SlideShare a Scribd company logo
1 of 66
Download to read offline
Office Plug Loads:
      Energy Use and
   Savings Opportunities
Sponsored by the California Energy Commission
   Public Interest Energy Research Program

   David Weightman, Energy Commission Specialist
           California Energy Commission
           dweightm@energy.state.ca.us

          Jenny Field, Marketing Manager
                     E Source
             jenny_field@esource.com




                                       Thursday, January 26, 2012
Our Presenters

Cathy Higgins
Program Director
New Buildings Institute


Amy Cortese Renbarger
Senior Project Manager
New Buildings Institute


Catherine Mercier
Project Lead, Policy and Research
Ecova


Chris Calwell
Senior Fellow, Policy and Research
Ecova
Cathy Higgins - higgins@newbuildings.org
Topics

         NBI:
         • Definitions & Trends
         • Key Performance
           Indicators
         • Measured Results
           Examples
         Ecova:
         • Field Research
         • Office Equipment
           Energy Use
         • Savings Opportunities
         • Programs / Policy

                                   4
New Buildings Institute (nbi)
• National non-profit, offices in
  WA
• Board of Directors represent
  leaders in energy and green
  building
• Sponsors include progressive
  utilities, PBAs, market
  transformation entities and
  state governments
• Strategic relationships with
  leading organizations including
  AIA, USGBC, WCEC, CLTC, CPUC,
  CEC
• Strong staff of leading technical
  experts and project managers
                                      5
Plug Loads: not hard wired, not in other end use
 categories AND not regulated by building energy codes


         Office Equipment:                White Goods & Other:

Computers & monitors                      Vending machines
Small power supplies                      Large coffee
Speakers                                  machines
Printers                                  Water coolers (!!)
Copiers and MFDs                          Large refrigerators
Faxes                                     Other appliances
Scanners and multi-function               Space heaters
devices (MFDs)                            Task lighting
“I-Items” (chargers, phones,
Ipads,etc.)
                                          SERVERS!!!

                      Modified from Sabo, NYSERDA Power Mgmt. Program.   6
Plug loads are One of the Largest and Fastest Growing
End-Uses of the Residential and Commercial Sectors




                Source: Graph created by Ecova with data from EIA 2008 Annual Energy Outlook
                         7
% of Whole Building Energy – interesting
            but deceptive

           • Office equip., computers and 'other'
CBECS      • All commercial bldgs – 20%
           • All non-mall bldgs - 12%



           • Office equip., misc. equip.
CEUS       • All commercial bldgs – 13%
           • All offices – 23%


          • Small Oakland office all plug loads – 30%
          • Small Oakland office plugs without server closet –
PIER        8%
          • 2003 Impact Assessment Office Equipment – 6%

                                                                 8
Energy use trends




                    9
Watts per square foot (W/SF) – Offices
          power density* is a key performance indicator (KPI)

                                                            Plug Load Performance Level
                                                     Poor       Standard High Perf      Best
       Occupied Power Density W/SF                   0.75 +       0.75       0.40       0.25

       Peak Demand Density            W/SF           1.5 +       1.5          1        0.75
      nbi Sensitivity Analysis and PIER monitoring




“It is now possible to realistically conceive of an office space that
         could have a peak plug load as low as 0.25 W/SF”
    Wilkins, Hosni, “Plug Load Factors” ASHRAE Journal May 2011



*also called load factor                                                                       10
KPI: 24 hour Schedule
Plug Load Power Density (W/SF)




                                 11
Schedule of Use as a KPI – Plugs & Lights




                                            12
Plug Loads – Field Examples




Amy Cortese Renbarger - amy@newbuildings.org
                                               13
Plug Loads at Tenant Spaces




                              14
Plug Load Power Density
                       Measured Performance (W/SF)
   Office Location: Size                  Average           Average   Measured   % of total
                    (SF)                  Weekday           Weekday    Peak       at night
                                          Daytime            Night

   Irvine, CA 1            8,328              0.8             0.4       1.6        47%

   Irvine, CA 2            1,500              0.8             0.6       1.8        70%

   Rosemead, CA            16,500             0.5             0.3       0.7        63%

   Los Angeles, CA 8,024                      1.5            1.46       2.1        97%

   Vancouver, BC           9,000              0.6             0.3       0.8        49%

Source: nbi Office of the Future Pilot Project Monitoring
                                                                                          15
Plug Load Power Density versus
                       Lighting Power Density (W/SF)
                                                              Average    Plug Load
                                                Average
                                                              Weekday    Power vs.
   Office Location:               Size (SF)     Weekday
                                                              Daytime     Efficient
                                              Daytime Plugs
                                                              Lighting    Lighting
   Irvine, CA 1                     8,328          0.8          0.2         4x

   Irvine, CA 2                     1,500          0.8          0.4         2x

   Rosemead, CA                    16,500          0.5          0.5        equal

   Los Angeles, CA                  8,024          1.5          0.3         5x

   Vancouver, BC                    9,000          0.6          0.5        1.2 x

Source: nbi Office of the Future Pilot
Project Monitoring
                                                                                   16
Plug Load Points

• Plug loads in offices are now many times larger than
  efficient lighting loads – program focus needed
• Even in the “best” offices, plug load use in the
  Unoccupied periods is at least 50% of the Occupied
  periods
• Watts per SF and ratio of night-to-day energy use are
  KPIs
• Differentiate servers from other plug loads and use
  consistent definitions and metrics

                                                          17
Q&A for nbi
total energy and sustainability management




MEASURED PLUG LOAD ENERGY SAVINGS IN
TWO CALIFORNIA COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS




By Chris Calwell and Catherine Mercier

January 26, 2012




                                                                   19
Value: Growing Results on Saving Resources
Total Energy & Sustainability Management


      See More                Save More            Sustain More




   Gain broad visibility   Lower expenses &          Build lasting
   and precise insight     increase return on    advantages for the
    into inefficiencies    capital investments   bottom line and the
                                                    environment


    Data-driven + Fully managed + Technology-optimized



                                                                       20
Credentials: An Extension of More Businesses
        •$18B in expenditures •450,000 sites




                                               21
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
• Our funding
  The report was prepared with the support of the California Energy
  Commission’s Public Interest Energy Research (PIER) Program.

• Our team
   •   Catherine Mercier, Ecova
   •   Laura Moorefield, Ecova
   •   Chris Calwell, Ecova
   •   Craig Billingsley, Ecova
   •   Cathy Turner, New Buildings Institute
   •   Cathy Higgins, New Buildings Institute
   •   Dan Harris, New Buildings Institute
   •   Lia Webster, Portland Energy Conservation, Inc.
   •   Erin Rowe, Portland Energy Conservation, Inc.
   •   Eric Greensfelder, Portland Energy Conservation, Inc.
   •   Mark Effinger, Portland Energy Conservation, Inc.




                                                                      22
SUMMARY

•   Plug loads are becoming an increasingly large share of commercial
    building energy use
•   New LEED-certified buildings point the way to extraordinary energy
    savings potential, yet even buildings that are otherwise very
    efficient can fail to meet energy use projections if the plug loads
    installed in them are inefficient and occupant behaviors remain
    unchanged
•   Even LEED-certified buildings can significantly reduce their plug
    load energy use through a variety of strategies
•   Need more comprehensive and ambitious policy action




                                                                          23
PRESENTATION OUTLINE


• Study objectives and methodology (Cat Mercier)
• Key study results (Cat Mercier)
   •   Plug load electricity consumption in two California offices
   •   Savings opportunities and measures
   •   Summary of plug load energy savings at the two site
• How can policy and utility program approaches best address these
  opportunities? (Chris Calwell)




                                                                     24
STUDY OBJECTIVES



• Characterize electricity consumption of plug load devices in two
  recently LEED-certified buildings in California
• Explore opportunities for plug load energy savings in these two
  buildings
• Test a variety of hardware, software and occupant behavior energy
  reduction strategies
• If the above energy reduction strategies are successful, identify
  actions that utilities and policy makers could take to secure these
  savings throughout California’s commercial buildings




                                                                        25
TWO NORTHERN CALIFORNIA SITES SELECTED
• LEED Gold public library (95,000 ft2)
   •   48 employees, open 52 hours per week
   •   Includes private offices and a public area; both areas were monitored




• LEED Platinum small office building (14,000ft2)
   •   20 employees
   •   Typically occupied 60 hours per week




                                                                               26
STUDY METHODOLOGY AND SCOPE




                              27
OUR METERS RECORDED TIME SERIES DATA
ON INDIVIDUAL DEVICES
At intervals of one minute for one month




                                           28
SAMPLE METER FILE FROM FIELD STUDY




                                     29
PLUG LOAD ENERGY USE




 Device energy          Avg. device          Total # of devices
                  =   energy use from   X
      use                                       inventoried
                         metering




Total plug load energy use = Sum of the energy use of all devices




                                                                    30
PRESENTATION OUTLINE


• Study objectives and methodology
• Study results
   •   Plug load electricity consumption in two California offices
   •   Savings opportunities and measures
   •   Summary of plug load energy savings at the two site
• How can policy approaches best address these opportunities?




