Sample test report for alstom make micom P546 with some small explanation about how the testing is done.

1. TEST REPORT FOR ALSTOM MAKE MICOM P546 LINE DIFFERENTIAL RELAY
1. RELAY CHARACTERISTICS:
Type No.: MiCOM P546 Designation : **
Model No : P54631NH7M0710M Nominal Current : 1 A
Serial Number : 32178851/06/12 Nominal Voltage :Vn 100- 120 VAC – 50/60 HZ
Make : ALSTOM Aux. Volts : Vx 110-250 VDC 100-240 VAC
Note: This particular relay is configured according to the site schematic provided.
2. CT & VT DATA:
3. PRELIMINARY CHECKS:
4. GENERAL CHECKS
Checking Results
Dry cell battery voltage (Remove battery isolation strip)
Auxiliary voltage value on terminals M2 ( + ) and M1 ( - )
Watchdog contact
when relay OFF
Terminals M11 and M12 Closed
Terminals M13 and M14 Open
Watchdog contact
when relay ON
Terminals M11 and M12 Open
Terminals M13 and M14 Closed
Check if the frequency is set on required value
Healthy relay LED operation check
CT rated primary current set as 2000 A
CT rated secondary current set as 1.0A
Ignd-CT rated primary current set as 2000 A
Ignd-CT rated secondary current set as 1.0A
Rated primary voltage (L-L) set as 132 KV
Rated secondary voltage (L-L) set as 110 V
Case earth installed?
LCD front panel display
Clock set to local time?

2. 5. DISPLAY READINGS
Circuit Injected Value Phases Expected Value
Displayed Value
Primary
Voltage
63.5
Phase A / 0°
Phase B / -120°
Phase C / 120°
VAN 76.21 kV 76.23 kV
VBN 76.21 kV 76.25 kV
VCN 76.21 kV 76.30 kV
VAB 132.0 kV 132.1 kV
VBC 132.0 kV 132.1 kV
VCA 132.0 kV 132.1 kV
Current
1.0 A
Phase A / 0°
Phase B / -120°
Phase C / 120°
IA 2000 A 2002 A
IB 2000 A 1999 A
IC 2000 A 2007 A
IN 0.00 A 10.39 A
Frequency 60.0 Hz - 60.0 Hz 60.0 Hz
MW Va, Vb, Vc = 57.74V
Ia, Ib, Ic =1A
Angle between V&I = 0.0 degree
- 457.3 MVA 458.1 MVA
MVAR - 0.0 MVAR -0.12 MVAr
MVA - 457.3 MW 458.3 MW
6. FUNCTIONAL TESTS
6.1 Current differential bias characteristic (87-1)
Setting:
Item Description Setting
1 IS1 0.20 A
2 Is2 2.0 A
3 K1 30 %
4 K2 150 %
5 T 0 Sec
Pick-up & Time test:-
*NOTE: The Relay will be tested at loopback internal mode
It should be noted that the minimum operating current is related, but not equal to the Is1 SETTING
Consider a single end fed fault with no load but fault current, I:-
|Idiff| = I
|Ibias| = ½I
Assuming |Ibias| < Is2, then, using the equations from section 2.1( from manual ), the relay will operate if:-
|Idiff| > k1.| Ibias| + Is1 or
I > k1.½I + Is1 or
I> Is1 / (1 - 0.5 k1)
The minimum operating current is therefore a function of the Is1 and k1 settings. Since k1 is recommended to be
set to 30%, the minimum operating current will be:-
Imin = 1.176 1s1
I Diff I > ( k1 * I I Bias I+ Is1 )/2 = 0.118 A
Fault Type
Expected Pickup
In Amp
Actual Pickup
In Amp
Drop-off
In Amp
Expected Trip
Time
in m-sec
Actual Trip Time
in m-sec at
2 x I Pickup
A-N 0.118 A 0.120 0.088 <40 ms 31
B-N 0.118 A 0.120 0.089 <40 ms 28
C-N 0.118 A 0.120 0.088 <40 ms 35

