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Optimising mining linkages for
Development
Creating, sharing and distributing value
for inclusive growth
Oil Gas Mine Conference,
Niamey, NIGER
20 – 24 November 2013
Isabelle Ramdoo
Deputy Programme Manager
European Centre for Development Policy Management (ECDPM)
Structure of Presentation
I Setting the scene: some facts and figures
II Enablers of economic transformation
1. Creating the conditions
2. Boosting linkages to create, share and distribute value
a.Productive linkages
b.Spatial Linkages
c.Knowledge linkages

ECDPM

Page 2
1. Setting the scene: Growth high and sustained
 Africa’s growth story in the past decade has reverse the trend of
the previous tragedy

E&Y (2013): Africa on the move
ECDPM

Page 3
Africa’s emerging markets
Eight out of ten fasters growers in Africa in
2012 according to WB

Source: Standard Chartered Inforgraphic
Source: Africa Pulse, World Bank, April 2014
ECDPM

Page 4
Growth still largely driven by commodity price and dependence
remain high

ECDPM

Page 5
Structural transformation remains weak: An imperative! Not a choice!

1. Sources of growth varies:
More than just natural
resources;
1. But insufficient economic
transformation: share of
manufacturing fell over time
2. Many social indicators did not
catch up as fast as the
economic ones – poverty still
too high, inequality increasing,
health and education fall short
of requirements etc..

Source: Ernst and Young (2013): Africa Attractiveness Survey 2013
ECDPM

Page 6
2. Enablers of economic transformation
1. Creating the conditions:
a) Setting up efficient institutional frameworks;
b) Addressing governance issues;
c) Providing a conducive business environment to reduce costs of doing
business;
d) Providing efficient public goods – infrastructure, energy, technology;
e) Addressing crippling effects of skills, technology, research and innovation
shortages and mismatches;
f) Managing expectations;
g) Ensure fair share of revenues and “follow the money” and manage
revenues and expenditures;
h) Striking the balance between investment and fiscal frameworks.

ECDPM

Page 7
2. Boosting linkages to CREATE, SHARE and DISTRIBUTE VALUE
Involving the mining industry in “growing the pie”: value creation and
distribution has large multiplier effects

It is not only about mining – it is about finding the other DRIVERS of growth –
within and outside the extractive sector with a view to create direct, indirect and
induced opportunities to create more value, jobs and economic prospects
ECDPM

Page 8
•

•
•

Adopt and implement coherent and well-sequenced industrial
policies: a strategic approach that require close collaboration with
all stakeholders – in particular with the business community
Sharing value: “grow the pie” together
Mining sector has large multiplier effects:

Source: Facts about mining ins South Africa (South Africa Chamber of Mines, November 2012), The Socio-Economic Impact of Newmont Ghana
Gold Limited (Newmont Ghana Gold Limited, June 2011), The economic contribution of large scale gold mining in Peru (World Gold Council,
Page
ECDPM 2012). South Africa: IDC and Quantec study
May

9
ECDPM

Page 10
a. Moving along value chain: Promoting productive linkages
within mining sector
•Current status is consequence of low productivity, insufficient medium
to large private sector; activities of mining companies are essentially
geared towards exports.
•Purpose in NOT to turn mining companies into manufacturing
companies, but rather to set the right enabling environment to
encourage entrepreneurs in developing manufacturing clusters.
•No “one-size-fits-all” policy strategy for industrialisation
•Requires to build competitive advantage by setting fundamentals right
and by pursing resource governance

ECDPM

Page 11
Strengthening industrial capabilities : Industrial devt in SSA has fallen short of GDP growth
since 1980
 Value added manufacturing contributes only
to 12.5% of GDP in SSA – half the
contribution of Asia
 SSA’s share of world exports remains too
small – top 5 African exporters (SA, Ghana,
Nigeria, Kenya & Zambia) make up only 1%
of world’s exports. Share of SA even
declined since 1980.

