Generalized Weak KAM and Aubry-Mather Theory Extension

A Study Of A Generalized Weak Kam And Aubry Mather Theory...
Here, we extend the weak KAM and Aubry–Mather theories to optimal switching problems. We consider three issues: the analysis of the calculus of
variations problem, the study of a generalized weak KAM theorem for solutions of weakly coupled systems of Hamilton–Jacobi equations, and the
long–time behavior of time–dependent systems. We prove the existence and regularity of action minimizers, obtain necessary conditions for minimality,
extend Fathi's weak KAM theorem, and describe the asymptotic limit of the generalized Lax–Oleinik semigroup.
Introduction
Overview. Dynamical systems given by Tonelli Lagrangians have been extensively studied in recent years. The deep connections between thecalculus
of variations, the weak KAM theory, and the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Recently, several authors have investigated random switching problems, their weakly coupled Hamilton–Jacobi equations [1], the corresponding
extensions of the weak KAM and Aubry–Mather theory [1], the long–time behavior of solutions [1], and homogenization questions [1]. In these
references, as in the present paper, the state of the systems has different modes. However, in those problems, the switching between modes is driven by
a random process. In contrast, here, the switches occur at deterministic times as considered [1]. Our results complement the earlier research in [1] and
provide the counterpart of the aforementioned results for the optimal switching problem.
Setting of the problem. Let [1] be a compact, connected Riemannian manifold, [1] its tangent bundle, and [1] a finite set of modes. The
(multimodal) Lagrangian, [1], is, for each [1], a Tonelli Lagrangian, [1], prescribing the running cost at the mode "[1]". The switching cost is given
by the function [1]. A trajectory, [1] determines both state and mode at each time. We denote by [1] the set of all absolutely continuous curves from
[1] into [1], and by [1] the set of all piecewise constant functions on [1] taking values on [1]. More precisely, [1] if there exists a partition [1] of [1]
such that [1]. In other words, [1] can jump in the interval [1] only at the times [1] (note that [1] is allowed to jump also at the initial and
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Kepler Space Telescope Essay
Exoplanets are planets that orbit a star outside of our own solar system. However, over the past two decades, thousands of exoplanets have been
discovered (Howell, 2015). NASA's Kepler space telescope, in particular, is responsible for most of these discoveries. Since its launch in March 2009,
the Kepler space telescope has discovered over a thousand alien planets–more than half of all known exoplanets to date (Wall, 2015, para. 1).
According to the Planetary Society (n.d.), planets only possess, "a fraction of the mass of a star, and as a result the nuclear fusion reaction that makes
stars "burn" does not take place" ("Exoplanets", para. 1). Without the "burn", these planets are essentially very dark and small compared to stars, which
in itself would make ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
However, NASA's Kepler space telescope is capable of detecting a planet–sized object orbiting a star, from dozens of lightyears away ("Search for
Exoplanets", n.d., para. 2).The discoveries made with the Kepler space telescope reveal that most of these solar systems resemble our own
("Extrasolar Planets", para. 2). In fact, the Kepler space telescope has had recent success in discovering Kepler–186f, an Earth–sized planet orbiting a
star (2015, para. 1). On April 17, 2014, the discovery of Kepler–186f (also known as 'Earth's cousin') reveals that the planet orbits a star within the
"habitable zone". According to NASA (2015), a habitable zone refers to, "the range of distance from a star where liquid water might pool on the
surface of an orbiting planet" (para. 1). Bolmont et al. discuss that the extent of this habitable zone naturally depends on the atmospheric conditions,
geological activity, and the dynamical environment of the planetary system ("Formation", 2014, para. 5). Given the former, if Kepler–186f has an
Earth–like atmosphere and some liquid water at its surface, and is of a suitable climate in comparison to Earth, then the planet is likely a habitable
environment (Quintana et al., 2014,

Braking Control System Design
This part of the book deals with the main aspects of both braking control. Specifically, the basic solutions to braking control systems design are
introduced based on the actuators, with continuous and discrete dynamics. When designing a control system the first step is to define the controlled
variable. Two possible choices will considered. It will be shown how wheel slip control is the natural choice in this case. The problem of how to design
the control taking into account the actuator dynamics and the activation/deactivation logic will not be explicitly addressed. Also, the use of an actuator
with discrete dynamics, which introduces limit cycles, won't be analyzed in this thesis. 6–2 Wheel Slip Control Commercial braking systems are based
on heuristic methods related to wheel deceleration. However, it is clear that the slip control problem is more suitable for the design of braking
controllers that are robust with respect to road surface variations, the design steps for the synthesis of a linear wheel slip controller will be presented
and discussed. The wheel slip control has a straight forward graphical interpretation (figure 6–3). It should be noted that whatever the value the
set–point , the regulation scheme guarantees the uniqueness of the equilibrium point. Also, as long as 0.1 0.2 the friction coefficient is close to its
optimal value for every road condition. That issue is very important since it allows the use of a fixed structure controller, with no need

Equation Lab Report
Substituting the value of variables in Table 3 to Equation (7), characteristic roots were obtained: О» = (в€’6.7028 + 0.0677i, в€’6.7028
– 0.0677i,
в€’0.0003 + 0.0442i, в€’0.0003 в€’ 0.0442i,
–0.0003) Г— 104. The real parts of О» are all negative values. Therefore, the system is stable and it is
also proved, as shown in Fig. 11. 3.4.2 Variable П‰1 fluctuating the constant C If the value of П‰1 fluctuates, the phase trajectory on the projection
plane follows the center point motion pattern. Moreover, the trajectory center point fluctuates with П‰1. Thereby, the 5DOF system could form the
helical trajectory, finally leading to chaos. 3.4.3 Results and Discussion In this section, the CPP method is presented to reduce the 5DOF system to the
2DOF system. In... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This analysis concludes that the four projection planes could reflect the characteristics of the original 5DOF system. 2.Through the characteristics
analysis of the coordinate plane and the electromechanical coupling equation, using П‰1 as the known parameter, the moving pattern of the id–iq and
О±–П‰2 subsystems were determined. Namely, if the variable П‰1 verge to a constant, then the other four variables verge to constant; if the
variable П‰1 holds wave nearby a constant, the other four state variables are not stable. Thus, the electromechanical coupling system can be fully
controlled by only controlling the П‰1 variable. 3.The system will exhibit a helical trajectory if the rotational speed of the PMSM is unstable; and
the system will exhibit stable behavior if the rotational speed of the PMSM is going to be stable. Therefore, parameters were chosen to stabilize the
rotational speed of the PMSM in order for the coupling system to exhibit a stable behavior. This study used the CPP method, which is only used in the
power system up to now. Through

