Jim Braun, President and CEO of AVANTech joined us to talk about his company's experience with cleaning the wastewater at the Fukushima Nuclear Site.

2. AVANTech Incorporated
Avantech Water Treatment:


Government
0.07%
Industrial
11.79%
Nuclear Water Treatment
Wastewater Treatment Recycling
Municipal
19.79%
49.66%
Oil & Gas
Avantech Team:
63 Employees
17 Engineers
5 Project Managers
3 Marketing and Sales
Power
17.31%
Avantech Product Line:




Water Treatment Services
100+ Standard Products
Nuclear Water Specialty
Wastewater Specialty
Foundation For Excellence!
1.37%
Remediation

3. AVANTech Incorporated
Professional Engineering:
Chemical
Mechanical
Electrical
Professional Manufacturing:
ASME Code Stamp
ASME/AWS Welding
UL Panels
Nuclear Quality:
ASME NQA-1 Quality Program
Full time CWI, SN-TC-T1A Inspection
Foundation For Excellence!

4. AVANTech Incorporated
International Expertise:
DOE Expertise:
Commercial Nuclear Expertise:
Power Generation:
Worldwide Expertise!

5. AVANTech Incorporated
Water Treatment
Challenges at the
Fukushima-Daiichi
Nuclear Facility
James L. Braun
President and CEO
jbraun@avantechinc.com
November - 2013

6. Incident Fundamentals
 Tectonic Plates of Japan
‐ 1500 Earthquakes Annually
‐ 10% of the world’s volcano’s
‐
‐
‐
‐
Eurasian Plate
North American Plate
Pacific Plate
Philippine Plate
Fukushima ●
Epicenter of Tōhoku
Earthquake
6

7. Great East Japan Earthquake
o
o
o
o
o
March 11, 2011
Magnitude 9.0
Power fails in northern Japan
Units 1, 2 & 3 shutdown automatically
Units 4, 5 & 6 already shutdown (defueled)
7

8. Tsunami
Friday, March 11th at 14:46
• No significant Rx
damage due to earthquake
•
Diesel generators start
(13 generators total)
•
Emergency core cooling
system initiate
•
Plant is stable
Tsunami Hits NPP at 15:41
• ≈ 50+’ Fukushima NPP
•
•
Cooling Systems
• All cooling systems fail
•
Floods diesel generators
Station blackout
- Only Battery Power
Remains
Steam from decay heat creates high pressure
8

9. Tsunami
• Wave Entering Turbine Building.
Automobile
9

10. Tsunami
 Flooding of Turbine Building
Automobile
10

11. Accident Conditions
11

12. Contributing Factor - Topography
Avantech
Equipment
Site Excavation Exacerbates the Problem
12

13. Hydrogen Explosions
Cooling Systems
• All cooling systems fail
• Steam from decay heat creates high pressure
• Open Steam Relief Valves to Torus
• Open Drywell Relief Valve
• Zr + 2H20 → 1200°C → ZrO2 + 2H2
Fuel
Pool
≈ 50 psi
limit
13

14. Hydrogen Explosions
14

15. Devastation from Explosion
Unit 4
Unit 3
Unit 2
Unit 1 15

16. Fundamentals of the Emergency
o
o
o
o
o
Phase 1 - Cesium Removal – SARRY System
Phase 2 – Multinuclide Removal
Phase 3 - Strontium Removal
Phase 4 - Groundwater Treatment
Phase 5 - Car Wash
16

17. Fukushima Liquid Waste Overview
Water Treatment Continues to Be a Challenge
17

18. Phase 1 - The Technical Challenge
 Removal of radioisotopes in a Seawater
Solution
 Deliver it in less than 8 weeks
 Start-up in less than 12 weeks
 Ensure its safe!
 Dose Rates
 Thermal
 Operational Safety
Failure means Radioactive Wastewater
into the Pacific Ocean
18