3. Lower slope test (Injected current < Is2)
|Ιdiff| >( k1.| Ιbias| + Ιs1)/2=0.25 A
Bias current
injected in phase
(Amps)
Differential
current injected
in phase
Expected
differential current
for tripping
(Amp)
Measured
value of diff.
current
(Amp)
Expected Trip
Time
in m-sec
Actual Trip Time
in m-sec at
2 x I Pickup
A B C A B C
00 1.0 00 X 00 00 0.25 0.254 <40 ms 32
00 00 1.0 00 X 00 0.25 0.253 <40 ms 28
1.0 00 00 00 00 X 0.25 0.252 <40 ms 29
Upper slope test (Injected current > Is2)
|Ιdiff| > (k2.| Ιbias| - (k2 - k1). Ιs2 + Ιs1)/2=1.15A
Bias current
injected in phase
(Amps)
Differential
current injected
in phase
Expected
differential current
for tripping
(Amp)
Measured
value of diff.
current
(Amp)
Expected Trip
Time
in m-sec
Actual Trip Time
in m-sec at
2 x I Pickup
A B C A B C
00 3.0 00 X 00 00 1.15 1.158 <40 ms 24
00 00 3.0 00 X 00 1.15 1.159 <40 ms 25
3.0 00 00 00 00 X 1.15 1.155 <40 ms 25
7.1 Distance protection (21-1) – Attachments-
Resistive Zone Reach check (quadrilateral characteristics only)
Item Description Checked
1 Print out from FREJA attached
Impedance tolerance: +/- 5% for zone 1 and +/- 10 % for other zones.
PH-E (G) : - Resistive reach: Rn (Ω/Loop) = RGn (Ω)/ (1+Kz).
- Reactive reach: Xn (Ω/Loop) = Zn (Ω) * sin (ΦLG)
- Compensation factor KZ = 1/3((Zo-Z1)/Z1).
- Line impedance ZLG = RLG+J XLG = 1/3(2*ZLph +ZOL)
PH-PH (PH): - Resistive reach: Rphn (Ω/ph) = Rphn (Ω/Loop) / 2.
- Reactive reach: Xn (Ω) = Zn (Ω) * sin (ΦLph).
- Line impedance ZLph = RLph+J XLph.
7.2 Distance OPERATING TIME TESTING:
Item Description Checked
1 Print out from FREJA attached
7.3 Distance protection SCHEME TESTING:
Setting:
§ Aid Dist delay =0.0 m sec
I. Permissive Over Reach Scheme:
Send logic: Carrier Send = Z2 : 34 m sec
Trip logic: Trip = Z2 + CR : 38.0 m sec (Aid Dist Delay + Trip Time = 0+35 msec)
Trip logic: Trip = Z2 w/o CR : 434 m sec

4. II. Current Reversal Logic Check (Permissive Over Reach Scheme):
§ Apply a reverse / forward fault to check: For All Zone
Fault type t rev guard setting (m sec) t rev guard measured (m sec) (trev+Aid Delay)
Reverse/ forward 70 86 (70+Trip)
Test : Reverse zone in sequence 1, Iin sequence 2 = Z2+ carreier receive
7.4 Distance protection Power Swing Blocking - PSB
Setting : Enable Slow Swing
Blocked zone for Power Swing Blocking Z1-Z2-Z3-Z4 = OK
Power swing blocking delay time
Set Measured
---- ----
7.5 Distance protection Switch On To Fault - SOTF
SOTF BY C.B CLOSING BI:
Zone concerned by SOTE: Z1
SOTF pulse time set = 500 ms
SOTF pulse time measured = 539 ms
Check SOTF work with concerned zone= [ Z1 - OK ]
Check SOTF trip time at fault at Z1 = 24 ms
Check SOTF trip time at fault at Z2 = 436 ms
Check SOTF trip time at fault at Z3 = 835 Sec
Check SOTF trip time at fault at Z4 = 1.228 Sec
Configure BI. (set SOTF) DDB# 488 as CB manual close command to check first state
To measure SOTF pulse time configure BO as SOTF ACTIVE and use it as dual contact
7.6 VT Supervision Test:
7.6.1 Loss of one or two phases test:
Fixed setting V2=10V
-Apply 3 Phase rated voltage (Ur V) with balanced angles.
-Apply 3 Phase rated current (Ir A) with balanced angles.
-for the phase under test start decrease the voltage on one phase and / or two phases
till you get Internal fuse fail (fuse fail without time lag).
- For time test inject voltage more than V2.and stop freja BO. VTF alarm
Fixed setting: V2 = 10 volt, I2> inhibit less than setting.=50 mA
Phase Normal Voltage Pick up Drop off Set Time (Sec) Measured Time (Sec)
One phase 63.5 33.58 35.12
5.0
5.022
Two phase 63.5 33.58 35.10 5.024
- CHECK THE FUSE FAIL BLOCKING BY I2> inhibit (simulate 3 phase voltage to get fuse Fail,
for I2> Apply 3 Phase equal current (Ir A) with balanced angles and increase one phase to get I2 more than the setting
Value it will inhibit fuse fail then decrease again phase till you get fuse fail
-Check the relay trip unblocking during the internal fuse fail by any fault : [ ok ]
Simulate 2 stages: - stage 1; inject 3 phase voltage to get fuse fail and zero current.
- stage 2; inject the same voltage as in stage 1, inject 3 phase current to get a value greater than I2> inhibit.
7.6.2 Loss of all 3 phase voltages under load condition test (detect 3p):
Fixed Setting: a- for fuse fail pick up; V1=10 volts.
b- for fuse fail reset; V1=30 volts.
Pick up (v) Reset (v)
10.0 30.03
Check the blocking of the relay when the general block functions (VT MCB TRIP) is activated [ ok ]

