Semantic Web Intro - St. Patrick's Day 2016 Update

©2016 Eric Axel Franzon
Introduction to Semantic Web
(Meets St. Patrick’s Day)
Eric Franzon
Smart Data SEO

Semantic Web
is like the harmonica

Easy to play; takes work to master.

What we’ll discuss
• What is Semantic Web?
• Who’s using it?
• What makes it work?
• What can you do with it?

What is Semantic Web?
• A Web-scale architecture
• A metadata technology
• A layer of meaning on the Web
• In use TODAY!

What is it not?
• A software package
• Something that will ever
be “done”
• A replacement for the
current Web

What is it not?
• Limited to the public WWW
• A pipe dream
• A silver bullet
• HAL 9000 or Skynet

• Globally
• Inexpensively
• In Real-Time
Behind the
Firewall
(public)
World
Wide
Web
HTTP
HTML
Based on W3C Standards

• Globally
• Inexpensively
• In Real-Time
Behind the
Firewall
Semantic
Web
RDF
SPARQL
OWL
Based on W3C Standards

History…

©2016 Eric Axel FranzonIoT Enhancements by Eric Franzon
IoT

• to connect DATA
• to make information
interpretable by machines
Semantic Web Standards
are used…

Machine Interpretation
as the Web Evolves…

Web 1.0 – Linking Documents

Web 1.0
“I see: characters
+ formatting
+ images”
--my Computer

Web 2.0 – Linking People

Web 2.0
“I see: characters
+ formatting
+ images”
--my Computer

It’s hard to interpret meaning
when all you see are characters,
images, and formatting.
Context is critical.

Web 2.0 – Linking People
Web 3.0 – Linking Data

Web 3.0 – Linking Data
Title
Price
Format
Cover
Band
“I see: things
+ relationships.
This is about a
collection of
music.”

Linking Open Data

Linking Open Data Project
May, 2007

September 2011

August 2014

Data from these trusted sources
is available for you
to use in your applications TODAY.
Data you can LINK to.

Semantic Data that is machine READABLE.
…and machine INTERPRETABLE!

Who’s Using Semantic
Web Standards?

• Healthcare / Life Sciences
• Financial Services
• Manufacturing / Retail
• Marketing, Advertising
• SEO/SEM
• Libraries
• Archives
• Museums
• Governments
• Enterprise Software Vendors
Who’s Using Sem Web?

Who’s Using Sem Web?

What is schema.org?
“…A collection of schemas, i.e., html tags,
that webmasters can use to markup their
pages in ways recognized by major search
providers.”

e.g. Product Markup

What it looks like

e.g. TV Episode Markup

What makes SemWeb work?

The Technologies of RDBMS
• Data
• Schemas
• Query Language

RDBMS Data
t_people
Name City State Post code
Sean Bozeman MT 59715
Erika Missoula MT 59801

RDBMS Schema

RDBMS Query Language: SQL
SELECT isbn,
title,
price,
price * 0.06 AS
sales_tax
FROM Book
WHERE price > 100.00
ORDER BY title;

The Technologies of SemWeb
• Data
• Schemas
• Query Language

The Data Language
Resource
Description
Framework

“RDF is good for distributing data
across the Web and pretending
it’s in one place.”
-Dean Allemang,
Author, Semantic Web for the Working Ontologist

• to connect DATA
• to make it interpretable
by machines
RDF is used…

1. By uniquely identifying THINGS
2. By uniquely identifying RELATIONSHIPS
3. By using TRIPLES
Machine Interpretable - How?
(RDF is made up of triples!)

So, what’s a THING?

A THING is anything that can be uniquely
identified by a URI or a literal (string)
Me
My postal code
The White House
L.A. County’s sales tax rate
http://about.me/eric.franzon#me
http://www.city-data.com/zips/59801.html
Lat: 38.89859 Long: -77.035971
9.750 %
http://ericfranzon.com/harpcase.jpg

This is a collection of THINGS:
t_people
Sean Bozeman MT 59715

Who’s your daddy?

Is Father of
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:ID="isFather">
<rdfs:domain rdf:resource="#Person"/>
<rdfs:range rdf:resource="#Person"/>
</owl:ObjectProperty>
http://ericaxel.com/eric.rdf#me
ns:isFather

3. By using TRIPLES
What’s a triple?

The Building block of RDF
The Triple

Predicate
Triples? It’s Elementary! (School)
song has title.
Relationship
That is a Triple!

“This band recorded a song.”
“This recording is part of a collection.”
“This item has a barcode.”
“I like blues.”
“I like B.L.U.E.S.”
“This image can be used non-commercially.”
“My email address is eric@smartdataseo.com.”
Triples? It’s Elementary!

