Gene Modification

Gene Modification
Describe the various methods that have been developed to achieve targeted gene modification in
animals and plants and discuss their applications.
For many years, There have been many discoveries in the world of science such as; the structure of
deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) by Watson and Crick, the purines and pyrmides of DNA by the
Human Genome Project, yet despite discovering genetic changes associated with Huntington's
disease, Alzheimer's Disease, and thousands of other diseases with deleterious genetic mutations,
The process of openly altering the structure of DNA and using it in many industries from agriculture
to clinical research has only just began.
Gene targeting is the process of locating the desired genetic factor, then ... Show more content on
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An example of a selectable marker that is commonly used would be puromycin–N–acetyl–
transferase (pac) gene, which confers resistance to the antibiotic puromycin, a drug that inhibits the
function of ribosomes. After the DNA is constructed, the cells are cultured with puromycin in the
medium, allowing the selection of single cells that have incorporated the DNA construct into their
own chromosomes. Cells which haven't taken to the pac gene will die in a culture medium
containing puromycin. Once the puromycin resistant cells have been expanded into cell lines, the
DNA of these cells can then be analysed and separated from the subset of the cells in which the
introduced construct has integrated into the correct gene.
Although most of the experiments have been conducted in a clinical sense, there have been studies
conducted in mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells. The clone of ES cells with the correct targeting
event has been analysed and selected, they are then transferred into the mouse via the process of
blastocyst injection. The mouse is then put under observation, allowing the study of gene function in
the bodies of living, intact animals. Further research has shown that other animals are also capable
of undergoing targeted mutations into the germ line. The development of nuclear transfer (moving
the nucleus from one cell to another), however, has allowed gene targeting to be done in other
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Home Modifications For A Person 's Environment
Home modifications are changes made to a person's environment to increase their level of
independence, heighten occupational performance, and to prevent possible accidents. There are
many ways to modify a home such as architectural (ramp), adaptive equipment (reacher), major
home renovations (bathroom/bedroom), and even simple safety modifications such as removal of
throw rugs and wearing shoes when walking (Stark, Landsbaum, et al., 2009).
Among the many OT interventions available for baby boomers, and others that are getting older, one
of the most beneficial ones is home modifications. How can home modifications impact someone's
life? According to Aplin, Jonge, and Gustafsson (2015), home modifications can impact five areas
(dimensions): the personal, occupational, physical, temporal, and social aspects. During a study of
42 modified households, these dimensions were investigated in depth. The personal aspect
represented safety, appearance, independence, and freedom. Are home modifications always readily
accepted by the client? Participants enjoyed the ability to do activities on their own in a secure
manner. However, some people stated that the modifications were not up to their home appearance
standards. Furthermore, some participants were disappointed in the amount of control they had over
their modifications. They stated that insurance had guidelines and restrictions that hindered what
they had expected. The occupational dimension allowed many people to perform

Modification Of Spray And Wait Protocol For Vdtn
Modification in Spray and Wait Protocol for VDTN
Vyomal Pandya*1 , Prashant Dolia#2 ,Sharmila N. Rana*3,
*Electronics And Communication Department,C.K.Pithawalla College of Engg.& Tech., Surat,
Gujarat,India
#Department of Computer Science And Applications, Maharaja Krishnakumarsinhji Bhavanag
University, Bhavnagar,Gujarat,India
1vyomal.pandy@ckpcet.ac.in 2prashant.dolia@yahoo.com 3sharmila.rana@ckpcet.ac.in
Abstract: Because of high speed of vehicles, short contact durations and rapid changes in topology
occurs in Vehicular Delay Tolerant Network (VDTN). This will generates few transmission
opportunities and high and unpredictable delay. This problem can be solved by different routing
protocol of VDTN. The VDTN protocol can be divided as single copy and multi copy. In single
copy protocol the node is allowed to generate the unique copy of message and forward it on a
unique path. The multi copy protocols generate and transmit the multiple copies of each message
and forward it along various paths. If more number of copies spread in network there are more
chances for successful transmission. The objective of paper is to improve performance of VDTN by
modifying existing Spray and Wait protocol. In this paper we provide proposed algorithm for
modify spray and wait protocol for improving delivery probability with different number of message
copy. The modifications based on stored number of message copies at source/rely nodes and
encountered nodes ratio.
I. INTRODUCTION

Germline Modification
Each cell in our body contains a library of information called the genome. This information
determines nearly all of our traits, ranging from eye color to susceptibility to certain diseases. The
genome is divided into chromosomes, which can be thought of as the shelves in the library. The
books on these shelves are genes. A gene is the smallest unit of heredity and defines a single,
specific characteristic. Genes are written using a special alphabet called DNA.
Scientists have been trying to find a way to manipulate DNA since its discovery back in 1950. For
many, the goal has been to be able not only to make changes, but make precise and specific changes.
Most of the early attempts succeeded with the first part but failed at the second. Recently, ... Show
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Today, with the recent discovery of CRISPR for gene–editing, it is very much a possibility. This
rapid scientific progress has sparked a fierce debate about the ethics of germline modification. In
December 2015, an international group of scientist convened at a three–day forum in Washington,
DC and concluded by calling for a moratorium on the clinical use of CRISPR to modify the human
germline (McCarthy, 2015). Several of those in attendance wrote "recommend that steps be taken to
strongly discourage... any attempts at germline genome modification for clinical application in
humans, while societal, environmental, and ethical implications of such activity are discussed
among scientific and governmental organizations" []. One consequence of this disagreement is that
some religious institutions remain skeptical about taking part in gene–editing research and limit
opportunities for their students to get involved in this field. In this essay, I will show that germline
modification is ethical, and make the case for why such schools should embrace gene–editing
research. Specifically, I will try to convince the faculty and administration at Saint Louis University
that they should offer federal work–study internships in partnership with Monsanto labs for students
interested in learning about