Dynamical Systems Theory
In addition to using various information to provide augmented information about performance during competition and practice, a significant task for
sport performance analysts is to identify and measure key performance variables that are statistically associated with successful sports performance
outcomes. This unfortunately promotes rudimentary understanding of sports performance and provides little information about the underlying
behaviors that produce these outcomes (McGarry, 2009). In recognition of this issue, the constraints–based framework was outlined to serve as an
alternative process oriented approach to sports performance analysis (Glazier, 2010). To reiterate the purpose of this literature review, the dynamical
systems theory explains... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
From this new perspective, variability of performance has been viewed as more functional, since a consistent outcome can be achieved by a different
patterns of joint relations owing to the dynamics of the joint biomechanical degrees of freedom (DOF). A feature of a chaotic system, like that of a
high speed game in which ACL injuries occur, is that deterministic processes can drive fluctuations in system and motor output that might seem
random. Noise may have a positive role in preventing a system from becoming too stable in complex environments so that functional movement
solutions may be found during exploratory behavior of athletes during that specific time prior to injury in an effort to prevent injury. The fundamental
problem for movement systems is the process of mastering the redundant degrees of freedom. Degrees of freedom, coined by Nikolai Bernstein, refers
to the biomechanical DOF that exceed the minimum number required to successfully accomplish any given motor task (Vereijken et al. 1992). In other
words, they are the number of independent coordinates required to uniquely describe the configuration of a system, providing flexibility and security in
adapting to changing environmental conditions. As our motor system develops, humans rigidly and spastically fix joint

Myth Of The Ant Queen Analysis
Establishing nonhierarchical roles within a system is often debated as an efficient method for internal innovation and stability. In Steve Johnson's essay
"Myth of the Ant Queen," Johnson describes a phenomena known as emergent behavior, "large patterns of uncoordinated local actions" which is
prevalent in systems with nonhierarchial roles (199). The concept of emergent behavior is a useful, however inaccurate, means of categorizing a system
's structure; a self–organizing system must have some origin or initial degree of coordination or organization in order to properly function. Furthermore,
Cathy Davidson's essay "Project Classroom Makeover," challenges the current educational paradigm with an administrative and societal call–to–action
through the iPod experiment. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Therefore, Davidson's educational experiments cannot be understood as examples of Johnson's ideas of emergent behavior because of educators' and
not the students', abilities to maintain and regulate the self–preserving educational paradigm. However, her ideas will also fail to eliminate hierarchial
roles in the classroom...
A system's self–organizing facade oftentimes disguises its ulterior motive of self–preservation as a form of emergent behavior. In Johnson's essay, he
observes an ant colony that appears to think and function in a nonhierarchial, self–organizing format to serve their queen ant. However, the colony
functions in a genetically–coordinated fashion, "Their genes instruct them to protect their mother, the

Hydraulic Turbine Systems With Elastic Water Column Under...
In this paper, a new probability shaping control method is investigated for hydraulic turbine systems with elastic water column under stochastic
excitations. First, a dissipated Hamiltonian model is presented for the hydraulic turbine system by utilizing the method of orthogonal decomposition
and feedback theory. Furthermore, in order to obtain a pre–specified stationary probability density function (SPDF) of turbine system output, a
probability shaping control method is designed based on the technique for obtaining the exact stationary solutions of the dissipated non–integrable
Hamiltonian systems. In addition, the Lyapunov function method is employed to prove the transient PDF of the controlled system do converge to the
pre–specified SPDF. Finally, system simulation shows effective control results under the proposed control strategy. Hydraulic turbine is a widely used
governing system in hydroelectric plants. It can constantly adjust the active power output of hydroelectric generating set to guarantee the safe
operation of power generation according to different system requirements. The control for hydraulic turbine plays a key role to retain the stability of
the electric power system. Other than the early research on the linear model of hydraulic turbine, the nonlinear model–based studies are exploited
actively in decades. Most nonlinear models rely on modern control theories, the main idea of which is that the nonlinear nominal model without
disturbance of power

What Are The Elastic And Electromagnetic Properties...
As shown in examples 1–3, the elastic and electromagnetic properties inverted in the individual inversion have a significant difference in the model
structures, and this may be caused by the accuracy of the initial models, the parameter contrast between the target objects and surroundings, the choice
of inverted frequencies or the arrangement of the acquisition system. Interpreting the structure of the study areas through these individual inversion
results is difficult. However, the explanation becomes easier when combining these results with the joint inversion. In the joint inversion, all the
parameter models resemble each other, and the boundaries of anomalies are constructed clearly. All the parameters are used to construct the final...
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4.3 Error comparison
The errors of the inverted models were calculated to quantitatively compare the accuracy of individual and joint inversions. The errors within the
P–wave velocity and permittivity model are basically unchanged in the individual and joint inversions, whereas the error within the conductivity model
in the joint inversion is less than that in the individual inversion. As shown in the Example 1, the structures of P–wave velocity and permittivity model
are slightly altered in the joint inversion. Therefore, the errors in these two models also changed slightly. However, the structure and parameter values
of the conductivity model are significantly altered in the joint inversion in a way to significantly improve the error of this model. In this joint FWI
procedure, the cross–gradient terms are controlled by small weighting factors and cannot dominate the optimization of parameters. Therefore, the
structure of each model will change towards those of other models, if the enforced structural constraint is beneficial for the optimization process. In
contrast, the effect of structural constraint will decrease during iteration, if it hinders the

How To Demonstrate The Oscillatory System In Human Behavior
Identify some piece of human behavior that might be explained in a way that makes reference to the entrainment of oscillators. Briefly explain your
reasons for choosing this example.
An example of oscillations in the human system is one's heartbeat. The human heart pumps in a repetitive and rhythmic way, creating a heartbeat. What
creates and oscillatory system in the human heart is the contractions that are created by the movement of blood within and out of the blood. This
rhythmic beating only comes to a complete stop at the state of one's death. I choose the heartbeat to demonstrate the oscillatory system within human
behavior because the heart is a vital part of the human body.
2) Explain one advantage and one disadvantage to the use of holographic representations, for the encoding of knowledge in a cognitive system.
One disadvantage of holographic representations is that they are very complicated and this prevents the regulatory use of holographic representations.
Holographic representations are hard to come by on a regular basis, there are not a lot of things that can be placed into a holographic representation.
On the other hand, holographic representations have their advantages for encoding knowledge in a cognitive system because it allows for all of the
individual aspects within a cognitive system to represent the cognitive system as a whole.
3) Produce two example sentences in which there is an ambiguity created by an anaphor that has more than one possible

