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Tutorial DasarArsitekturJaringan GSM/UMTS  ejlp12@gmail.com, 30 July 2009
1G Generasipertama (1G) merupakansistemseluler analog. Jaringankomersialmulai 1998 Nordic Mobile Telephone (NMT) di Scandinavia danbeberapanegaradiEropa Advanced Mobile Phone Service (AMPS) di US, Australia, Asia Total Access Communications System (TACS) di UK danbeberapanegaradiEropa
2G Sistem wireless digital Kapasitas, utilitasspektrum, kualitassuarameningkat . Konsumsidayamenurun Standarisasi core network Mulaidikembanganlayanan data
2G 4 standarutama yang banyakdipakaiadalah: Global System for Mobile (GSM) communications danturunanannya.  GSM sepertijuga AMPS, menggunakanteknologi TDMA   Digital AMPS (disebutjuga D-AMPS, US-TDMA, IS-136, atau TDMA) Code-Division Multiple Access (CDMA) 2000 1x atau IS-95Jaringan IS-95 dikenaljugadengannamaCdmaOnedikembangkanoleh Qualcomm Personal Digital Cellular (PDC) atau PHSPertama kali bernamaJapanesse Digital Celullar (JDC) yang merupakanstandar 2G diJepang
GSM Padadasarnya GSM menggunakan band 900 MHz, tetapibeberapaturunan GSM menggunakan band 1800 dan 1900, yaitu:  Digital Cellular/Communication(?) System 1800 (DCS-1800 atau GSM-1800)  Personal Communication System-1900 (PCS-1900 atau GSM-1900)  European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) jugamembuatspesifikasiuntuk GSM-400 dan GSM-800
Digital cordless systems System initidakmemilikikomponenjaringan (network component), biasanyahanyaterdiridarisebuah base station dansejumlah handset. Lingkupareanya pun terbatasbiasanyahanyasatu area gedung. CT2,  Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunications (DECT), Personal Handyphone System (PHS).
2.5G GSM Peningkatan data rate per user (25kbps) Layanan Data (GPRS) denganpenambahan packet-switched core network CDMA IS-95B (64kbps)
2.75G/GSM EDGE (Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution) or EGPRS (Enhanced GPRS) Perbaikanpadajaringanakses radio GERAN (GSM EDGE Radio Access Network)  Perbaikanmodulasi 8-Phase Shift Keying (8PSK) kecepatanlebihtinggi 126-473,8 kbps kapasistastransmisi data lebihtinggi Kualitas audio streaming, video steraming, on line gaming. high speed download, hiqh speed network connection, push to talk, dll
3G Visi Universal global roaming Mendukungkomunikasi multimedia (voice, data & video) Peningkatan data rates 384 kbps saatbergerak 2 Mbps saat ‘diam’ Increased capacity (more spectrally efficient) IP architecture
3G Standard (IMT-2000) IMT-SC*  Single Carrier (UWC-136):  EDGE GSM evolution (TDMA);  200 KHz channels; sometimes called “2.75G” IMT-MC*  Multi Carrier CDMA:  CDMA2000 Evolution of IS-95 CDMA, i.e. cdmaOne IMT-DS*  Direct Spread CDMA:  W-CDMA New from 3GPP; UTRAN FDD IMT-TC**  Time Code CDMA New from 3GPP;  UTRAN TDD New from China;  TD-SCDMA IMT-FT**  FDMA/TDMA (DECT legacy)
3G/UMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS) distandarisaioleh 3GPP Teknologi W-CDMA (Wideband Code-Division Multiple Access) Peningkatankecepatanaksessampai 384 kbps danterus 1920- 1980 Mhzuntuk down link,  2120-2180 Mhzuntuk up link Using Wideband-AMR (Adaptive Multi-rate) for voice codec makes quality enchancement
3G/CDMA 2000  Distandarisasioleh 3GPP2 CDMA2000 1x (IS-2000 and IS-856) menggunakan 1.25 MHz,  data rates sampai 144 kbps (1X RTT)
CDMA Evolution
3.5G UMTS/HSDPA 3GPP Release 5 CDMA 1xEV-DO Revision B atau CDMA2000 3x
3.75G UMTS/HSUPA/HSPA 3GPP Release 6 CDMA 2000 1X EV-DV (Evolution of Data Voice) atau CDMA Release C & D (EV-DV) Tahun 2005 Qualcomm menghentikanpemengembangan EV-DV.