Body Modification Workplace
Body Modification In The Workplace
Imagine a young boy in his late teens walking down a busy street with numerous piercing on his
face and his hands, and neck covered in countless tattoos. The very first thoughts that pop up tend to
be "Uneducated" or "scary", society is quick to judge. There is always a lot of controversy when it
comes to body modifications. Most people instantly have an opinion of them; they either love them
or hate them. What is not realized is the fact that there is a ton of time and effort put into the design
and or locations of the tattoo/body piercing. People get body modifications as a way of self–
expression and being set free from their boring lives. Unfortunately, in the business world, most
executives do not believe there is such a thing as an "acceptable" body modification and see them as
a sign of rebellion. Employers may argue that tattoos/piercings in the workplace are inappropriate,
unprofessional, and even distracting. Although tattoos and body piercings are not respected by
certain demographics and may portray negative images that may be ... Show more content on
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This piercing is given upon the transition to adulthood for young women, and in some cases is never
removed. These traditions remain strong in these cultures and can be seen in practice today. Pacific
Island cultures also practice ritual body modification including both tattoos and piercings (Why Do
People Get Body Piercings?). it's not always just a body modification, it is sometimes more than
that. For military families or those with deceased relatives, tattoos are placed on a person's body as a
remembrance or honor to their loved ones. It's a permanent tombstone the person carries on their
body. Employers should not discriminate against something that has such a deep meaning behind
what is easily seen on the outside. Employees shouldn't be forced to cover up something they truly
desire and cherish on their

Body Modifications: Tattoos and Body Piercings Essay
How far is too far when it comes to body modifications, such as tattooing and body piercing. Until
those who tattoo and pierce to excess, realize the stigma they are placing on the art, the United
States government should regulate where and to what degree tattoo artists can legally tattoo or
pierce. To answer the question of why people tattoo, one would have to look back to how the early
civilization made a living and their opinions on the world around them. Prehistoric people may have
been the first to mark the human body for practical purposes. Tens of thousands of years ago
mineral pigments were used to preserve the bodies of humans and animal skins, while also
neutralizing the odor of decay. Paul G. Bahn, an archaeologist and ... Show more content on
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This tattoo parlor is thought to be the first in the United States. Back in the day individuals were not
too big on regulations until the 1950s and 1960s. Samuel Steward from Chicago said: The floor was
a filthy mess of mud, sawdust, dried spittle, torn newspapers, and wine bottles here and there. The
flash on the walls had a primitive look. The machines were powered by an old–current
generator...the needles were filthy with such a gummy coating of old dried ink splatters and grease
that you were afraid to touch them. (Body Marks 4)
City officials began to restrict or ban tattooing because of concerns about health issues. An outbreak
of hepatitis during the 1950s was allegedly connected to Coney Island tattoo artists, who were
suspected of working under unsanitary conditions. There are few regulations when it comes to
tattoos and body piercings but there are many risks. The tattoo parlor must be clean by the state
regulations. When it comes to a tattoo, the skin must first be prepared. An artist will shave the area
when necessary, wipe alcohol over the surface of the skin, rub a solvent on the skin, then place the
design in the proper place. This is allowed to dry for a few seconds, Vaseline or Vitamin A and D
ointment is applied tot he area. The alcohol obviously disinfects the skin, but the Vitamin A and D
ointment or Vaseline serves as a dual purpose of preventing drag as the needle tube moves over the

Lifestyle Modification
The role of lifestyle modification in the treatment of migraines is to prevent future migraines by
identifying the triggers, finding suitable medications, and enforcing preventative measures. The first
step of making a lifestyle change to treat migraines would be to identify the environmental triggers
that cause migraines. There is not an identifiable cause of migraines because of the wide variety of
them, but there are some known triggers that cause migraines. These include hormone imbalances in
women, food triggers, changes in weather, and possible alcohol (Mayo Clinic). Some food triggers
include cheeses, salty foods, and processed foods. By identifying these triggers, it is possible to
prevent future migraines. The second step is to find

Body Modification in America Essay
Body modification in American Culture
In recent years tattooing and body piercing have become increasingly prevalent in popular culture.
These forms of body modification are no longer tools used by criminals and gang member, showing
their role in society. These practices are used by many of teenagers and young adults in our society
today. In fact many of these practices have been a positive trend in American culture, giving
adolescents a way of expressing themselves
Studies have revealed a positive correlation between risky behaviors (such as the use of drugs,
cigarettes, and alcohol) and participation in body modification. There is a shortage of available
research, however, investigating the relationship between body modification and ... Show more
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Results suggested different levels of high–risk behavior.
There are many reasons for individuals to acquire body modifications. One possible reason for body
modifications is to gain attention through displays of extravagance such as those that are found in
people with histrionic disorder (Durand & Barlow, 2000). A study by Burger & Finkel
(2002) investigated reasons why people adorn their bodies with tattoos and body piercing. They also
researched unmodified participants' perceptions of body art. When the researchers polled participant
group as to their perceptions of body modifications, they found that many people associate tattoos
and body piercing with risky behaviors and view them as symbols of drug abuse and violence
(Burger & Finkel, 2002). They found that a main motivation for people to modify their bodies
is to increase self–esteem. The people polled found body art as beautiful and felt more beautiful
when they acquired it. A study conducted at Denison University by Lyons and Snyder (1996)
described the reasons why college men and women had tattoos and body piercing. The main reason
cited by the men with body modifications for getting tattooed or pierced was to identify themselves
with a certain group. Women, however, rated their tattoos and piercing to make themselves more
individualized or sexually appealing. Other popular reasons for displaying body modifications are to
carry on cultural traditions and to increase

