develop into a robot

Zinc Mossy Lab Report
In this experiment, the scientists are testing which amount of zinc mossy would make a few normal
cleaned pennies change their colors into silver when they are placed in the boiling solution of zinc
sulfate and water and then turn their colors into the brightest yellow (gold) when they are exposed
directly to heat,. The independent variables in this experiment are the amount of zinc and zinc
sulfate measured in gram and the dependent variables is the shades of yellow (compared in decimal
R,G, B code) of the penny after all steps of the experiment. The constant of this experiment will be
the temperature of the tap water used to boil the solution, which is 100°C and the temperature of the
hot plate used to heat up the silver penny, which is about 300°C. And the controlled of this
experiment is the pennies with the brownish color. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The zinc mossy (metal) does not react with water because it forms a protective layer of insoluble
zinc hydroxide, Zn(OH)2, but zinc sulfate on the other hand, dissolves in water, forming zinc ions,
Zn+2 and sulfate ions, SO4–2. The solution then will be boiled up and pennies are added into the
solution, touching the zinc mossy. The zinc metal will dissolve and release electron that would go
into the penny and give it a negative charge. The zinc ion in the solution is now attracted to the
pennies, which then will gather and form a thin layer of zinc metal around the pennies, giving it a
silvery color (NurdRage,

What Are The Advantages And Disadvantages Of A Bitmap Vs....
In the presently highly digital world we live in, there are essentially two types of graphic "files"
used, the bitmap and the vector graphics. Both have an overall similar principal but differ in various
sub–arrays, which bring along each of their own advantages and disadvantages. To begin with, the
word bitmap originated in the year 1973, and came to be by adding the words bit + map which
literally means a map of bits, which perfectly describes the nature of a bitmap graphic. A bitmap is
composed of thousands of pixels, each of which has it's own fixed position and can be individually
edited, which forms an overall bitmap graphic/image. Bitmaps are largely the standard for Internet
graphics but however contain disadvantages. Bitmaps are largely ... Show more content on
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When written, the width measurement is always written first. Aspect ratios all have to deal with the
amount of empty space you are willing to have surrounding the "main subject". Awareness of the
different aspect ratios provided by the device in hand may lead to better compositions in the image.
The difficulties with aspect ratio are that when there is an inconsistency, one must either crop the
image or compromise the size of the image. Furthermore, when the aspect ratio of a particular image
is not compatible with the screen, upon which it's displayed, black stripes are used to adjust the
difference without compromising the

Verbal And Non Verbal Communication
Communication is the art of transmitting ideas, thoughts ad knowledge from one person to another.
Communication need not essentially mean verbal communication. Communication can be verbal
and non–verbal. Non–Verbal Communication is the practiced means of interaction amongst the
audibly challenged community. This audibly challenged community uses a region or country
specific sign language to communicate their ideas and wants. Sign Language Translators are
essential to bridge the communication gap between the audibly challenged community and the rest
of the world. Today a lot of systems are being funded and built to computerize the work of Sign
Language Translator. These Sign Language Recognition Systems are Learning Systems. When the
system fails to recognize the word, the system attempts to learn the sign or gesture and recognizes
when the same sign is performed later on. There are many different types of Sign Languages and as
mentioned these languages are very region specific i.e., Indian Sign Language (ISL), American Sign
Language (ASL), etc. Each of the sign language holds a large collection of signs or gestures
corresponding to a particular. Many a time, there might be different gestures for the same word.
Major issue with these Sign Languages is that the information available about the gestures are
multichannel. This paper focuses on recognizing Indian Sign Language. In ISL there has been no
standardized dictionary as of date to use and build Recognition Systems. The

Number Plate Affirmation Methods
NUMBER PLATE ACKNOWLEDGEMENT: Number plate affirmation is less requesting way for
vehicle unmistakable verification. In this early the photo of vehicle whose number plate is to be
perceived is to be discovered by using advance camera. Discretionary the number plate is isolated
by immediately changing over rgb picture. The picture of the vehicle whose number plate is to be
distinguished is caught utilizing the advance camera. Next the number plate is removed by right of
the bat changing over rgb image I.e., the caught picture to gray scale image with the specific goal to
encourage the plate extraction, and increment the handling speed. Shading picture is produced by
advance camera is changed over to dim scale picture utilizing. The essential

Emotion Detection Using Sobel Filtering And Retrieving...
Emotion Detection using Sobel Filtering and Retrieving with Sparse Code words Mahevish Fatima
Mohammed Gani
Study Branch: Computer Science and Engineering
Designation: Student
Contact Number: 9637064965 Maharashtra Institute of Technology, Aurangabad, Maharashtra
ABSTRACT :
Extracting and understanding of emotion is of high importance for the interaction among human and
machine communication systems. The most expressive way to display the human's emotion is
through facial expression analysis. This paper presents and implements an automatic extraction of
facial expression and emotion from still image. There are steps to detect the facial emotion; (1)
Preprocessing,skin color segmentation and edge detection using Sobel filtering and (2) Verifying the
emotion of characteristic with Bezier curve.Retriving emotion using sparse codewords which are
used to analyze this results in medicine, and enhancement in CBIR.
To evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm, we assess the ratio of success with
emotionally expressive facial image database. Experimental results shows average 66.6% of success
to analyze emotion.
Keywords: Facial Expression,Preprocessing ,Skin Color Segmentation,Sobel Filters,Bezier Curve,
Attribute enhanced sparse codeword.
I. INTRODUCTION:
Emotion plays an important role in human communication and therefore also human machine dialog
systems