                                                                     31
PLUG LOAD ELECTRICITY USE AT TWO
  CALIFORNIA OFFICES
  Which plug loads use the most energy?
                      1%
                      Misc.


                         11%                                   5%
                         Imaging                               Misc.
                         Equip.
                                                                       17%
                                                                       Imaging
                                                                       Equip. and
                                                                       Computer
                              20%                                      Peripherals
                              Monitors
                                                                         9%
                                                                         Monitors
                                                   69%
                                                   Computers
          68%
          Computers




Library                                  Small Office
Plug load Electricity Use Breakdown      Plug load Electricity Use Breakdown
Total= 66,300 kWh/yr (0.7 kWh/ft2)       Total=13,100 kWh/yr (0.94 kWh /ft2)



                                                                                     32
KEY OPPORTUNITIES FOR ENERGY SAVINGS
1) 62% of desktop computers at the small office and 40% of staff
   (non-public) computers at the library were often left operating in
   active or idle mode overnight and on weekends.
2) Printers and multifunction devices were used rarely, but drew 6 to
   51 W when not in use.
3) Most computer peripherals metered, such as computer speakers,
   used power continuously when not in use.
4) Most LCD computer monitors, desktop computers and imaging
   equipment metered drew high active power compared with high-
   efficiency models available today.
5) Some imaging equipment and miscellaneous plug loads such as
   projectors and the solid ink printer were not very numerous, but
   each device consumed a significant amount of energy and did not
   appear to scale power consumption effectively to usage.




                                                                        33
MOST OF TIME WHEN IDLE, COULD BE ASLEEP
Power meter data of a desktop computer at the small office




                   § Small amount of time in
                     active mode
                   § Lots of time in idle mode
                     at night and on weekends




                                                             34
KEY OPPORTUNITIES FOR ENERGY SAVINGS
1) 62% of desktop computers at the small office and 40% of staff
   (non-public) computers at the library were often left operating in
   active or idle mode overnight and on weekends.
2) Printers and multifunction devices were used rarely, but drew 6 to
   51 W when not in use.
3) Most computer peripherals metered, such as computer speakers,
   used power continuously when not in use.
4) Most LCD computer monitors, desktop computers and imaging
   equipment metered drew high active power compared with high-
   efficiency models available today.
5) Some imaging equipment and miscellaneous plug loads such as
   projectors and the solid ink printer were not very numerous, but
   each device consumed a significant amount of energy and did not
   appear to scale power consumption effectively to usage.




                                                                        35
DRAWING POWER WHEN INACTIVE
Power meter data of a printer, calculator and computer speakers
at the small office




                                                                  36
KEY OPPORTUNITIES FOR ENERGY SAVINGS
1) 62% of desktop computers at the small office and 40% of staff
   (non-public) computers at the library were often left operating in
   active or idle mode overnight and on weekends.
2) Printers and multifunction devices were used rarely, but drew 6 to
   51 W when not in use.
3) Most computer peripherals metered, such as computer speakers,
   used power continuously when not in use.
4) Most LCD computer monitors, desktop computers and imaging
   equipment metered drew high active power compared with high-
   efficiency models available today.
5) Some imaging equipment and miscellaneous plug loads such as
   projectors and the solid ink printer were not very numerous, but
   each device consumed a significant amount of energy and did not
   appear to scale power consumption effectively to usage.




                                                                        37
POWER USE SHOULD BE PROPORTIONAL TO
UTILIZATION

                     Actual
 Power




                                  Best




         0%   Workload, functionality, or useful output   100%


                                                                 38
KEY SAVINGS STRATEGIES
• Enable aggressive power management settings
   •   PCs and imaging equipment
   •   Largest opportunity
• Use load-sensor plug strips and timers to minimize off-hours
  energy use
• Adjust brightness settings of computer monitors
• Occupant behavior measures
   •   Energy monitoring feedback devices
   •   Outlook reminders to encourage office occupants to turn off devices when not in
       use
• Highly efficient equipment
   •   Shift from desktop computers to micro-sized desktops with basic
       functionality and ultra-low power use when possible
   •   Replace inefficient equipment with comparable, high-efficiency TopTen
       models (http://www.toptenusa.org/)
   •   Cost-effective at procurement cycle



                                                                                         39
Low- and no-cost strategies could save 40% of
AT THE SMALL OFFICE

studied plug load energy use




                                                40
Low- and no-cost strategies could save 19% of
AT THE LIBRARY

studied plug load energy use




                                                41
POWER MANAGEMENT: DESKTOP COMPUTER
                                        Base case: 356 kWh/year
                                        Improved case: 153 kWh/year
                                  400
                                        Energy reduction = 202 kWh/year (57%)
                                  350
Annual Energy Consumption (kWh)




                                  300                                           -57%

                                  250
                                            No
                                  200      Power
                                           Mgmt.
                                  150
                                                                   With
                                  100                             Power
                                                                  Mgmt.
                                  50

                                    0


                                                                                       42
MINI COMPUTER + POWER MANAGEMENT
= 95% SAVINGS
Other benefits: less desk or floor space, quieter, and create less
waste heat


                                     Office desktop computer:
                                     rarely used but always on




                                     Replaced with mini computer
                                     with power management enabled




                                                                     43
MINI COMPUTER + POWER MANAGEMENT =
95% SAVINGS




         No
        Power
        Mgmt.




                                     44
MINI COMPUTERS WITH BASIC FUNCTIONALITY AND
ULTRA-LOW POWER USE




                                 Idle: 7.7 W




                                   Idle: 8.0 W




                                                 45
LOAD-SENSOR PLUG STRIP ENERGY SAVINGS:
OFFICE WORKSTATION
                                            Base case: 114 kWh/year
                                            Improved case: 61 kWh/year
                                   120      Energy reduction: 52 kWh/year (46%)

                                   100                   Computer Speakers
 Annual Energy Consumption (kWh)




                                                                                                 -46%
                                                         Laser Printer
                                    80

                                                         Computer Monitor
                                    60                                                           -79%
                                                                                                 -77%
                                    40

                                                                                                 -7%
                                    20


                                     0
                                         BASELINE CASE        IMPROVED CASE - LOAD-SENSOR PLUG
                                                                           STRIP



                                                                                                        46
TIMER PLUG STRIP: WORKSTATION
AT THE SMALL OFFICE
                                        Base case: 375 kWh/year
                                        Improved case: 214 kWh/year
                                  400   Energy reduction = 161 kWh/year (43%)
                                  375
                                  350                   Computer Speakers
                                  325                   Calculating Machine
Annual Energy Consumption (kWh)




                                  300                                                               -43%
                                  275                   Computer Monitor
                                  250                   Laser Printer
                                  225                                                               -65%
                                  200                                                               -65%
                                  175
                                                                                                    0%
                                  150
                                  125
                                  100
                                                                                                    -48%
                                  75
                                  50
                                  25
                                    0
                                        BASELINE CASE            IMPROVED CASE - TIMER PLUG STRIP

                                                        Small Office



                                                                                                           47
FEEDBACK MONITORING DEVICE ENERGY
SAVINGS: OFFICE WORKSTATION
In the timeframe of this study it was not possible to prove that these
savings would persist over time




                                                                         48
ENERGY SAVINGS OPPORTUNITIES:
SMALL SERVER ROOMS
•   Excluded from previous plug load field metering studies
•   Can use more kWh than all other office plug loads combined
•   Ripe for more research
•   Large savings potential




                                                                 49
PRESENTATION OUTLINE


• Study objectives and methodology
• Study results
   •   Plug load electricity consumption in two California offices
   •   Savings opportunities and measures
   •   Summary of plug load energy savings at the two site
• How can policy approaches best address these opportunities?




