The Fuzzy Logic System

The Fuzzy Logic System
Artificial intelligence and machine learning techniques provide a qualitative as well as quantitative
assessment of the power system.
1. Fuzzy Logic: The Fuzzy logic system (FLS) is a logic system which represents reasons and
knowledge in a fuzzy manner for reasoning under uncertainty or describes in imprecise manner for
human interpretation. Not like Boolean logic and classic logic which assumes that entire fact is
either true or false, but fuzzy logic allows Boolean logic to tackle with vague and imprecise
expressions of human understanding. Not like the classic logic systems, it models the reasoning for
imprecision model that plays important role in ability of human knowledge to understand an
estimated or inexact answer for a question which is based on store of knowledge which is
approximate, not complete or totally unreliable. It is the best approach and way to go for fuzzy logic
when it is too difficult to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Knowledge of human experts forms the base of the accuracy of fuzzy logic systems (FIS). The
results of post contingent state of line power flows and performance indices are obtained using
Newton Raphson or any other load flow method .The membership functions for these post
contingent quantities are first recognized and defined and with these formed membership functions,
the computation of overall severity index is done to obtain the contingency ranking. For each post
contingent quantities which is obtained by the conventional load flow method is known by different
linguistic variable and with the membership function associated with it. The inputs to the fuzzy
inference system are line loadings, and voltage profiles indices and the outputs to the same FIS are
the severity indices, which are computed using the simple set of rules of Fuzzy. The post contingent
quantities of line flows and bus voltage must be
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10 Years Beyond: The Role of Biomedical Computing in...
10 Years Beyond: The Role of Biomedical Computing in Future Health Care
If one were asked to predict the future of medicine a decade ago, I am certain only the most
optimistic of people may have gotten a few predictions right. The future of health care which is
based of countless variables is difficult to predict but one thing is for certain that computation will
one of the most crucial aspects of its progress. Be it diagnosis or treatment computational algorithms
are ubiquitous. Advances in electronics and computer science are immediately being used for
betterment of health care and solve its current problems such as high costs, disintegrated care and
human errors.
With personal electronics faithfully in keeping the Moore's law ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Health care has already seen the acute reduction in the cost of sampling individual genomes.
Following this reduction in cost will inevitably lead to more scalable technologies for recording and
sampling parts of genetic information further enriching the world wide database of information. This
will promote the availability of unique sample cases of genetic anomalies at the disposal of
researchers around the world facilitating smoother research in diseases of a genetic origin. Recent
advances in epigenetics are also helping develop a better understanding of how specific genes
manifest themselves in affecting physical characteristics. The scientists will surely look to better
manipulate these characteristics.
Computer aided diagnosis (CAD) will likely see more advancements even though the day that CAD
systems overrule the judgements of the physician seem far away. Computer aided diagnosis systems
are algorithms are use to mark regions of diagnostic images that might have a specific abnormality
to alert Physicians. These systems use neural networks that learn and improve when provided with
more information. A centralized database of case studies will allow not only more data for CAD
programs to base their decision on but also expedite the development of new and improved
programs. Availability of more information will help increase scrutiny on predictions of

Using Amazon Mechanical Turk ( Https )
METHOD PARTICIPANTS Participants were recruited using Amazon Mechanical Turk
(https://www.mturk.com/), a crowdsourcing Internet marketplace in which "workers" can complete
Human Intelligence Tasks (HITs) in exchange for gift certificate credit on Amazon.com. Our
workers/participants were limited to adults residing in the US, and all their responses were kept
anonymous. Participants were directed to complete the survey on Qualtrics.com, an online survey
tool. On the Mechanical Turk site participants must reach the end of the survey before they receive a
validation code that they enter into mTurk to receive their compensation. Moreover, participants in
our study are recruited through Amazon's website, and have previously agreed to Amazon ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Participants were compensated approximately $__ for their participation, which was the rate
recommended by Amazon 's guide to Best Practices for mTurk. We did ask for demographical
information like race, gender, age and receding state. Participants had to be married for at least 3
through 25 years. We only used first time–marriage participants in order to reduce any compounding
variables. PROCEDURE Participants were given an informed consent. Random numbers were
given to each participant and were randomly placed in one of the three groups: positive humor,
avoidant humor, and control (somatic features). The manipulation for this study was to prime each
group differently before taking the questionnaires. The positive humor group was asked to think of a
moment when their spouse used positive humor, humor used to reduce tension and bring closeness.
The avoidant humor group was asked to think of a moment when their spouse used avoidant humor,
humor that is used to avoid conflict or change the topic. The control group was then asked to think
of their spouse's somatic features. Each group then had to take two measures the KMS (Kansas
Marital Satisfaction) scale and the CSI (Couples Satisfaction Index). MEASURES KMS In order to
measure marital satisfaction, we used the KMS scale (Schumm, 1986). The KMS is a short 3–item,
7–point Likert scale. The KMS was used to ask participants their level of marital satisfaction based
on their satisfaction with their marriage, spouse, and the

A Computerized Payroll System
Abstract
1.0 Introduction 1–1
1.1 Statement of the Problem 1–1
1.2 Current state of the Technology 1–2–1–4
1.3 Objectives 1–5
1.3.1 General Problem 1–5
1.3.2 Specific Problem 1–5 – 1–6
1.3.3 General Objectives 1–6
1.3.4 Specific Objectives 1–6 – 1–7
1.3.5 Scope and Limitations 1–7 – 1–9
2.0 Theoretical Framework 2–1
2.1 Introduction 2–1
2.2 Database Management 2–2
2.3 Information System 2–2
2.4 Transaction Processing System 2–3
2.5 Computer 2–3
2.5.1 Hardware 2–3
2.5.2 Software 2–4
2.5.3 Microsoft Access 2–4
2.5.4 Microsoft Word 2–4
3.0 A Computerized Payroll System for Arias Garments 3–1
3.1. Introduction 3–1
3.2 System Design ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Failure to manage a payroll effectively may cause many problems for the company and its
employees. It could mean loss of money, integrity, and trust between both parties.
Oftentimes, it takes many hours of work and manpower to get the job done. In certain cases,
effective payroll management is compromised by the lack of an effective system. Most companies
may have enough manpower and resources. However, with an effective information technology,
managing a payroll will be simpler, cost–effective, timely and reliable.
One of the companies that use manual payroll system is the Arias Garments. It was established last
September 18, 1994 at #88 Bargy. Latag, Lipa City, under the management of Mr. Alex Arias
together with his wife Mrs. Anita Carol Katigbak. It started with only forty machines and ten
employees. The capital of Arias Garments is Php 500,000.00. By 1996, Arias Garments became the

subcontractor of Champan Garments. Champan Garments produce and transport products like Gap,
Banana Republic, Old Navy, Tommy, and Hilfinger.
As of now, Arias Garments have 176 machines and 100 employees (40 regular and 60 contractual).
8:00AM is the time–in of employees, 4:00PM is the time out, and they consider 8:15AM as late.
Employees who are late or either log–out earlier than 4:00PM will have a deduction on their wages
(deduction is 0.61 per minutes late or under time). First offense, for late and employees who under
time, will be given