GSM, UMTS, IMS and beyond
GSM Architecture – Phase 1
GSM Sub-System Arsitektur GSM terdiridari 3 Sub-System yaitu:  Mobile Station (MS) atauteleponselular ME (IMEI) + SIM (IMSI)  Base Station Sub-System (BSS)  mengontrolhubungan radio (radio link) dengan MS  Network Sub-System (NS) atau Network Switching Sub System (NSS)  Operation Sub-System (OSS)
BTS tranceiver yang mendefinisikansebuahsel (cell)  menanganihubungan radio link dengan MS (pemrosesansinyal, transimisinyal, encoding dan decoding suara) berkomunikasidengan BSC menggunakanAter interface
BSC mengatur radio resource yang ditanganiolehsatu BTS ataulebih (RRM) menangani radio-channel setup, frequency hopping, handover antar BSC
MSC perangkatdasar switching (call handling) mengelola logical radio-link channel yang dibutuhkansaat call terjadi mengelola signaling protocol antara MSC-BSS mengatur inter-BSS atau inter-MSC handovers mengumpulkan data untuk charging sebuah MSC biasanyamenaganibanyak BSC
AuC Menyimpan parameter-parameter untukotentikasipelangganketikamenggunakanjaringan GSM, yaitu: Authentication Keys (Ki),  Algoritma A3  Algoritma A8 Menghasilkan 3 parameter otentikasi Signed Response (SRES),  RAND,  CipherKey (Kc)  Parameter otentikasitersebutkemudiandisimpannyadi VLR RAND = 128-bit random yang di-generate olehAuC SRES = 32-bit one-way hash dari RAND danKi yang dikalkulasidenganAlgoritma A3 Kc = 64-bit dari RAND danKi yang dikalkulasidenganAlgoritma A8
HLR Menyimpan data pelanggan, secarapermanendiantaranya IMSI, MSISDN supplementary service yang digunakan pembatasanlayanan (service restrictions) informasitentanglayananteleservicesdan bearer  lokasiterkinidari MS untuk call routing Beberapa data diupdatesecaraberkalamisalnyalokasi subscriber (VLR, Cell ID)
VLR VLR menyimpansementaradari data pelangganlokalataupelanggan roaming (MSISDN, TMSI) location area dimana MS teregister copy data dari subscriber dari HLR data yang digunakanuntukproses encryption  Men-generate MSRN
GSM Architecture – Phase 2/2+
Pembagian domain SC Domain PS Domain
SGSN (Serving GPRS Support Node) Penyimpansementara data subscriber (seperti VLR) Mobility management (attach/detach, location update) Otentifikasi, enkripsi Logical link management, Tunneling Routing packet (downlink) Charging/Billing
GGSN Penghubungke external PS networks (internet ataujaringan X.25) GTP Tunneling (menambahkanataumenghilangkan GTP dan layer protokoldibawahnya)
Additional Elements DNS Servers WAP Gateway Boarder Gateway SMSC MMSC RBT Server
UMTS Release 99 Difinalisasipadatahun 2000 GSM RAN (Radio Access Network) digantikan UTRAN (UMTS Radio Access Network), yaitu Menggunakan WCDMA sebagai air interface, tapijugamendukung GSM/EDGE/GPRS radio-access network. Pita frekuensi (bandwidth) yang lebihlebar Macrodiversity, soft handover UL/DL konfigurasi RAB yang lebihfleksibel Dedicated and shared resource usage Handovers dari/ke GSM
UMTS Release 4 Hampirtidakadaperubahanpada FDD Diperkenalkan Low ChipRate TDD Mendukung MMS Pemisahanantara user-plane (Transport) dan control-plane pada domain CS.  Pemisahantersebutdilakukandenganmemperkenalkanarsitektur Mobile Switching Server yaitumenggunakan MGW (Media Gateway) sebagaielemen yang mengatur user-plane dan MSS (Mobile Switching Server) sebagaielemen yang pengotrol MGW. Domain CS dapatberbasis IP (tidaklagiharus TDM/ATM)