                                                                     50
HOW CAN POLICY AND PROGRAM APPROACHES
BEST ADDRESS THESE OPPORTUNITIES?
• Power management of existing equipment
   •   Network wide settings
   •   Local settings under administrative control
   •   Microsoft windows defaults not always maximizing savings
• After market hardware retrofits
   •   Advanced plug strips and timers to control legacy equipment
• Procure more efficient office equipment
   • Network proxying for reducing energy consumption
   • Power scaling in energy efficiency specifications
   • Title 20 for office electronics
   • Plug load peak power density requirement in Title 24
• Aggressive education and awareness campaigns for staff about
  efficient behaviors and usage patterns




                                                                     51
52
53
ADVANCED PLUG STRIPS
•    Installing hardware control strategies to turn off devices when
     they are not in use
      • Can reduce energy consumption significantly
      • This benefit must be weighed against the cost of purchasing and
        installing these control strategies
      • Standby power : < 1 W
      • There is a need for a standardized test procedure
      • The Consumer Electronic/Plug Load Summit and the NEEP
        Working Groups
•    Timers and timer plug strips
      • Unnoticed by participants
      • Good options to control devices with regular schedules
•    Load-sensor plug strips, automatically turn off power to devices
     when the current draw drops below a certain threshold
      • Savings ranged widely and depended on user’s behavior
      • Low-cost measure to eliminate the energy use of often-
        forgotten computer peripherals at some workstations


                                                                          54
55
PROXYING FOR REDUCING ENERGY
• Network standby energy use has become a big concern
  internationally because so many devices that previously were able
  to sleep most of the time now remain awake and using energy
  100% of the time because they are connected to networks.
• Networked devices maintain a steady, low level of communication
  with each other to verify that they are still on the network.
• Proxying involves a change to IT hardware design that allows a
  small, separate circuit to maintain the device’s connection to the
  network, without needing the primary CPU (and associated
  hardware) to operate.
• The proxying card or circuit wakes up the main device as needed to
  act on particular requests from the network, but otherwise allows it
  to sleep most of the time.
• The first IT products with this capability have been introduced over
  the last 18 months; more to follow with policy and program
  encouragement.




                                                                         56
A SAMPLE OF A PROXY INSTALLED IN A
COMPUTER’S NETWORK INTERFACE CARD




                     Source: B. Nordman, LBNL



                                                57
POPULAR TASKS AND ASSOCIATED POWER USE




                                     58
POWER USE DURING NON-ACTIVE MODES




                                    59
Source : IOUs Title 20 Efficiency Standards
Workshop, August 2008                         60
Source : IOUs Title 20 Efficiency Standards
Workshop, August 2008                         61
TOPTENUSA.ORG




                62
FUTURE RESEARCH NEEDS
• Energy use of and savings opportunities for servers and server
  closets
• Savings potential from behavioral changes
• Incremental cost of measures
• Plug load demand impacts
• Equipment and technology improvements
• Continuous outreach and education efforts
• Consistent plug load definitions for benchmarking
• In order to provide adequate feedback to building occupants, the
  wiring of commercial buildings needs to be done differently to
  meter key sub-systems.




                                                                     63
THANK YOU!
             Catherine Mercier
             Project lead, Research & Policy
             Ecova
             Durango, CO

             cmercier@ecova.com

             (970) 259-6801 ext. 311

             Chris Calwell
             Senior fellow, Research & Policy
             Ecova
             Durango, CO

             ccalwell@ecova.com

             (970) 259-6801 ext. 301


                                                64
New work…

             Office Plug Loads:
           Best Practice Guideline




Others                        Others
Questions?



     Download the
Executive Summary and
      Full Report

   Learn more:
  www.ecova.com
www.newbuildings.org

More Related Content

Similar to Office Plug Loads: Energy Use and Savings Opportunities

Koomeyoncloudcomputing V5
Koomeyoncloudcomputing V5Koomeyoncloudcomputing V5
Koomeyoncloudcomputing V5Jonathan Koomey
 
Mainstreaming Zero: Large Scale Commercial Net Zero Energy Buildings, AGC 2013
Mainstreaming Zero: Large Scale Commercial Net Zero Energy Buildings, AGC 2013Mainstreaming Zero: Large Scale Commercial Net Zero Energy Buildings, AGC 2013
Mainstreaming Zero: Large Scale Commercial Net Zero Energy Buildings, AGC 2013Shanti Pless
 
What's Hot? Combined Heat and Power (CHP)
What's Hot? Combined Heat and Power (CHP)What's Hot? Combined Heat and Power (CHP)
What's Hot? Combined Heat and Power (CHP)Zondits
 
Husum IRENA/WWEA Wind Operations and Maintenance side event
Husum IRENA/WWEA Wind  Operations and Maintenance side eventHusum IRENA/WWEA Wind  Operations and Maintenance side event
Husum IRENA/WWEA Wind Operations and Maintenance side eventMichael Taylor
 
Urjanet webinar-with-cox-enterprises-and-groom-energy
Urjanet webinar-with-cox-enterprises-and-groom-energyUrjanet webinar-with-cox-enterprises-and-groom-energy
Urjanet webinar-with-cox-enterprises-and-groom-energyUrjanet
 
OSSera's Approach and Commitment to Green IT
OSSera's Approach and Commitment to Green ITOSSera's Approach and Commitment to Green IT
OSSera's Approach and Commitment to Green ITMingxia Zhang, Ph.D.
 
Koomeyondatacenterelectricityuse v24
Koomeyondatacenterelectricityuse v24Koomeyondatacenterelectricityuse v24
Koomeyondatacenterelectricityuse v24Jonathan Koomey
 
Benchmark the Relative Performance of Your Data Center
Benchmark the Relative Performance of Your Data CenterBenchmark the Relative Performance of Your Data Center
Benchmark the Relative Performance of Your Data CenterAFCOM
 
Benchmarking, Data, and Utilities
Benchmarking, Data, and UtilitiesBenchmarking, Data, and Utilities
Benchmarking, Data, and UtilitiesCliff Majersik
 
Plug Load Efficiency for Zero Energy Buildings Webinar 1 29 2013
Plug Load Efficiency for Zero Energy Buildings Webinar 1 29 2013Plug Load Efficiency for Zero Energy Buildings Webinar 1 29 2013
Plug Load Efficiency for Zero Energy Buildings Webinar 1 29 2013Shanti Pless
 
Building Ratings: Do the Europeans or Americans Have It Right?
Building Ratings: Do the Europeans or Americans Have It Right?Building Ratings: Do the Europeans or Americans Have It Right?
Building Ratings: Do the Europeans or Americans Have It Right?Elton Sherwin
 
451 Group Increasing Cloud Application Performance
451 Group Increasing Cloud Application Performance451 Group Increasing Cloud Application Performance
451 Group Increasing Cloud Application PerformanceCDNetworks
 
CIsco Energy Efficient Data Center
CIsco Energy Efficient Data CenterCIsco Energy Efficient Data Center
CIsco Energy Efficient Data CenterCisco
 
Grow a Greener Data Center
Grow a Greener Data CenterGrow a Greener Data Center
Grow a Greener Data CenterJamie Shoup
 
The Future Of Data Center Critical Power - GP100 eBook
The Future Of Data Center Critical Power - GP100 eBookThe Future Of Data Center Critical Power - GP100 eBook
The Future Of Data Center Critical Power - GP100 eBookGE Energy Connections
 
Focus On Energy It Presentation 2009 12 02
Focus On Energy It Presentation 2009 12 02Focus On Energy It Presentation 2009 12 02
Focus On Energy It Presentation 2009 12 02JeremyMathews
 

Similar to Office Plug Loads: Energy Use and Savings Opportunities (20)

Smart grids & consumers
Smart grids & consumersSmart grids & consumers
Smart grids & consumers
 
Koomeyoncloudcomputing V5
Koomeyoncloudcomputing V5Koomeyoncloudcomputing V5
Koomeyoncloudcomputing V5
 
Mainstreaming Zero: Large Scale Commercial Net Zero Energy Buildings, AGC 2013
Mainstreaming Zero: Large Scale Commercial Net Zero Energy Buildings, AGC 2013Mainstreaming Zero: Large Scale Commercial Net Zero Energy Buildings, AGC 2013
Mainstreaming Zero: Large Scale Commercial Net Zero Energy Buildings, AGC 2013
 