ECDPM

Source: E&Y (2013): Africa on the move: The quest for sustainable growth Page

12
Upstream and downstream linkages: Margin increases as value added increase
Mining cluster

High labour,
capital
intensity

ECDPM

Low labour, high capital
intensity

Manufacturing
cluster

Med to high labour and
capital intensity

Smile Curve

Source: Adapted from Stan Shih Smile Curve concept

Page 13
b. Linking mining sector to other productive sectors
Capitalising on agricultural potential
•

Agriculture and agri-business are the other big sector in Africa;

•

Continent has world’s largest area of uncultivated land

•

Yield is relatively weak – grew only on average by 0.8% per year
between 1980 – 2010

•

Weaknesses include weak market structures, weak market
connectivity, inadequate infrastructure (hard and soft); limited
access to capital, seeds, fertilizers, machinery etc for small
farmers

•

Creating value through support from mining companies – through
investment in innovative and productive activities to support
businesses living around the mines

ECDPM

Page 14
Spatial linkages: resource corridors to disenclave mining
sector
Infrastructure on the continent lags behind other countries
.

ECDPM

Page 15
Example: Potential/ current iron-ore projects in West Africa

Source: Company Reports, RBC Capital Markets – Extracted from Svensson K., SEGOM
ECDPM

Page 16
Visualizing the deficits: these are opportunities for use of
mineral products

ECDPM

Page 17
3. Knowledge linkages: reaping the demographic dividend
•

Creating job opportunities, supporting employability and job stability

•

Today, Africa’s growth is not sufficiently employment intensive nor
does it generate sufficient activities that will create productive
employment;

•

Africa’s biggest challenge: create stable and productive jobs.
Given its favourable demographic mix – continent will have largest
labour force in 2035;

•

Failure to do so: will work against the economic strength and result
in social and political unrest;

•

Transformative agenda should focus on diversifying growth sources
in labour-intensive sectors

ECDPM

Page 18
Knowledge linkages to address growing human resources
Urbanization: the next challenge

Africa’s youth budge: a demographic
dividend or time ticking bomb

ECDPM

Page 19
Thank you
Contact: Isabelle Ramdoo
ir@ecdpm.org
Website: www.ecdpm.org
www.slideshare.net/ecdpm

Page 20

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Optimising mining linkages for development: Creating, sharing and distributing value for inclusive growth