Using Deep Structured Learning Or Deep Machine Learning Essay
INTRODUCTION
Deep Learning (or deep structured learning, or hierarchical learning or deep machine learning) is a
branch of Machine Learning which is based on a set of algorithms that attempts to model high level
abstractions in data by using a deep graph with multiple processing layers which are composed of
multiple non–linear and linear transformations.
Applying Deep Learning to Building Automation Sensors
Sensors such as motion detectors, photocells, CO2 and smoke detectors are used primarily for
energy savings and safety, in building automation. However, next–generation buildings are intended
to be significantly more intelligent, having the capability to analyze space utilization, monitor
occupants comfort, and thereby generate business intelligence. Building–automation infrastructure
that supports such robust features, requires considerably richer information. Since the current
sensing solutions are limited in their ability to address this need, a new generation of smart sensors
are required which enhances the flexibility, reliability, granularity and accuracy of the data they
provide.
Data Analytics at the Sensor Node
The latest era of Internet of Things (IoT), there arises an opportunity to introduce a new approach to
building automation that will decentralize the architecture and push the analytics processing to the
sensor unit instead of a central server or cloud. This is commonly referred to as fog computing, or
edge computing, and this approach provides real–time

Impact of Training and Development on Employees Performance
IMPACT OF TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT ON EMPLOYEES PERFORMANCE
(A CASE STUDY ON DASHEN BANK)
A SENIOR ESSAY SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF MANAGEMENT IN PARTIAL
FULFILMENT FOR THE REQUIREMENT OF BACHELORS OF ART (BA) IN
MANAGEMENT.
Submitted by: Tesfahun Shiferaw
Id No CBE/UR/1175/01
Submitted to: Teshome Desta
[pic]
MEKELLE UNIVERCITY
COLLEGE OF BUSINESS AND ECONOMICS
DEPARTEMENT OF MANAGEMENT
June, 2011
MEKELLE, ETHIOPIA
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
It has become the willingness of God, the merciful, the almighty and the most passionate to finalize
this paper.
I would like to express my heart –felt appreciate and gratitude to my advisor Mr. Teshome Desta for
his critical reading of the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
budget for training and development................................................................
Table 3.6. training materials ................................................................................................
Table 3.7. adequate time for training.................................................................................

Table 3.8. groups for training...............................................................................................
Table 3.9.relevance of training............................................................................................
Table 3.10. impact of training and development..............................................................
Table 3.11. training and development for increasing performance ..............................
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1. BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Organization as a system use different types of resources including materials, finance, information,
and human resource, among these resources human resource is the engine that helps the organization
to meet its goal. As this time to be in copes up with–the competitive environment, organizations
require making a decision of choosing appropriate training and development strategies to capitalize
its human resources. Human resource training and development is a key factor for organizational
success and effectiveness. Carefully designed and executed training is not a cost but an investment
with encouraging returns and an instrument for preparing the staff for further and sustainable
development. (oljira 1999:14) Many organizations including banks need to train and develop their
human resources that help them vigorously win the challenges

Big Data Analysis Using Soft Computing Techniques
Big Data analysis Using Soft Computing Techniques Kapil Patidar Manoj Kumar (Asst. Pro) Dept.
of Computer Science and Engineering Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering ASET, Amity
University ASET, Amity University Noida, U.P., India Noida, U.P., India kpl.ptdr@gmail.com
manojbaliyan@gmail.com
Abstract–Big data is a widespread term used to define the exponential progress and obtainability of
data, both structured and unstructured. Big data may be as important to corporate society, more data
may prime to more precise analyses. More truthful analyses may prime to, more assertive judgment
creation and well judgments can mean greater functioning productivities, reduced cost and risk. In
this paper we discuss about big data analysis using soft computing technique with the help of
clustering approach and Differential Evolution algorithm.
Index Terms–Big Data, K–means algorithm, DE (Differential Evolution), Data clustering
Introduction
Day by day amount of data generation is increasing in drastic manner. Where in to describe the data,
for zetta byte, popular term used is "Big data". The marvelous volume and mixture of real world
data surrounded in massive databases clearly overcome old–fashioned manual method of data
analysis, such as worksheets and ad–hoc inquiries. A new generation of tools and

What is functionalism? Critically assess its main...
Functionalism is one of the major proposals that have been offered as solutions to the mind/body
problem. Solutions to the mind/body problem usually try to answer questions such as: What is the
ultimate nature of the mental? At the most general level, what makes a mental state mental? Or more
specifically, What do thoughts have in common in virtue of which they are thoughts? That is, what
makes a thought a thought? What makes a pain a pain? Cartesian Dualism said the ultimate nature of
the mental was to be found in a special mental substance. Behaviorism identified mental states with
behavioral dispositions. Functionalism holds most simply, that mental states are brain states: that
mental states are constituted by their causal relations to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
For this reason, when we tak of computations (as Heil puts it, the manipulations of symbols in
accordance with formal rules), we abstract from the material device perfrming them. And so in
doing, we characterise the behaviour of computing devices as a 'higher level'. In Heil's view, minds
can be considered in roughly the same way. A mind is a device capable of performing particular
sorts of operation. States of mind resemble computational states, to the extent that they are
shareable, in principle, by any number of material (and perhaps immaterial) systems. To talk of
minds and mental operations is to abstract from whatever realises them: it is to talk at a higher level.
The point of the computer analogy is to suggest that minds bear a relation to their material
embodiments analogous to the relation computer programs bear to devices on which they run. In the
same way we might suppose every mind has some material embodiment, although minds may have
very different kinds of material embodiment. In the case of humans, our brains constitute the
hardware on which our mental software runs. Heil gives the example of Alpha Centurions, who
might in contrast, share our psychology, our mental software, yet have very different, prehaps non–
carbon based, hardware. He concludes that if this is right, 'minds are not didtinct immaterial
substances casually related to bodies. Talk of minds is merely talk of material systems at a 'higher
level''