What's Hot? Combined Heat and Power (CHP)
What's Hot? Combined Heat and Power (CHP)What's Hot? Combined Heat and Power (CHP)
What's Hot? Combined Heat and Power (CHP)
 
Distributed Generation Feasibility
Distributed Generation FeasibilityDistributed Generation Feasibility
Distributed Generation Feasibility
 
Husum IRENA/WWEA Wind Operations and Maintenance side event
Husum IRENA/WWEA Wind  Operations and Maintenance side eventHusum IRENA/WWEA Wind  Operations and Maintenance side event
Husum IRENA/WWEA Wind Operations and Maintenance side event
 
Urjanet webinar-with-cox-enterprises-and-groom-energy
Urjanet webinar-with-cox-enterprises-and-groom-energyUrjanet webinar-with-cox-enterprises-and-groom-energy
Urjanet webinar-with-cox-enterprises-and-groom-energy
 
OSSera's Approach and Commitment to Green IT
OSSera's Approach and Commitment to Green ITOSSera's Approach and Commitment to Green IT
OSSera's Approach and Commitment to Green IT
 
Koomeyondatacenterelectricityuse v24
Koomeyondatacenterelectricityuse v24Koomeyondatacenterelectricityuse v24
Koomeyondatacenterelectricityuse v24
 
Benchmark the Relative Performance of Your Data Center
Benchmark the Relative Performance of Your Data CenterBenchmark the Relative Performance of Your Data Center
Benchmark the Relative Performance of Your Data Center
 
Benchmarking, Data, and Utilities
Benchmarking, Data, and UtilitiesBenchmarking, Data, and Utilities
Benchmarking, Data, and Utilities
 
Plug Load Efficiency for Zero Energy Buildings Webinar 1 29 2013
Plug Load Efficiency for Zero Energy Buildings Webinar 1 29 2013Plug Load Efficiency for Zero Energy Buildings Webinar 1 29 2013
Plug Load Efficiency for Zero Energy Buildings Webinar 1 29 2013
 
Building Ratings: Do the Europeans or Americans Have It Right?
Building Ratings: Do the Europeans or Americans Have It Right?Building Ratings: Do the Europeans or Americans Have It Right?
Building Ratings: Do the Europeans or Americans Have It Right?
 
451 Group Increasing Cloud Application Performance
451 Group Increasing Cloud Application Performance451 Group Increasing Cloud Application Performance
451 Group Increasing Cloud Application Performance
 
CIsco Energy Efficient Data Center
CIsco Energy Efficient Data CenterCIsco Energy Efficient Data Center
CIsco Energy Efficient Data Center
 
Monterey green buildings
Monterey green buildingsMonterey green buildings
Monterey green buildings
 
Grow a Greener Data Center
Grow a Greener Data CenterGrow a Greener Data Center
Grow a Greener Data Center
 
The Future Of Data Center Critical Power - GP100 eBook
The Future Of Data Center Critical Power - GP100 eBookThe Future Of Data Center Critical Power - GP100 eBook
The Future Of Data Center Critical Power - GP100 eBook
 
Dr. Dan Arvizu
Dr. Dan ArvizuDr. Dan Arvizu
Dr. Dan Arvizu
 
Focus On Energy It Presentation 2009 12 02
Focus On Energy It Presentation 2009 12 02Focus On Energy It Presentation 2009 12 02
Focus On Energy It Presentation 2009 12 02
 

More from E Source Companies, LLC

3 Best Practices in Utility Bill Redesign
3 Best Practices in Utility Bill Redesign3 Best Practices in Utility Bill Redesign
3 Best Practices in Utility Bill RedesignE Source Companies, LLC
 
Reduce Costs and Efficiently Handle High-Volume Customer Transactions with Jo...
Reduce Costs and Efficiently Handle High-Volume Customer Transactions with Jo...Reduce Costs and Efficiently Handle High-Volume Customer Transactions with Jo...
Reduce Costs and Efficiently Handle High-Volume Customer Transactions with Jo...E Source Companies, LLC
 
How Can Utilities Better Serve Up Energy-Efficiency Programs to Small Restaur...
How Can Utilities Better Serve Up Energy-Efficiency Programs to Small Restaur...How Can Utilities Better Serve Up Energy-Efficiency Programs to Small Restaur...
How Can Utilities Better Serve Up Energy-Efficiency Programs to Small Restaur...E Source Companies, LLC
 
Increase Customer Participation in Value-Added Programs with Journey Mapping
Increase Customer Participation in Value-Added Programs with Journey MappingIncrease Customer Participation in Value-Added Programs with Journey Mapping
Increase Customer Participation in Value-Added Programs with Journey MappingE Source Companies, LLC
 
The Critical Relationship Between DSM Programs and Customer Experience
The Critical Relationship Between DSM Programs and Customer ExperienceThe Critical Relationship Between DSM Programs and Customer Experience
The Critical Relationship Between DSM Programs and Customer ExperienceE Source Companies, LLC
 
Using Segmentation to Personalize Low-Income Program Outreach and Increase Pa...
Using Segmentation to Personalize Low-Income Program Outreach and Increase Pa...Using Segmentation to Personalize Low-Income Program Outreach and Increase Pa...
Using Segmentation to Personalize Low-Income Program Outreach and Increase Pa...E Source Companies, LLC
 
Growing Pains: How Utilities Are Meeting Increasing Efficiency Goals
Growing Pains: How Utilities Are Meeting Increasing Efficiency GoalsGrowing Pains: How Utilities Are Meeting Increasing Efficiency Goals
Growing Pains: How Utilities Are Meeting Increasing Efficiency GoalsE Source Companies, LLC
 
E Source Forum: A Compilation of Insights from 2016
E Source Forum: A Compilation of Insights from 2016E Source Forum: A Compilation of Insights from 2016
E Source Forum: A Compilation of Insights from 2016E Source Companies, LLC
 
E Source Forum: A Compilation of Insights from 2015
E Source Forum: A Compilation of Insights from 2015E Source Forum: A Compilation of Insights from 2015
E Source Forum: A Compilation of Insights from 2015E Source Companies, LLC
 
An Integrated Individual-Organization Approach to Change Management
An Integrated Individual-Organization Approach to Change ManagementAn Integrated Individual-Organization Approach to Change Management
An Integrated Individual-Organization Approach to Change ManagementE Source Companies, LLC
 
Integrating Change Management and Project Management
Integrating Change Management and Project ManagementIntegrating Change Management and Project Management
Integrating Change Management and Project ManagementE Source Companies, LLC
 
How Utilities Can Reduce Costs and Efficiently Handle High-Volume Customer Tr...
How Utilities Can Reduce Costs and Efficiently Handle High-Volume Customer Tr...How Utilities Can Reduce Costs and Efficiently Handle High-Volume Customer Tr...
How Utilities Can Reduce Costs and Efficiently Handle High-Volume Customer Tr...E Source Companies, LLC
 
Reaching Small Business Customers: Successful Strategies and the Ones That Go...
Reaching Small Business Customers: Successful Strategies and the Ones That Go...Reaching Small Business Customers: Successful Strategies and the Ones That Go...
Reaching Small Business Customers: Successful Strategies and the Ones That Go...E Source Companies, LLC
 
Engaging SMB Customers: Some Really Cool Ideas (Barrett)
Engaging SMB Customers: Some Really Cool Ideas (Barrett)Engaging SMB Customers: Some Really Cool Ideas (Barrett)
Engaging SMB Customers: Some Really Cool Ideas (Barrett)E Source Companies, LLC
 
Achieve Your Potential: Segmentation for Business Customer Experience and Ene...
Achieve Your Potential: Segmentation for Business Customer Experience and Ene...Achieve Your Potential: Segmentation for Business Customer Experience and Ene...
Achieve Your Potential: Segmentation for Business Customer Experience and Ene...E Source Companies, LLC
 
Channel Surfing: Optimize Your Omnichannel Experience
Channel Surfing: Optimize Your Omnichannel ExperienceChannel Surfing: Optimize Your Omnichannel Experience
Channel Surfing: Optimize Your Omnichannel ExperienceE Source Companies, LLC
 

More from E Source Companies, LLC (20)

3 Best Practices in Utility Bill Redesign
3 Best Practices in Utility Bill Redesign3 Best Practices in Utility Bill Redesign
3 Best Practices in Utility Bill Redesign
 
Reduce Costs and Efficiently Handle High-Volume Customer Transactions with Jo...
Reduce Costs and Efficiently Handle High-Volume Customer Transactions with Jo...Reduce Costs and Efficiently Handle High-Volume Customer Transactions with Jo...
Reduce Costs and Efficiently Handle High-Volume Customer Transactions with Jo...
 