Does Discrimination Against Body Modifications Still Exist?
Does Discrimination Against Body Modifications Still Exist? Does anti–discrimination laws pertain
to those with body modifications? If an employer does not have the right to deny employment to
someone due to their race, religion, and gender, then why should it be OK to turn someone away
just because of a small tattoo. The knowledge and potential of the employee do not cease to exist
due to their self–expression through their body art. A lot of potentially good employees have been
turned away because of body modifications: big or small. Unemployment rates are greatly affected
by body modifications. On the other hand, businesses and their work flow are also affected by it.
Business work flow and unemployment factor in customer satisfaction. Workplaces should not be
able to discriminate against potential employees with body modifications because it doesn't affect
their work performance, it goes against anti–discrimination laws, and it can lead into bigger
problems related to discrimination. Chances are people in highly educated professions have tattoos
but are covered by everyday clothes. It's a great possibility that many of us have interacted with
these people and we had no idea that they had body art, yet still thought of them as 'professional'.
Professionalism is defined as the competence or skill expected of a professional. What does body art
have to do with a person's 'profession'? Sles Scovell claims, "No empirical research or literature
review is given to justify the

Deviance : Tattoos, Piercings, And Body Modifications
Deviance: Tattoos, Piercings, and Body Modifications
Towan Cook
Georgia Gwinnett College
Deviant acts cannot be discussed without taking into account culture, perspective, and religion.
Every culture is known for their types of expressions though tattooing, piercings, and body
modification. Asian gangs such as the Yakuza are known for their full body tattoos, while African
tribes can be associated with wearing rings that stretch their necks. Often, these types of tattooing
and body modifications are seen as a sign of beauty or a sign of respect. In the United States,
tattooing, piercings, and body modifications are becoming more acceptable, in moderation.
Moderation is important when discussing tattooing and piercings. When tattooing, piercings, and
body modifications began to alter the overall appearance of the individual, the individual would be
considered deviant by majority of society. There are many individuals in the United States that have
tattoos and piercings, but majority of the people have tattoos that can be concealed or tattoos and
piercings that are not gaudy. An article titled, "Tattoos in the Workplace" discussed that in 2012 a
poll was conducted that stated that 21% of adults in the United States had tattoos (Osland, 2013).
However, nearly 60% of people that have tattoos, have them in areas that are hidden by clothes
(Kesling, 2013). Although this study may not cover every single individual in the United States, it
does give a

Gene Modification Cons
A gene is a part of cell in a living thing that controls what their appearance and characteristic are.
Children obtain their genes from their parents. Therefore, their characteristic and appearance are
gifts from God. However, parents can modify their offspring's genes and decide their children's
characteristic and appearance beforehand. Consequently, this technology gets controversial.
Opponents of gene modification claim that modification leads to the idea that children are the
product which was built up by their parents (Sandel 6). On the contrary, proponents argue that this
technology makes our social divisions smaller by creating perfect offspring (Green 2). Most of the
arguments against gene modification are based on the idea of strong ... Show more content on
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Opponents of gene modification claim that modification limits our freedom (Sandel 1). In this
argument, Sandel points out two reasons. One point is those modifiers, especially parents, manage
people's future (Sandel 1). For example, if people have been provided gene which expresses athlete
talents, they have no choice to be musicians. Second point is that gene modification decreases our
future options (Sandel 1). In term of thinking that human life as journey, there are numerous paths to
travel, but gene modification may close of a couple paths. However, gene modification does not
violate our freedom because people can choose their future by their own will and freedom
arguments rely on strong determinism. People's future will be shaped by their own will. Therefore,
Resnik and Vorhaus point out that "exerting control over a child's genotype does not give one
despotic control to shape 'their future according to one's will'" (6) For example, if people have genes
that enhance an athlete's talents, but they want to be musician, why not to be musician? The choice
depends on people's will and does not mean someone modified to be tall cannot play the piano well.
Therefore, gene modification may not restrict any options for their future. Freedom argument
assumes that strong genetic determinism. However, this strong genetic determinism hardly occurs in
nature. Therefore, freedom arguments about gene

Exciting Modifications
Since you have moved much has changed. Exciting modifications have transpired during past year.
Events including youth group, orchestra, and my own personal interests have taken dramatic turns.
Changes for the better and worse have been established. Youth group has altered noticeably only
recently. Instead of Impact it is titled six7; similarly, they have changed their logo as well. Although
I will constantly support youth group as a whole, I am having trouble adjusting to this change.
Currently we are in a lesson series called "I Am." It elaborates on topics about self–confidence. Pete
does a wonderful job engaging the audience, which is an impressive feat. Our friends are doing fine.
They are involved with multiple activities. This and youth group keeps them occupied. All in all,
youth group has seen a multitude of wonderful and difficult times after you left. ... Show more
This includes Chamber Strings, or Honors Orchestra. Honors Orchestra was initiated at the
beginning of the year. The difference between Honors and regular orchestra is that you need to try
out for Honors. There are 13 members; three first violins, three second violins, four violas, two
cellos, and one bass. I was fortunate to be placed as a second violin. My family is immensely proud.
Our music this year is exhilarating. We are playing contemporary songs and multiple classics. I have
practiced often only to find that the music is interestingly challenging. In addition, I have met
numerous people due to the incoming seventh graders. Having doubled the size of our orchestra to a
truly incredible size, the seventh graders are extraordinarily talented and enthusiastic. The orchestra
program has, and still is, continuing to enhance and