19. Phase 1: The AVANTech Solution
Challenge 1 – Activity Capture
Challenge 2 – Shielding
 Engineered Zeolite
 Primary Ion Exchange
 Distribution Coefficient (Kd) ≈ 2,000 in
seawater
 Good Axial Cesium Distribution
 Crystalline Silicotitanate
 Polishing Ion Exchange
 Distribution Coefficient (Kd) > 20,000
 Needed to achieve complete activity
removal with a single pass
Axial
Cesium
Loading
Cs Limited to
200,000 Ci
(7.5E+15 Bq)
Integral Shielding
≈ 6” Pb Equiv.
Loaded Wt.:
≈ 23 mt (50,000 lb)
Challenge 3 – Heat Generation
Temperature
Profile
 Passive Cooling
 Contact Handled
 Long Term Storage
855 °F
Centerline
Centerline/ Core
Temperature
Safely Managing 200,000 Curies of Radioactive Material
19

20. Phase 1 – The AVANTech Solution
SARRY
 Pipe Racks
 SIXMs
 Flexible Hoses
 H2 Vents
 Automatic Alignment
 DP (kPad)
 Throughput (m3)
 Rad Loading (TBq)
 Trending
Process Optimizes Media and Decontamination Factor
20

21. The Implementation Challenge
 Rigors of Working at the Fukushima Site
Exclusion Zone - 20 to 30 km Around Fukushima Site
21

22. Clean/ Regulated/ Contaminated
 J-Village / National Soccer Center
© 2011 by AVANTech Inc. This document contains information that is confidential and proprietary. No rights to this document are granted herein, except as may be expressly provided in any signed written agreement. This
document may not be copied, modified, disclosed, or used other than in accordance with the terms and conditions of the agreement under which it is provided.
22

23. Site Mobilization
 J-Village (Dress Out Area)
© 2011 by AVANTech Inc. This document contains information that is confidential and proprietary. No rights to this document are granted herein, except as may be expressly provided in any signed written agreement. This
document may not be copied, modified, disclosed, or used other than in accordance with the terms and conditions of the agreement under which it is provided.
23

24. Site Mobilization
 J-Village (Dress Out Area)
© 2011 by AVANTech Inc. This document contains information that is confidential and proprietary. No rights to this document are granted herein, except as may be expressly provided in any signed written agreement. This
document may not be copied, modified, disclosed, or used other than in accordance with the terms and conditions of the agreement under which it is provided.
24

25. Site Mobilization
 J-Village (Dress Out Area)
Dosimetry
•
Tepco TLD
•
Toshiba TLD
•
D.A.D.
© 2011 by AVANTech Inc. This document contains information that is confidential and proprietary. No rights to this document are granted herein, except as may be expressly provided in any signed written agreement. This
document may not be copied, modified, disclosed, or used other than in accordance with the terms and conditions of the agreement under which it is provided.
25

26. Site Mobilization
 Transportation to Site
© 2011 by AVANTech Inc. This document contains information that is confidential and proprietary. No rights to this document are granted herein, except as may be expressly provided in any signed written agreement. This
document may not be copied, modified, disclosed, or used other than in accordance with the terms and conditions of the agreement under which it is provided.
26

27. Site Mobilization
 Exit from J-Village (From Regulated Area)
© 2011 by AVANTech Inc. This document contains information that is confidential and proprietary. No rights to this document are granted herein, except as may be expressly provided in any signed written agreement. This
document may not be copied, modified, disclosed, or used other than in accordance with the terms and conditions of the agreement under which it is provided.
27

28. Site Mobilization
 Contaminated Protective Clothing Storage
© 2011 by AVANTech Inc. This document contains information that is confidential and proprietary. No rights to this document are granted herein, except as may be expressly provided in any signed written agreement. This
document may not be copied, modified, disclosed, or used other than in accordance with the terms and conditions of the agreement under which it is provided.
28