How Can Utilities Better Serve Up Energy-Efficiency Programs to Small Restaur...
How Can Utilities Better Serve Up Energy-Efficiency Programs to Small Restaur...How Can Utilities Better Serve Up Energy-Efficiency Programs to Small Restaur...
How Can Utilities Better Serve Up Energy-Efficiency Programs to Small Restaur...
 
Did You Meet Your DSM Goals in 2015?
Did You Meet Your DSM Goals in 2015?Did You Meet Your DSM Goals in 2015?
Did You Meet Your DSM Goals in 2015?
 
Increase Customer Participation in Value-Added Programs with Journey Mapping
Increase Customer Participation in Value-Added Programs with Journey MappingIncrease Customer Participation in Value-Added Programs with Journey Mapping
Increase Customer Participation in Value-Added Programs with Journey Mapping
 
The Critical Relationship Between DSM Programs and Customer Experience
The Critical Relationship Between DSM Programs and Customer ExperienceThe Critical Relationship Between DSM Programs and Customer Experience
The Critical Relationship Between DSM Programs and Customer Experience
 
Ten DSM Topics That Made Waves in 2016
Ten DSM Topics That Made Waves in 2016Ten DSM Topics That Made Waves in 2016
Ten DSM Topics That Made Waves in 2016
 
Using Segmentation to Personalize Low-Income Program Outreach and Increase Pa...
Using Segmentation to Personalize Low-Income Program Outreach and Increase Pa...Using Segmentation to Personalize Low-Income Program Outreach and Increase Pa...
Using Segmentation to Personalize Low-Income Program Outreach and Increase Pa...
 
Growing Pains: How Utilities Are Meeting Increasing Efficiency Goals
Growing Pains: How Utilities Are Meeting Increasing Efficiency GoalsGrowing Pains: How Utilities Are Meeting Increasing Efficiency Goals
Growing Pains: How Utilities Are Meeting Increasing Efficiency Goals
 
E Source Forum: A Compilation of Insights from 2016
E Source Forum: A Compilation of Insights from 2016E Source Forum: A Compilation of Insights from 2016
E Source Forum: A Compilation of Insights from 2016
 
E Source Forum: A Compilation of Insights from 2015
E Source Forum: A Compilation of Insights from 2015E Source Forum: A Compilation of Insights from 2015
E Source Forum: A Compilation of Insights from 2015
 
An Integrated Individual-Organization Approach to Change Management
An Integrated Individual-Organization Approach to Change ManagementAn Integrated Individual-Organization Approach to Change Management
An Integrated Individual-Organization Approach to Change Management
 
Integrating Change Management and Project Management
Integrating Change Management and Project ManagementIntegrating Change Management and Project Management
Integrating Change Management and Project Management
 
How Utilities Can Reduce Costs and Efficiently Handle High-Volume Customer Tr...
How Utilities Can Reduce Costs and Efficiently Handle High-Volume Customer Tr...How Utilities Can Reduce Costs and Efficiently Handle High-Volume Customer Tr...
How Utilities Can Reduce Costs and Efficiently Handle High-Volume Customer Tr...
 
Reaching Small Business Customers: Successful Strategies and the Ones That Go...
Reaching Small Business Customers: Successful Strategies and the Ones That Go...Reaching Small Business Customers: Successful Strategies and the Ones That Go...
Reaching Small Business Customers: Successful Strategies and the Ones That Go...
 
Engaging SMB Customers
Engaging SMB CustomersEngaging SMB Customers
Engaging SMB Customers
 
Engaging SMB Customers: Some Really Cool Ideas (Barrett)
Engaging SMB Customers: Some Really Cool Ideas (Barrett)Engaging SMB Customers: Some Really Cool Ideas (Barrett)
Engaging SMB Customers: Some Really Cool Ideas (Barrett)
 
Residential Energy Segmentation
Residential Energy SegmentationResidential Energy Segmentation
Residential Energy Segmentation
 
Achieve Your Potential: Segmentation for Business Customer Experience and Ene...
Achieve Your Potential: Segmentation for Business Customer Experience and Ene...Achieve Your Potential: Segmentation for Business Customer Experience and Ene...
Achieve Your Potential: Segmentation for Business Customer Experience and Ene...
 
Channel Surfing: Optimize Your Omnichannel Experience
Channel Surfing: Optimize Your Omnichannel ExperienceChannel Surfing: Optimize Your Omnichannel Experience
Channel Surfing: Optimize Your Omnichannel Experience
 

Recently uploaded

Meet the new FSP 3000 M-Flex800™
Meet the new FSP 3000 M-Flex800™Meet the new FSP 3000 M-Flex800™
Meet the new FSP 3000 M-Flex800™Adtran
 
Things you didn't know you can use in your Salesforce
Things you didn't know you can use in your SalesforceThings you didn't know you can use in your Salesforce
Things you didn't know you can use in your SalesforceMartin Humpolec
 
UiPath Solutions Management Preview - Northern CA Chapter - March 22.pdf
UiPath Solutions Management Preview - Northern CA Chapter - March 22.pdfUiPath Solutions Management Preview - Northern CA Chapter - March 22.pdf
UiPath Solutions Management Preview - Northern CA Chapter - March 22.pdfDianaGray10
 
Introduction to Matsuo Laboratory (ENG).pptx
Introduction to Matsuo Laboratory (ENG).pptxIntroduction to Matsuo Laboratory (ENG).pptx
Introduction to Matsuo Laboratory (ENG).pptxMatsuo Lab
 
Do we need a new standard for visualizing the invisible?
Do we need a new standard for visualizing the invisible?Do we need a new standard for visualizing the invisible?
Do we need a new standard for visualizing the invisible?SANGHEE SHIN
 
Empowering Africa's Next Generation: The AI Leadership Blueprint
Empowering Africa's Next Generation: The AI Leadership BlueprintEmpowering Africa's Next Generation: The AI Leadership Blueprint
Empowering Africa's Next Generation: The AI Leadership BlueprintMahmoud Rabie
 
Nanopower In Semiconductor Industry.pdf
Nanopower  In Semiconductor Industry.pdfNanopower  In Semiconductor Industry.pdf
Nanopower In Semiconductor Industry.pdfPedro Manuel
 
PicPay - GenAI Finance Assistant - ChatGPT for Customer Service
PicPay - GenAI Finance Assistant - ChatGPT for Customer ServicePicPay - GenAI Finance Assistant - ChatGPT for Customer Service
PicPay - GenAI Finance Assistant - ChatGPT for Customer ServiceRenan Moreira de Oliveira
 
Digital magic. A small project for controlling smart light bulbs.
Digital magic. A small project for controlling smart light bulbs.Digital magic. A small project for controlling smart light bulbs.
Digital magic. A small project for controlling smart light bulbs.francesco barbera
 
KubeConEU24-Monitoring Kubernetes and Cloud Spend with OpenCost
KubeConEU24-Monitoring Kubernetes and Cloud Spend with OpenCostKubeConEU24-Monitoring Kubernetes and Cloud Spend with OpenCost
KubeConEU24-Monitoring Kubernetes and Cloud Spend with OpenCostMatt Ray
 
IaC & GitOps in a Nutshell - a FridayInANuthshell Episode.pdf
IaC & GitOps in a Nutshell - a FridayInANuthshell Episode.pdfIaC & GitOps in a Nutshell - a FridayInANuthshell Episode.pdf
IaC & GitOps in a Nutshell - a FridayInANuthshell Episode.pdfDaniel Santiago Silva Capera
 
Comparing Sidecar-less Service Mesh from Cilium and Istio
Comparing Sidecar-less Service Mesh from Cilium and IstioComparing Sidecar-less Service Mesh from Cilium and Istio
Comparing Sidecar-less Service Mesh from Cilium and IstioChristian Posta
 
Babel Compiler - Transforming JavaScript for All Browsers.pptx
Babel Compiler - Transforming JavaScript for All Browsers.pptxBabel Compiler - Transforming JavaScript for All Browsers.pptx
Babel Compiler - Transforming JavaScript for All Browsers.pptxYounusS2
 