Comparative Analysis of the Theories and Methods Used in...
The following paper is a comparative analysis of the theories and methods used by the authors of
"Inked into Crime? An Examination of the Casual Relationships between Tattoos and Life–Course–
Offending among males from the Cambridge Study in Delinquent Development" (Jennings, Hahn,
Farrington 2014) and "Nonmainstream Body Modification: Genital Piercing, Branding, Burning,
and Cutting" (Myers 1992). Jennings, Hahn, and Farrington's article investigates the correlation
between tattoos and deviant behavior. In addition, the researches ultimately want to discover if the
relationship between tattoos and crime may in fact be casual, or are just another symptom of
developmental risk factors and personality traits (Jennings, Hahn, Farrington 79). ... Show more
Included in the study were males, females, homosexuals, heterosexuals, and bisexuals. Myers spent
a vast amount of time exploring various workshops and tattoo/piercing studios observing,
interviewing, and lecturing individuals on his current study. An example of this is when Myers
attended the Living in Leather Convention as he stated "I was able to expand my involvement by
showing my body modification slides to several people, attending parties, and helping out at the
host organization's hospitality suite" (1992:176). Though both studies rely heavily on body
modification, they differ in a couple of ways. While the first study was considered a longitudinal
study, the second one was considered a quasi–experimental study. The first study was done in a
period of 53 years while the second study was done in a period of 2 years. Another difference is that
the first study relied on a different type of sampling than the second. The first one involved quota
sampling because the researchers knew exactly who they wanted to choose for participants in their
study. The second study involved both random and accidental sampling for data observation and
collection.
I believe that Jennings, Hahn, and Farrington's (2014) study was less effective than Myer's study.
Though Jennings, Hahn, and Farrington's study is the first longitudinal study to measure tattoo–
crime link, there are a few limitations. Instead of using a quota sample of

Essay on Minitrucks and their effect on society
Mini–Trucking and its Effect on Society
The vehicle code handbook states that any modification done to a vehicle to alter it from its original
state violates the law. That single sentence has created more problems for custom vehicle owners
than can be imagined. Yet, at the same time, it has generated massive amounts of money for the state
of California. Modifying one's vehicle sets it apart from others and makes a statement about the
owner's individuality. Over the past decade, hacking up a vehicle, putting a trick paint job on it, and
developing an "out–of–control" sound system has evolved into a sport, not just a hobby. As with
everything, though, there is always someone or something to try and put a stop ... Show more
There are councils for car and truck clubs so the sport stays organized. Police are hired to keep these
vehicles off of the road. When a cop pulls a mini–truck over, it's usually because of it being too low,
or having the stereo system up to loud. But when looking over the vehicle a dozen other violations
become apparent. A few of these violations are: no door handles, no windshield wipers, a tinted
windshield, frame modifications, or a after market steering wheel. Yet, despite all of the
repercussions that may come from altering a vehicle, it is the sheer enjoyment of creativity that
gathers so many fans to the sport.
People are always trying to come up with new ways to express their creativity through their
vehicles. Different body or frame modifications can be seen at every truck show, in the parking lot
at the mall, or even driving by on the freeway. Every color imaginable has been painted on the metal
canvas of every type of vehicle on the road today. Some even have multiple colors in various images
displayed on the hoods, sides and tailgates. One of the most popular images of the past decade are
flames. These different displays of creativity are an excellent way to draw wanted and unwanted
attention to the driver and to the vehicle. Imagine this scenario: a mini–truck with bright blue flames
stretching from bumper to roll pan, dragging the frame on the ground

Behavior Modification Case Study Essay
Case Study Mark As a teacher having one student that cause disruptions and distractions in the
classroom can be a problem. This is due to the distractions that the student poses for those around
them and the typical disrespect that is shown to the teacher. Behavior modification can be done for
students but this process can take time, but the time it takes can also yield rewards. In this case
study we will be finding ways to modify a Mark's behavior, who is a 6th grader that poses problems
within the classroom.
Behavioral Theories Mark is often finding way to disrupt others in the classroom and tends to not
only distract those around himself, but his actions also affect his work completion. He is a class
clown who for his behavior has been reprimanded thorugh a number of ways. His behavior is not
longer acceptable, and his actions are causing him to spend more time out of class than he should.
The first step is to identify what behavrior theory fits Mark's leanred behavior. Mark's leanerd
behavior theory would be best at Operant Conditioning. This means that Mark would benefit from
"Behavior modification techniques based on operant conditioning. The main principle comprises
changing environmental events that are related to a person 's behavior" (McLeod, 2007). This would
allow the teacher to create a plan for Mark, that targets specific behaviors and from these behaviors
Mark would learn that there are both consequences and rewards for specific actions. This

Body Modifications
Participants: For my research question, I will have to find a sample out of the population who had
body modifications to be participants of my research. Participants that I wish to seek include people
who voluntarily got a body modification to change their physical appearance. I would like to sample
females and males from ages starting at 18. Although my target population is people who have body
modifications, I want a variety of participants ranging from people with and without body
modifications in order to provide variation in my data.
Procedure and Instruments: In the research I am trying to conduct, I am seeking to study the
relationship between body modifications and bullying. I will be conducting my research by using
both a quantitative and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
On the other hand, a qualitative research is more exploratory and the research has more control in
the research. Qualitative research can be conducted through interviews. It is good to use qualitative
methods in your research, but one can only use a small sample and often it is not representative.
Both methods complement each other in their weaknesses and strengths, so it is good to use both in
a research design. In the inductive approach of looking at my research, I would use the qualitative
method to perform interviews. I would have to pick a subject that has body modifications and a
topic guide to guide my interviews. In my interview, I would ask the subject about his or her
background. I would also ask questions that are related to the topic of bullying, culture, media, and
family. I want to explore other factors that might influence the person in getting body modifications.
Through I would then code the interview and assign a social type to the interviewee. For the
following interviews, I would want to pick a participant that is different from the previous
participant in order to