UMTS R4 Architecture
UMTS Release 5  HSDPA menggunakan   Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request (HARQ),    link adaptation,  ordemodulasi yang lebihtinggiuntukmeningkatkanefisiensispektralyaitumenggunakan 16QAM   Hybrid ARQ   Turbo Codes  Core network mengalamiperubahanyaituadanyaarsitektur IMS (IP Multimedia Solution) denganmemperkenalkanjaringan yang berbasis IP danelemen-elemenfungsionalbaru yang mendukung VoIP (Voice overIP) yang menggunakanprotokol SIP (Session Initiation Protocol).  IP UTRAN (Layer 2 antara RNC dan GGSN tidakharusberbasis ATM)
UMTS R5/IMS Architecture
UMTS Release 6 HSUPA denganmenggunakan Enhanced Dedicated Channel (E-DCH)  Multicast and broadcast service menggunakan Multimedia Broadcast/Multicast Service (MBMS) Extended location based services (LBS), with built in anonymization PS streaming service with adaptation to available network resources (GERAN/GPRS, UTMS, WLAN) DRM Charging Management Framework (for extended payment system)
UMTS Release 7 Disebutjuga HSPA+ atau HSPA Evolved Ordemodulasi yang lebihtinggi (HOMs)  Multi-antenna techniques (MIMO) Arsitektur RAN: "one tunnels solution" (OTS), mulaimenuju Flat Architecture Optimasipada VoIP lewat HSPA
4G IMT-Advanced
UMTS Release 8 danselanjutnya LTE LTE-Advanced

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GSM/UMTS network architecture tutorial (Indonesia)

  • 1. Tutorial DasarArsitekturJaringan GSM/UMTS ejlp12@gmail.com, 30 July 2009
  • 2. 1G Generasipertama (1G) merupakansistemseluler analog. Jaringankomersialmulai 1998 Nordic Mobile Telephone (NMT) di Scandinavia danbeberapanegaradiEropa Advanced Mobile Phone Service (AMPS) di US, Australia, Asia Total Access Communications System (TACS) di UK danbeberapanegaradiEropa
  • 3. 2G Sistem wireless digital Kapasitas, utilitasspektrum, kualitassuarameningkat . Konsumsidayamenurun Standarisasi core network Mulaidikembanganlayanan data
  • 4. 2G 4 standarutama yang banyakdipakaiadalah: Global System for Mobile (GSM) communications danturunanannya. GSM sepertijuga AMPS, menggunakanteknologi TDMA Digital AMPS (disebutjuga D-AMPS, US-TDMA, IS-136, atau TDMA) Code-Division Multiple Access (CDMA) 2000 1x atau IS-95Jaringan IS-95 dikenaljugadengannamaCdmaOnedikembangkanoleh Qualcomm Personal Digital Cellular (PDC) atau PHSPertama kali bernamaJapanesse Digital Celullar (JDC) yang merupakanstandar 2G diJepang
  • 5. GSM Padadasarnya GSM menggunakan band 900 MHz, tetapibeberapaturunan GSM menggunakan band 1800 dan 1900, yaitu: Digital Cellular/Communication(?) System 1800 (DCS-1800 atau GSM-1800) Personal Communication System-1900 (PCS-1900 atau GSM-1900) European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) jugamembuatspesifikasiuntuk GSM-400 dan GSM-800
  • 6. Digital cordless systems System initidakmemilikikomponenjaringan (network component), biasanyahanyaterdiridarisebuah base station dansejumlah handset. Lingkupareanya pun terbatasbiasanyahanyasatu area gedung. CT2, Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunications (DECT), Personal Handyphone System (PHS).