5. 7.7.1 Distance Directional Test:
Fixed Direction Measured Direction
Forward 330° - 150° Forward 329.6 – 149.6
Reverse 150° - 330° Reverse 149.7 – 329.5
7.7.2 Distance Minimum Pick up current Test:
Zones
Current setting for
Phase Fault (mA)
Measured Pick up
current(mA)
Current setting for
Ground Fault (mA)
Measured Pick up
current(mA)
Z1 500 505 250 254
Z2 500 504 250 252
Z3 500 504 250 252
ZP --- --- --- ---
Z4 500 504 250 255
8. Fault Locator Function:
Line Length: 21.51 Km Line impedance: 15.32 Ω ФL: 76.0 degree
Fault Type Fault Impedance Z (Ω) Expected display (km) Actual display (km)
A-N(25)% 3.83 5.38 5.374
A-B(50)% 7.66 10.75 10.76
A-B(75)% 11.49 16.13 16.16
A-B-C(100)% 15.32 21.51 21.44
*We inject Z with line angle
9. Directional earth fault protection - DEF (67N-1)
DEF status : Enabled DEF polarizing : Zero sequence
DEF VNpol set : 5.0 V DEF Forward threshold : 150.0 mA
DEF Char angle : -60° DEF Reverse threshold : 100.0 mA
9.1 Pick up current 3Io:
Phases
Pick-up Current mA Drop-off Current ma
Expected Set
Measured
Expected
Measured
Forward Reverse Forward Reverse
A
±5%
149 101
95% set ±5%
146 97
B 150 100 143 96
C 149 99 145 96
-Apply 3 phase volts of rated value (63.51 volt) with balanced angles.
-for the phase under test start reducing voltage till you get Vn more thane vpolarizing
Apply 3 phase current with balanced angles for the phase under test start increasing current till you get pick-up; then
decrease again till you get reset.
9.2 Directional Test
RCA Angle (Degree) Forward Operating Area (from-to in Degree) Reverse Operating area (from-to in Degree)
-60° 209.3 – 29.8 29.9 – 209.2

6. 9.3 Polarizing Voltage (3V0) Pick up and Drop off Test:
Vn(3V0) setting
Vn (3V0) measured
Pick up Drop off
5.0 V 4.98 4.93
NOTE: -Apply balanced current at 3 phase for phase under testing up slowly till get In more than 3Io setting
-Apply 3 phase volts of rated value (57.73 volt) with balanced angles.
-for the phase under test start reducing voltage till you get pick-up; then increase again till you get reset
9.3 DEF Scheme check:
§ Aid DEF delay = 20 m sec
I. Scheme: permissive over reach
SEND : DEF STFW : 42.0 m sec
DEF AIDED TRIP : DEF STFW + CR : 65.0 m sec
DEF AIDED TRIP : DEF STFW w/o CR: infinity SEC
II. Current Reversal Logic Check (Permissive Over Reach Scheme):
§ Apply a reverse / forward fault to check: t rev guard:
Fault type t rev guard setting (m sec) t rev guard measured (m sec)
Reverse/ forward 20.0 94.0 (DEF Trip+ trev Guard)
Note: This measured value included Delay Time and DEF Pick up time
10. Over Current/ Earth Fault Protection ( Non Directional ) :
10.1 Pickup/Drop off/ Timing Test: Definite Time
Phase Setting Pick up Drop off DT time at 2xpick up
A
1.0 A.& 2.5 Sec
0.999 0.950 2.530
B 0.998 0.950 2.528
C 0.997 0.948 2.522
N 0.25 A.& 2.5 Sec 0.248 0.229 2.520
11. Auto Reclose Start and Block Test
Zone Fault Auto Reclose Start Auto Reclose Block Remarks
ZONE 1
R-N ok X ok
Y-N ok X ok
B-N ok X ok
R-Y X ok ok
Y-B X ok ok
B-R X ok ok
R-Y-B X ok ok
ZONE 2
R-N X ok ok
Y-N X ok ok
B-N X ok ok
R-Y X ok ok
Y-B X ok ok
B-R X ok ok
R-Y-B X ok ok