Privacy Protecting Trademark Identification System Using...
Privacy Preserving Trademark Identification System using Cloud
1. Introduction
Content–Based Information Retrieval (CBIR) is the field that constitutes representation of images,
organizing and searching of images based on their content rather than annotations of image. CBIR,
also known as query by image content and content–based visual information retrieval (CBVIR) is
the application of computer vision techniques to the image retrieval problem, that is, the matter of
checking out digital pictures in massive databases.
"Content–based" implies that the search analyzes the contents of the image based not on keywords,
descriptions related to image, tags or annotations but based on features extracted directly from the
image data. The term ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Images with higher similarity than threshold are returned as an output. System which uses the
content of the object for Information Retrieval is the CBIR.
There are many applications of Content Based Information Retrieval. Image retrieval is one of the
applications of CBIR. Few applications of CBIR are art collections, architectural and engineering
design, crime prevention, Defense, Face detection etc. Mostly CBIR is applied on the Multimedia
data.
CBIR faces some problems. The trouble with the technique is the issue of high dimensionality. With
the increase in the dimensionality CBIR becomes time consuming system and highly computation
bound. Also with variety of applications of CBIR, there is need to preserve the privacy of user
interest.
A. Need of the Privacy Preservation in CBIR
Privacy can be outlined as "The quality of being secluded from the presence or view of others". In
CBIR user provides some Multimedia object (e.g. an image of trademark to check whether the same
trademark is already exist or not) as query and system provides required results. During this process
system must realize the similarity between user query and objects in the database. At this time
system gets the user query and query reveals the content and interest of the user and here is the
privacy leak in the system. Here the original trademark can be compromised or can be copied.
Generally CBIR is multi–party system, in which there are minimum 2 parties, User and

Cognitive Neuron
Cognitive neuroscience is the study of human mind and brain. Therefore, its role is based on the
inference of raw observations that is brain scans. This is because brain scans have the appearance of
physical objects that can be seen and touched. It tempts us to think that we are seeing the raw reality
in brain scans. However, it is a seductive fallacy. The inferential measurement of the brain activity is
actually electroencephalography (EEG) as in positron emission tomography (PET) and other
scanning tools. Therefore, the EEG makes a raw observation of the brain activity of cognition.
Neurons make ten thousand connections and even the input branches of a single neuron may
compute information. Measuring the electrical activity of single neurons is only a tiny sample of a
very complex ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
There a diverse of neurons and out of that many integrate and fire neuron is focused. This neuron is
known to be a classical neuron that accepts input from other nerve cells through its dendrites. The
dendrites branches are with graded membrane potentials. The voltages across the membrane of the
dendrites can have its continuous values. The graded dendritic potentials add up and if the total
voltage over a brief time interval exceeds about –50mV, they trigger a fast travelling spike or action
potential in the axon of the nerve cell (neuron).
The neuron is to send its signal by firing spikes that is by sending action potentials from the cell
body down the axon to the terminal buttons. At the terminals, a neurochemical is released to diffuse
across the small synaptic gap. Then it triggers a postsynaptic potential in the neighboring neuron.
2.
Action potential is a brief fluctuation in membrane potential caused by the rapid opening and
closing of the voltage–gated ion channels which is known as the spike of neuron, nerve impulse or
discharge. The action potential sweep like a wave along axons to transfer information from one
neuron to the other in the nervous system.

Computer Science That Has Evolved From Pattern Recognition...
'Machine Learning is a sub discipline of Computer Science that has evolved from Pattern
Recognition and Computational Learning Theory.' ML is akin to Data Mining in the sense that both
approaches look for patterns in the data set and while the former trains the program to better its
understanding, the latter focuses on extraction of data for human comprehension. A typical
application employing ML would involve the design and construction of an algorithm where the
program is trained through huge samples of historical data to create a model. This model is later
utilized on real time data sets to predict what happens next. While Machine Learning itself has been
around for decades, it has found itself into reckoning with the advent of Big ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
Amazon Web Services S3 or Microsoft's Azure are few amongst the various cloud services currently
available that allow users to store massive amounts data at unbelievably low costs.
With massive data at disposal comes the huge potential to analyze this data to draw inferences or
predict future events. But why exactly is Machine Learning moving to the cloud? A compelling
reason to move to the cloud would be the varying computational requirements in the ML lifecycle.
The process of training/ retraining your model requires enormous computation power and resources,
while the process of utilizing your trained models does not require any resources. The varying
workload of the ML lifecycle makes it an ideal candidate for the cloud. Cloud Computing is a
powerful technology that allows complex computations on massive scale data by eliminating the
need to maintain dedicated storage space or maintain expensive hardware. Also it follows intuitively
to train your models in the cloud where the data is stored. Prior to the advent of cloud based ML
platforms, the only way to do advanced analytics was to purchase packages such as SAS or IBM's
SPSS or resort to tools like R. The cloud based platforms make Machine Learning more accessible
to a large group of users who intend to deploy predictive models in order to enhance their products
or services.
Cloud based Machine Learning Services:

Intelligence Differences: Humans vs. Machines
Intelligence Differences In order to successfully denote the differences between both human and
machine intelligence, it is important to define the term intelligence in general, as well as to define its
application to both humans and machines. Essentially, intelligence is the ability to learn through
experience and to adapt to different climates (Sternberg, 2005). With that in mind, there are several
different subsets of intelligence, such social or emotional intelligence, the likes of which are
generally associated with human intelligence. Artificial intelligence, however, is defined as "the
computational part of the ability to achieve goals in the world" (Sternberg, 2005). Artificial
intelligence is generally associated with machine or robotic intelligence. Therefore, when espousing
the similarities between both machine and human intelligence, it is necessary to focus on the
definition that relates to artificial intelligence, and which has human applications as well. Quite
simply, the primary similarity between human and machine intelligence lies in the outcome of
computing goals in the world which is the actual achievement of those goals. Both human and
machine intelligence are essentially concerned with making the best choice for a particular
circumstance. Quite often, such a choice is made by weighing a number of different factors which is
the "computational part" of intelligence that is readily shared between people and machines.
However, it is noteworthy to give

A Brief Note On High Performance Computing ) Frameworks...
HPC (high performance computing) frameworks are based on both software and hardware
platforms. The mechanism called fault tolerance is nothing but process which allows system
(frequently software based) to continue working properly in case of failure of its components (one
or more faults) on MPI (message passing interface). In HPC systems like grid computing, cloud
computing etc. fault tolerance method highly applicable in order to ensure that long operating
applications are finished their tasks according to time. Therefore, there are different types of fault
tolerance methods introduced in literature.
The goal of this section is to present the study on various fault tolerance methods with its working
and issues associated for HPC systems on MPI computations. Fault tolerance methods are basically
divided into five main research points listed below:
– Migration methods
– Redundancy methods
– Failure masking methods
– Failure semantic methods
– Recovery methods
Paste your text here and click on "Next" to look at this text redact do it 's factor. don 't have any text
to check? don 't have any text to check? Click "Select Samples".Data migration is the method of
transferring data between storage types, formats, or computer systems. Data migration is typically
performed programmatically to attain an automated migration, liberating up human resources from
tedious tasks. It is needed once organizations or people amendment laptop systems or upgrade to
new systems, or