  • 7. 2.5G GSM Peningkatan data rate per user (25kbps) Layanan Data (GPRS) denganpenambahan packet-switched core network CDMA IS-95B (64kbps)
  • 8. 2.75G/GSM EDGE (Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution) or EGPRS (Enhanced GPRS) Perbaikanpadajaringanakses radio GERAN (GSM EDGE Radio Access Network) Perbaikanmodulasi 8-Phase Shift Keying (8PSK) kecepatanlebihtinggi 126-473,8 kbps kapasistastransmisi data lebihtinggi Kualitas audio streaming, video steraming, on line gaming. high speed download, hiqh speed network connection, push to talk, dll
  • 9. 3G Visi Universal global roaming Mendukungkomunikasi multimedia (voice, data & video) Peningkatan data rates 384 kbps saatbergerak 2 Mbps saat ‘diam’ Increased capacity (more spectrally efficient) IP architecture
  • 10. 3G Standard (IMT-2000) IMT-SC* Single Carrier (UWC-136): EDGE GSM evolution (TDMA); 200 KHz channels; sometimes called “2.75G” IMT-MC* Multi Carrier CDMA: CDMA2000 Evolution of IS-95 CDMA, i.e. cdmaOne IMT-DS* Direct Spread CDMA: W-CDMA New from 3GPP; UTRAN FDD IMT-TC** Time Code CDMA New from 3GPP; UTRAN TDD New from China; TD-SCDMA IMT-FT** FDMA/TDMA (DECT legacy)
  • 11. 3G/UMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS) distandarisaioleh 3GPP Teknologi W-CDMA (Wideband Code-Division Multiple Access) Peningkatankecepatanaksessampai 384 kbps danterus 1920- 1980 Mhzuntuk down link, 2120-2180 Mhzuntuk up link Using Wideband-AMR (Adaptive Multi-rate) for voice codec makes quality enchancement
  • 12. 3G/CDMA 2000 Distandarisasioleh 3GPP2 CDMA2000 1x (IS-2000 and IS-856) menggunakan 1.25 MHz, data rates sampai 144 kbps (1X RTT)
  • 14. 3.5G UMTS/HSDPA 3GPP Release 5 CDMA 1xEV-DO Revision B atau CDMA2000 3x
  • 15. 3.75G UMTS/HSUPA/HSPA 3GPP Release 6 CDMA 2000 1X EV-DV (Evolution of Data Voice) atau CDMA Release C & D (EV-DV) Tahun 2005 Qualcomm menghentikanpemengembangan EV-DV.
  • 16. GSM, UMTS, IMS and beyond
  • 18. GSM Sub-System Arsitektur GSM terdiridari 3 Sub-System yaitu: Mobile Station (MS) atauteleponselular ME (IMEI) + SIM (IMSI) Base Station Sub-System (BSS) mengontrolhubungan radio (radio link) dengan MS Network Sub-System (NS) atau Network Switching Sub System (NSS) Operation Sub-System (OSS)
  • 19. BTS tranceiver yang mendefinisikansebuahsel (cell) menanganihubungan radio link dengan MS (pemrosesansinyal, transimisinyal, encoding dan decoding suara) berkomunikasidengan BSC menggunakanAter interface
  • 20. BSC mengatur radio resource yang ditanganiolehsatu BTS ataulebih (RRM) menangani radio-channel setup, frequency hopping, handover antar BSC
  • 21. MSC perangkatdasar switching (call handling) mengelola logical radio-link channel yang dibutuhkansaat call terjadi mengelola signaling protocol antara MSC-BSS mengatur inter-BSS atau inter-MSC handovers mengumpulkan data untuk charging sebuah MSC biasanyamenaganibanyak BSC
  • 22. AuC Menyimpan parameter-parameter untukotentikasipelangganketikamenggunakanjaringan GSM, yaitu: Authentication Keys (Ki), Algoritma A3 Algoritma A8 Menghasilkan 3 parameter otentikasi Signed Response (SRES), RAND, CipherKey (Kc) Parameter otentikasitersebutkemudiandisimpannyadi VLR RAND = 128-bit random yang di-generate olehAuC SRES = 32-bit one-way hash dari RAND danKi yang dikalkulasidenganAlgoritma A3 Kc = 64-bit dari RAND danKi yang dikalkulasidenganAlgoritma A8