Experiment : Stroop 's Stroop Effect
IB Psychology SL
Internal Assessment
May 2017
Word Count:
Stroop Effect
Abstract
The aim of this experiment was to replicate the experiment Stroop (1935). This study was the basis
of the Stroop effect, which says that common tasks such as identifying a color can be interfered by
automated processes, such as reading.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Introduction
Method
Design
Participants
Materials
Procedure
Results
Description of results
Discussion
References and Bibliography
Appendices
Introduction f Aim:
METHOD
DESIGN
The experimental conditions were whether the name of the color read and the font color of the word
read matched or did not match. DOES THIS SOUND OKAY
The control conditions were the group of participants, the number of words read, and the
environment in which the task was performed. These conditions were controlled to ensure that any

variation in the times taken to perform the tasks of reciting the lists was caused by the difference in
color and word which was written.
The experimental design chosen was repeated measures. The advantages of using this design are the
reduced differences in participants such as levels of intelligence. The disadvantages are the
possibility of order effects in participants, such as the practice effect or the fatigue effect. In effort to
reduce order effects, half of

Analysis Of Indian News Channels
4.1 Input video We imagine a system wherever a large number of TV broad– cast channels are
monitored by a partial number of being monitor. The channels are in English, Hindi (National
language of India), and a few other Indian regional languages. Several channels are news channels
except a few are entertainment channels, which have speciﬁc news time– slots. The contents of the
news channels include weather reports, talk shows, interviews and other such programs as well
news. The programs are intersperse with commercial breaks. The work will be focus on indexing
news and only the related programs. TV news commercial detection doesn't have dataset is publicly
available as of our knowledge .Therefore benchmarking and comparing dissimilar ... Show more
Detecting a gray scale image is hard if there is an edge or color information could be helpful if we
need known hue identify objects. If we don't require any color we can considered as noise. 2) For
learning image processing, It is better to know grayscale processing firstly and next recognize how
it applies to multichannel processing before starting the full color imaging. By learning single
channel processing we can miss all important insights. 3) Complexity of the code. For finding edges
base on luminance and chrominance you have to get extra work and that work is tough to excuse if
the additional color information isn't helpful for interesting application. 4) Difficulty of
visualization. The division algorithm of grayscale images is quite easy to conceptualize for the
reason that we can assume of the two spatial dimensions, and one brightness dimension when a 3D
image with valleys, hills, catchment basins, ridges etc. In our 3D visualization of gray scale image
"peak brightness" is a mountain peak and there are an amount of algorithms for an instinctive
"physical" interpretation assist us suppose through troubles. In RGB, HSI, Lab and additional color
spaces is much harder this sort of visualization as, there are extra dimensions that the normal human
brain can't visualize simply. 5) Color is complex. Humans recognize and classify color with
deceptive simplicity, if you

Qué es el color? Essay
Color
El color es la impresión que se produce en nuestros ojos, como reacción a la luz o rayos luminosos,
podemos decir que los cuerpos iluminados absorben la luz y/o la reflejan, por eso decimos que
cuando hay poca iluminación nuestros ojos solo pueden captar o percibir el color negro y blanco.
Isaac Newton realizó un experimento para demostrar la teoría del color, el experimento en sí se
basaba en una habitación sin presencia de luz (oscura), donde dejó pasar un haz de luz blanca sobre
un cristal, y observó que la luz en el cristal se descomponía y aparecían nuevos colores (los mismos
que los del arco iris), con éste experimento Newton concluyó que la luz blanca está presente en
todas partes y es la unión de varios colores, ósea ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Aquí vemos que se encuentran los colores del arco iris, los colores primarios (rojo, verde y azul)
conocidos en la mezcla RGB se encuentran separados uniformemente, y el color contrapuesto a
ellos son los (cian, magenta y amarillo) respectivamente CMY, y en el intermedio de cada color
RGB con el CMY forman otro color, para un total de 12 colores que conforman éste círculo
cromático.
Estos colores mencionados anteriormente y más conocido como RGB, son los "colores primarios
aditivos" y los colores CMYK forman los "colores primarios sustractivos".
Los colores primarios del RGB producen todos los colores del espectro visible mediante una mezcla
entre ellos, por ejemplo mezclando cada uno, salen los colores primarios CMY y mezclando los 3
colores sale el color blanco, este modelo RGB se usa para los monitores de los computadores, se
basa en adición, lo que significa que para representar otros colores se hace por medio de estos tres y
el valor que éste puede tomar es de 0 a 255, indicando que 0 es ausencia del color y 255 su
intensidad mayor.
Para los Colores CMYK es un modelo de color sustractivo o pigmento usado para la impresión,
como se ha dicho antes estos son los opuestos a los colores RGB, es decir

Color Of Color And Color Essay
Color chart– a brief explanation
You must have heard of color charts by now! Today, most companies are making use of charts to
represent different objects. Color is subjective, and each color represents different ideas. Basically, it
is found that there are different shapes of a single color which are referred to with different names.
With the help of a chart it is possible to describe the color of bromeliad parts. Now, there is no need
of referring to a color as red or yellow, instead, you have possibility of using a number from the
chart.
What is a color chart?
Firstly, it is vital for you to know the meaning of color charts. They are also referred to as color
reference cards which are defined as flat physical objects that come with a variety of color samples.
It is either a one page chart or available in the form of swatch books or even color– matching fans.
Printable color chart templates appear to be very handy. This can help you carry the copy in your
wallet and refer to colors as and when necessary.
Understanding the color wheel
The color wheel is considered to be a chart that would reflect different colors that you probably see
in a rainbow or the colors obtained when white light passes through a prism. Basically, the color
wheel contains 12 shades and follows the basic principle of color theory. Primary colors need no
mixing! Once you have the primary colors in hand, there is no chance of mixing it with any other
colors.
The primary colors may include red,