29. Installation Challenges
 SIXM’s Arriving at Fukushima Dock
 Air Freight to Japan
 Ship from Tokyo to Iwaki
 Barge from Iwaki to Fukushima Site
Earthquake Damage Created Logistics Problems
© 2011 by AVANTech Inc. This document contains information that is confidential and proprietary. No rights to this document are granted herein, except as may be expressly provided in any signed written agreement. This
document may not be copied, modified, disclosed, or used other than in accordance with the terms and conditions of the agreement under which it is provided.
29

30. Equipment Installation
SARRY
 Composite Autosamplers
 Pipe Racks
 Grab Samplers
 SIXMs
 Gamma Detectors
 Post Filters
 Remote Sampling
 Raised Walkway
 Flexible Hoses
 Dry Disconnects
 Hydrogen Ventilation
Mobile Equipment Aided Expedited Installation
© 2011 by AVANTech Inc. This document contains information that is confidential and proprietary. No rights to this document are granted herein, except as may be expressly provided in any signed written agreement. This
document may not be copied, modified, disclosed, or used other than in accordance with the terms and conditions of the agreement under which it is provided.
30

31. Equipment Installation
 Rx, Turbine and
Radwaste Building
 24 million gallons of
Storage Capacity
Turbine Building
Submersible Transfer Pump
Transfer Hoses
Mobile Equipment Aided Expedited Installation
© 2011 by AVANTech Inc. This document contains information that is confidential and proprietary. No rights to this document are granted herein, except as may be expressly provided in any signed written agreement. This
document may not be copied, modified, disclosed, or used other than in accordance with the terms and conditions of the agreement under which it is provided.
31

32. Simplified and Automated Solution
 Automatic IX
Alignment
 DP (kPad)
 Throughput
(m3)
 Rad Loading
(TBq)
 Trending
Automation Eliminates Exposure and Human Errors
© 2011 by AVANTech Inc. This document contains information that is confidential and proprietary. No rights to this document are granted herein, except as may be expressly provided in any signed written agreement. This
document may not be copied, modified, disclosed, or used other than in accordance with the terms and conditions of the agreement under which it is provided.
32

33. Phase 1: Results
 Accumulated Water Volume Control  SARRY Processed 80% of Water
U2 T/B B1
WL [mm]
U3 T/B B1
WL [mm]
 Non-detectible CS-137 effluent
 DF > 2 million
 SARRY Generated 13% of Waste
Results by all Standards Exceeded Clients Expectations
33

34. TEPCO Success!
The Challenge:
•
•
•
•
Lethal Levels of Cs-137:
Heat Generation:
Radiation Shielding:
Hydrogen Gas Gen:
The Product:
•
•
•
•
Prefiltration
Ion Exchange
Automation
Sampling
The Result:
•
•
•
•
•
< 10 week delivery
DF > 2,000,000
Cs Effluent – Non-detectible
Waste Generation – 10%
Safe Operation
Results by all Standards Have
Exceeded Expectations
Additional Work:
•
•
•
Groundwater Treatment
SARRY Replacement Vessels
Atrex
34

35. Post Emergency Challenges
 On-going Challenges

Phase 2 – Brine Treatment

Phase 3 - Strontium Removal

Phase 4 - Groundwater Remediation

Phase 5 - Car Wash Wastewater
35

36. Phase 3 – Strontium Removal
 Strontium Removal Focus
 Worker Exposure
 Evaporator Maintenance
 R/O Maintenance
 Equipment Maintenance
 Radionuclide Removal
 Waste Generation
 Technical Challenge





High Salinity Water
Heat Dissipation
Radiation Exposure
Minimize Radwaste Generation
Optimize Material Handling
PURE COOLING
WATER STORAGE
22,000 M3
(5.8 MGAL)
600 M3/D
RX
≈ 500
M3/D
TURBINE BLDGS.
≈ 400 -500
M3/D
GROUND
WATER
≈ 1000
M3/D
≈ 1000
M3/D
RADWASTE
BLDGS
SARRY
(AVANTech)
90,000 M3
(24 MGAL)
1ST CESIUM
APPARATUS
Areva/ Kurion
Standby Operation
Volumes as of
September 26, 2012
REVERSE
OSMOSIS
New Sr
Media
STORAGE
TANKS
≈ 50% Rec.
Reject
≈ 500 M3/D
BRINE
STORAGE
TANKS
180,000 M3
(47.5 MGAL)
120 Mgal treated
since June-2011
STORAGE OF
SHIELDED IX
MODULES
Creating a Safer Work Environment
and Minimizing Exposure
36