NIST Cybersecurity Framework (CSF) 2.0 Workshop
NIST Cybersecurity Framework (CSF) 2.0 WorkshopNIST Cybersecurity Framework (CSF) 2.0 Workshop
NIST Cybersecurity Framework (CSF) 2.0 WorkshopBachir Benyammi
 
IESVE Software for Florida Code Compliance Using ASHRAE 90.1-2019
IESVE Software for Florida Code Compliance Using ASHRAE 90.1-2019IESVE Software for Florida Code Compliance Using ASHRAE 90.1-2019
IESVE Software for Florida Code Compliance Using ASHRAE 90.1-2019IES VE
 
OpenShift Commons Paris - Choose Your Own Observability Adventure
OpenShift Commons Paris - Choose Your Own Observability AdventureOpenShift Commons Paris - Choose Your Own Observability Adventure
OpenShift Commons Paris - Choose Your Own Observability AdventureEric D. Schabell
 
COMPUTER 10: Lesson 7 - File Storage and Online Collaboration
COMPUTER 10: Lesson 7 - File Storage and Online CollaborationCOMPUTER 10: Lesson 7 - File Storage and Online Collaboration
COMPUTER 10: Lesson 7 - File Storage and Online Collaborationbruanjhuli
 
Bird eye's view on Camunda open source ecosystem
Bird eye's view on Camunda open source ecosystemBird eye's view on Camunda open source ecosystem
Bird eye's view on Camunda open source ecosystemAsko Soukka
 
Machine Learning Model Validation (Aijun Zhang 2024).pdf
Machine Learning Model Validation (Aijun Zhang 2024).pdfMachine Learning Model Validation (Aijun Zhang 2024).pdf
Machine Learning Model Validation (Aijun Zhang 2024).pdfAijun Zhang
 
RAG Patterns and Vector Search in Generative AI
RAG Patterns and Vector Search in Generative AIRAG Patterns and Vector Search in Generative AI
RAG Patterns and Vector Search in Generative AIUdaiappa Ramachandran
 

Recently uploaded (20)

Meet the new FSP 3000 M-Flex800™
Meet the new FSP 3000 M-Flex800™Meet the new FSP 3000 M-Flex800™
Meet the new FSP 3000 M-Flex800™
 
Things you didn't know you can use in your Salesforce
Things you didn't know you can use in your SalesforceThings you didn't know you can use in your Salesforce
Things you didn't know you can use in your Salesforce
 
UiPath Solutions Management Preview - Northern CA Chapter - March 22.pdf
UiPath Solutions Management Preview - Northern CA Chapter - March 22.pdfUiPath Solutions Management Preview - Northern CA Chapter - March 22.pdf
UiPath Solutions Management Preview - Northern CA Chapter - March 22.pdf
 
Introduction to Matsuo Laboratory (ENG).pptx
Introduction to Matsuo Laboratory (ENG).pptxIntroduction to Matsuo Laboratory (ENG).pptx
Introduction to Matsuo Laboratory (ENG).pptx
 
Do we need a new standard for visualizing the invisible?
Do we need a new standard for visualizing the invisible?Do we need a new standard for visualizing the invisible?
Do we need a new standard for visualizing the invisible?
 
Empowering Africa's Next Generation: The AI Leadership Blueprint
Empowering Africa's Next Generation: The AI Leadership BlueprintEmpowering Africa's Next Generation: The AI Leadership Blueprint
Empowering Africa's Next Generation: The AI Leadership Blueprint
 
Nanopower In Semiconductor Industry.pdf
Nanopower  In Semiconductor Industry.pdfNanopower  In Semiconductor Industry.pdf
Nanopower In Semiconductor Industry.pdf
 
PicPay - GenAI Finance Assistant - ChatGPT for Customer Service
PicPay - GenAI Finance Assistant - ChatGPT for Customer ServicePicPay - GenAI Finance Assistant - ChatGPT for Customer Service
PicPay - GenAI Finance Assistant - ChatGPT for Customer Service
 
Digital magic. A small project for controlling smart light bulbs.
Digital magic. A small project for controlling smart light bulbs.Digital magic. A small project for controlling smart light bulbs.
Digital magic. A small project for controlling smart light bulbs.
 
KubeConEU24-Monitoring Kubernetes and Cloud Spend with OpenCost
KubeConEU24-Monitoring Kubernetes and Cloud Spend with OpenCostKubeConEU24-Monitoring Kubernetes and Cloud Spend with OpenCost
KubeConEU24-Monitoring Kubernetes and Cloud Spend with OpenCost
 
IaC & GitOps in a Nutshell - a FridayInANuthshell Episode.pdf
IaC & GitOps in a Nutshell - a FridayInANuthshell Episode.pdfIaC & GitOps in a Nutshell - a FridayInANuthshell Episode.pdf
IaC & GitOps in a Nutshell - a FridayInANuthshell Episode.pdf
 
Comparing Sidecar-less Service Mesh from Cilium and Istio
Comparing Sidecar-less Service Mesh from Cilium and IstioComparing Sidecar-less Service Mesh from Cilium and Istio
Comparing Sidecar-less Service Mesh from Cilium and Istio
 
Babel Compiler - Transforming JavaScript for All Browsers.pptx
Babel Compiler - Transforming JavaScript for All Browsers.pptxBabel Compiler - Transforming JavaScript for All Browsers.pptx
Babel Compiler - Transforming JavaScript for All Browsers.pptx
 
NIST Cybersecurity Framework (CSF) 2.0 Workshop
NIST Cybersecurity Framework (CSF) 2.0 WorkshopNIST Cybersecurity Framework (CSF) 2.0 Workshop
NIST Cybersecurity Framework (CSF) 2.0 Workshop
 
IESVE Software for Florida Code Compliance Using ASHRAE 90.1-2019
IESVE Software for Florida Code Compliance Using ASHRAE 90.1-2019IESVE Software for Florida Code Compliance Using ASHRAE 90.1-2019
IESVE Software for Florida Code Compliance Using ASHRAE 90.1-2019
 
OpenShift Commons Paris - Choose Your Own Observability Adventure
OpenShift Commons Paris - Choose Your Own Observability AdventureOpenShift Commons Paris - Choose Your Own Observability Adventure
OpenShift Commons Paris - Choose Your Own Observability Adventure
 
COMPUTER 10: Lesson 7 - File Storage and Online Collaboration
COMPUTER 10: Lesson 7 - File Storage and Online CollaborationCOMPUTER 10: Lesson 7 - File Storage and Online Collaboration
COMPUTER 10: Lesson 7 - File Storage and Online Collaboration
 
Bird eye's view on Camunda open source ecosystem
Bird eye's view on Camunda open source ecosystemBird eye's view on Camunda open source ecosystem
Bird eye's view on Camunda open source ecosystem
 
Machine Learning Model Validation (Aijun Zhang 2024).pdf
Machine Learning Model Validation (Aijun Zhang 2024).pdfMachine Learning Model Validation (Aijun Zhang 2024).pdf
Machine Learning Model Validation (Aijun Zhang 2024).pdf
 
RAG Patterns and Vector Search in Generative AI
RAG Patterns and Vector Search in Generative AIRAG Patterns and Vector Search in Generative AI
RAG Patterns and Vector Search in Generative AI
 