Privacy Protecting Trademark Identification System Using...
Privacy Preserving Trademark Identification System using Cloud
1. Introduction
Content–Based Information Retrieval (CBIR) is the field that constitutes representation of images,
organizing and searching of images based on their content rather than annotations of image. CBIR,
also known as query by image content and content–based visual information retrieval (CBVIR) is
the application of computer vision techniques to the image retrieval problem, that is, the matter of
checking out digital pictures in massive databases.
"Content–based" implies that the search analyzes the contents of the image based not on keywords,
descriptions related to image, tags or annotations but based on features extracted directly from the
image data. The term ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Images with higher similarity than the threshold are returned as an output. System which uses the
content of the object for Information Retrieval is the CBIR.
There are many applications of Content Based Information Retrieval. Image retrieval is one of the
applications of CBIR. Few applications of CBIR are art collections, architectural and engineering
design, crime prevention, Defense, Face detection etc. Mostly CBIR is applied to the Multimedia
data.
CBIR faces some problems. The trouble with the technique is the issue of high dimensionality. With
the increase in the dimensionality CBIR becomes a time consuming system and highly computation
bound. Also with variety of applications of CBIR, there is a need to preserve the privacy of user
interest.
A. Need of the Privacy Preservation in CBIR
Privacy can be outlined as "The quality of being secluded from the presence or view of others". In
CBIR user provides some Multimedia object (e.g. an image of the trademark to check whether the
same trademark is already exist or not) as query and system provides required results. During this
process system must realize the similarity between user query and objects in the database. At this
time system gets the user query and query reveals the content and interest of the user and here is the
privacy leak in the system. Here the original trademark can be compromised or can be copied.
Generally CBIR is multi–party system, in which there are minimum 2

Reliable Computation And Fault Tolerance Web Application...
Reliable Computation and Fault Tolerance Web Application Design on Amazon EC2 Keshav
Khandelwal and Pravesh Shah Department of Computer Science, California State University Long
Beach, USA Group number 11 Abstract– As Cloud Computing is considered as the most influential
technology in IT world which provides many facilities and increases the capability of our system
without any extra hardware installment. So this paper focuses on the fault tolerance of web
application by one of the major cloud service provider Amazon. We will provide the ways on the
process adopted by Amazon and how we can improve the existing techniques of fault tolerance. We
provide the detail infrastructure of the Amazon Web application design. Also the important part
covered in this paper is the computation done in cloud computing. As it is required that the
computation should be in complete secure way and also doesn't get infected by malicious and faulty
cloud. So we define the ways to employ the method and how to distribute the data to different
clouds. We will demonstrate this using the calculation of matrix multiplication. I INTRODUCTION
As today, IT world is heavily based on cloud computing and most of the companies had earned
billions through this technology like Google, Salesforce and Amazon. As Amazon is considered the
top E–commerce company of the world so customers expect 24*7 services from them. Even the
server drop of single minute

Nine Algorithms That Changed The Future
In Mathematics is an integral part of of computer science and computer programming. A great
example of this would be how algorithms for computer programs are directly taken from a
mathematics stand point. They are used for calculations and data processing. In the book Nine
Algorithms that Changed the Future by John MacCormick, the author takes the reader through
different algorithms that have made a significant impact on the internet and computer science as a
whole. None of these algorithms would even be possible if it was not for applied or pure
mathematics.
Similarly, computer scientist can gain a lot by developing a deeper understanding of mathematical
foundations. According to Wikipedia, applied mathematics is where one studies practical problems,
whereas pure mathematics tends to focus on the ideas or concepts behind these problems. Both play
into the field of computer ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Numerical analysis can be defined as the design and analysis of techniques to give approximate but
accurate solutions to difficult problems. I find this interesting because by using numerical analysis
one can find different tricks or methods of understanding or solving a problem. Many theories
within mathematics come from numerical analysis. It's been in practice for centuries and without it,
simple mathematical operations such as solving a system of equations might not exist. Furthermore,
the theory of computation also interests me due to the fact that it tests the limitations on what
computers can and can not do. According to Wikipedia, the theory of computation is split into three
different branches: automata theory and language, computability theory, and computational
complexity theory. In fact, one of the most commonly used models used when studying computation
is the Turing machine. This is because it is simpler to analysis and represents everything a computer
could

The Internet Of Things ( Iot )
Rochester Institute of Technology
Real–Time and Embedded Systems
SWEN 563 / CMPE 663 / EEEE 663
Graduate Paper Review Report
ON
"Efficient Embedded Learning for IoT Devices"
Submitted by: Rohan N. Dhamdhere, rnd7528@g.rit.edu
I. Introduction
The Internet of Things (IoT) helps us sense meaningful data from the physical world. In recent
years, its ability to sense the data has increased tremendously, which increases the prospects of IoT
applications useful to humans. Machine learning will play a big part to help IoT derive sense from
raw data and deliver useful information.
A simple quantitative analysis is done on two broad categories of applications – a smart glass that
uses a deep learning network to perform real time recognition on video stream that it captures, and a
server cluster that trains the model associated with the deep network. The analysis showed
differences between the computational capabilities of current systems and the needs levied by these
application cases. The authors hypothesize that deep learning will be one of the important part of the
computing platforms and will be extensively deployed. The Paper discusses the following potential
procedures to improve the efficiency of deep learning for embedded computing systems –
accelerators for deep learning, approximate computing and neuromorphic circuits based on
emerging post–CMOS devices.
II. Computational Challenges
The

Fingerprint Based Authentication System Using Merkle Hash...
FINGERPRINT BASED AUTHENTICATION SYSTEM USING MERKLE HASH ALGORITHM
IN CLOUD COMPUTING
SHAIK RASHEEDA BEGUM
Department of Information Technology
B.S.Abdur Rahman University
Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
E–mail: rasheeameen@gmail.com
LATHA TAMILSELVAN
Department of Information Technology
B.S.Abdur Rahman University
Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
E–mail: Latha.Tamilselvan94 @gmail.com
Abstract– Cloud computing has been envisioned as the next generation architecture of the IT
enterprise due to its on demand self–service, ubiquitous network access, location–independent
resource pooling , rapid resource elasticity and usage–based pricing . The fundamental aspect of
cloud storage computing model is that data is being centralized or outsourced into the cloud without
the burden of local hardware and software management thereby new and challenging threat on data
arises. Fingerprint Authentication , a significant security element and popular biometric modality
which is used extensively in several applications for person authentication, which provides high
uniqueness and acceptable performance. In existing system the security of fingerprint data is not
highly ensured . In this project A new approach of remote user fingerprint authentication scheme
using the concept of Boundry Segmentation ,Spatial –Taxons , RGB Colour of Image Processing
and Merkle Hash Tree has been proposed. In the data owners side, the