Gke4 Task 1
PROBLEM SET 1
Introduction
Throughout this problem set I will analyze the effects of compound interest. I will start with problem one assessing as to whether or not a Private in
my platoon can afford a brand new vehicle. I will develop a discrete dynamical system to calculate the amount of capital left in the loan at any given
month. To assess if my discrete dynamical function is accurate I will interpret my model through graphs and make sure the answer is logical. I will
find out how much my soldier can afford and any other question asked. If this does not coincide with the amount the actual payment will be I will give
him another recommendation.
Question 1A To complete this first question we first had to make some assumptions. One of the assumptions is that this Private is in fact a PFC, as a
PFC he would be making about $22,165.20 ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The givens and assumptions are all of the values included in the above equation. The equation above also highlights what we needed to find, the discrete
dynamical system, and the plan was to make assumptions, analyze the givens, and substitute all the given values into the general discrete dynamical
system equation. To further understand the amount the Private will owe over the next year we have made the following chart. Figure 1. Time– series
scatter plot of the balance still remaining on a loan taken out at a 15% interest rate with a monthly payment of $369.42. The figure above shows that
the Private will not be paying enough per month with the $369.42 in order to pay off the loan in the 60 months provided. The interest rate is too high
for the payment amount to pay off the loan balance in time. The graph is diverging from the initial value, and will eventually pay of the balance, just
not in the allotted time amount. This can be represented through the graph and the following limit notation.

Cyytoprotective Role Of DJ-1, Mitophagy And Cell Death
DJ–1 protects against mtDNA damage, mitophagy and cell death. DJ–1 is a multifunctional protein that protects cells from oxidative stress via several
molecular processes including regulating gene transcription, mediating cell signal transduction pathways, stabilizing cytoprotective proteins and
scavenging ROS (3). DJ–1 is expressed in human primary alveolar type II cells (preliminary data) and we have recently postulated that plays a role in
the antioxidant defense system in the lung (REF). The importance of DJ–1 can be supported by several observations. First, DJ–1 mutations are
pathogenic (4), second, oxidation of cysteine and methionine residues within DJ–1 was reported as a sensor of its activity (5) and third, the novel
oxidized... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Research Plan
Preliminary Results
Isolation of human primary ATII cells.
We will isolate ATII cells from de
–identified control organ donors whose lungs were not suitable for transplantation and donated for medical research
through Temple Biobank in collaboration with Dr. Gerard Criner (Temple University, letter attached) as we previously described (7, 9, 10). For ATII
cell
isolation, we used magnetic microbeads (Miltenyi, Biotec Inc.) and epithelial cell adhesion molecule (Ep–CAM) positive selection. Purified ATII cells
display about 90% purity as detected by staining with pro–surfactant protein C (proSP–C) and ATII280, which are specific ATII cell markers (Fig. 2). In
this grant proposal, we plan to use ATII cells isolated from at least 12 non–smoker and 12 smoker control lung donors and 12 patients with emphysema
(GOLD IV). Lung tissue from individuals with this disease will be obtained in collaboration with Dr. Criner.
DJ–1–Cys106–SO3– in patients with emphysema. Initial proof of concept studies were performed in ATII cells obtained from patients with
emphysema in comparison with control lung donors. We found high expression of DJ–1–Cys106–SO3– in ATII cells obtained from individuals with
this disease using a specific DJ–1 antibody (AbDSerotec; Fig. 3). The presence of this DJ–1 form was confirmed by mass spectrometry analysis; and
we did not find this modification in control ATII

Principles of Anti-lock Braking System
Principles of Anti–lock Braking System The reason for the development of anti–lock braking system is very simple. Under braking, if one or more of a
vehicle's wheels lock then this has a number of consequences: a) braking distance increases, b) steering control is lost, and c) tire wear will be
uncommon. The tangible outcome is that an accident is more likely to occur. The application of brakes creates a force that impedes a vehicles motion
by applying a force in the opposite direction. During severe braking scenarios, a point is obtained in which the tangential velocity of the tire surface
and the velocity on road surface are not the same such that an optimal slip which corresponds to the maximum friction is obtained. The ABS controller
must deal with the brake dynamics and the wheel dynamics as a whole plant. A locked–up wheel provides low road handling force and minimal
steering force. Therefore, the main benefit of ABS operation is to maintain directional control of the vehicle during emergency braking. Anti–lock
Braking System Control The designer of the Anti–lock Brake controller has to face severe difficulties while designing the system: For optimal
performance, the controller must operate at an unstable equilibrium point Depending on road conditions, the maximum braking torque may vary over a
wide range The tire slippage measurement signal, critical for controller performance, is both highly uncertain and noisy On rough roads, the tire slip
ratio

POS 543: A Comparative Analysis
The purpose of this paper is to summarize, assess, and synthesize nine chapters across two primary texts listed as the required reading for the third week
of POS 543. First, I'll focus on the central themes discussed in the readings related to open systems, structures, and organizational environments.
Second, I will discuss the strengths and weaknesses of the various contributions of relevant organizational theories and concepts to open systems,
structures, and organizational environments. The required reading for week three continued building on earlier schools of thought on organizational
environments and systems with particular emphasis on open systems. Although the central themes to this collection of readings concentrate on open...
Blau and Scott (2016) devised a set of qualities they argued delineated a formal organization from a truly informal organization. They quickly confirmed
that social organizations would not conform to the characteristics of a formal organization. Formal organizations emerge when there is "an explicit
purpose to achieve certain goals" (Blau and Scott, 2016, p. 175). Size and complexity as well as the existence of an administrative structure help to
portray a formal organization. Other factors that characterize a formal organization include the intensity of the bureaucracy and hierarchy within the
organization. Of note, Blau and Scott indicated that "formal organizations are man–made" (2016, p. 177) unlike social or informal organizations.
Unexpectedly, they confirm that "informal organizations arise in every formal one" (Blau and Scott, 2016, p. 175). The formal organization is "the
organization", not the informal one that exists within; however, it is vital to understand the nature of the informal organization and attached social
relations and unofficial norms (Blau and Scott,

The Impact Of The Internet Of Things
With the click of a button or a tap on a screen, you can discover profound knowledge, it navigates you to where you need to go, or it even tells you
miscellaneous things such as which place to go to get the best pumpkin spice latte. The Internet of things has significantly impacted everyday lives and
continues to develop throughout generations. It refers to pertinent things such as the ever–growing networks of everyday physical objects, and other
internet–enabled systems and devices which process and analyze large and fast–moving data set along each other. To sum it up, theinternet of things is
a fast growing network of materials where everything is synced and can collect as well as exchange data using sensors that are embedded in devices.
Although individuals believe that the Internet of Things (IoT) consequently, will strip every one of privacy and security, the internet of things ought to
be utilized in society as it positively transforms the way you live and relate to our environment to make it more productive and useful for us.
The concept of the internet of things abbreviated as IoT was introduced as early as the late 90's by Kevin Ashton, the Executive Director of Auto–ID
Labs and a professor at Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Now, "the Internet of things is already a disruptive technology capable of determining
fundamental changes that are happening in everyday life, and it is considered the fourth industrial revolution." (Hucanu) The Internet of Things (IoT)

IC Solution: Business Analysis
IC Solution is known as being an advanced technology company through which inmates have access to phone services, which enables inmates to be
able to communicate with friends and family. It is an excellent communication service which gives solutions to prisoners. The service allows for them
to book release when they need to do so. IC Solution offers numerous services to prisoners like creating an account, leaving voice messages, video
chatting and purchasing different phone services. If you are an inmate here are several ways through which you can save on your phone bill. An
inmate can make a phone call through a third party who offers prepaid calling account to prisoners. IC Solution is the dominant company which deals
with such services.