37. Phase 3 – Strontium Removal
 Current Process
 Design Inputs




Sr-90 Concentration 1E+05 Bq/cm3
Cs-134 Concentration 7E+04 Bq/cm3
Cs-137 Concentration 1E+05 Bq/cm3
IX Volume 1E+06 cm3
 Retrofit Results
SARRY System Flow
 System Objectives
 Minimize On-site work
 Utilize Existing Crane
 Passive operation




ASME Section IX Pressure Vessel
Operating Pressure – 200 psig
Integrated into existing SARRY System
55 m3/hr flow rate per vessel
 Thermal Results
 Dose Profiling
 Operation 1st Quarter 2014
Plug-n-Play Creates a Simplified Solution
37

38. Phase 4 – Groundwater Remediation
 Groundwater Problem




Groundwater In-leakage
Increased Contaminated Water
Increased Waste Volumes
Radionuclides getting to the Ocean
 Groundwater Goals




Rad Removal for Discharge
High TDS Influent
Minimize Waste Generation
Minimize Consumables
Lower Groundwater to Reduce In-Leakage
38

39. Phase 4 – Groundwater Remediation
 System Solution
 Gross Filtration
 Fine Filtration
 Ion Exchange
 System Design Inputs
 1,200 m3 per day (220 gpm)
 Chemistry




Cl- 800 ppm
Ca 23 ppm
Mg 61 ppm
COD 7 mg/l
 Activity





Cs-134: 5.12 Bq/ml
Cs-137 9.46 Bq/ml
I-131: 6.65E-02 Bq/ml
Co-60: 1.64E-02 Bq/ml
Sr-90: 3.56E-02 Bq/ml
 Laboratory Scale Validation of Media
39

40. Phase 4– Groundwater Remediation
 Operations
 Plug-n-Play Installation
 Automated
 Material Handling Similar
to SARRY
Ion Exchange
 Anticipated Results
 Nondetectible Effluent
 Minimal Waste Generation
 Start-up February 2014
Filtration
Controlling In-Leakage to Meet the Site Objectives
40

41. Phase 5 – Vehicle Decontamination
 Vehicle Challenge
 Technical Challenge
 Clean Wastewater from
Decontamination of Vehicles
 Radionuclide Removal
 Minimize Waste Generation
Item
Unit
SS
ClCOD
Oil
pH
Cs-134
Cs-137
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
Bq/l
Bq/l




High Solids
Radiation Exposure
Material Handling
Minimize Waste Generation
Inlet
(Waste Water)
200
10
50
10
8.0 – 9.0
1000
1000
Outlet
(Treated Water)
<50
30
5
5.6 – 8.6
<25
<25
Wastewater Characterization
41

42. Phase 5 – Vehicle Decontamination
 Technical Solution






Batch Process
Collection Tank
Clarification
Chemical Treatment
Filtration
Solids Treatment
 Design Characteristics




10 m3/day in hr
2.5 m3/hr
Automated
Nondetectible Effluent
Clarification
Chemical
Treatment
Sample
Tanks
Filtration
ATREX Arrangement
42

43. Fukushima Water Challenge





Phase 1 - Cesium Removal – Avantech’s SARRY System
Phase 2 – Multinuclide Removal
Phase 3 - Strontium Removal – Avantech’s SARRY Upgrade
Phase 4 - Groundwater Treatment – Avantech’s Treatment System
Phase 5 - Car Wash – Avantech’s Atrex System
Past Success has Created Future Opportunities
43