Logarithms During The Scientific Revolution Of The 17th...
Though the Scientific Revolution of the 17th century produced many inspiring inventions and
discoveries, one of the greatest contributions of the period, at least in the field of mathematics, was
the introduction of logarithms. Mathematically, a logarithm is denoted as follows logb(x)=y, where y
is the power to which b must be raised in order to produce the answer x. However, simply explained,
a logarithm is a quantity representing the power to which a fixed number, the base, must be raised to
produce a specific number. Therefore, to give just one computational example, log2(32) = 5 because
25 =32.
The term logarithm was derived from the Greek words for ratio and number. Conceptually speaking,
logarithms are the inverse operation of exponents. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The combined efforts of Napier, Burgi, and Briggs contributed to the invention of a mathematical
calculation that is used daily in our modern life. By referring back to the logarithm tables, large and
tedious calculations can be avoided and simplified by simply performing two steps by using the
logarithm laws. This discovery arose in the time period when there were several mathematical and
scientific discoveries being made, and resulted in a highly convenient and faster method for
completing complex

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) also known as Remotely Piloted Vehicle (RPV) which can
operate without human operator, plays important role in both civilian and military purposes. [3]
[8]Weather reconnaissance, search and rescue assisting operations in sea and mountains, aerial
photographing and mapping, fire detection and traffic control are examples of usage fields. [1] Path
Planning, crucial phase for navigation process, is about to determining optimal or near optimal path
between destinations with fulfilling constraints such as hostile threats. [2] Depending on the degree
of difficulty of the task, operations such as path planning should be fulfilled without human support.
[1] The autonomy of such use is advantageous in situations that require quick decisions. And
success of path planning heavily relies on selected algorithm. [4] Measure of success can be
categorized into two sections: feasibility which considers to safely moving objects to target and
optimality which is about to finding optimal solution. When a task difficult to accomplish by a
single UAV or it is cheaper, easier or faster than there may be a need would arise to use multiple
UAVs to fulfill task [8]. To solve some problems multiple UAVs path planning may be came into as
a constraint. [8] Search and rescue operations are examples of multiple UAVs usage areas. There are
different types of path planning architectures. It can be centralized or distributed. In centralized
systems; a universal path planer

Elements Of Service Oriented Architecture
ME (CE), PIET, LIMDA Page 1
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
This chapter gives brief information about SOA, architecture of SOA and its principles. And also
gives introduction about problem statement, motivation, and objective.
1.1 Introduction of Service Oriented Architecture
A Service–Oriented Architecture (SOA) is an architectural pattern in computer software design in
which application components provide services to other components via a communications protocol,
typically over a network. The principles of service–orientation are independent of any vendor,
product or technology. [16]
SOA is a design for linking business and computational resources (principally organizations,
applications and data) on demand to achieve the desired results for service ... Show more content on
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They initiate and control all activity of the enterprise system.
Web application, application with GUI, or a batch application.
 Service: A software component that encapsulates a high level business concept.
 Contract: It provides a specification of the purpose, functionality, constraints, and usage of
services.
 Interface: functionality of the service exposed by the service to the clients that are connected to
the service.
 Implementation: The service implementation provides the required business logic and appropriate
data. It contains one or more of the artifacts: programs, configuration, data and databases.
 Business Logic: business process represented by the service.
 Data: data represented in the service/ used by the service.
 Service repository: It registers the services and their attributes to facilitate the

Privacy And The Iot : Navigating Policy Issues
Privacy and the IoT: Navigating Policy Issues – Opening Remarks of FTC Chairwoman Edith
Ramirez[10], "Today, I would like to focus on three key challenges that, in my view, the IoT poses
to consumer privacy: (1) ubiquitous data collection; (2) the potential for unexpected uses of
consumer data that could have adverse consequences; and (3) heightened security risks. These risks
to privacy and security undermine consumer trust. And that trust is as important to the widespread
consumer adoption of new IoT products and services as a network connection is to the functionality
of an IoT device. I believe there are three key steps that companies should take to enhance consumer
privacy and security and thereby build consumer trust in IoT devices: (1) adopting "security by
design"; (2) engaging in data minimization; and (3) increasing transparency and providing
consumers with notice and choice for unexpected data uses. I believe these steps will be key to
successful IoT business models and to the protection of consumer information." This project wants
to achieve just the same goal as intended in both of the base papers combined The following are the
better, simple features that can make this project as a benchmarking step in the implementation of
the network security solutions for a Smart City:–
3.1 Privacy Preserving mechanism –
U. I. D.:
A user identification (UID) is a unique positive integer acting as a unique key randomly generated
and then assigned by the

Trolley Car Problem
The Trolley Car Problem demonstrates the difficulty of using utilitarian ideal as the basis for ethical
action, but in many real–world situations, innocent people must be sometimes be sacrificed for the
sake of saving other lives. If you flip the switch you are saving 5 people, rather than not doing
anything and saving only one. Furthermore, all people in this situation are innocent. If you are to flip
the switch only one innocent person would die rather than five innocent people. This means that you
will be killing innocent people either way, so the least casualties possible would be the best
outcome. In addition to my last point, all outcomes of the Trolley Car Problem Result in deaths. This
means that if you flip the switch or not, both actions will have consequences. However, the choice to
flip the switch, only causing one casualty, has lesser consequences. A utilitarian ideal is the most
logical outcome of the Trolley Car Problem. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
While computers can talk in a humanly manner, they do not understand what they are saying. Thus,
not thinking like a human, just talking like a human. Also, computers are run from a code while
humans make logical decisions based on their knowledge. For this reason, computers are restricted
to only do what they are programmed to do. However, humans are not restricted by a code, they can
think and talk about anything they want. In any case, computation is not thought. Computation is
mechanical and not mental. This means that a computer can do computations, but it can't mentally
think. Computers cannot think, they can only do what they are programmed