  • 23. HLR Menyimpan data pelanggan, secarapermanendiantaranya IMSI, MSISDN supplementary service yang digunakan pembatasanlayanan (service restrictions) informasitentanglayananteleservicesdan bearer lokasiterkinidari MS untuk call routing Beberapa data diupdatesecaraberkalamisalnyalokasi subscriber (VLR, Cell ID)
  • 24. VLR VLR menyimpansementaradari data pelangganlokalataupelanggan roaming (MSISDN, TMSI) location area dimana MS teregister copy data dari subscriber dari HLR data yang digunakanuntukproses encryption Men-generate MSRN
  • 25. GSM Architecture – Phase 2/2+
  • 26. Pembagian domain SC Domain PS Domain
  • 27. SGSN (Serving GPRS Support Node) Penyimpansementara data subscriber (seperti VLR) Mobility management (attach/detach, location update) Otentifikasi, enkripsi Logical link management, Tunneling Routing packet (downlink) Charging/Billing
  • 28. GGSN Penghubungke external PS networks (internet ataujaringan X.25) GTP Tunneling (menambahkanataumenghilangkan GTP dan layer protokoldibawahnya)
  • 29. Additional Elements DNS Servers WAP Gateway Boarder Gateway SMSC MMSC RBT Server
  • 30. UMTS Release 99 Difinalisasipadatahun 2000 GSM RAN (Radio Access Network) digantikan UTRAN (UMTS Radio Access Network), yaitu Menggunakan WCDMA sebagai air interface, tapijugamendukung GSM/EDGE/GPRS radio-access network. Pita frekuensi (bandwidth) yang lebihlebar Macrodiversity, soft handover UL/DL konfigurasi RAB yang lebihfleksibel Dedicated and shared resource usage Handovers dari/ke GSM
  • 31. UMTS Release 4 Hampirtidakadaperubahanpada FDD Diperkenalkan Low ChipRate TDD Mendukung MMS Pemisahanantara user-plane (Transport) dan control-plane pada domain CS. Pemisahantersebutdilakukandenganmemperkenalkanarsitektur Mobile Switching Server yaitumenggunakan MGW (Media Gateway) sebagaielemen yang mengatur user-plane dan MSS (Mobile Switching Server) sebagaielemen yang pengotrol MGW. Domain CS dapatberbasis IP (tidaklagiharus TDM/ATM)
  • 33. UMTS Release 5 HSDPA menggunakan Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request (HARQ), link adaptation, ordemodulasi yang lebihtinggiuntukmeningkatkanefisiensispektralyaitumenggunakan 16QAM Hybrid ARQ Turbo Codes Core network mengalamiperubahanyaituadanyaarsitektur IMS (IP Multimedia Solution) denganmemperkenalkanjaringan yang berbasis IP danelemen-elemenfungsionalbaru yang mendukung VoIP (Voice overIP) yang menggunakanprotokol SIP (Session Initiation Protocol). IP UTRAN (Layer 2 antara RNC dan GGSN tidakharusberbasis ATM)
  • 35. UMTS Release 6 HSUPA denganmenggunakan Enhanced Dedicated Channel (E-DCH) Multicast and broadcast service menggunakan Multimedia Broadcast/Multicast Service (MBMS) Extended location based services (LBS), with built in anonymization PS streaming service with adaptation to available network resources (GERAN/GPRS, UTMS, WLAN) DRM Charging Management Framework (for extended payment system)
  • 36. UMTS Release 7 Disebutjuga HSPA+ atau HSPA Evolved Ordemodulasi yang lebihtinggi (HOMs) Multi-antenna techniques (MIMO) Arsitektur RAN: "one tunnels solution" (OTS), mulaimenuju Flat Architecture Optimasipada VoIP lewat HSPA
  • 38. UMTS Release 8 danselanjutnya LTE LTE-Advanced