Foundations of Totalitarianism

Slideshow Transcript

1. Slide 1: Foundations of Totalitarianism Slide 1
2. Slide 2: Totalitarianism • Form of government that theoretically permits no individual freedom and seeks to subordinate all aspects of an individual's life to the authority of the government • Mussolini coined the term “totalitario” • "All within the state, none outside the state, none against the state." Slide 2
3. Slide 3: Fascist Model Power Here State casts State = The aside all who eternal, do not serve its State lasting purpose I I I I I Individual = Individual exists to temporary, expendable serve the State (a tool) Slide 3
4. Slide 4: Democratic Model Power Here Individual I I I I I is most important State serves the individual and may be The replaced as expendable if it State violates personal right to life, liberty, property Slide 4
5. Slide 5: Influences of WWI • Russia – Tremendous human losses, land devastated – To exit war early, Russia gave Germany vast amount of land – Did not participate in peace process, land given to Germany mostly granted independence Slide 5
6. Slide 6: Influences of WWI • Italy – Gained very little in proportion to losses– only a small portion of Austria-Hungary – Remember Italy switched sides because it thought it could gain more land by aligning with the Allied Powers Slide 6
7. Slide 7: Influences of WWI • Germany – War guilt clause – Demilitarization – Severe reparations Slide 7
8. Slide 8: Influences of WWI • The “Total War” ideology behind WWI led to the idea that individuals must make sacrifices and strict government control is necessary for victory Slide 8
9. Slide 9: Why Europe in the 1920’s and 1930’s? • Countries had no tradition of self- government before WWI – the new self-government was forced upon nations not ready for it • 1930’s saw a world wide depression, making struggling democracies face more problems Slide 9
10. Slide 10: Characteristics of Totalitarian Regimes • Support does not come instantaneously – gradually increases with use of modern communication and transportation • A "permanent revolution" occurring – nation is always pursuing a special goal Slide 10
11. Slide 11: Characteristics of Totalitarian Regimes • Replaces all political institutions with new ones and erases all legal, social, and political traditions. • Directed violence controlled by the government becomes an important tool Slide 11
12. Slide 12: Characteristics of Totalitarian Regimes • Police not limited by laws • Leaders are unpredictable, never allowing the people to feel completely safe • New media technology used to spread propaganda Slide 12
13. Slide 13: Characteristics of Totalitarian Regimes • Nationalistic tendencies QuickTimeﾪ and aCinepak decompressorare needed to see this picture. Slide 13
14. Slide 14: Characteristics of Totalitarian Regimes • Mystical and Sensual Slide 14
15. Slide 15: Characteristics of Totalitarian Regimes • Military State Slide 15
16. Slide 16: Characteristics of Totalitarian Regimes • Military State Slide 16
17. Slide 17: Characteristics of Totalitarian Regimes • Exalt Youth Slide 17
18. Slide 18: Characteristics of Totalitarian Regimes • Charismatic Leaders Slide 18
19. Slide 19: Left vs Right Totalitarianism Left Wing - Communism Right Wing – Fascism/Nazism Power comes from Power comes from Power Base workers wishing to upper and middle eliminate class classes who wish to structures – keep/increase personal redistributing power to status the working class • Government still Industry • Collective and/or supports capitalism and governmental private ownership of ownership of industry industry – as long as business goals are in line with nation goals Slide 19
20. Slide 20: Left vs Right Totalitarianism Left Wing - Communism Right Wing – Fascism/Nazism Location Countries with limited Industrialized nations development / with a substantial industrialization middle class Violent overthrow of Not as violent, usually Type of Change previous regime relies upon existing upper and middle Old institutions classes for support replaced with a Previous institutions completely new system of government kept, but altered to fit new needs Slide 20