Dorothy Johnson Vaughan's Life And Accomplishments
Dorothy Johnson Vaughan was an African American mathematician and human computer who
worked for the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics, and NASA, at Langley Research
Center in Hampton, Virginia. She was born on September 20th,1910 in Kansas City, MO. Dorothy
was married to her beloved husband Howard Vaughan. She graduated from Beechurst High School
in 1925. Dorothy got her education at Wilberforce University in Ohio. Where she later got her
Bachelor's in Science degree. Her parents both, Annie Johnson and Leonard Johnson always
expressed how proud they were. Dorothy is most known as famous because she was an African
American mathematics teacher who became one of the leading mathematical engineers in early days
of the aerospace industry. Dorothy was a loving and caring mother of four. Her four children were,
Kenneth, Leonard, Maida, and Ann. The next ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
She was responsible for calculating mathematical computations for engineers conducting
aeronautical experiments in wind tunnels on the variables affecting drag and life of aircraft. Around
1949, Dorothy became the first black supervisor at NACA when she was promoted to manager of
the West Area Computers. She also became a dedicated advocate for female employees who
deserved promotions of raises, often supporting white women as well. She led the West Area
Computing program for a whole decade. In 1958, as NACA was transitioning into the National
Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), the agency abolished the segregated working
environment. She joined a Computation Division, becoming an expert Fortran programmer, and
worked on the SCOUT (Solid Controlled Orbital Utility Test) Launch Vehicle Program, one of the
nation's most successful and reliable launch vehicles, used for launching a 385–pund satellite into a
500–mile orbit. Dorothy lived a memorable life and will never be

The Design And Production Of Artifacts
Neri Oxman Introduction Over the long trajectory of architectural design history, the design and
production of artifacts has been characterized by the growing separation of form–making from its
natural foundations in material conditions. In contradistinction to craft production (Sennett 2008) in
which material and form are naturally intertwined into a tradition of making, modern design and
production have historically evolved away from this integration towards the compartmentalization
of form–making as a process independent of its sources in material knowledge. At least since the
Renaissance, with the emergence of architectural theories, form–making, as the production of form
inspired by theory, has become an autonomous body of knowledge. ... Show more content on
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Eventually, this non–material approach to the design and the automation of construction were to be
reinforced under the command of computer aided design. The digital revolution, which marked the
change from analog to digital technology, has transformed the designer?s drafting board into a
digital canvas. Form, it seemed, was now divorced completely from the physical reality of its
manifestation. Granted, these new design spaces afforded much liberation in terms of formal
expression, but it has also broadened the gap between form and matter and made the hierarchical
and sequential separation of modeling, analysis and fabrication processes infinitely more
pronounced. The implementation and broad absorption of enhanced computational design tools in
architectural practice has, since the early nineties, motivated a renaissance of the formalist project in
architecture; geometrically complex shapes became emblems of creativity in digital design
environments and supported the design mastery of complex geometries in form generation. This
formal and geometric design orientation has also addressed ?free form? design and architecture
along with their enabling technologies as part of the larger design phenomenon of the ?mass
customization? of ?non–standard? form. Today, perhaps under

Coke Scientific Paper
A solution of coke is considered to be homogenous since it contains a uniform composition and
furthermore, Coke is a mixture since its main ingredients can be broken down into various
components such as sugars and carbonic acid. The term that determined the number of significant
figures was the mass. The mass had four significant figures which led to the density having the same
number of significant figures. The mass was chosen because it was measured using the analytical
balance. Despite measuring the same amount of solution for all three volumetric glassware, it was
revealed in this experiment that different glassware will give fluctuating recordings due to the
different calibrations found within each glassware. It was deemed that the Buret provides the most
precise density value among the three glassware utilized in the experiment. The Buret accumulated
0.34 % difference indicating high precision. The least precise data came from the graduated
cylinder. The graduated cylinder had a percent difference of 1.37% which was the highest percent
difference recorded for the experiment. There are a number ... Show more content on
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Based on the computations, it was deemed that the Buret had the clear–cut advantage in precision
compared to the other two glassware. In the computations, the data from handling the Buret
produced an average density of 1.041 g/mL. The percent difference was calculated by dividing the
difference between the two trials over the average density. The percent difference of the Buret datum
had the lowest percentage difference of 0.37 % confirming its superior precision. In comparison, the
data from the graduated cylinder and pipette produced percent differences of 1.37 % and 0.67%
respectively. The percent difference of the graduated cylinder entails that the graduated cylinder is
the least precise glassware in this experiment due to attaining the highest percent

Listening : Tapping Into Subconscious Mind Power Essay
Increasing Memory – Tapping Into Subconscious Mind Power The Creating of The Mind &
Processes of The Memory– Cognitive Memory Training
The most interesting and common–sense evidence speaking for memory is the creation of memory
and its processes. Simonides approach to loci is deeply creative: It 's enough to have some basic
understanding of the processes of mind structures to understand why memory works the way it does,
and why Mnemonics is the ultimate solution to the problem of forgetting. The nervous system has
been the creation or invention that introduced central control in, otherwise, homeostatically
controlled organisms.
It was like introducing a global communist government in a conglomerate of countries and
federations, i.e. cells and organs, governed by purely a free market of enzymes, free–flowing
metabolites and hormones. In its introduction of communism, the memory was smarter than the
other parts of humans in this sense that the communist practices were introduced not outright, but in
proportion to available means. The developing nervous system, in the successive stages of the
memory creation, took over an increasing control over the organism in tandem with the increasing
complexity of its neural structure. The culmination of this process was the human brain. The greatest
creator of our neural civilization, not only for the successful introduction of neural communism, the
mind can be viewed as an incredibly smart designer which would not miss an opportunity

What Is Image Steganography?
Image Steganography: In today's digital world secret messages get embedded in to the digital image
which is called as Image Steganography where cover object used is Image . Because of the limited
power of the Human vision system this method is most commonly used [5].
According to Duncan Sellars [4], image can be explains as " To a computer , an image is an array of
numbers that represents light intensities at various points or pixels. These pixels make up the images
raster data. Image steganography typically uses 8–bit and 24 bit pixel image files[5].8 bit images are
small in size (in KB) but during encoding it provides only 256 colors. 8– bit images uses gray scale
color palette for example .GIF. 24–bit images offers large size, more

The Human Face Action Recognition System
Abstract– In this paper we implement the Human Face Action Recognition System in Wireless
Sensor Network. Detecting movements of human is one of the key applications of wireless sensor
networks. Existing technique is detecting movements of a target using face tracking in wireless
sensor network work efficiently but here we implementing face action recognition system by using
image processing and algorithms with sensors nodes. Using sensor node we can collect the
information, data about human facial expressions and movements of human body and comparing old
data captured by sensors to the new capturing data, if data is match then we can say that detecting
human is same as early. Here we create new framework for face tracking and its movements
capturing, achieve tracking ability with high accuracy using Wireless Sensor
Networks. We use the Edge Detection Algorithms, Optimal Selection Algorithm, Image Processing
Technique, Action Recognition, the big data analysis. Using java language, various types of sensors.
Keywords– Mobile Network, Ad–hoc Network, Routing Protocol, Sensor Networks, Surveillance
system, Pattern Recognition.
I. Introduction Face Recognition is a technology to extract facial features by computer and a
technique for authentication according to the characteristics of these features. Face Recognition