Behavior Modification
Behavior modification takes steps and actions in order for it to work. According to Driscoll, step one
is the problem must identify. Step two Determine appropriate reinforces. Step 3 identify an effective
reinforce. Step 4 implement the reinforcer to change or shape the behavior. At the school I currently
work at as an assistant teacher we have a student who is new to our school. She moved from
California to New York over the summer. California curriculum is different than New York. The
problem with the student is that she is currently in 3rd grade but was having a lot of trouble adapting
to our curriculum. She struggled a lot with math and reading to the point that she gave up doing her
work her when it became difficult. The teacher suggested

Body Modifications: The Deliberate Altering Of The Human Body
"Body modification (or body alteration) is the deliberate altering of the human anatomy or human
physical appearance." –Wikipedia
Body modifications have been practiced by humans for thousands of years. It's a common practice
in modern society, mainly to make one's body conform to societal or personal ideals of beauty.
There are other motives as well, such as health reasons, religious beliefs, shock value, and to display
affiliation or membership to a group. Some of the most common forms of body modification are:
Cutting and dying hair
Shaving and other forms of body hair removal
Tanning
Braces
Body piercings
Tattoos
Makeup
Although most of us are probably familiar with these modifications, and know someone who has
had them, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The majority of piercers use jewelry that is made of low quality materials, that can increase the risk
of the body rejecting the jewelry. The safest material for body piercings is titanium, as people have a
high percentage of allergies and sensitivity to other metals. The piercing material isn't the only thing
to look out for, though. On most piercing jewelry, there is a screw at the end of the post that allows
the wearer to screw a ball or other ornament on the end of it. The problem with this is, when
inserting the post, this sharp screw is forced to go through the piercing hole. This can create tiny
tears inside the piercing, and can cause inflammation or infection. I currently only know of one
piercer on Long Island who is a member of the Association of Professional Piercers. He uses high
quality materials and is very knowledgeable. His name is John Alonzo and he works at South Shore
Tattoo Co. on Merrick Road in Amityville. If you're ever in search of a skillful professional piercer
with an extensive knowledge on piercing safety, I highly recommend

Behavior Modification
The school in which I am attending is beginning to have a recycling problem. Recyclable items have
frequently been found in the garbage cans around school, and not in the proper recycling bins. To
solve this recycling problem, I have created a behavior modification plan in hopes to encourage
recycling throughout the school. The behavior we will be focusing on within this modification plan
is to reduce the amount of recyclable items found in the garbage cans throughout school. In order to
measure whether this behavior modification plan is working, we will examine the amount of
recyclable items found in the garbage cans. If this behavior modification plan is indeed working, the
number of recyclable items in the wrong bin will decrease. If

Body Modifications Are An Example Of External Cues
Impression formation begins immediately upon meeting someone or noticing him or her for the
first. People make a wide range of psychological judgments every single day and every time they
see some one, typically regarding a person's traits, moods, personality, and psychological states.
People typically base these judgments off of stereotypes, scripts, and other person–relevant
information, which generally leads to the judgments being somewhat inaccurate. Despite this,
people continue to intentionally and unintentionally use external cues to establish first impressions
and opinions within the first few seconds of seeing someone for the first time, and then make
perceptions about his or her potential personality and/or lifestyle.
Body ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The present study, conducted by Viren Swami et al. (2012), investigated how facial piercings could
or could not affect ratings of physical attractiveness and intelligence. Previous research regarding
this subject has had several limitations such as small samples and limited age of participants,
specifically undergraduate students. The goal of the investigators in this study was to build on
previous experiments and overcome previous limitations by recruiting a large, general population
sample as the participants for this experiment. Researchers recruited 440 participants for this study,
230 women and 210 men, from a southern German–speaking area of Europe. All of the participants
in the study were Caucasian and a majority of the participants were in a relationship, Christian, and
had completed secondary education. It is also important to note that 19.8% of the sample had a body
piercing other than the ear lobe. Ultimately, the researchers wanted to explore how facial piercings
and observer personality affected perceptions of physical attractiveness and intelligence
To discover the traits of the participants, the participants were given personality tests to discover
their scores for the "Big Five" personality traits, otherwise known as openness, conscientiousness,
extraversion, agreeableness, and emotional stability. They were then asked the

Body Modification In Imperial China
Body modification is art because it is showing your personality on the outside. How you're feeling
in the inside you're showing it on your skin. Teens and young adults want tattoos and piercing. It is
considered attractive to some people, most people love body modification. Some people disagree
that body modification is art. Many people today love to pierce their body or get tattoos. Most
people get a tattoo if it has a deep meaning to them. In some work places you need to cover up
tattoos and hide you're piercing because they look unprofessional to some businesses. They need to
realize some people can't cover up everything. If you can't cover up then you don't get the job.
Businesses need to realize that body modification is art and should ... Show more content on
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Some people have very deep meaning behind them. My sister got a tattoo flower for my
grandmother, and she got her favorite flower which was a Gerber daisy. She always used to say miss
me when we'd go out somewhere so she has miss me right under the flower. This tattoo has a lot of
meaning to her. You would consider thing meaningful and beautiful? Induvial are showing their
feelings as well. Some People are just trying to show their inner self. A guy on the news did
everything to his face to look like a cat. He has so paid so much money on body modification to
look like a cat. This man felt inside he was a cat and showed his feelings on the outside. All the
tattoos and everything he did was art because it was beautiful to see him be what he really wanted to
be.
Body modification has different opinions for different people. Religious reasons are a big thing but
you should be allowed to make your own decisions. Thousands of people have tattoos and piercings
and not all can remove them so we all need to take a better look on everything. Body modification is
art there is no doubt about it. It is expressing yourself how you want to and you should be allowed
to do it if you want to. Many people have different opinions on this subject and you're allowed to
think whatever you