Song
Author Title
PublisherLyrics
A Simple Graph

Visualization of graph from Pharma space
- Cytoscape.org

Where does one store triples?
In a “triple store”• Native Semantic Web stores
• RDBMS databases
• As native files (.rdf)
• Woven into documents (RDFa)
• Generated on the fly

Just so you know…
There are many ways of representing RDF:
• RDF/XML
• N3
• JSON-LD
• N-Triples
• Turtle
• RDFa
Each has pros and cons, but they all connect
THINGS and RELATIONSHIPS into TRIPLES

The Schemata
Linked Data schemas consist of:
Your RDF relationships (predicates)
+
Relationship descriptions

SemWeb Schemata
id First Name Last Name
1 Tom Stockburger
Schema
Data
Initial Schema
hasID
hasFirstName hasLastName
Tom Stockburger1
owl:sameAs
hasSurnameRelationship description

1. Resource Description Framework Schema
(RDFS): Simple, hierarchical classes
2. Simple Knowledge Organization System (SKOS):
Port taxonomies to the Semantic Web
3. Web Ontology Language (OWL): Complex logical
relationships
Relationship Descriptions

Worldcat.org
• A project of the OCLC

Vocabulary Combination “in the wild”

The Technologies of SemWeb
• Data
• Schemas
• Query Language
(…or “What can you do with it?”)

The query language
SPARQL
Protocol
And
RDF
Query
Language
SPARQL

SPARQL allows us to:
• Pull values from structured & semi-structured data
• Explore data by querying unknown relationships
• Perform complex joins of disparate databases in a
single, simple query
• Transform RDF data from one vocabulary to another
--Lee Feigenbaum, Cambridge Semantics

<hasDepiction>
Eric

<hasLicense>
<hasDepiction>
Eric

<hasLicense>
<hasDepiction>
<likes>
Eric

<hasLicense>
<hasDepiction>
<likes>
<likes>
Eric

<hasLicense>
<hasDepiction>
<likes>
<likes>
<likes>
Eric

Chicago, Illinois
On the shores
of Lake
Michigan,
Chicago is one
of the major…
<hasLicense>
<wrote>
<hasDepiction>
<likes>
<likes>
<likes>
Eric
Ann

Chicago, Illinois
On the shores
of Lake
Michigan,
Chicago is one
of the major…
<hasLicense>
<wrote>
<isAbout>
<hasDepiction>
<likes>
<likes>
<likes>
Eric
Ann

Chicago, Illinois
On the shores
of Lake
Michigan,
Chicago is one
of the major…
<hasLicense>
<wrote>
<isAbout>
<hasDepiction>
<likes>
<likes>
<likes>
Eric
Ann
<hasLicense>

Chicago, Illinois
On the shores
of Lake
Michigan,
Chicago is one
of the major…
<hasLicense>
<hasLicense> <wrote>
<isAbout>
<livedIn>
<hasDepiction>
<likes>
<likes>
<likes>
Eric
Ann

What can we ask of a system like this?

Chicago, Illinois
On the shores
of Lake
Michigan,
Chicago is one
of the major…
<hasLicense>
<isAbout>
<livedIn>
<hasDepiction>
<likes>
<likes>
<likes>
What does Eric Like?
Eric
Ann

Chicago, Illinois
On the shores
of Lake
Michigan,
Chicago is one
of the major…
<hasLicense>
<isAbout>
<livedIn>
<hasDepiction>
<likes>
<likes>
<likes>
What has a Creative Commons License?
Eric
Ann

Chicago, Illinois
On the shores
of Lake
Michigan,
Chicago is one
of the major…
<hasLicense>
<isAbout>
<livedIn>
<hasDepiction>
<likes>
<likes>
<likes>
What license does THIS document have?
Eric
Ann

Chicago, Illinois
On the shores
of Lake
Michigan,
Chicago is one
of the major…
<hasLicense>
<isAbout>
<livedIn>
<hasDepiction>
<likes>
<likes>
<likes>
What is liked by anyone who has lived somewhere
that is the subject of a document Ann has written?
Eric
Ann

A quick note about
database types…

Trees and Tables
t_people
Bob Cat Bozeman MT 59715
Monte Missoula MT 59801
people
MonteBob Cat
Bozeman MT 59715
City
State Post
code
Missoula MT 59801
City
State Post
code

Trees and Tables – Problem
1
t_people
Name City State Post code flag
Bob Cat Bozeman MT 59715 1
people
MonteBob Cat
Bozeman MT 59715
City
State Post
code
Missoula MT 59801
City
State Post
code
flag
1
Adding partial data
to
tables leads to
sparseness

Trees and Tables – Problem
2
t_people
people
ErikaMonte
Missoula MT 59801
City
State Post
code
Missoula MT 59801
City
State Post
code
Common data
leads to (lots!)
of duplication

Graphs
people
ErikaMonte
City
State
Post
code
Missoula
MT
59801
City
State
Post
code
flag
1

SPARQL Queries

SPARQL Example #1
(specific endpoint – dbPedia)
Artists/Albums produced by Pharrell
PREFIX d: <http://dbpedia.org/ontology/>
SELECT ?artistName ?albumName
WHERE {
?album d:producer :Pharrell_Williams .
?album d:musicalArtist ?artist .
?album rdfs:label ?albumName .
?artist rdfs:label ?artistName .
FILTER ( lang(?artistName) = "en" )
FILTER (lang(?albumName) = "en" )
}

SPARQL Example #1

SPARQL Example #2
Musical artists who were born in
or have a hometown in Ireland
and the acts they performed with.