Amazon Mechanical Turk And Idea Storm
Introduction
Crowdsourcing is a new tool that has gradually modified and replaced some ineffective original
ways. Based on the research and development on crowdsourcing, more and more new applications
appear. This paper singled out two distinctive crowdsourcing applications from numbers of
emerging applications, idea generation and Microtasking. Two examples, Amazon Mechanical Turk
and Idea Storm are selected in order to understand the role of these two applications in real life.
Moreover, comparison of these two cases are conducted, this allows readers have more
comprehensive understanding of crowdsourcing and different roles in different applications.
Innovation Topic
The word "Crowdsourcing" was first came out in June 2009, Jeef ... Show more content on
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By completing or participating these tasks, individuals could get jobs, financial rewards, knowledge
or experience.（2012）This definition will be further confirmed in following discussion on
application examples.
As mentioned in many literature, crowdsourcing can be used in many approaches, such as idea
generation. Creation, development and idea exchanges are very abstracted; idea generation includes
the construction of ideas, innovative ideas, development process and implementation the idea into
reality. There are two ways of Idea generation through crowdsourcing, idea competition and ideation
with collective intelligence (Moketer Hossain). Idea competition is company asks many people to
contribute new ideas for the company through crowdsourcing, company will choose the best one
and reward to the person. Ideation with collective intelligence refers to ideation with continuous
interactions between firms and crowds. Like Poetz and Schreier (2012) said, idea come from crowds
sometimes far beyond the company can think. Also as Surowiecki (2005) mentioned, the collective
efforts from a number of innovative individuals often better than rely on some experts.
Microtasking is a process that split a large task into many small tasks and publishes on the Internet.
Microtasking is defined as the system that users can choose and complete small tasks with or
without monetary rewards (Kittur, 2008). The birth of microtasking allows any person make

Essay On Cloud Based Energy Efficient Importing
Cloud –Based Energy Efficient Offloading
Transcoding Service Policy
Vaishali Y. Baviskar, Snehal Mandlik, Supriya Patil,Pallavi Sinha,Pooja Gopale
Department of Computer Engineering, Savitribai Phule Pune University
G.H.R.I.E.T., Wagholi , Pune,India
Abstract–With the increasing variety of mobile applications, reducing the energy utilization of
mobile devices is a major challenge in multimedia streaming applications. In this paper we
investigate energy–efficient offloading policy for transcoding as a service in a generic mobile cloud
system. we explores how to minimize the energy consumption of the backlight when displaying a
video stream without adversely impacting the user's visual experience. we put forward algorithms to
solve the fundamental problem and prove the optimality in terms of energy savings. Finally, based
on the algorithms, we present a cloud–based energy–saving service.
The proposed offloading policy can reduce energy consumption on both mobile devices and the
cloud jointly, which provides guidelines for the design of green mobile cloud. Keyword: Mobile
devices, Cloud services, Energyconsumption,
SSIM
I. INTRODUCTION
Advances in information and communications technology have increased the popularity of mobile
devices. Nowadays, mobile devices can support limited video formats and resolutions. However, it
is still a challenge to satisfy the tall demand for video consumption on resource–constrained mobile
devices. Nowadays, mobile devices can support limited

Analyitcs, Interfaces, and Cloud, Technology
Project Deliverable 4: Analytics, Interfaces, and Cloud Technology
Analytics, Interfaces, and Cloud Technology
What is Business Analytics? Business analytics (BA) is a method combining skills, technologies,
applications, and processes that is used by the company to gain valuable insight on the processes of
the business by collecting statistical data. BA is used by the company to improve the business
decisions and can be used to automate and optimize the business processes. A data driven company,
such as SMB Computation treats their data as a corporate asset and uses it to gain a competitive
advantage. For business analytics to be successful, skilled analysts who recognize the technologies
and the companies, organizational guarantee to the data–driven decision–making must collect
quality data (Rouse, 2010). As soon as the company's goals of the analysis are decided, an analysis
procedure will be selected to support the company's analysis goals. Collecting data from multiple
business systems and filtering through the data, then integrating them into a single place such as a
data warehouse is usually the case with data analysis. As the data is analyzed patterns and
relationships within the data will be uncovered, which in turn will bring forth more questions to be
asks and the analytic process will continue until the company's goals are met (Rouse, 2010).
Business analytics and business intelligence are often used as the same term, but there are a few
differences between

Essay on Crowdsourcing AOL case
MIS
Management Information System
Crowdsourcing at AOL Case Analysis
1. A brief analysis of the case study
AOL engaged in what is called "micro–tasking", and is believed to revolutionize the virtual
workforce. Micro–tasking is what Daniel Maloney, an AOL executive, applied when he was faced
with inventorying a vast video library. He broke the large job into small pieces and utilized a
crowdsourcing IT platform, Mechanical Turk, in order to describe each task that he required to be
done. Each worker was asked to find web pages containing a video and identify the video's source
and location. The project started within a week and completed in a couple of months. The total labor
cost was as low as it would've been to hire two man–month ... Show more content on
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He assembles and controls the entire project.
2–3. What factors should be considered when deciding whether or not to crowdsource a particular
part of a business?
I think the following three points implies factors to decide. 1) Any tasks that require advanced
knowledge in a certain area should not be crowd sourced. Because managers controls a large
number of workers and review the quality of services, critical functions related to company's brand
should not be crowd sourced. 2)Even if each company has its strategic capability, crowdsourcing
vital areas that sustain company's capabilities might lead a company to lose its advantage. 3) Crowd
sourcing is more suitable for non–creative, simple works to be break into micro tasks.
2–4. Describe the advantages and disadvantages of crowdsourcing.
I consider that the advantages of crowdsourcing not only reduce cost, but also provide working
opportunities with a large number of general people. For example, 1) Total labor cost can be
reduced. 2) It's generally faster than hiring temp staff or traditional outsourcing firms 3)Mothers,
who quit working even if they have working experiences, can utilize working opportunities in order
to work as a part time job. 4) Crowdsourcing provide NEET (Not in Education, Employed and
Trained) people with opportunities to join something social activities. On the other hand,
disadvantage implies that 1) Dishonest companies maliciously utilize people without caring for