Office Plug Loads: Energy Use and Savings Opportunities

  • 1. Office Plug Loads: Energy Use and Savings Opportunities Sponsored by the California Energy Commission Public Interest Energy Research Program David Weightman, Energy Commission Specialist California Energy Commission dweightm@energy.state.ca.us Jenny Field, Marketing Manager E Source jenny_field@esource.com Thursday, January 26, 2012
  • 2. Our Presenters Cathy Higgins Program Director New Buildings Institute Amy Cortese Renbarger Senior Project Manager New Buildings Institute Catherine Mercier Project Lead, Policy and Research Ecova Chris Calwell Senior Fellow, Policy and Research Ecova
  • 3. Cathy Higgins - higgins@newbuildings.org
  • 4. Topics NBI: • Definitions & Trends • Key Performance Indicators • Measured Results Examples Ecova: • Field Research • Office Equipment Energy Use • Savings Opportunities • Programs / Policy 4
  • 5. New Buildings Institute (nbi) • National non-profit, offices in WA • Board of Directors represent leaders in energy and green building • Sponsors include progressive utilities, PBAs, market transformation entities and state governments • Strategic relationships with leading organizations including AIA, USGBC, WCEC, CLTC, CPUC, CEC • Strong staff of leading technical experts and project managers 5
  • 6. Plug Loads: not hard wired, not in other end use categories AND not regulated by building energy codes Office Equipment: White Goods & Other: Computers & monitors Vending machines Small power supplies Large coffee Speakers machines Printers Water coolers (!!) Copiers and MFDs Large refrigerators Faxes Other appliances Scanners and multi-function Space heaters devices (MFDs) Task lighting “I-Items” (chargers, phones, Ipads,etc.) SERVERS!!! Modified from Sabo, NYSERDA Power Mgmt. Program. 6
  • 7. Plug loads are One of the Largest and Fastest Growing End-Uses of the Residential and Commercial Sectors Source: Graph created by Ecova with data from EIA 2008 Annual Energy Outlook 7
  • 8. % of Whole Building Energy – interesting but deceptive • Office equip., computers and 'other' CBECS • All commercial bldgs – 20% • All non-mall bldgs - 12% • Office equip., misc. equip. CEUS • All commercial bldgs – 13% • All offices – 23% • Small Oakland office all plug loads – 30% • Small Oakland office plugs without server closet – PIER 8% • 2003 Impact Assessment Office Equipment – 6% 8
  • 10. Watts per square foot (W/SF) – Offices power density* is a key performance indicator (KPI) Plug Load Performance Level Poor Standard High Perf Best Occupied Power Density W/SF 0.75 + 0.75 0.40 0.25 Peak Demand Density W/SF 1.5 + 1.5 1 0.75 nbi Sensitivity Analysis and PIER monitoring “It is now possible to realistically conceive of an office space that could have a peak plug load as low as 0.25 W/SF” Wilkins, Hosni, “Plug Load Factors” ASHRAE Journal May 2011 *also called load factor 10
  • 11. KPI: 24 hour Schedule Plug Load Power Density (W/SF) 11
  • 12. Schedule of Use as a KPI – Plugs & Lights 12
  • 13. Plug Loads – Field Examples Amy Cortese Renbarger - amy@newbuildings.org 13
  • 14. Plug Loads at Tenant Spaces 14
  • 15. Plug Load Power Density Measured Performance (W/SF) Office Location: Size Average Average Measured % of total (SF) Weekday Weekday Peak at night Daytime Night Irvine, CA 1 8,328 0.8 0.4 1.6 47% Irvine, CA 2 1,500 0.8 0.6 1.8 70% Rosemead, CA 16,500 0.5 0.3 0.7 63% Los Angeles, CA 8,024 1.5 1.46 2.1 97% Vancouver, BC 9,000 0.6 0.3 0.8 49% Source: nbi Office of the Future Pilot Project Monitoring 15
  • 16. Plug Load Power Density versus Lighting Power Density (W/SF) Average Plug Load Average Weekday Power vs. Office Location: Size (SF) Weekday Daytime Efficient Daytime Plugs Lighting Lighting Irvine, CA 1 8,328 0.8 0.2 4x Irvine, CA 2 1,500 0.8 0.4 2x Rosemead, CA 16,500 0.5 0.5 equal Los Angeles, CA 8,024 1.5 0.3 5x Vancouver, BC 9,000 0.6 0.5 1.2 x Source: nbi Office of the Future Pilot Project Monitoring 16
  • 17. Plug Load Points • Plug loads in offices are now many times larger than efficient lighting loads – program focus needed • Even in the “best” offices, plug load use in the Unoccupied periods is at least 50% of the Occupied periods • Watts per SF and ratio of night-to-day energy use are KPIs • Differentiate servers from other plug loads and use consistent definitions and metrics 17
  • 19. total energy and sustainability management MEASURED PLUG LOAD ENERGY SAVINGS IN TWO CALIFORNIA COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS By Chris Calwell and Catherine Mercier January 26, 2012 19
  • 20. Value: Growing Results on Saving Resources Total Energy & Sustainability Management See More Save More Sustain More Gain broad visibility Lower expenses & Build lasting and precise insight increase return on advantages for the into inefficiencies capital investments bottom line and the environment Data-driven + Fully managed + Technology-optimized 20
  • 21. Credentials: An Extension of More Businesses •$18B in expenditures •450,000 sites 21
  • 22. ACKNOWLEDGMENT • Our funding The report was prepared with the support of the California Energy Commission’s Public Interest Energy Research (PIER) Program. • Our team • Catherine Mercier, Ecova • Laura Moorefield, Ecova • Chris Calwell, Ecova • Craig Billingsley, Ecova • Cathy Turner, New Buildings Institute • Cathy Higgins, New Buildings Institute • Dan Harris, New Buildings Institute • Lia Webster, Portland Energy Conservation, Inc. • Erin Rowe, Portland Energy Conservation, Inc. • Eric Greensfelder, Portland Energy Conservation, Inc. • Mark Effinger, Portland Energy Conservation, Inc. 22
  • 23. SUMMARY • Plug loads are becoming an increasingly large share of commercial building energy use • New LEED-certified buildings point the way to extraordinary energy savings potential, yet even buildings that are otherwise very efficient can fail to meet energy use projections if the plug loads installed in them are inefficient and occupant behaviors remain unchanged • Even LEED-certified buildings can significantly reduce their plug load energy use through a variety of strategies • Need more comprehensive and ambitious policy action 23
  • 24. PRESENTATION OUTLINE • Study objectives and methodology (Cat Mercier) • Key study results (Cat Mercier) • Plug load electricity consumption in two California offices • Savings opportunities and measures • Summary of plug load energy savings at the two site • How can policy and utility program approaches best address these opportunities? (Chris Calwell) 24
  • 25. STUDY OBJECTIVES • Characterize electricity consumption of plug load devices in two recently LEED-certified buildings in California • Explore opportunities for plug load energy savings in these two buildings • Test a variety of hardware, software and occupant behavior energy reduction strategies • If the above energy reduction strategies are successful, identify actions that utilities and policy makers could take to secure these savings throughout California’s commercial buildings 25
  • 26. TWO NORTHERN CALIFORNIA SITES SELECTED • LEED Gold public library (95,000 ft2) • 48 employees, open 52 hours per week • Includes private offices and a public area; both areas were monitored • LEED Platinum small office building (14,000ft2) • 20 employees • Typically occupied 60 hours per week 26
  • 28. OUR METERS RECORDED TIME SERIES DATA ON INDIVIDUAL DEVICES At intervals of one minute for one month 28
  • 29. SAMPLE METER FILE FROM FIELD STUDY 29
  • 30. PLUG LOAD ENERGY USE Device energy Avg. device Total # of devices = energy use from X use inventoried metering Total plug load energy use = Sum of the energy use of all devices 30
  • 31. PRESENTATION OUTLINE • Study objectives and methodology • Study results • Plug load electricity consumption in two California offices • Savings opportunities and measures • Summary of plug load energy savings at the two site • How can policy approaches best address these opportunities? 31
  • 32. PLUG LOAD ELECTRICITY USE AT TWO CALIFORNIA OFFICES Which plug loads use the most energy? 1% Misc. 11% 5% Imaging Misc. Equip. 17% Imaging Equip. and Computer 20% Peripherals Monitors 9% Monitors 69% Computers 68% Computers Library Small Office Plug load Electricity Use Breakdown Plug load Electricity Use Breakdown Total= 66,300 kWh/yr (0.7 kWh/ft2) Total=13,100 kWh/yr (0.94 kWh /ft2) 32
  • 33. KEY OPPORTUNITIES FOR ENERGY SAVINGS 1) 62% of desktop computers at the small office and 40% of staff (non-public) computers at the library were often left operating in active or idle mode overnight and on weekends. 2) Printers and multifunction devices were used rarely, but drew 6 to 51 W when not in use. 3) Most computer peripherals metered, such as computer speakers, used power continuously when not in use. 4) Most LCD computer monitors, desktop computers and imaging equipment metered drew high active power compared with high- efficiency models available today. 5) Some imaging equipment and miscellaneous plug loads such as projectors and the solid ink printer were not very numerous, but each device consumed a significant amount of energy and did not appear to scale power consumption effectively to usage. 33