Taking a Look at Basmati Rice
III. METHODOLOGY
Rice grains of two Indian Basmati varieties namely; 1121 Basmati Rice and Sharbati Basmati Rice
were taken up for quality analysis task. The basic steps in the quality analysis of Indian Basmati rice
grains using Top–Hat Transformation are as follows:
a) Image Acquisition.
b) Convert RGB to Gray scale image.
c) Perform Morphological operations.
d) Apply Top–Hat Transformation on the image.
e) Image segmentation using Thresholding method.
f) Parameter calculation.
g) Histogram creation.
h) Compute Threshold values.
i) Display the count for Normal, Long and Small rice grains.
The block diagram for quality analysis of Indian Basmati rice grains using Top–Hat Transformation
is shown in Fig1.
Fig1. Block Diagram for Quality Analysis of Indian Basmati Rice Using Top–Hat Transformation
1) Image Acquisition: The first step in Image Processing is Image Acquisition. The images of Indian
Basmati rice grains samples are acquired with a color Digital Camera of Nikon D3200 as shown in
Fig2 and Fig3. The black background was used. The images acquired were 4512*3000 pixels in size
i.e. 4512 pixels Width and 3000 pixels Height. Images were captured and stored in JPG format.
Through data cable these images has been transferred and then stored in hard disk. Fig2. 1121
Basmati Rice Fig3. Sharbati Basmati Rice
2) Convert RGB to Gray scale Image: The acquired image is color image so we convert it into Gray
scale as the color information is not of much importance. Use

Case Study : Supply Chain Configuration
QUESTION 1: SUPPLY CHAIN CONFIGURATION Tehindo consists of various key players in
their supply chain configuration, which helps with the smooth and efficient flow of products and
information throughout the company. Some of these key players in key positions include the various
factories across Indonesia, the distribution facilities such as the wholesalers and retails and raw
material suppliers of tea leaves in which are at 3 plantations across Indonesia. OWP – One Way
Produts However it is also important to note that the supply chain processes may vary and
complexity may increase with the variations between OWP and RGB, and also the several different
market areas that the factories must supply. In the Return Glass Bottle (RGB) processes, customers
are encouraged to return the bottle to the factory in order for the factory to be able to produce the
product. In this case, the customer would have to return the bottles to the distribution facilities
which will then be returned to one of the factories for production. Added complexity is also evident
when more than one factory is required to supply the whole market area, such as two factories in
Sumatera are required to supply the whole market area on Sumatera Island. This makes it more
complex as it thereby requires the factories to evenly allocate their finished products to satisfy the
demand of consumers, where inventory levels should be kept even and not overflowing in an excess
of stock. QUESTION 2:

A New Robust And Fully Automatic Technique For Calibration...
Abstract. The paper presents a new robust and fully automatic technique for calibration of three–
dimensional (3D) freehand ultrasound. 3D Freehand ultrasound involves mounting a position sensor
on a standard probe. The echo graphic B–scans can be localized in 3D, and can be compounded into
dimensions. On the other hand, especially for quantitative use, this process requires a calibration
procedure that fixes its accuracy and practicality. Calibration aims at defining the transformation
(translations, rotations, scaling) among the coordinates system of the echo graphic images and the
coordinate system of the localization system. We put forward a robust and fully automatic
calibration method based on the Hough transform and robust estimators.
Index terms: robotic ultrasound, autonomous acquisition, rgb–d camera, B–scan, robustness.
INTRODUCTION
In this work, we aim at closing the gap in the workﬂow of existing robotic support systems in order
to allow for completely automatic 3D ultrasound acquisitions using a robotic imaging system. We
present the pathway towards an autonomous robotic ultrasound system to help clinicians during
interventions by performing multiple and especially reproducible examinations based on pre–
interventional planning. As it is mostly non–invasive and has a real time capability and a
comparatively low cost nature, 2D ultrasound is popular. Its major shortcoming is its weak
capability of issuing quantitative
accurate

The Color Red In Beloved By Toni Morrison
The color, red, symbolizes a variety of different meanings like the quote from an unknown source,
"Red, the single most dynamic and passionate color, symbolizes love, rage and courage. Demanding
attention, red has great emotional impact. Those who select red are aggressive, impulsive and strive
for success." In the novel, "Beloved," by Toni Morrison, the author demonstrates the color red for
the future, memories, and hope. The main character Sethe, had a baby girl named Beloved, after her
youngest daughter, Denver. Before, she was able to show her love and affection to Beloved, she
ended her "misery and fate" by slitting her throat open. In 124, the house was considered "spiteful
and full of a baby's venom". Due to the killing of her baby, Beloved haunts the whole house with a
quote from the novel, "Now the iron was back but the face, softened by hair, made him trust her
enough to step inside her door smack into a pool of pulsing red light." (Morrison, 11). The glowing
aura is significant to the tragedy that took place in 124. At the beginning of first chapter, it already
gives the readers the sense of what took place and the imagery of the situation. The quote represents
how the baby ghost is ready to react to a stranger, which is Paul D. from Sweet Home, a slave
plantation. Another quote form the author, "The red was gone but a kind of weeping clung to the air
where it had been." (Morrison, 11). With the color red, it can represent a variety of emotions such
as, fear,

Public Relations Assistant Experience Paper
The aim of this paper is to discuss and elaborate on the experience, insights, value, and practical
training gained throughout my internship as a Public Relations Assistant at Louisiana Delta
Community College with the Director of Public Relations Mrs. Darian Atkins. As the director, she
develops and executes strategies that create and uphold a positive public image for the college and
Chancellor Dennis Epps by working and forming relationships with various members of the media,
government, and public. As the assistant, I acted as the support for Mrs. Atkins by researching to
construct stories and press releases, completing administrative tasks, and photographing events.
The paper is divided into three points of learning. The first point ... Show more content on
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In addition, Mrs. Atkins enlightened me that with any friction, you must have a plan to maintain the
company's status. For example, she made a chart on the steps to take to ensure that the college's
image did not diminish and that including faculty and staff is critical. Although confidentiality is
good, you cannot misinform the media because that could lead to a disaster.
Second Point: Adobe Creative Suite
My first attempt with Adobe Creative Suite was during my practicum. Ms. Castillo showed me a
few tasks in Photoshop, but entering the intern, I was introduced to more such as InDesign and
Illustrator. Mrs. Atkins ordered me to use only Adobe because it was a great technical skill to have
and most businesses use it today.
Before using it on my own, she had me examining her tool with the program to get better
knowledge of it. One day after an event, we went to edit photos in Photoshop to post them on
Facebook. During editing, she explained when printing an image, you must save it in CMYK to
make the image's colors stay true. CMYK refers to the four inks used in some color printing: cyan,
magenta, yellow, and key (black). However, if you are posting it for social media purpose, it is best
to save in RGB. The RGB color model is an additive color model in which red, green and blue light
are added together in various ways to reproduce a broad array of colors.
Not