Data Analysis : Data Mining
Introduction
Coenen at the University of Liverpool defines data mining "as a set of mechanisms and techniques,
realized in software, to extract hidden information from data" [1]. Data mining ventures to make it
easier for humans to make decisions by making data easier to manage and patterns easier to find.
With more information, humans can make better business and financial decisions. The term was first
written down in the 1980's and has sense then become one of the fastest growing components of the
computer science world. Data Architects make an average of $105,000 every year, entry–level
positions starting at $75,000 a year, according to PayScale.com. These jobs and skills are in high
demand and in large part there is still a lot to be explored in this area of research. And as technology
proceeds to move forward, the amount of data grows, and more advanced tools are needed for it to
be useful.
History of Data Mining
In its infancy, data mining was as limited as the hardware being used. Large amounts of data were
difficult to analyze because the hardware simply could not handle it [1]. The term "data mining" first
began appearing in the 1980 's largely within the research and computer science communities. In the
1990 's it was considered a subset of a process called Knowledge Discovery in Databases of KKD
[1]. KKD analyzes data in the search for patterns that may not normally be recognized with the
naked eye. Today however, data mining does not limit itself to databases,

Characteristics Of The Watermarking System
the CSF characteristics of the HVS in order to embed the watermarking data on selected wavelet
coefficients of the input image. The selected coefficients dwell on the detail sub bands and the
information about the edges of the image were contained in them. Hence, the embedded information
becomes invisible by exploiting the HVS which was less sensitive to alterations on high frequencies.
The success of their method in terms of robustness and transparency was illustrated by results of the
experiments conducted. Their approach performed against the diverse widespread signal processing
methods as compression, filtering, noise and cropping splendidly.
A scaling based image–adaptive watermarking system which ... Show more content on
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An adaptive image watermarking algorithm based on HMM in wavelet domain was presented by
Zhang Rong– Yue et al. [27]. The algorithm considered both the energy correlation across the scale
and the different sub bands at the same level of the wavelet pyramid and employed a vector HMM
model. Intended for the HMM tree structure, they optimized an embedding strategy. They enhanced
the performance by employing the dynamical threshold schemes. The performance of the HMM
based watermarking algorithm against Stir mark attacks, such as JPEG compression, adding noise,
median cut and filter was radically enhanced.
A multi–resolution watermarking method based on the discrete wavelet transform for copyright
protection of digital images was presented by Zolghadrasli and S. Rezazadeh [21]. The watermark
employed was a noise type Gaussian sequence. Watermark components were added to the
significant coefficients of each selected sub band by considering the human visual system in order to
embed the watermark robustly and imperceptibly. They enhanced the HVS model by performing
some small modifications. The extraction of the watermark involved the host image. They measured
the similarities of extracted watermarks using the Normalized Correlation Function. The robustness
of their method against wide variety of attacks was illustrated.
An entropy–based method for

User-Friendly Excel Spreadsheet Creation
Introduction In order for end users to carry out calculations and produce reports in a 'user friendly'
method, an excel spreadsheet has been created. This report explains how this spreadsheet is created,
how the spreadsheet works and also the benefits of this spreadsheet. 1 Business Issues As instructed
by AID an information system is needed to assist staff to carry out calculations and produce reports.
However, there were some issues to be considered during planning. Issues to be considered include
cost to build the school, advertising cost, government support and loans. 1.1 Cost Cost is a factor as
different schools built in different countries incur different cost; this also includes the cost for the
teachers and also the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
After obtaining the total cost of each construction for the respective schools to be built, the system
also allows the user to obtain the amount of government support that AID can get and also provide
the shortfall of fund that is needed that could be obtain as a loan from the bank. In order to ensure
data are input correctly, the project supervisor will be in–charge of keying the data into the system
and the information will be verified by the project manager. Once data has been entered and
verified, the management of the developer would then be able to view all the relevant cost for the
campaign, the amount of government support obtainable and also the loan period or monthly
repayment amount. 3 AID Spreadsheet Report 3 Benefits of Implementing the System With this
system, AID will be able to compute and obtain the total cost to be incurred for every planned
project; this will help AID with their financial planning and provide clear and detailed cost
information for more efficient budgeting of cost. In addition, this system will reduce the time spent
by project team on calculating the cost of the project manually and at the same time ensure data
accuracy as the computations are perform automatically by the system thus reducing human
computation error. With the system implemented, only the project supervisor is required to input the
data into the system, as

Model Driven Architectures ( Soa )
Model Driven Architectures Introduction Service Oriented Architectures (SOA) is a design pattern
which involves using web services in order to perform various business operations. This type of
architecture enables applications to be more flexible and adaptable to changing business and
consumer requirements. A Software Product Line (SPL) is a set of software systems that share
certain common features in terms of their specifications, the market segment they are built for and
the principles they are built by. Service Oriented Architectures and Software Product Lines are two
concepts that led to the emergence of Model Driven Architectures. Model Driven Architectures
(MDA) is a concept that was developed by the Object Management Group (OMG) in 2001. [1] The
concept of Model Driven Architectures was developed in order to tackle the challenges presented by
complexity and change. Rapidly changing requirements and technologies introduce various changes
in software. These changes, in turn, result in the introduction of complexity in software or a family
of software. Model Driven Architectures attempt to connect platform–specific and platform–
independent implementations in a software product line. [4] MDA Concepts The standard
architecture for Model Driven Architecture involves certain concepts which are briefly explained in
this section. A software system consists of a set of components and/or applications that
communicate with each other. A model of such a system is its description

Advanced Level Of Technology And The Human Brain
Essay 1 Assignment With todays advanced level of technology, we contemplate and entertain the
thought of computers actually becoming intelligent through artificial intelligence and eventually out
perform the human brain. The problem is not just a struggle between the human brain and the
computer processing unit of a machine, but whether or not human engineering and programing is as
good or better than mother nature and evolution is or will ever be. The race to develop artificial
intelligence that is capable cognitive awareness ultimately turns into a battle between the
evolutionary process of nature and the accelerated progress of human science. However, science and
nature have vastly different ways in how they process information. Nature has produced intelligence
of the brain and awareness in one's self through evolution. Science is a product of the brain and
developed through the progression of human intellect . Any outside influence with the world and
stimulus in it is absorbed by the brain and interpreted before the information is transformed into
ideas and assembled into knowledge. As Alex Knapp describes the brain as "a parallel processing
network, that can actively change through influences by will or environment." (3) The rapid
development of highly sophisticated machines and understanding of science in our lifetime has been
nothing short of spectacular human innovation. With the great successes of the past a great number
of individuals believe that computers

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