  • 1. Optimising mining linkages for Development Creating, sharing and distributing value for inclusive growth Oil Gas Mine Conference, Niamey, NIGER 20 – 24 November 2013 Isabelle Ramdoo Deputy Programme Manager European Centre for Development Policy Management (ECDPM)
  • 2. Structure of Presentation I Setting the scene: some facts and figures II Enablers of economic transformation 1. Creating the conditions 2. Boosting linkages to create, share and distribute value a.Productive linkages b.Spatial Linkages c.Knowledge linkages ECDPM Page 2
  • 3. 1. Setting the scene: Growth high and sustained  Africa’s growth story in the past decade has reverse the trend of the previous tragedy E&Y (2013): Africa on the move ECDPM Page 3
  • 4. Africa’s emerging markets Eight out of ten fasters growers in Africa in 2012 according to WB Source: Standard Chartered Inforgraphic Source: Africa Pulse, World Bank, April 2014 ECDPM Page 4
  • 5. Growth still largely driven by commodity price and dependence remain high ECDPM Page 5
  • 6. Structural transformation remains weak: An imperative! Not a choice! 1. Sources of growth varies: More than just natural resources; 1. But insufficient economic transformation: share of manufacturing fell over time 2. Many social indicators did not catch up as fast as the economic ones – poverty still too high, inequality increasing, health and education fall short of requirements etc.. Source: Ernst and Young (2013): Africa Attractiveness Survey 2013 ECDPM Page 6
  • 7. 2. Enablers of economic transformation 1. Creating the conditions: a) Setting up efficient institutional frameworks; b) Addressing governance issues; c) Providing a conducive business environment to reduce costs of doing business; d) Providing efficient public goods – infrastructure, energy, technology; e) Addressing crippling effects of skills, technology, research and innovation shortages and mismatches; f) Managing expectations; g) Ensure fair share of revenues and “follow the money” and manage revenues and expenditures; h) Striking the balance between investment and fiscal frameworks. ECDPM Page 7
  • 8. 2. Boosting linkages to CREATE, SHARE and DISTRIBUTE VALUE Involving the mining industry in “growing the pie”: value creation and distribution has large multiplier effects It is not only about mining – it is about finding the other DRIVERS of growth – within and outside the extractive sector with a view to create direct, indirect and induced opportunities to create more value, jobs and economic prospects ECDPM Page 8
  • 9. • • • Adopt and implement coherent and well-sequenced industrial policies: a strategic approach that require close collaboration with all stakeholders – in particular with the business community Sharing value: “grow the pie” together Mining sector has large multiplier effects: Source: Facts about mining ins South Africa (South Africa Chamber of Mines, November 2012), The Socio-Economic Impact of Newmont Ghana Gold Limited (Newmont Ghana Gold Limited, June 2011), The economic contribution of large scale gold mining in Peru (World Gold Council, Page ECDPM 2012). South Africa: IDC and Quantec study May 9
  • 11. a. Moving along value chain: Promoting productive linkages within mining sector •Current status is consequence of low productivity, insufficient medium to large private sector; activities of mining companies are essentially geared towards exports. •Purpose in NOT to turn mining companies into manufacturing companies, but rather to set the right enabling environment to encourage entrepreneurs in developing manufacturing clusters. •No “one-size-fits-all” policy strategy for industrialisation •Requires to build competitive advantage by setting fundamentals right and by pursing resource governance ECDPM Page 11
  • 12. Strengthening industrial capabilities : Industrial devt in SSA has fallen short of GDP growth since 1980  Value added manufacturing contributes only to 12.5% of GDP in SSA – half the contribution of Asia  SSA’s share of world exports remains too small – top 5 African exporters (SA, Ghana, Nigeria, Kenya & Zambia) make up only 1% of world’s exports. Share of SA even declined since 1980. ECDPM Source: E&Y (2013): Africa on the move: The quest for sustainable growth Page 12
  • 13. Upstream and downstream linkages: Margin increases as value added increase Mining cluster High labour, capital intensity ECDPM Low labour, high capital intensity Manufacturing cluster Med to high labour and capital intensity Smile Curve Source: Adapted from Stan Shih Smile Curve concept Page 13
  • 14. b. Linking mining sector to other productive sectors Capitalising on agricultural potential • Agriculture and agri-business are the other big sector in Africa; • Continent has world’s largest area of uncultivated land • Yield is relatively weak – grew only on average by 0.8% per year between 1980 – 2010 • Weaknesses include weak market structures, weak market connectivity, inadequate infrastructure (hard and soft); limited access to capital, seeds, fertilizers, machinery etc for small farmers • Creating value through support from mining companies – through investment in innovative and productive activities to support businesses living around the mines ECDPM Page 14
  • 15. Spatial linkages: resource corridors to disenclave mining sector Infrastructure on the continent lags behind other countries . ECDPM Page 15
  • 16. Example: Potential/ current iron-ore projects in West Africa Source: Company Reports, RBC Capital Markets – Extracted from Svensson K., SEGOM ECDPM Page 16
  • 17. Visualizing the deficits: these are opportunities for use of mineral products ECDPM Page 17
  • 18. 3. Knowledge linkages: reaping the demographic dividend • Creating job opportunities, supporting employability and job stability • Today, Africa’s growth is not sufficiently employment intensive nor does it generate sufficient activities that will create productive employment; • Africa’s biggest challenge: create stable and productive jobs. Given its favourable demographic mix – continent will have largest labour force in 2035; • Failure to do so: will work against the economic strength and result in social and political unrest; • Transformative agenda should focus on diversifying growth sources in labour-intensive sectors ECDPM Page 18
  • 19. Knowledge linkages to address growing human resources Urbanization: the next challenge Africa’s youth budge: a demographic dividend or time ticking bomb ECDPM Page 19
  • 20. Thank you Contact: Isabelle Ramdoo ir@ecdpm.org Website: www.ecdpm.org www.slideshare.net/ecdpm Page 20