King Conceptual System Theory
An Overview of the Conservation Model and the Conceptual System Theory Everything in life has a purpose for their existence, and each human
being is valued for their strength, knowledge, power but a lack of capability for interacting with their surroundings can bring many obstacles in their
way in other for the meaningful and desirable goals to be reached. King's Theory of Goal Attainment bring a great concentration on the
accomplishments of certain life goals and this can only happen if the nurse and the patient has the capacity to communicate and work together, and
only then these life goals can be achieved (George, 2011).
Levine's model encourages the use of adaptation and maintains integrity, energy through the process of conservation. This is can be done with the help
of nursing care and nursing involvements. With encouraging conservation, a nurse can assist in promoting the person's well– being (George, 2011).
Kings Conceptual System Theory King had many believe based on his Conceptual System Theory, he believes that each person views and interprets the
world as an entire being in making transactions with individuals and things in their surroundings. He also believes that the exchange or interaction
represents a life situation in which the interpreter and what is being interpreted unexpectedly experiences and in which the individual enters the situation
as a dynamic partaker and is individually changed in the process of these

Structural Family Theory Literature Rev Essays
Structural Family Theory Literature Review
Structural family theory is a technique employed by social scientists that offers perspectives and tactics that strengthen and examine the familial unit
(Walsh, 2014). Developed by Salvador Minuchin, structural family theory looks at the unspoken rules within a family and how they affect the
organization of the unit. It is the job of the social worker to accurately identify the patterns, presented rules, and their effect on the family. Structural
family theory encompasses many concepts; a few of them being, subsystems, boundaries, and rules. Subsystems refers to the functional, normal
interactions and alliances between two or more members within a family system (Walsh, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It is important that there be a clear parent–child role distinction during the divorce process for the adolescent. Secondly, "adaptability refers to a
dimension of family flexibility in which the extremes are characterized by chaos and rigidity (Abelsohn, 1991)." According to the authors, it is
important that the parents create a new family structure similar to the preexisting structure to eliminate culture shock or discourage adaptability.
Though this may not be an option, it is important to the adolescent's adjustment health that the transition from one family structure be as seamless as
possible. Lastly, "generational hierarchy implies that the family is a hierarchical, 'non–democratic' organization (Adelsohn, 1991)." Along with these
three factors, the authors identified that adolescents who underwent therapy post–separation were better adjusted than those who did not receive
treatment.
Utilizing Structural Family Therapy and Systems Theory in the Business World Similar to a family unit, businesses operate and function off of a
balance of subsystems, rules, and authority. All organizations, at their foundation, mirror the structure and culture of a family system. Relative to the
business world, the

Personal Reflection
While reading Systems Thinking, The Systems View of Life and Learning as a Way of Leading, I felt as if I was experiencing many contradictory
things at once. I felt as if i was in the past and the future, i was growing and shrinking, peering into a microscope and peering through a telescope all
at the same time. I was taken on a journey through the micro and macro while weaving simultaneously through my own internal and external mental
models of the world. This immersive reading experience sparked a strong desire in me to seek new perspectives and try to understand what others
internal and external mental models look like, what they mean and what they feel like. The concepts and theories presented in the readings have
helped me to solidify some of my own thought processes and ways of thinking about the world so I can put them into action and apply new practices
into my community work and in turn create change. I do know one thing for sure, I want my contributions to be positive and go towards the common
good. The readings reminded about how interconnected everything and everyone is and how fragile life can be. The readings have reinforced my
desire to do good, be creative, think of others more than myself, but to not lose touch with self.
The readings have prompted me to infer that in order to be a compassionate and effective community leader I must put the following practices into
action; stay connected and current, think like a scientist, adapt, and practice patience.

Scheduling Manufacturing Operations
ABSTRACT
Without true finite capacity scheduling, any implementation for manufacturing execution, whether it is ERP, SCM, or MES, cannot realize the goal of
enterprise efficiency and agility. All aspects of OM for manufacturing execution fall behind the lead of FCS, which is the bridge between planning and
execution. Real tangible return on assets rests with FCS.
INTRODUCTION
Integrating a diverse collection of resources to accomplish a goal is an issue that has faced humankind since the first city arose and food and services
needed to be provided to the populace. The modern challenge for operations management (OM) is the speed and volume that data is presented to OM
systems. This explosion of data holds the promise of efficiency ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
WHAT WAS OLD IS NEW AGAIN
As mentioned in the introduction, operations management has been, and remains, one of the greatest organizational challenges throughout history. OM
arises from the need to coordinate diverse resources to meet the needs of a complex system. The concept of the plan–execute–control model, a
"discovery" made by analysts in the late 1990's, appears in the historical records of systems management, one of the earliest mentions circa 4th
century BC in China. One of the more versatile models in modern systems management appeared in 1977 as a result of a joint effort between Dr J.S.
Lawson of the Naval Electronic Systems Command and Dr. Paul Moore of the Naval Postgraduate School. Figure 2 shows the Lawson–Moore model,
adapted by the author for general resource management.
SENSE is the collection of raw data or other collateral information about the observed environment. PROCESS takes the data through the inference
hierarchy, integrating data within the context of the tasks required of the managed resources. The situation as best can be determined with the
resources is then compared to the DESIRED STATE. The DESIRED STATE is the result of planning, which drives the allocation of resources to
tasks. The plan exists in generalities, except for enterprises where goals are achieved with simple tasks assigned to few or

Unit20248 Assignment 1
COIT20248: Information Systems Analysis and Design
Term2, 2015
Assignment 1 – Systems Development
Lecturer: Akella Gopi
Tutor: Kayesh
Prepared by:
Darshitkumar Patel s0275395
Contents
1.Introduction2
2.Approach to Systems Development2
3. Systems Requirements3
4. Project Cost Benefit Analysis5
5. Project Schedule7
6. System Information Requirement Investigation Techniques9
7.Reflections and Conclusions11
8.References12
1.Introduction
The aim of this system analysis report is to provide an automated Book information system which has proper information in a relevant style; to which
they show on their current system and to present the proper information for an intended automated information system.
There are 5 major tasks ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
As there are many approaches for development for a medium sized company like Broadway bookshop, SDLC (System development life cycle) is

preferably the best method should to be adapted development.
The systems development life cycle is a conceptual model which is used in project management that is explains the stages one by one development
project, from starting to complete the application.
In general SDLC Methodology following these steps to make an automated bookshop system:
1)The existing system which is manually so it is been evaluated. Even all the Deficiencies are identified. It is done by interview with the users of
system and by consulting with them.
2)And it is defined the new requirement for the system even the deficiencies are addressed with specific proposal for improvement.
3)Then proposed system is been designed. Plans are prepared concerning with the physical construction, hardware, operating systems, and