SPARQL Example #2
PREFIX dbo: <http://dbpedia.org/ontology/>
SELECT DISTINCT ?name ?person ?artist WHERE {
?person foaf:name ?name .
?person rdf:type <http://dbpedia.org/ontology/MusicalArtist> .
?person <http://dbpedia.org/ontology/associatedMusicalArtist>
?artist .
{
?person dbo:hometown
<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Republic_of_Ireland> .
}
UNION
{
?person dbo:birthPlace
<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Republic_of_Ireland> .
}
}
ORDER BY ?name

SPARQL Example #2

SPARQL Example #2
A major retailer ran this query…
associated it with the catalog of albums it sells…
and delivered a set of recommended purchases
for St. Patrick’s Day!

• Show me all landlocked countries
• With populations > 50,000
• Display the country names in English
• Eliminate duplicates
PREFIX type: <http://dbpedia.org/class/yago/>
PREFIX prop: <http://dbpedia.org/property/>
SELECT ?country_name ?population
WHERE {
?country a type:LandlockedCountries ;
rdfs:label ?country_name ;
prop:populationEstimate ?population .
FILTER (?population > 15000000 &&
langMatches(lang(?country_name), "EN")) .
} ORDER BY DESC(?population)
SPARQL Query #3

SPARQL Query #3 Results

• Show me all landlocked countries
• With populations > 50,000
• Display the country names in English
• Eliminate duplicates
PREFIX type: <http://dbpedia.org/class/yago/>
PREFIX prop: <http://dbpedia.org/property/>
SELECT ?country_name ?population
WHERE {
?country a type:LandlockedCountries ;
rdfs:label ?country_name ;
prop:populationEstimate ?population .
FILTER (?population > 15000000 &&
langMatches(lang(?country_name), "RU")) .
} ORDER BY DESC(?population)
SPARQL Query #3

• 8 KB text file with the .rdf extension
• Hosted on my website
• Information on me, my interests, and
people I know
My FOAF Profile

SPARQL Example #4
(generic endpoint)
FOAF (some people that Eric Franzon knows)
PREFIX foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/>
SELECT ?name
FROM <http://ericaxel.com/eric.rdf>
WHERE {
?knower foaf:knows ?known .
?known foaf:name ?name .
}

SPARQL Example #4

Example #4 - Results

2 Disparate Data Sources:
2 FOAF Profiles

SPARQL Example #5
Querying two FOAF Profiles
PREFIX foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/>
PREFIX rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#>
SELECT ?name
FROM <http://ericaxel.com/eric.rdf>
FROM <http://bosatsu.net/foaf/brian.rdf>
WHERE {
?x rdf:type foaf:Person .
?x foaf:name ?name .
}

Where’s the Data?
What’s
The
Question?

Another Benefit of querying
Linked Data…
Data link to other data!
SPARQL Example #6

1. Find these pieces of information:
• Episode number
• Airdate
• Guest star
• Chalkboard gag
• Couch gag
2. Order them by Episode number
SPARQL Example #6

Bart Simpson's Linked Data (DBPedia)
SELECT ?epnum ?airdate ?guest_star ?chalkboard_gag
?couch_gag WHERE {
?s dbpedia2:airdate ?airdate .
?s dbpedia2:blackboard ?chalkboard_gag .
?s dbpedia2:guestStar ?guest_star .
?s dbpedia2:episodeNo ?epnum .
?s dbpedia2:couchGag ?couch_gag .
} order by ?epnum
SPARQL Example #6

SPARQL Example #6

Following the Trail…

And that is how you get
from The Simpsons to the
London School of
Economics.

Wikidata

One More Thing…

A little bit can be powerful!

Questions?
Operators are standing by.
THANK YOU!
eric@smartdataseo.com
@EricAxel
http://linkedin.com/in/ericfranzon
https://plus.google.com/+EricFranzon

Resources
https://flic.kr/p/6krdsM
https://flic.kr/p/p9jiDK
https://flic.kr/p/3q8afL
https://flic.kr/p/brJs4G
https://flic.kr/p/78rsTc
https://flic.kr/p/bpSeR2
https://flic.kr/p/pQcWQt
https://flic.kr/p/daKwML
https://flic.kr/p/8bpMhF
http://www.flickr.com/photos/dawnmanser/3532853278/
http://www.flickr.com/photos/artolog/3983764041/
http://www.flickr.com/photos/97964364@N00/59780745/
http://www.flickr.com/photos/starwarsblog/
http://aldobucchi.com
http://www.addletters.com/pictures/bart-simpson-generator/3024046.htm
http://richard.cyganiak.de/2007/10/lod/

Semantic Web Intro - St. Patrick's Day 2016 Update

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