Disadvantages Of Mechanical Keyboard
Best Mechanical Keyboards and Buying Guide The market for mechanical keyboards is huge. In
recent years, more manufacturers have discovered the computer accessories market. Amazon alone
has more than 1,000 mechanical keyboards on offer. With all the variety, it's very hard to keep track.
Therefore, it is not possible to buy a good model without experience and test reports. Here is where
we come into play. We compare and test the different models for you. We create test reports for you.
We have not received the products free. Neither have they paid for the reviews. The Brief Essentials
A mechanical keyboard uses switches/buttons with springs. Conventional keyboards use rubber or
silicone. They have a longer lifespan than normal "Rubberdome" ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
You get customizable lighting up to 16.8 million colors to personalize the Ryos MK FX mechanical
keyboard. You can customize your game while playing and respond to changes immediately without
leaving your game. You also have the Easy Shift [+] – Technology available. This allows you to
assign two different commands to your keys, which can be of great use in the game. Even the
technical hardware is convincing. Inside the keyboard, they used a fast processor with error–free
data transmission. Your macro inputs transmitted here without any implications in the game. At the
end of the day, the mechanical buttons on the Ryos MK FX designed and built for more than 50
million keystrokes. Roccat Ryos MK FX RGB Advantages: RGB lighting with many effects
Beautiful, ergonomic wrist rest Excellent for typing and solid workmanship Macro Presets for
Games and Office Disadvantage: High price How we tested the Mechanical

Essay On Pan-Sharpening Techniques
The pan–sharpening technique, which aims at fusing a low–resolution multispectral (LRM) image
and a high–resolution panchromatic (HRP) image in order to produce a high–resolution
multispectral (HRM) image, has become an effective pre–processing technique in many remote
sensing applications [1]. Many remote sensing applications such as land–cover classification, map
updating, reconnaissance, etc. demands images with both high spectral and high spatial resolution
however most remote sensing satellites such as QuickBird, IKONOS, and WorldView–2 are not able
to generate high spectral and high spatial resolution images directly due to lack of bandwidth and
limited on board storage. The pan–sharpened multispectral image comprises of high ... Show more
Then, the high–frequency component extracted from the HRP image is merged into the LRM bands.
The fused image obtained through this category preserves spectral information well. However, some
spatial distortions may occur, such as blurring. In general, this category method offers a reliable
framework for further exploration, and the key is to extract sufficient spatial details from the HRP
image with preserving the spectral information in LRM image simultaneously. In the proposed
fusion framework, IHS transform is used to separate intensity component from MS images firstly.
Then, SFIM and wavelet transform are applied to the intensity component of MS images and the
Pan image to build the multi–scale representations which include the low– and high frequency sub–
images in different scales, While SFIM can effectively preserve images' spectral properties. Since
the low– and high–frequency sub–images obtained from wavelet decomposition have different
information of images, we process low– and high frequency sub–images with different strategies. At
last, the inverse wavelet transform (IWT) and inverse IHS transform are applied to perform the
fusion tasks. The visual and statistical analysis on the experimental results for Worldview–2 images
shows the effectiveness of our proposed method. The remainder of this paper is organized as
follows. Section II

What Is PHP Code Snippet Applications
PHP Code Snippet Applications Determine Dominant Color of Any Image: To see the colour of a
certain image snapped or displayed online attained through certain coding as shown below, has a
few loops that properly detect pixels found in the image. In addition, a function that provides a
dominant colour image scenario has utilization using a coding method to perceive accurate
determination of what exact colour the picture is. function dominant_color($image) { $i =
imagecreatefromjpeg($image); for ($x=0;$x<imagesx($i);$x++) { for ($y=0;$y<imagesy($i);$y++)
{ $rgb = imagecolorat($i,$x,$y); $r = ($rgb >> 16) & 0xFF; $g = ($rgb >> & 0xFF; $b = $rgb &
0xFF; $rTotal += $r; $gTotal += $g; ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
find resources and lists // like these on wikipedia: // // http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whois // $servers
= array( "biz" => "whois.neulevel.biz", "com" => "whois.internic.net", "us" => "whois.nic.us",
"coop" => "whois.nic.coop", "info" => "whois.nic.info", "name" => "whois.nic.name", "net" =>
"whois.internic.net", "gov" => "whois.nic.gov", "edu" => "whois.internic.net", "mil" =>
"rs.internic.net", "int" => "whois.iana.org", "ac" => "whois.nic.ac", "ae" => "whois.uaenic.ae", "at"
=> "whois.ripe.net", "au" => "whois.aunic.net", "be" => "whois.dns.be", "bg" => "whois.ripe.net",
"br" => "whois.registro.br", "bz" => "whois.belizenic.bz", "ca" => "whois.cira.ca", "cc" =>
"whois.nic.cc", "ch" => "whois.nic.ch", "cl" => "whois.nic.cl", "cn" => "whois.cnnic.net.cn", "cz"
=> "whois.nic.cz", "de" => "whois.nic.de", "fr" => "whois.nic.fr", "hu" => "whois.nic.hu", "ie" =>
"whois.domainregistry.ie", "il" => "whois.isoc.org.il", "in" => "whois.ncst.ernet.in", "ir" =>
"whois.nic.ir", "mc" => "whois.ripe.net", "to" => "whois.tonic.to", "tv" => "whois.tv", "ru" =>
"whois.ripn.net", "org" => "whois.pir.org", "aero" => "whois.information.aero", "nl" =>