Germline Modifications
ABSTRACT
This report investigates the current state of DNA Modification or in other words human germline
modification. With a highly concise of human germline modification is initially outlined. The study
then focuses on the development of DNA modifications in human and also the implementation of
this method in humans such as physical modification, immunity modification, and intelligence. This
study will also discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each modification.
INTRODUCTION
This report aims to evaluate the use and the impact of human's DNA modification and briefly to
discuss the advancement of this technology. The general manipulation of gene or DNA by human
beside mutation and breeding only existed in the 1970s. However, ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
For example, the gene therapy is very helpful in improving the human's health, looks, and
intelligence. As Maciamo Hay (2014) state that other than curing genetic disorders like color
blindness, cystic fibrosis, sickle–cell disease, Tay–Sachs disease or Huntington's disease, gene
therapy is also a non–invasive, relatively safe and, in most cases, free of side–effects gene
modification. Designer babies are created in order to produce the best embryo by selectively choose
the best seed whereas the scientist believes that just by changing the baby's DNA they can produce a
baby with physical appearance as the parents have requested such as the eye color, shape of the nose
and also remove the unwanted inherited disease. By examining various published journal articles
and internet sites regarding human germline modification history, description, process,
implementation, advantages and disadvantages, this report discusses the current state of DNA
human germline modification. The report then considers the use and the impact of human's DNA
modification. Thus, the purpose of this report is to classify the deployment of gene manipulation
and it's

The Approach Of Behavior Modification Within Classrooms
Behavior modification can be defined as a technique which focuses on punishment for behaviors
that are undesirable and rewards for behaviors that are desirable (Langa, 2014). The approach of
behavior modification is based off of the methodologies and findings of a famous psychologist who
researched the area of behaviorism, B.F. Skinner. Skinner, also known as the "Father of
Behaviorism," developed the theory of operant conditioning (Langa, 2014). In his research, Skinner
used reinforcements and punishments to support his theory of operant conditioning (Langa, 2014).
Punishments, which Skinner believed could be used to decrease the probability of a certain behavior
happening repeatedly, could be defined as the granting of displeasing stimulants (Langa, 2014).
Throughout his research, Skinner found that behaviors that are reinforced, or supported and
acknowledged, were usually repeated whereas behavior which was not reinforced usually weakens
or fades over time. Countless studies have been organized and carried out which have examined the
use of behavior modification within classrooms. In many classrooms, especially early childhood
settings, behavior modifications have been used. Teachers use behavior modification in their
classrooms in order to alter classroom behavior. In order to rework unwanted behaviors into
acceptable behaviors, teachers may use a series of reinforcements or punishments. Some
reinforcements, or positive stimulants, that teachers have

What Are Tattoos Affect Body Modifications?
I. Introduction
Are you among the group of individuals with a tattoo or facial piercing? Do you know anyone with
a tattoo or facial piercing? How many people do you work with that have body modifications? In
society today, 1 in every 10 Americans has a tattoo and . But for business owners looking to hire,
there lies some confliction. Individuals participating in body modifications around America face a
prejudice I never realized to be so prevalent among the job world until I conducted further research.
The trend to tattoo or pierce one's body has increased in popularity for the United States in recent
years and while the negative stigma of body modifications seems to be dwindling, many employers
continue to stand firm in their policies against ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This means that if an applicant has tattoos or piercings, they will most likely cover them in order to
land the job. In retrospect, we can say that we all modify our bodies every day to some degree.
Think about it. You wake up to brush your hair, choose a flattering outfit, put on a watch or jewelry
and you may even put makeup on to enhance your appearance. However, not everyone modifies
themselves via tattoo or piercing. So, what do you think of when tattoos and body piercings come to
mind? First, I picture this: some obscure girl, tattoo on the nape of her neck, nose ring hooped along
the outer nostril, working at Highland Coffees and reading Dostoyevsky while on a ten–minute
cigarette break. At other times I imagine a middle aged, overweight and leather–clad biker man
riding down the highway with arms fully extended flaunting a sleeve of tattoos. All judgments I've
just passed stem from the stereotype that society has given to the individual straying from the norm;
a stereotype that once associated any form of body modification as an act of rebellion and downright
appalling. For the last few centuries people from cultures all over the world have participated in
body modifications. The trend ranges from country to country. A group of monks in Thailand have
tattoos in order to gain spiritual protection and ward off