Interplanetary Dust and Orbital Debris
INTERPLANETARY DUST AND ORIBITAL DEBRIS
Introduction
The interplanetary dust particles are sized in between few cm to molecules. The dust particles are charged with +ve charge due to solar wind. The
positive charge helps in reacting to the Lorentz force. The interplanetary dust grain population mainly originates in the main asteroid belt that is located
between 2 to 4 astronomical units (AU) from the Sun. Dust forms in collisions between bodies of diп¬Ђerent sizes and energies or may be carried in
by comets. 10 % of the dust formed by collisions in this area is transported towards the Sun via the Poynting–Robertson drag. The remaining 90 %
leave the solar system hyperbolic orbits as newly formed interstellar dust. Dust grain orbits are mainly inп¬‚uenced by gravity. Their orbital motion is
Keplerian. Most of the dust grains stemming from the asteroid belt orbit the Sun with low eccentricities and, thus, near–circular orbits.
Material properties of IDP
The Most of the dust in the inner solar system is assumed to originate from parent bodies orbiting in the Main Asteroid belt .the materials are divided
into 3 main Chrondrites 60%,Achrondrites 10% and Irons 30%. Chrondrites contains Mg, Al, Si, S, Ca, Cr, Mn, Fe and Ni.
IDP motion dynamics
The dynamics of interplanetary dust particles are determined by a variety of forces that
Can change the parameters of a dust grain's orbital motion. Very small IDP has perturbation by other forces. The P–R effect (pointing–Robertson effect)

Systems Model And Its Components Essay
Introduction Key performance indicators are utilized for the purpose of measuring the success of the organizational outcomes. An organization can use
key performance indicators measurements to evaluate areas, such as employee performance, employment turnover rates, or profit levels. The purpose
of this paper is to identify a systems model and its components, offer information about how systems model provides a comparison of different
organizations, discuss the Baldrige and AQIP programs, confer the difference between improving key performance indicators andsystem processes, and
pinpoint the difference between a study of organizational key performance indicators and a study of organizational processes.
A Systems Model and Its Components A system model is a model of a system broken down into subsystems. These subsystems make up a whole
organizational system; thus, they allow improvement in various areas ensuring that the organization is functioning according to its goals. Components
that make up an organizational system in a corporation that rely upon excellent customer service to measure growth include, evaluating the corporation
through its workers and feedback from customers. The stakeholder is the corporation and the stakeholder group is the workers. The process is customer
service. customer. An overlapping relationship is the result of this system. The corporation cannot thrive without workers and workers cannot thrive
without delivering excellent customer

Personal Statement On Decision And Risk Management
that I am really eager to take a learn about, and it is a class on decision and risk management. With that class I am hoping to gain the critical thinking
process needed to make big decisions financially and to lead my future employees and co–workers wisely when those decisions need to be made. I
know that to be a good engineer I will have to stay up to date on current events and advancements in the world of technology, and I believe that the
classes outlined in the academic plan of study will truly be a benefit to me in acquiring the necessary skills that this job will require. Although I have
researched the topic of my career choice in systems engineering extensively, I still have so many questions about it. I am eager to know how long it
will take for me to "climb the ladder" and work my way up through each job before I could potentially become something like a project manager. I
have decided to reach out to some people in this career that can better inform me on questions like this, because I want to fully know what it is that I
am getting into.
I know that to be a successful engineer, I will have to learn much more than just academic topics, and I am prepared to do so. I know I must learn
attention to detail, I must learn to make sense of hard and complex problems, I must learn to be a team player while leading along side of my
co–workers, and I must learn to form the excellent technical knowledge to figure out solutions to problems. A little mishap or error can ruin

What Is Structural, Dynamical, Or Thermodynamical Properties?
Most structural, dynamical, or thermodynamical properties in many materials certainly originate from complex interatomic interaction potentials. (––
removed HTML ––) (–– removed HTML ––) 1–3 (–– removed HTML ––) (–– removed HTML ––) An important aspect that needs to be clarified
concerns the specific impact of some key features of the potential such as softness, attraction, anharmonicity, well depth, or well location. Computer
molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are ideally suited to the pursuit of this question because they allow interactions between particles to be varied in
a systematic manner, thereby enabling the investigation of the effects of changes in individual variables to be conducted with a level of specificity not ...
A few examples are given below. Ahmed and Sadus (–– removed HTML ––) (–– removed HTML ––) 9 (–– removed HTML ––) (–– removed HTML
––) determined properties of fluids interacting via (–– removed HTML ––) n (–– removed HTML ––) –6 Lennard–Jones potentials with various n
values. The complete solid–liquid equilibria for these systems were obtained and the influence of the interatomic repulsive forces on the melting
temperatures was discussed. It could be noted that universality of melting curves for a wide range of inter–particle interactions [Yukawa,
Weeks–Chandler–Andersen (WCA), Lennard–Jones and Lennard–Jones–based, and Buckingham] has been suggested by Khrapak (–– removed HTML
––) et al. (–– removed HTML ––) (–– removed HTML ––) (–– removed HTML ––) 10 (–– removed HTML ––) (–– removed HTML ––) from simple
considerations. Interaction potentials and their effects on crystal nucleation and symmetry have been studied by Hsu and Rahman (–– removed HTML
––) (–– removed HTML ––) 11 (–– removed HTML ––) (–– removed HTML ––) in order to further clarify the effect of the interaction potential on the
forming crystalline structure. By playing on the interaction potential, it was shown that the symmetry of the nucleated phase could be changed to bcc
instead of fcc as seen in classical Lennard–Jones. Davidchack and Laird (–– removed HTML ––) (––

Dorothy Johnson's Theory Of The Behavioral System Model
The behavioral system model is a model developed by Dorothy Johnson. This theory was influenced by Florence Nightingale's book titled notes on
nursing and was developed using work of behavioral scientists in many disciplines such as psychology, sociology, and ethnology. This theory explains
that nurse's specific contribution to patient welfare is to foster an "efficient and effective behavioral functioning in the person, before, during, and after
an illness.
The theory sees a person as a system in which its parts interrelate with each other to form a whole to perform its functions. These interrelated and
interdependent parts are called subsystem which is analyzed and described in term of structural and functional requirement. There are seven subsystems
– attachment, attachment–affiliation, aggressive–protective, dependency, ingestive, eliminative, and sexual with each of them interrelated with the
others and its environment for three functional requirements – protection, nurturance, and stimulation. The four structural elements of the subsystem
include the following: drive (the ultimate cause of behavior), set (a tendency or predisposition to act in a certain way), choice (behavior to use in a
certain situation) and action (behavior of an individual). These requirements must be met through a person's efforts or with the outside assistance of the
nurse to maintain the integrity of the behavioral system.
Also, the model made some assumptions for a better understanding of the