Detection Of Optic Disc Location
Automatic Detection of optic disc location in Color Fundus Retinal Images Using Circle Operator
Abstract–In this work a method is proposed to detect optic disk (OD) automatically in color retinal
fundus image without using background mask and blood vessels. Based on the properties of OD, an
idea of circle operator is presented here. This method has been applied on six public databases and
the promising results are obtained. The experimental results indicate that this proposed method of
automatic OD detection has good accuracy and is also time efficient.
In modern ophthalmology, detection of optic disk is a very important step for retinal image analysis.
It is one of the main feature of extracting the anatomical structure of the retina as illustrated in Fig.
1(a). Optic disk can be defined as the circular brighter region in retinal fundus image where blood
vessels converge and optic nerve is formed. OD detection is very indispensable for the computer
aided diagnosis of different eye diseases such as glaucoma detection and diabetic retinopathy [1].
Fig. 1(b) represents the fundus image with retinal lesion.
Many optic disc detection methods have been proposed ear–lier. In [4]–[6], image brightness based
methods are proposed. In these methods it is expected that the OD usually resembles according to
the brightest pixels within fundus images. In [7] and [8], image variation based methods are
proposed based on the statement that the OD has a high image variation due to the

Annotated Bibliography On Color Barcode
II. LTERATURE REVIEW
1)Homayoun Bagherinia, Roberto Manduchi,had proposed the for University of California, Santa
Cruz"A novel approach for color barcode decoding using smartphones"
The use of colors increases the information storage capacities in barcodes. Increasing the number of
color stolen code information makes the decoding a challenging task due to the dependency of the
surface color on the illuminant spectrum, viewing parameters, printing device and material. The
decoding becomes more challenging if a mobile phone as a decoding device is used due to the
capture of image from different distances as well as angles. We present an iterative decoding
algorithm that decodes the colors of all barcode patches across the barcode by ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
5) Amin Motahari , Member, IEEE, and Malek Adjouadi , Member, IEEE had Praposed the work for
"Barcode Modulation Method for Data Transmission in Mobile Devices" In this study, a new
approach for data modulation in 2–D barcodes is introduced, and its performance is evaluated in
comparison to other standard method of barcode modulation. In this new approach, orthogonal
frequency–division multiplexing (OFDM) modulation is used together with differential phase shift
keying (DPSK) over adjacent frequency domain elements. A specific aim of this study is to establish
a system that is proven tolerant to camera movements, picture blur, and light leakage within
neighboring pixels of an LCD.
III. THE PROPOSED PICODE SYSTEM In this section, the proposed PiCode system is described
with an emphasis on the novel aspects of the image modulation and demodulation process. For the
modulation part the details of the modulation scheme will be presented to illustrate how PiCode
preserves the perceptual quality of the embedded image while minimizing the interference of the
latter incurred on the modulation waveform. For the modulation part, the algorithms for performing
discrete cosine transform, block division will be described.
A. Image modulation
The various steps in image modulation are
Input image and message
Convert RGB to YUV
Block contrast
Divided into inner and outer

A Brief Look at the Gesture
The gesture
Gesture is the natural, nonverbal way that human can use to communicate with each other, and
recently interface with computers and devices in order to have control upon them besides
conventional input devices such as keyboard, mouse, and joystick. In general, gestures can be
categorized into static and dynamic.
A static gesture refers to the position and poses of hand without any movement, which can be
represented by a single image.
A dynamic gesture describes the hand movement, which can be determined through a set of
successive images or video frames (3D Hand Gesture Recognition Based on Sensor Fusion of
Commodity Hardware).
2.3.2 Data acquisition
This stage is responsible for acquiring and collecting gestures from the human (usually hand
gestures). There are many technologies that can be used to acquire and capture the gestures, and
then convert them into a digital form (Sensors for Gesture Recognition Systems) in order to be
understandable by digital devices. These technologies vary in terms of capability and accuracy to
get the gestures. The following are some technologies used for gestures acquisition.
A. Cameras: are the main gesture captured technologies used in vision–based gesture recognition
systems. There are different types of cameras such as color stereo cameras (using two cameras to
obtain a left and right stereo image), 2D cameras, 3D cameras, and thermal cameras. These cameras
can be used to capture human gestures and send them to

Rebelling Colors. Carlos Cruz-Diez, “Chroma" May Be...
Rebelling Colors
Carlos Cruz–Diez, "Chroma" may be interpreted as breaching the routine pattern of hue in everyday
scale.
Carlos works is based on his groundbreaking color theory and art philosophy. Most of his works
consist of site–specific installations and new innovations in the field of color theory and developing
new color patterns and applying them to everyday space. His gallery pushes my attention towards
his experimental work and focuses on multidisciplinary nature of his practice.
When I got into Carlos Chroma gallery in SCAD Museum of Art, you can see his inductive color
phenomenon is structured. I can visualize two major points out of the structure one is the use of
color contrast and the other is Induced color. His choice ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
After spending a little amount of time with the illustration, I understand that the third color was just
an illusion. Which makes me think of the process. Then I realized my phone, television, digital
camera, etc. a great amount of color I perceive are not actually "present". What I see is a rich and
studied mixture of different primary light colors. The mix was made by the brain through my visual
organs. This relates to the RGB system that creates all perceptible colors from the mixture of red,
green and blue. Human eye receptors are especially sensible to these three colors. Now the RGB
colors are provoking me to look into them in a much deeper sense and all his works have this strong
representation of colors. These colors have a strong impact on my emotions. Then to my surprise, I
met with another piece of work from his gallery called Douches D'Induction Chromatique. It is
closely related to the phenomenon of retinal persistence. The installation has three semitransparent
cylinders with three different RGB colors basically red blue and green. Initially, I was completely
blank and do not have any thoughts are assumptions about that artwork. At first, I entered the Red
tinted cylinder and decided to dedicate 2 mins for each cylinder with a different color. As the time
runs, the impact of the red tint is increasing faster with seconds. All I can see is red tented
surroundings. The visuals which I was passing through were