Epigenetic Modifications
As of late there has been more of a focus on the Epigenetics component of mental illness.
Due to this being a relatively new science, most of this is based on hypotheticals and hope.
Part of this is due to evidence that epigenetic modifications are sensitive to environmental change.
Some people (5) are taking note of the epigenome of healthy cell types to obtain reference
epigenomes using "high–density genome–wide next–generation sequence analysis". (6) Some think
that the growing amount of information given by epigenetic sequencing will lead to new clues as to
the cause and how to treat mental illnesses. Studies have pointed to several associations with
depression, schizophrenia and bipolar depression. This has yielded some interesting results, yet they
are not always reproducible. Due to this, it is unclear whether epigenetic association studies in
mental illness would be more productive. And then it gets complicated. When testing, large sample
sets we come across problems that detract from reliability, such as the use of control groups that
have been screened for lack of mental ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Despite what the light switch metaphor would have many people believe, individual DNA
methylation sites are usually partially methylated. This means that there are multiple sequences
from the same cell type or tissue preparation that must be run to estimate the percentage of
methylated nucleotides. Another limitation of epigenetics is the cell and tissue specificity of DNA
methylation. Epigenetic modifications are extremely variable and depend on cell type,
differentiation state and hormonal and environmental conditions. Every individual neuron could
have different patterns of DNA methylation or histone modification in their genome. Because of
this, the value of determining a reference cell epigenome is only usable sometimes. Especially for
neuron cells due to their inherent

Behavioral Modification
Behavioral modification is based off of B.F Skinner's operant conditioning. Behavior modification
is a term used to demonstrate a behavioral change, whether to increase or decrease the frequency of
a particular behavior. This technique can be used to alter a behavior by using; positive and negative
reinforcements, and continuous and partial/intermittent reinforcements. Behavioral modification is
important because we can learn to do more of what works, and less of what doesn't. A behavior that
I choose to modify is, my anti–social/shy behavior. Due to my shy characteristic it is hard for me to
break out of my shell and make new friends. When I am in a new environment, I often stay to
myself and observe others. I also tend to be

Body Modification for Cultural Adaptation? Essay
How should I look like to have the ideal body? An increasing number of women ask themselves this
question many times in their lives. Deborah Sullivan's essay, "Social Bodies: Tightening the Bonds
of Beauty", discloses the different cultural traditions that require various methods of body
modifications. Women should undergo such modifications to obtain social acceptance. Similarly,
"Pressures to Conform" by Celia Milne discusses the effects of media and society on women, and
how women view their physical appearance. The media gives women a plethora of choices for the
perfect body and even provides ways on how to achieve them. There is no escaping. There is no
excuse of not getting the ideal body that ranges from that of a stick–thin ramp ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
Women's physical appearance change with their roles in society. From homemakers with feminine,
hourglass figures, women eventually filled positions in offices and went to work. It was in 1941 to
1951 that one of the surges in the clerical work was "accompanied by a clear feminization trend" (A
History of Women and Work 10). Later, the number of single mothers increased. Women learned to
take on responsibilities that are usually shared with another parent. As Sullivan quoted Hewitt, "the
acute awareness of feeling alive induced by pain" replaces their psychological issues with a
"euphoric feeling of mastery" (544). Undergoing strenuous activities to stay fit to the extent of
getting underweight gives a feeling that could be similar to that attained from painful body
modifications like tattooing. In order for single mothers to be able to fulfill their duties at work and
at home, they had to build stronger physiques. This also doubles as a confidence boost to remind
them that they are capable of doing well in raising their families. This body requirement could
eventually become obsessing. As members of society, women want to feel that they belong. They
strive to fit in by following trends and acceptable appearance. Some would disagree with this
statement and say that people decide to do things at their own dispositions, and not because of the
social norms. Sullivan mentioned that Susan Bordo argues that certain body modifications done to
oneself is an exercise of

Body Modifications In Millennials
The popular trend of body modifications among millennials, also known as generation Y, is a trend
that was scandalized in the generation of the baby boomers. When referring to body modifications
they refer specifically to tattoos and piercings (Swanger, 2006). Until recently, tattoos were mostly
popular among the perceived deviant, such as hoodlums, gang members, and convicts who were
associated with negative behaviour such as engaging in violent and dangerous activities and
potentially had poor mental health (Timming, 2015). This has changed for the millennials, however,
as many of the individuals who are getting piercings or tattoos are in their late teens or early
twenties, as it is commonly not legal to pierce or tattoo an individual in Canada under the age of
sixteen for piercings and eighteen for tattoos, without parental consent. Though ... Show more
Older generations tend to have a negative view on individuals with tattoos and piercings because,
until recently, the only people who had tattoos and piercings were gang members, bikers or convicts
(Swanger, 2006). According to Foltz (2014), some older generations have more negative mind sets
of tattoos than the younger generation, because many people in the older generations feel that
people with ink on their skin or studs on their face were less intelligent and less reliable then
someone without tattoos or piercings. Another survey cited by McElroy, Moore and Summers
(2013) found that 87% of human resource managers said they have negative views toward
applicants with visible tattoos and piercings and that visible modifications are judged more harshly
than non–visible even if it means just covering them

CIPCA Pets
The majority of children at CIPCC are able to fully participate in the program without requiring
modifications. However, there are many alterations and modifications which we make to the Kiddie
CATS program, to the environment and to the materials, to allow the program to run smoothly and
create an atmosphere where children are able to participate, regardless of their ability. Certain
children require additional support and accommodations, nevertheless, I can still see enjoyment and
benefits from their participation in the program. The majority of the modifications that are listed in
the manual are not used to address the modifications needed by specific individuals, but to increase
efficacy and safety. We play a lot of games that use the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
While we are playing games that have the teachers as one role and the students as another, we often
invite children to participate by allowing them to hold a teacher's hand and take on the teacher's
role. This can work, but sometimes is difficult and causes other problem. To address this, we could
modify our approach to supplying support to these children. Instead of letting them take on the role
of the teacher, we could allow the individuals in need of support to show a teacher how to take on
the role of the student. The teacher could then, support the child and the child could still participate
with their peers and continue the program. The children at CIPCC really like to interact and
communicate with the teachers and the UVM students from the Fit Kids program. I think that the
most influential ways to modify the games in this program will be to find unique alterations to
address the individual needs of the children who could likely benefit from Kiddie CATs the most. I
will continue to be thinking of modifications to allow this program to be more accessible and
enjoyable to all children

IEP Student Modifications
Modifications and accommodation are incorporated into the IEP student. Accommodations and
modifications affect different aspects of assessments for special needs students. Accommodations
makes provisions for the students to take the same test as students that have no disability such as
giving them more time or an interpreter or allowing them to take the test apart from other students.
Accommodation can be seen as early as Pre School or in college. The accommodations follow the
students throughout their education lifespan. An example of this is when Johnny is struggling with
taking a timed test. He does not need the test changed, however, he needs more time to complete the
test. The teacher noticed this issue while grading his previous test.