Planetary Migration
Even today, scientists understand very little about the formation of Uranus and Neptune. This made scientists have stated that, "...the possibilities
concerning the formation of Uranus and Neptune are almost endless." However, it has been suggested that this planetary system evolved in a very
non–conventional manner, as described in the following lines. Planetesimals at the disk's inner edge occasionally passed through gravitational
encounters with the outermost giant planet, which calter the planetesimals' orbits. The planets scattered inwards the most of the small icy bodies that
they encountered, exchanging angular momentum with the scattered objects so that the planets move outwards in response, preserving the angular
momentum of the system. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
After several hundreds of millions of years of slow, gradual migration, Jupiter and Saturn, the two inmost giant planets, crossed their mutual 1:2
mean–motion resonance of orbital motion. This resonance increased their orbital eccentricities to such an extent, that it destabilized the entire planetary
system. The arrangement of the giant planets altered quickly and very radically. Jupiter shifted Saturn out towards its present position, and this
relocation caused mutual gravitational encounters between Saturn and the two ice giants, which subsequently propelled the planets Neptune and
Uranus onto much more eccentric orbits. These ice giants then ploughed into the planetesimal disk, scattering tens of thousands of planetesimals from
their formerly stable orbits in the outer Solar System. This disruption almost entirely scatters the primordial disk, removing almost 99% of its mass, a
scenario which explains the modern–day absence of a dense trans–Neptunian population. Some of the planetesimals were thrown into the inner Solar
System, producing a sudden influx of impacts on the terrestrial planets: yes! It is the Late Heavy

The Theory Of Goal Attainment
In 1981 Imogene King introduced her mid–range Theory of Goal Attainment (this theory has also been referred to as the theory of goal achievement
(Johnson and Webber, 2010)). This theory is based on the grand theory called the Conceptual System, also created by King (Frey et al: 2002). To
understand the more focused mid–range theory it is important to first quickly understand the conceptual system.
The conceptual system was created using systems analysis and systems theory literature (Johnson and Webber, 2010). It was originally referred to as a
conceptual framework, but King changed the terminology in 1997 to Conceptual System (Frey et al, 2002). The conceptual system focused on
decision making in nursing. It is organized around three systems; Personal Systems which pertain to the individual, Interpersonal Systems which
pertain to small groups, and Social Systems which pertain to the society as a whole. King saw these three interacting systems as part of the larger
decision making process of human beings (Frey et al, 2002).
The Theory of Goal Attainment is a middle range theory derived from King's Conceptual System. The Theory of Goal Attainment focuses on the
interactions between the personal, interpersonal, and social systems. Frey et al (2002) describes the central concepts of the theory as "perception,
communication, interaction, transaction, self, role, growth and development, stressors/stress, time, and space." Four specific concepts within the
theory; perception,

Psychological Facts About Elementary School Student Named...
Assignment #1 Person–In–Environment The case vignette that was assessed was about elementary school student named Charlie. Charlie's biological
factors include being 6 years old, African American, and male. It is unclear if Charlie was premature, and if his mother, Eloise, was taking prenatal
care during the pregnancy, which are also a part of Charlie's biological factors. In regards to the psychological facts, Charlie appears to be having
challenges interacting with the other children. Additionally, he becomes easily irritated and distracted, cries when someone tries to correct his
behavior, and constantly has tantrums. His usual bedtime and mealtime routine have changed since his mother is not always available to attend. The
social factors consist of his mother, step–father, aunt, and newborn sister. Additionally, moving in with his Aunt Eleanor and his school are social
factors. Due to his mother, Eloise, having depression, she was in psychiatric hospitalization for a while. After her release, Charlie moved with his
aunt in order for Eloise to spend time trying to recover from her depression. Ever since he moved with Aunt Eleanor, Charlie's developmental factors
have changed. Prior to moving with his aunt, Charlie was an actively involved child who was extremely social and reached his developmental
milestones at an expected rate, as well as possessing amazing language and social skills. It is imperative to be aware of these factors in Charlie's life

Observing Kepler's Three Laws Of Dynamicary Motion
The method of perturbations is a method of detecting other planets. For example, the discovery of the planet Neptune was discovered using
perturbation theory. According to Newton's laws of motion, the planets move in elliptical orbits about a common center of mass; in this case, the
center of mass (barycenter) of the solar system. In a simplified case, we can consider the 2–body problem; we have two point masses mutually orbiting
each other about their common center of mass (take the Earth–Sun system). Now, we want to determine the evolution of this dynamical system over
time. We know that the two point masses move according to Kepler's three laws of planetary motion and Newton's law of universal gravitation. I
would state these laws here but I don't want to be accused of copying so feel free to look them up in any physics textbook.
Now, what you will know notice is that over time as these two point mass particles orbit each other about their common center of mass, there will be
deviations from Newton's laws. One example of such a deviation would be the gravitational effects of a third point mass. Another example would be
corrections for general relativistic effects. Take, for example, the perihelion precession of Mercury. Yet another example... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Now, in the case of Neptune, we detected Neptune due to its gravitational effects on theplanet Uranus. Due to these gravitational effects, Uranus's orbit
deviated from what would be predicted by Newton's laws of motion. In the same vein, if we have some planet X in our system of N point masses
mutually orbiting about that system's common center of mass or barycenter, then we can use perturbation theory to calculate deviations from Newton's
laws of motion due to the gravitational effect of that planet on the other planets in the system, and thus detect the new

Personal Statement In System Biology
Since the encounter to 'Network Motifs' by Uri Alon's book 'Design Principles of Biological Networks' during my Integrated Masters at University of
Hyderabad; systems biology has immensely captivated me. Further in time; academic courses, workshops and projects guided me to unearth this as the
area that I want to pursue as my research. Although new, this field gives a holistic perspective to the historically reductionist outlook of the biological
systems.
While living organisms are interesting and exciting to think about, yet they have baffled scientists since the beginning. Now interdisciplinary groups
are working together address questions in these systems. I want to work on complexity of biological systems using dynamical systems theory and
network analysis. These approaches in systems biology give an insights into intricate events such as cell functions and diseases.
Though we have come a long ahead in 21st century, we still have before us an ordeal of the most grievous kind: disease. Diseases affect not only the
person physically, but also whole family emotionally and economically. Brief suffering from reactive arthritis stimulated me to join the search for an
answer to the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
R. Ramaswamy, Nonlinear Dynamics Lab, Jawaharlal Nehru University. The current internship under him has given me opportunities to look at some
interesting mathematical models in diverse fields. For instance, first project gives an insight into a portion of the current research being carried out in
dynamics of Complex Networks, in collaboration with Prof. B. Biswal, Delhi University. The project involves construction ofmathematical model of
dynamics of social networks incorporating Hebbian learning. With this, we are also working on multilayered network in ecological system with Dr S.
Prasad, JNU. Project aims at finding optimum time of Amla crop harvesting using agent based model simulations of Amla–Deer–Human network on
the top of field