Content Based And Model Based Mining Of Data On Image...
CONTENT BASED AND MODEL BASED MINING of DATA ON IMAGE PROCESSING
Chandana V S
Dept. of Computer Science & Engineering
M.Tech– Information Technology
NIE, Mysuru chandanavs05@gmail.com Uzma Madeeha
Dept. of Computer Science & Engineering
M.Tech– Information Technology
NIE, Mysuru uzmamadeeha9@gmail.com Abstract– As there is vivid implementations in the
multimedia technologies, users find it complex for retrieving information with traditional image
retrieval techniques. The CBIR techniques are becoming an efficient techniques for exact and fast
retrieval of images. CBIR is the technique which uses visual features of image such as shape, color,
texture etc, to search the image based on the user requirements from large database according to the
user request in the form of a query. In this paper various techniques of CBIR such as k–means
clustering, k–nearest neighbors Algorithm (KNN), color structure descriptor (CSD), Text based
image retrieval (TBIR) techniques which increase the effectiveness of fast retrieval are discussed
and analyzed.
Keywords– cibr, tbir, image retireival, k–means clustering
I. INTRODUCTION Image retrieval is extracting an image out of particular larger data set. The
traditional image retrieval is as shown in the fig below where the query image whose image is to be
retrieved is carried the feature extraction process and compared the feature extracted image in the
database and then compared. This retrieved and database image if matched

Skin Color Detection
Skin color detection is considered one of the most popular techniques of segmentation and tracking
because of its simplicity. The idea behind using this technique is that skin color is different from
other object's color and then can be used to identify human gesture part. There are several color
spaces such as RGB, YIQ, YUV, and generic color model that are used to distinguish skin pixels
from non–skin pixels through comparing a predefined skin color model (skin pixels) with pixels of
the input image. Figure 2 shows skin color technique using YIQ and YUV color spaces.
Thermal camera is an infrared camera that is able to detect infrared radiation emitted from the
human body (temperature). It can determine the human gesture region depending on the human
temperature while background is neglected. Figure 3 shows human interaction captured by thermal
camera.
This technique is used to track and detect moving gesture parts depending on the difference between
two or three consecutive video frames. The pervious image (frame) is subtracted from the current
image (frame) in order to obtain the moving part.
A. Background subtraction
The idea behind this technique is to set a background as a reference or model and then compare the
current frame with the reference background in a pixel–by–pixel manner to detect the moving
foreground object. The background model is updated with a new image from time to time in order to
track dynamic changes. Figure 4 shows background subtraction

Design Of Image Capture, Display, Colour Processing And...
INTRODUCTION
Aim: Throughout this laboratory we aimed to understand the processes used to achieve the
development of image capture, display, colour processing and finally object tracking. In particular,
we aim to learn the I2C protocols to program the registers used to configure the camera, how to
convert a raw image to a full colour image, detect a selected colour and then track it.
Block Diagrams and images for the image processing steps:
The block diagram in Figure 1, illustrates the processing blocks that were created to being the image
processing steps. It also shows the variables created in the code and how they interact to produce the
initial output of display an image from the camera to the screen. The clock for the 640x480 (frame
size 800x525) display image runs at a frequency of 25.2 MHz and the clock for the camera runs at a
frequency of 48.825 MHz to synchronize the display. The I2C setup, involves using I2C protocols to
program registers within the camera. It is a two wire protocol, where one wire acts as the clock to
pass from the FPGA to the device, and the other wire is the data wire which is bidirectional. The
data wire is a top level entity and requires the setup module to have 3 data connections. These are
input data from the camera to the controller, output data from the FPGA controller to the camera and
output enable (tristate control), which determines whether the data is input or output.
Producing the image on the VGA display, involves using

The Book Of Red By Anne Carson
When people reach a certain age they start finding a place in the world that fits them the best. Kids
start associating themselves with people just like them or similar to them. However sometimes those
people are not around growing up or the kids have yet to reach their true self. In the book
Autobiography of Red by Anne Carson, the protagonist Geryon, is a unique type of person that is
trying to do just that. Geryon is a red, winged dragon; throughout the book he learns more about
himself and how to become his authentic self. While it may seem easy for the readers to identify
Geryon as a red winged mythical beast, he himself does not know who he is and works through a
hard life looking for the answer to that question. Geryon grows and reaches his authentic identity by
dealing with old flame Herakles, meeting teachers who help him along the way, and learning from
Ancash a new perspective of himself.
Growing up Geryon did not have an easy life, however he met a person that made his life worth
living, Herakles. Herakles is the new guy in the town and he and Geryon immediately become fast
friends, then something more, "His voice had an edge. He liked to see Geryon happy" implying
Herakles's want for Geryon to be happy (Carson 53). Geryon and Herakles have an interesting
relationship because Herakles is the first to pay close attention to Geryon, and show him he really
does care. Geryon never had that kind of affection so he goes into the relationship headfirst. With

Oral Cancer Analysis Using Tongue Image Essay
Here, the Fig 3(b) Patient with Oral Cancer. Diseases caused by excessive use of tobacco and
alcohol consumption leads to the difference in tongue color. Thus tongue can be characterized with
different assesses. More detailed study on the causes of the cancer can be done in the ref([7],[9]).
The common assessments of the tongue can be detailed as follows Fig 2: Tongue with different
shape characteristics
Width: A wide tongue on the whole shows a composed physical and mental character. A lack of
physical flexibility with noticeable strengths and weaknesses is depicted by the narrowness of a
tongue. They may be very sharp thinkers but usually have a narrow view or opinion. A generally
loose and expanded physical ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Blue or purple color suggests the stagnation of blood circulation and a grave fading of the part of the
digestive system that is connected to the zone of the tongue. Internal conditions can be understood
by analyzing the color on the underneath of the tongue. As a summary, the colors and surplus of a
white patch or a red patch on the soft tongue tissues designates a fading of the immune capacity of
the blood vessels and shows that the patient is suffering from oral cancer. More detailed study about
the characteristics can be done in ref[8].
Fig 3:(a)Normal Tongue, (b) Diseased Tongue
Image Segmentation
The usual technique is to find points on the floor of the target image, which is used as the base of
image, and then to give an initial two–dimensional curve and make it astringe to the edge of the
target according to dynamics mechanism. This approach is appropriate when the general form of the
target is fixed. But human tongue is not always flat when it is extended out of the mouth. There will
be some variations in the forms and therefore it is not suitable for this algorithm. We adopt the
component H (Hue) and V (Value) of HSV space to decide the initial position of tongue.
Then level set algorithm technique is implemented to obtain the better segmentation results.
Fig 4:Region of interest to diagnose the