  • 34. MOST OF TIME WHEN IDLE, COULD BE ASLEEP Power meter data of a desktop computer at the small office § Small amount of time in active mode § Lots of time in idle mode at night and on weekends 34
  • 35. KEY OPPORTUNITIES FOR ENERGY SAVINGS 1) 62% of desktop computers at the small office and 40% of staff (non-public) computers at the library were often left operating in active or idle mode overnight and on weekends. 2) Printers and multifunction devices were used rarely, but drew 6 to 51 W when not in use. 3) Most computer peripherals metered, such as computer speakers, used power continuously when not in use. 4) Most LCD computer monitors, desktop computers and imaging equipment metered drew high active power compared with high- efficiency models available today. 5) Some imaging equipment and miscellaneous plug loads such as projectors and the solid ink printer were not very numerous, but each device consumed a significant amount of energy and did not appear to scale power consumption effectively to usage. 35
  • 36. DRAWING POWER WHEN INACTIVE Power meter data of a printer, calculator and computer speakers at the small office 36
  • 37. KEY OPPORTUNITIES FOR ENERGY SAVINGS 1) 62% of desktop computers at the small office and 40% of staff (non-public) computers at the library were often left operating in active or idle mode overnight and on weekends. 2) Printers and multifunction devices were used rarely, but drew 6 to 51 W when not in use. 3) Most computer peripherals metered, such as computer speakers, used power continuously when not in use. 4) Most LCD computer monitors, desktop computers and imaging equipment metered drew high active power compared with high- efficiency models available today. 5) Some imaging equipment and miscellaneous plug loads such as projectors and the solid ink printer were not very numerous, but each device consumed a significant amount of energy and did not appear to scale power consumption effectively to usage. 37
  • 38. POWER USE SHOULD BE PROPORTIONAL TO UTILIZATION Actual Power Best 0% Workload, functionality, or useful output 100% 38
  • 39. KEY SAVINGS STRATEGIES • Enable aggressive power management settings • PCs and imaging equipment • Largest opportunity • Use load-sensor plug strips and timers to minimize off-hours energy use • Adjust brightness settings of computer monitors • Occupant behavior measures • Energy monitoring feedback devices • Outlook reminders to encourage office occupants to turn off devices when not in use • Highly efficient equipment • Shift from desktop computers to micro-sized desktops with basic functionality and ultra-low power use when possible • Replace inefficient equipment with comparable, high-efficiency TopTen models (http://www.toptenusa.org/) • Cost-effective at procurement cycle 39
  • 40. Low- and no-cost strategies could save 40% of AT THE SMALL OFFICE studied plug load energy use 40
  • 41. Low- and no-cost strategies could save 19% of AT THE LIBRARY studied plug load energy use 41
  • 42. POWER MANAGEMENT: DESKTOP COMPUTER Base case: 356 kWh/year Improved case: 153 kWh/year 400 Energy reduction = 202 kWh/year (57%) 350 Annual Energy Consumption (kWh) 300 -57% 250 No 200 Power Mgmt. 150 With 100 Power Mgmt. 50 0 42
  • 43. MINI COMPUTER + POWER MANAGEMENT = 95% SAVINGS Other benefits: less desk or floor space, quieter, and create less waste heat Office desktop computer: rarely used but always on Replaced with mini computer with power management enabled 43
  • 44. MINI COMPUTER + POWER MANAGEMENT = 95% SAVINGS No Power Mgmt. 44
  • 45. MINI COMPUTERS WITH BASIC FUNCTIONALITY AND ULTRA-LOW POWER USE Idle: 7.7 W Idle: 8.0 W 45
  • 46. LOAD-SENSOR PLUG STRIP ENERGY SAVINGS: OFFICE WORKSTATION Base case: 114 kWh/year Improved case: 61 kWh/year 120 Energy reduction: 52 kWh/year (46%) 100 Computer Speakers Annual Energy Consumption (kWh) -46% Laser Printer 80 Computer Monitor 60 -79% -77% 40 -7% 20 0 BASELINE CASE IMPROVED CASE - LOAD-SENSOR PLUG STRIP 46
  • 47. TIMER PLUG STRIP: WORKSTATION AT THE SMALL OFFICE Base case: 375 kWh/year Improved case: 214 kWh/year 400 Energy reduction = 161 kWh/year (43%) 375 350 Computer Speakers 325 Calculating Machine Annual Energy Consumption (kWh) 300 -43% 275 Computer Monitor 250 Laser Printer 225 -65% 200 -65% 175 0% 150 125 100 -48% 75 50 25 0 BASELINE CASE IMPROVED CASE - TIMER PLUG STRIP Small Office 47
  • 48. FEEDBACK MONITORING DEVICE ENERGY SAVINGS: OFFICE WORKSTATION In the timeframe of this study it was not possible to prove that these savings would persist over time 48
  • 49. ENERGY SAVINGS OPPORTUNITIES: SMALL SERVER ROOMS • Excluded from previous plug load field metering studies • Can use more kWh than all other office plug loads combined • Ripe for more research • Large savings potential 49
  • 50. PRESENTATION OUTLINE • Study objectives and methodology • Study results • Plug load electricity consumption in two California offices • Savings opportunities and measures • Summary of plug load energy savings at the two site • How can policy approaches best address these opportunities? 50
  • 51. HOW CAN POLICY AND PROGRAM APPROACHES BEST ADDRESS THESE OPPORTUNITIES? • Power management of existing equipment • Network wide settings • Local settings under administrative control • Microsoft windows defaults not always maximizing savings • After market hardware retrofits • Advanced plug strips and timers to control legacy equipment • Procure more efficient office equipment • Network proxying for reducing energy consumption • Power scaling in energy efficiency specifications • Title 20 for office electronics • Plug load peak power density requirement in Title 24 • Aggressive education and awareness campaigns for staff about efficient behaviors and usage patterns 51
  • 52. 52
  • 53. 53
  • 54. ADVANCED PLUG STRIPS • Installing hardware control strategies to turn off devices when they are not in use • Can reduce energy consumption significantly • This benefit must be weighed against the cost of purchasing and installing these control strategies • Standby power : < 1 W • There is a need for a standardized test procedure • The Consumer Electronic/Plug Load Summit and the NEEP Working Groups • Timers and timer plug strips • Unnoticed by participants • Good options to control devices with regular schedules • Load-sensor plug strips, automatically turn off power to devices when the current draw drops below a certain threshold • Savings ranged widely and depended on user’s behavior • Low-cost measure to eliminate the energy use of often- forgotten computer peripherals at some workstations 54
  • 55. 55
  • 56. PROXYING FOR REDUCING ENERGY • Network standby energy use has become a big concern internationally because so many devices that previously were able to sleep most of the time now remain awake and using energy 100% of the time because they are connected to networks. • Networked devices maintain a steady, low level of communication with each other to verify that they are still on the network. • Proxying involves a change to IT hardware design that allows a small, separate circuit to maintain the device’s connection to the network, without needing the primary CPU (and associated hardware) to operate. • The proxying card or circuit wakes up the main device as needed to act on particular requests from the network, but otherwise allows it to sleep most of the time. • The first IT products with this capability have been introduced over the last 18 months; more to follow with policy and program encouragement. 56
  • 57. A SAMPLE OF A PROXY INSTALLED IN A COMPUTER’S NETWORK INTERFACE CARD Source: B. Nordman, LBNL 57
  • 58. POPULAR TASKS AND ASSOCIATED POWER USE 58
  • 59. POWER USE DURING NON-ACTIVE MODES 59
  • 60. Source : IOUs Title 20 Efficiency Standards Workshop, August 2008 60
  • 61. Source : IOUs Title 20 Efficiency Standards Workshop, August 2008 61
  • 63. FUTURE RESEARCH NEEDS • Energy use of and savings opportunities for servers and server closets • Savings potential from behavioral changes • Incremental cost of measures • Plug load demand impacts • Equipment and technology improvements • Continuous outreach and education efforts • Consistent plug load definitions for benchmarking • In order to provide adequate feedback to building occupants, the wiring of commercial buildings needs to be done differently to meter key sub-systems. 63
  • 64. THANK YOU! Catherine Mercier Project lead, Research & Policy Ecova Durango, CO cmercier@ecova.com (970) 259-6801 ext. 311 Chris Calwell Senior fellow, Research & Policy Ecova Durango, CO ccalwell@ecova.com (970) 259-6801 ext. 301 64
  • 65. New work… Office Plug Loads: Best Practice Guideline Others Others
  • 66. Questions? Download the Executive Summary and Full Report Learn more: www.ecova.com www.newbuildings.org