Personal Statement Of Purpose By Mr. Thomas H. Huxley
STATEMENT OF PURPOSE 'The known is finite, the unknown infinite; intellectually we stand on an islet in the midst of an illimitable ocean of
inexplicability. Our business in every generation is to reclaim a little more land', these are the lines aptly said by Mr. Thomas H. Huxley. The
unyielding quest for boundless knowledge has been my motivating and driving force throughout my career pursuit. It's the same quest that prompted
me for higher studies. The dedication to finding solutions and a thirst for creating new tools to benefit humanity has molded me into a seeker of
advanced knowledge. I commence this statement with a bit of my personality which has a direct bearing on my academic pursuits. I have always felt
a strong need for achievement, which has been the motivating force behind whatever I have achieved in my academic career. My consistently
outstanding academic record ever since my school years has resulted in numerous prizes and certificates of merit. My strengths have been my
quantitative and analytical abilities which instilled in me a special interest for mathematics and physics. I had always been intrigued by science and
used to spend a lot of time learning and knowing it. This fascination for science and keen interest in the ever–growing world of technology motivated
me to take up engineering studies for my undergraduate and graduate study. I have always been in awe of the organized complexity of life's machinery
which

Australi The Great Ocean Road Serving As A Vital...
The picturesque qualities across the Surf Coast has been home to unique communities drawing in tourism for many years. The Great Ocean Road gave
way to settlement and tourism along the rugged coastline; The Great Ocean Road serving as a vital interstate travel and scenic route.
Comprising of pristine beaches, coastal and rural environments; the locality recognises the need to maintain and enhance Jan Juc – Torquay green
spaces and beaches (Figure 1 & 2).
Figure 1 (left), Jan Juc Surf beach, (source, Plan Book Travel, accessed 10 September 2016)
Figure 2 (right) TorquayVictoria (source, Australia Tour Guide, accessed 10 September 2016)
The Jan Juc – Torquay region is experiencing growth greater than the Victorian average (SurfCoast, 2012). The vision to house a diverse range of
dwelling types and accommodate for a broad demographic gives rise to the concern of overdevelopment without significant consideration given to open
space and natural system requirements. The localities natural environment is the core of the town 's assets and it is vital to manage development in a
manner that ensures key natural assets are protected (SurfCoast, 2012).
The consideration of 'Open Space' and' Natural Systems' in the Spring Creek Structure Plan will pave the road for a healthy, active and vibrant
community within the Jan Juc locality. With reference to the aforementioned vision and keeping in line with " Sustainable Futures Plan 2040"
(SurfCoast, 2016), it is important to recognise

Permanent Magnet Brushless Direct Current Motors
Permanent magnet brushless direct current motors Nowadays, because of the fast evolution of electronic device, The recent developments in
permanent magnet materials, solid state devices and microelectronic have led to the appearance of a new energy efficient drives using permanent
magnet brushless direct current motors (PMBLDCM). Brushless direct current (BLDC) motors are preferred as small horsepower control motors
because their efficiency is very high, the operation is in a silent mode, has a compact form, contains high precision, low maintenance, its structure is
simple, and has a large torque, etc. Hence, it is extensively used in national defense, aerospace, robotics, industrial process control, precision machine
tools, automotive electronics, household appliances and office automation [1]. However, the problems are found in these motor for variable speed
operation over last decades keeping technology growth in power semiconductors, microprocessors, adjustable speed drivers control schemes and
permanent–magnet brushless electric motor production have been joined to enable reliable, cost–effective solution for a wide area of adjustable speed
applications. As the name reveals, Brushless motors have no brushes and commutators. In direct current (brushed) motors, the switching of current in
coils of the armature is done using the combination of brushes and commutators but in the brushless, the commutation process is achieved with the help
of electronic circuit, which

The Motor Control Theory And The Dynamical Systems Theory
Comparison of Theories
According to Beek, Peper, and Stegeman (1995), "the motor control theories provide an explanation on how the nervous system will solve the degrees
of freedom problem and serve to direct movement command." The following theories are the generalized motor program theory and the dynamical
systems theory. The GMP theory "proposes that the movement plan is retrieved from memory within the central nervous system and neural instructions
are sent down to the effectors via the efferent pathways." The dynamical systems approach on the other hand, "does not propose a hierarchical control,
but suggests that movements emerge through self–organization of the interaction of the body and environment." It can be said that everybody's
"bodily movements occur in the context of the everyday functioning of people while realizing specific task goals." As a general, yet acquired rule,
"such movements involve the participation of multiple joints and limbs." Moreover, when in action, these body parts are "coordinated and are
brought into proper relation to one another as well as to the surrounding layout of surface." The coordination of these body parts may "look relatively
simple, as in picking up an object, or relatively complicated, as in juggling, performing an attacking forehand drive in table tennis or playing the
drums." To the psychomotor scientist or researcher, however, "all coordination is complex in that he or she is confronted with the challenge to explain

Structural Family Therapy: A Case Study
I.Introduction
II.Structural Family Therapy
a.Component parts of structural family therapy (Gehart, 2014)
i.Role of symptom in the family 131
1.Family as ineffectual challenger of system
a.Family unit is impassive, does not test symptomatic member in order to continue entangled or disconnected structure in the family.
2.Family as Shaper of individual's symptoms
a.Individuals within the family have their understandings and behaviors formed by the family structure. ii. Subsystems 131
1.There are multiple subsystems that happen in the family system
a.Couple
b.Parental
c.Sibling
d.Individuals
2.Influential subsystems outside of the family
a.Gender lines
b.Hobbies
c.Interests
d.Personalities
3.Important things to look at when ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Child oriented (Caners, 2000)
1.Children and adolescents are the core components in structural family theory. Since the beginning this model grew from working with children who
had psychosomatic and behavioral issues. For this reason, working with individuals and couples there is no model specifically for them, just that there
are the same basic concepts as with families just with special considerations. iv. Feminist analysis (Hadfield, 2000)
1.Power differences between sexes and the hierarchy from male to female are noticeable in structural family therapy model. The ideal power structure in
a family structure with two heterosexual parents has the male holding the uppermost power and position in the family. Furthermore, this model does
not take in to account stereotypes and norms within the society the family system is a part of.
2.It is said that women are seen as needing to take an expressive role where men are to take an executive role in order for the family system to remain

stable.
v.Cultural awareness (Hadfield, 2000)
1.When working with families from other cultures the therapist has to be careful when using concepts that are involved with structural family therapy.
For instance, when observing boundaries the therapist needs to remember that in some cultures these boundaries can be less distinct between family
members and