Mathematics of the Eye and Color Essay
Eye And Color
The eye form a "optical image" on the light sensitive cell of the retina. It is very often compared to a
camera in it so workings. However it is like a camera in its focusing properties but is very different
after the light has hit the retina. The camera just prints a point to point representation of the image
on film, where as the is much more complex and interesting. The visible light is only a very small
portion of the electromagnetic spectrum and various wavelength in this visible spectrum of light
represent different colors. Short wavelength light is reddish, medium wavelength light is greenish
and long wavelength light is bluish. This make apparent in the a schematic of electromagnetic
radiation below. The ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The of dioptric power of the relaxed lens is 19 and can be increased significantly by
accommodation. The rim of the lens is irregular and exhibits diffraction so only used when
absolutely necessary. The lens has a refractive index of 1.406 at the centre and 1.386 at the rim. The
optical axis defined to be a line through the middle of the eye
* Vitreous Humor– liquid between the lens and the retina has a refractive index of 1.337. * Retina–
is the light sensitive part of the eye. The part that converts the light stimuli into neural signals to be
interpreted by the cerebral cortex. I will not discuss how the photoreceptors convert the light stimuli
into electrical signals, since it involves bio–chemistry, a good description can be found in any
physiology book. Light must pass through the neural layers of the retina before reaching the
photosensitive layer which consists of rods and cones. The neural layer consist of ganglion cells and
bipolar cells. The bipolar cells take the electrical from the photoreceptors to the ganglions cell
which in turn form the optic nerve that connect the eye to the brain. The optic nerve and the blood
circulation apparatus leave the eye at the optic disc or the blind spot. Named so because it has not
photoreceptors. A special part of the retina crucial of acute vision is which does

Sistema visual Humano: La percepción de colores y el...
El modelo RGB (Red, Green, Blue) se basa en la síntesis aditiva para producir diferentes colores
mediante la suma de colores primarios. En el espacio CMYK–CMY (Cian, Magenta, Yellow, Key)
trabaja con la síntesis sustractiva de sus colores primarios y un key que representa el color negro
pues la combinación de los tres primarios no garantiza el color negro a pesar de sus propiedades de
absorción. Otros espacios como el YIQ (Iluminance, In–phase, Quadrature) que se basa en el RGB y
se aplicaba en la televisión siglos atrás, para pasar de blanco–negro a color. El modelo HSV (Hue,
Saturation, Value) distribuye los colores RGB en un cono hexagonal basado en propiedades físicas
de la luz. Finalmente el modelo RYB (Red, Yellow, Blue) que es ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Basado en el círculo cromático algunos de los significados del color son:
Colores análogos: Producen una sensación de armonía. Por ejemplo el naranja da la sensación de
creatividad y determinación.
Colores complementarios: Producen una sensación de agresividad cuando se utilizan en diferentes
contrastes, Por ejemplo el verde oscuro representa envidia, ambición.
Colores monocromáticos: Generan una sensación de unidad y confianza, siempre se usan sin
combinaciones. Un ejemplo es el color blanco que representa pureza y paz.
Como reflexión final podemos decir que un fenómeno natural como el arco iris es un ejemplo visual
de la descomposición de la luz blanca; donde el color se manifiesta en los siete colores (rojo,
naranja, amarillo, verde, azul, violeta), además está la forma más clara de entender el espectro
visible que podemos percibir. El arco iris no solo es un fenómeno óptico producido por las gotas de
lluvia y los rayos de luz solar, es la forma simbólica de representar el color en la naturaleza.
Los resultados de los colores aditivos son reales dependiendo de su aplicación pues a simple
percepción no habrá correlación entre las diferentes combinaciones que se hacen con sus colores
primarios Rojo, Verde y Azul. Para demostrar estos resultados se puede tomar focos luminosos con
estos colores primarios y combinar sus ondas de luz en cuarto oscuro para observar el

El signifcado de los colores Essay
EL COLOR
"La visión del color es una percepción. Sin la mente no existiría el color" Isaac Newton. El color es
una propiedad de los cuerpos que depende de la luz del entorno y de su intensidad; todo lo que
percibimos sobre el color en los distintos objetos que nos rodean es en realidad una sensación creada
por nuestra mente con la ayuda de la luz que se refleja sobre los cuerpos y llega hasta nuestros ojos.
La luz del entorno (luz solar) esta compuesta por varios colores, Isaac Newton demostró esto hace
muchos años, al descubrir que la luz blanca o luz solar se descomponía en siete colores (algunos
documentos dicen que son seis, pero que Newton incluyo el cian para completar siete colores por
que se asume que el 7 tenía un ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Nuestro sistema visual esta conformado por dos tipos diferentes de células receptoras los conos y
los bastones; como nuestro sistema visual esta basado en el tricromatismo (es decir que con tres
colores se pueden generar todos los colores del espectro), en el interior de nuestro ojo se sitúan los
conos que son los encargados de percibir el color, para los tonos rojos con mayor longitud de onda
se utilizan los conos L (Large), para los tonos verdes que poseen una longitud de onda media se
utilizan los conos M (Medium), y para los tonos azules con menor longitud de onda se utilizan los
conos S (small), cada color puede ser representado estimulando en determinadas cantidades a estos
tipos de conos; los bastones por otro lado no permiten percibir colores, los bastones perciben
principalmente las variaciones de luz por ejemplo en un lugar oscuro lo importante no es percibir el
color sino los objetos y su distancia, es allí donde mejor trabajan los bastones.
Todos los colores que se pueden percibir por el ojo humano han sido dispuestos en un dibujo
llamado el círculo cromático, en el cual éstos se han dispuesto de tal manera que