7. ZONE 3
R-N X ok ok
Y-N X ok ok
B-N X ok ok
R-Y X ok ok
Y-B X ok ok
B-R X ok ok
R-Y-B X ok ok
ZONE 4
R-N X ok ok
Y-N X ok ok
B-N X ok ok
R-Y X ok ok
Y-B X ok ok
B-R X ok ok
R-Y-B X ok ok
12. Logic Input check:-
Input Terminal Circuit Result
BI-1 E1 − E2 DIFF PROTN. IN OK
BI-2 E3 − E4 DIFF PROTN. OUT OK
BI-3 E5 − E6 DIST RECEIVED OK
BI-4 E7 − E8 DEF RECEIVED OK
BI-5 E9 – E10 DTT FAULTY OK
BI-6 E11 − E12 TELEPROTN. FAULT OK
BI-7 E13 − E14 LR1 SWITCH LOCAL OK
BI-8 E15 − E16 LR1 SWITC REMOTE OK
BI-9 C1 − C2 CB Q0 CLOSED OK
BI-10 C3 − C4 CB Q0 OPEN OK
BI-11 C5 − C6 VT MCB TRIP OK
BI-12 C7 − C8 SET1 VT FUSE FAIL OK
BI-13 C9 – C10 CB MANUAL CLOSE OK
BI-14 C11 − C12 SET2 PROTN. DC FAIL OK
BI-15 C13 − C14 SPARE OK
BI-16 C15 − C16 SPARE OK
BI-17 G1 − G2 SET-1 25A FAULTY OK
BI-18 G3 − G4 SET-1 25A TEST MODE OK
BI-19 G5 − G6 SET-1 94-1 OPTD OK
BI-20 G7 − G8 SET-1 94-1 FAIL OK
BI-21 G9 – G10 DTT RECEIVED OK
BI-22 G11 − G12 TC1 FAULTY OK
BI-23 G13 − G14 SET-1 AC FAIL OK
BI-24 G15 − G16 SPARE OK
13. Output Relay check :

8. Relay Terminal Contact Circuit Result
RL1 L1 – L2 NO GENTRL TRIP-94-1 OK
RL2 L3 – L4 NO DIST SIGNAL SEND OK
RL3 L5 – L6 NO DEF SIGNAL SEND OK
RL4 L7 – L8 NO A/R START OK
RL5 L9 – L10 NO A/R BLOCK OK
RL6 L11 – L12 NO VT FAIL -25A BLK OK
RL7 L13–L14–L15 C/O DIFF PROTN. IN OK
RL8 L16–L17–L18 C/O DIFF PROTN. OUT OK
RL9 K1 – K2 NO DIFF PROTN. OPTD OK
RL10 K3 – K4 NO DIST PROTN. OPTD OK
RL11 K5 – K6 NO SPARE OK
RL12 K7 – K8 NO SPARE OK
RL13 K9 – K10 NO SPARE OK
RL14 K11 – K12 NO SPARE OK
RL15 K13–K14–K15 C/O SPARE OK
RL16 K16–K17–K18 C/O SPARE OK
RL17 J1 – J2 NO SPARE OK
RL18 J3 – J4 NO SPARE OK
RL19 J5 – J6 NO SPARE OK
RL20 J7 – J8 NO SPARE OK
RL21 J9 – J10 NO SPARE OK
RL22 J11 – J12 NO SPARE OK
RL23 J13–J14–J15 C/O SPARE OK
RL24 J16–J17–J18 C/O SPARE OK
RL25 H1 – H2 NO SPARE OK
RL26 H3 – H4 NO SPARE OK
RL27 H5 – H6 NO SPARE OK
RL28 H7 – H8 NO SPARE OK
RL29 H9 – H10 NO SPARE OK
RL30 H11 – H12 NO SPARE OK
RL31 H13–H14–H15 C/O SPARE OK
RL32 H16–H17–H18 C/O SPARE OK
14. LED check :
Relay Lables Color Status Result
LED1 R-PHASE TRIP RED Latch OK
LED2 Y-PHASE TRIP RED Latch OK
LED3 B-PHASE TRIP RED Latch OK
LED4 DIFF. TRIP RED Latch OK

9. LED5 ZONE 1 TRIP RED Latch OK
LED6 ZONE DELAYED(Z2/Z3/Z4) TRIP RED Latch OK
LED7 ZONE AIDED TRIP RED Latch OK
LED8 DEF TRIP RED Latch OK
FnKey LED1 O/C or E/F TRIP RED Latch OK
FnKey LED2 DIST SEND RED Latch OK
FnKey LED3 DIST RECEIVE RED Latch OK
FnKey LED4 DEF SEND RED Latch OK
FnKey LED5 DEF RECEIVE RED Latch OK
FnKey LED6 SOTF RED Latch OK
FnKey LED7 POWER SWING RED Latch OK
FnKey LED8 TELE PROTN. FAULTY RED Non - Latch OK
FnKey LED9 VT MCB TRIP / FUSE FAIL RED Non - Latch OK
FnKey LED10 DIFF. BLOCK / COMM FAIL RED Non - Latch OK