A New Energy Efficient Drives Using Permanent Magnet...
Nowadays, because of the fast evolution of electronic device, The recent developments in permanent magnet materials, solid state devices and
microelectronic have led to the appearance of a new energy efficient drives using permanent magnet brushless direct current motors (PMBLDCM).
Brushless direct current (BLDC) motors are preferred as small horsepower control motors because their efficiency is very high, the operation is in a
silent mode, has a compact form, contains high precision, low maintenance, Its structure is simple, and has a large torque, etc. Hence, it is extensively
used in national defense, aerospace, robotics, industrial process control, precision machine tools, automotive electronics, household appliances and
office automation [1]. However, the problems are found in these motor for variable speed operation over last decades keeping technology growth in
power semiconductors, microprocessors, adjustable speed drivers control schemes and permanent–magnet brushless electric motor production have
been joined to enable reliable, cost–effective solution for a wide area of adjustable speed applications. As the name reveals, Brushless motors have no
brushes and commutators. In direct current (brushed) motors, the switching of current in coils of the armature is done using the combination of
brushes and commutators but in the brushless, the commutation process is achieved with the help of electronic circuit, which diminishes the mechanic
losses and the efficiency

Family Pet Sdlc
Family Pets
No company can achieve full potentials without some form of planning. Companies of high worth and value have effective and efficient planning in
place to create harmony by aligning functions. In addition, planning can reduce confusing and fraustion throughout an organizations by providing
benchmarks from achievable milestones. One fracture of planning for companies is events. Some events are conferences, seminars, parties. The events
allows companies to grow and develop for many different reasons and purposes. The events require some organization of the announcement of the
events. After events have been planned and announced, a follow–up system must be in place to evaluate success. The following paper is an essay that
defines ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Diagram 1 displays three possible reason or purpose for an event to be an objective within the system of "Love." The purpose are for health, sales, and
facility needs that and objective would analysed and design before a scope and goal is established. The component of health as an objective is broken
down into a modularity of health, which is a scope aim at medication, nutrition, and grooming to improve stock or system function. In addition,
boundaries are form with components in the system "Love." Boundaries are defined as all the component contained for the system limits, which
separate the system from other system. The boundaries influence the system. The system "Love" can be separated from the system payroll because of
the purpose in the system's function to the system's environment. The purpose of "Love" forms boundaries based on standards, scope, environment, and
resources. In other words, it is the point of interface with a system that develops into boundaries. The interface is the point at which a system meets its
environment or where subsystems meet each others. However, the objectives to the system "Love" can be changes within the component of that
function to the system or outside of that function to the system because the interface of objectives is operations and input process. For example,

Cloud Essay
The dynamics of star–forming dust molecular clouds are indeed highly complex in nature. The cloud complexity appears not only because of irregular
morphological kinetics of the constituent massive dust grains, but also, because of diversified nonlocal gradient forces operating on multi–parametric
non–uniform domains, rich in collective degrees of freedom, actively responsible for redistribution of the cloud materials. The redistribution of the
cloud material leading to the initial stage of bounded structure formation is well–known as being triggered by dynamic transport processes of mass,
energy, and momentum via bimodal gravito–electrostatic instability mechanisms in partially ionized cloud plasma environs realizable in the interstellar
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Next, the same dynamical mode of gravito–electrostatic origin has been investigated by Karmakar and Haloi, but, in a magnetized plasma in the
presence of the complex fluid turbulence effects. (–– removed HTML ––) (–– removed HTML ––) 9 (–– removed HTML ––) (–– removed HTML ––)
The various values of the thermal–to–magnetic pressure ratio, widely termed as the plasma– (–– removed HTML ––) (–– removed HTML ––) (––
removed HTML ––) ОІ (–– removed HTML ––) (–– removed HTML ––) (–– removed HTML ––) , affecting the mode–evolution considerably, have
been estimated and clearly interpreted in judicious astrobasic cloud conditions, and so on. In another work, (–– removed HTML ––) (–– removed
HTML ––) 10 (–– removed HTML ––) (–– removed HTML ––) the same group has demonstratively reported that both the kinematic viscosity of the
constitutive dust fluids and nonthermality parameter (spectral kappa, the thermo–statistical power–law tail index) of the thermal species act as a
stabilizing (damping) agent against the gravity in similar environs, and so forth. After a circumspect panoramic survey in the literature, it can now be
seen that the nonlinear dynamics of the conjugational pulsational mode in nonthermal turbulent viscous co–rotating astrofluids has yet been remaining
an untouched, unaddressed and unexplored problem for years. (–– removed HTML ––) (–– removed HTML ––) The current paper is motivated by the
above realistic unavailable

Exoplanet Research Paper
Definition of a planet
In its resolution in 2006, the IAU classified the solar system bodies into three distinct categories:
(1) A planet is a celestial body that: (a) is in orbit around the Sun, (b) has sufficient mass for its self–gravity to overcome rigid body forces so that it
assumes a hydrostatic equilibrium (nearly round) shape, and (c) has cleared the neighborhood around its orbit;
(2) A dwarfplanet is a celestial body that: (a) is in orbit around the Sun, (b) has sufficient mass for its self–gravity to overcome rigid body forces so that
it assumes a hydrostatic equilibrium (nearly round) shape, (c) has not cleared the neighborhood around its orbit, and (d) is not a satellite;
(3) Other objects except satellites orbiting the Sun are referred to collectively as ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It can either be revolving around a stellar remnant or brown dwarf. The planet can also be a rogue planet (which do not orbit around a star) and can be
considered as an exoplanet.
Exoplanet classification is facilitated by the fact that a distinction in mass between planets and smaller bodies is not yet relevant. In contrast,
nomenclature is complicated by the problems of distinguishing planets from brown dwarfs. The IAU 2003 recommendation, by the working group on
extrasolar planets (IAU, 2003) is:
(1) Objects with true masses below the limiting mass for thermonuclear fusion of deuterium (currently calculated to be 13MJUPITER for objects of
solar metallicity) that orbit stars or stellar remnants are planets (no matter how they formed). The minimum mass required for an extrasolar object to be
considered a planet should be the same as that used in the solar system;
(2) Sub–stellar objects with true masses above the limiting mass for thermonuclear fusion of deuterium are brown dwarfs, no matter how they formed
nor where they are

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