Swot Analysis
embedded arefindout. The embedding is accomplished after block dividing the cover picture and
WI. The experimental effects display that the proposed technique is powerful.
[35], DivjotKaurThind, et.al In this paper a ultra–modern digital video watermarking scheme is
proposed which mixes DWT and SVD in which watermarking is achieved within the HF sub band
and then various forms of attacks have been carried out. The watermark object has been embedded
in each body of the original video. Since in each frame, watermark is embedded and it offers
robustness towards attacks.
[36], Abhilasha Sharma, et.al. The proposed watermarking technique is based on two TD
techniques, DCT and DWT. In embedding method, the CI is divided into two separate ... Show more
[39], ArashSaboori, et.al In this paper a new method is proposed the usage of the combination of
DCT and PCA transform with a view to lessen the low frequency band for the shade image
50 in YUV color space. The Y (luminance) is divided into non–overlapping blocks and the low band
coefficients of each block are placed in the matrix data than PCA transform are applied on it. This
method eliminates the disadvantage of low band based on the combination of DCT and PCA
transform.
[40], Hwai–Tsu Hu, et.al. This paper affords a singular scheme able to providing sturdy, high
potential and transparent blind audio watermarking. A set of guidelines is developed to keep the
power balance in frequency band. A scheme has been proposed to attain high performance
watermarking by exploiting perceptual masking in DCT domain. The audio signal is partitioned into
non–overlapping frames of length 4160.
[41], D. Vaishnavi, et.al introduces two methods for invisible and robust watermarking proposed in
RGB color space. In the first strategies, grey scale watermark is embedded at the blue coloration
channel and in 2nd technique, blue colour watermark is embedded at the blue colour channel factors
and then SVD applied on the blue channel of HI to retrieve singular values. They concluded that
first method gives a good robustness for median filtering attacks, for motion blur etc. and second
method gives good

The Importance Of Image Analysis
Mohammed El–Helly et al. [8] proposed an approach for integrating image analysis technique into
diagnostic expert system. A diagnostic model was used to manage cucumber crop. According to this
approach, an expert system finds out the diseases of user observation. In order to diagnose a
disorder from a leaf image, five image processing phases are used: image acquisition, enhancement,
and segmentation, feature extraction and classification. Images were captured using a high
resolution color camera and auto focus illumination light. Firstly they transformed the defected
RGB image to the HSI color space then analyzed the histogram intensity channel then increased the
contrast of the image. Fuzzy C Means (FCM) segmentation is used in this ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Algorithms for selecting useful texture features were developed by using stepwise discriminant
analysis. They developed four models i.e. HSI_39, HSI_15, HS_10 and I_11. Classification was
done by minimum distance classifier. The model using 15 selected HSI texture features got the best
classification accuracy (95.6%), which recommended that it would be best to use a reduced hue,
saturation and intensity texture feature set to differentiate orange diseases. The HSI_15 model, I_11
and HSI_39 models achieved classification accuracy 95.6%, 81.11% and 95.6% respectively.
Bauer et al. [10] developed algorithms for the automatic classification of leaf diseases based on
stereo and high resolution multispectral images. Leaves of sugar beet were used in this method.
Sugar beet leaves might be infected by several diseases. In controlled light laboratory environment,
They collected stereo images of single sugar beet leaves by RGB and multispectral cameras. The
leaves were either healthy or infected from diseases such as rusts, powdery mildew and Cercospora
leaf spot. They generated 3–D models of the leaves to fuse information from the two cameras.
Classification is done by k–nearest neighbour and an adaptive Bayes method. The classification
accuracy achieved were 91% for Cercospora leaf spots and 86% for rust disease.
Weizheng et al. [11] developed an accurate and fast new method based

Flat Map
First thing's first; this tutorial is written mainly to remind myself of the steps I go through when
making a map...much of this will sound like a lecture but it's how I work and what I'm thinking, my
steps might not be perfect and my observations might be incorrect. Next, look at a GLOBE of the
earth not a flat map, this is because a flat map will distort things near the poles to make them look
larger than they really are (Greenland looks huge on a flat map). Get the proportions of landmass to
ocean roughly in your mind (our earth is 70% water, I think) and take some measurements if you
want to by using a piece of string then holding the string up to a ruler. For this tutorial I'm going to
do a small continent (2000 X 2000). 1. To ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Use white to add land and black to add water. What I do is zoom to 200 or 300% and start in the top
left corner and scan across, making tweaks as I go, and when I get to the other side move down and
scan back across until I have reached the bottom. Also look for long straight lines or large right
angles and round these off. Be careful to make sure you leave a few large lakes and don't cover over
all of the little lakes, especially if you want some place like Minnesota "land of 10,000 lakes".
Where you know there will be desert or plains then go ahead and cover these areas pretty well but
not completely since lakes in the desert will act as oases and all lakes visible at this resolution are at
least 1 mile so there will likely be a village of some sort nearby (if you're using some other
resolution then use your judgment). This process can take a while but if you're going to do it, you
might as well do it right. This is also the time to add any unique features like a skull island or an
island in a lake for which to place a magnificent castle. Don't do any major terra forming but instead
tweak what is already there. 13. Copy this layer (base copy) then go back and fill in all of the lakes.
14. Select > color range (use black with fuzziness 200), hit delete, then deselect and hide the layer.
Click on the base layer and repeat then hide the base layer as well. 15. Click on the Background
copy layer and rename it to "ocean". 16. Copy this layer then rename

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