Body Modification-Is It Worth It?
Goal: What is body modification
Total Words in this Document:
Title: Body Modification – Is It Worth It?
For centuries, humans around the world have been taking steps to alter their bodies. From foot
binding and neck rings ear piercings or tattoos, the expansive list of human body modification
practices shows that for one reason or another, every society has certain elements designed to
purposefully change the structure of the human body.
Some of the practices, like foot binding have fallen from popularity, due to the pain, risk of infection
or disease, and outdated manners of thinking. Others, though, like earlobe gauging, is one of the
latest trends that have been growing and becoming more acceptable means of body mod.
What is body modification? ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Who can perform body modification?
Around the world, there are many different practitioners of body modification, including healers,
and priests. In the United States, though, the artists who perform any sort of modification need to be
licensed, and must follow federal and state regulations. Almost every state has laws that discuss
body art – Nevada does not, and Maryland has very few. And the majority of states have laws about
the age at which people can get tattoos. Most states have laws in place that prevent minors from
getting tattoos or piercings without permission from a parent.
There are licenses for piercing and tattoo artists, and many professionals take courses in anatomy,
physiology, kinesiology, as well as specific classes for their trade, like graphic design for a tattoo
artist. For more extreme body modifications, like implants, tongue cutting, or re–shaping body parts,
it might be best to seek a cosmetic surgeon, who has professional and medical experience and

The Behavior Modification Helps A Child With Separation...
Introduction
ABA offers many techniques to help people overcome and/or deal with everyday activities such as
helping someone to quit smoking, help with building relationships, personality disorders and the
ability to express one's self. ABA when applied to children will address the child's life in areas that
include; social skills, cognitive skills, self–help, play and motor skills, and behavioral needs. ABA
in the workplace can be used to increase desired behaviors and decrease undesired behaviors
through use of positive and negative reinforcements.
In the Case of Emily and that of Mr. Smith I will attempt to go over how Behavior modification can
help a child with Separation anxiety behaviors and a company owner having difficulties with ...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Separation Anxiety can be defined as crying, clinging, tantruming, complaining when having to
separate from parent(s); sleep difficulties and refusal of going to school.
A commonly used diagnostic interview for the assessment of SAD is the Screen for Child Anxiety
Related Emotional Disorders–Revised (SCARED–R). The SCARED–R contains 66–items
measuring all DSM–IV anxiety disorders occurring in children and adolescents, including 8–items
assessing SAD specifically (Ehrenreich, Santucci, Weiner, 2009).
Children exhibiting SAD symptoms become significantly distressed when separated from their
home or attachment figure (usually a parent) and will often take measures to avoid separation. This
fear is exhibited through disproportionate and persistent worry about separation, including
apprehension about harm befalling a parent or the child when they are not together, as well as fear
that the parent will leave and never return. Avoidance behaviors commonly associated with SAD
include clinging to parents, crying or tantruming, and refusal to participate in activities that require
separation (e.g., play dates, camp, sleepovers). (Ehrenreich, Santucci, Weiner, 2009).
Inadvertent reinforcement is unintentional act of rewarding a bad behavior. In Emily's case her
parents may have inadvertently reinforced Emily 's

Pros And Cons Of Body Modification
Although body modification has some benefits the government should raise or create an age
restriction for body surgeries. In third grade, I learned that my uncle had died. A relative dying may
not particularly uncommon, but my story varies from others because I had not known my uncle
existed. The extent of my knowledge at the time was that my dad had 1 brother but he apparently
had 2. My parents never told me about him because they didn;t want me to hang around somebody
who used drugs because of the possible influence it could have on me. My uncle's drug addiction
began in his teens. He ended up stealing stuff in order to pay for them, unbeknownst to his parents
and my dad. I think this perfectly illustrates the lapse in judgement of teens because my uncle made
the choice to do drugs once which at the time may have seemed cool but if he thought it through,
maybe he never would have actually used them. If he was older at that time, he may have thought
his decision through more than he did and he would still be alive today. The major judgement issues
in teens result in much more than just a drug addiction but they may result in a teen with a
completely surgically changed body. In order to prevent this, having an age restriction presents itself
as the only solution. Although some use body modification for an outlet in which they express
themselves, the government must create an age limit of 21 for the procedures.
Granted that body modification has certain drawbacks, it does

Genetic Modifications
The author then interviews a farmer who has transitioned from conventional farming to genetic
modifications. Using GMOs seems promising as it seems like the answer to cost and environmental
issues. However, using genetic modifications leads to an uncharted territory with many unknowns.
FDA classifies it as a pesticide because Bt is injected into the Agrobacterium payload, and then the
bacterium splices it into the potato's DNA. Dave Stark, a molecular biologist and co–director of
Naturemark, Monsanto's potato subsidiary stated, "There's still a lot we don't understand about gene
expression,"(Pollan). They aren't sure how the Bt will affect humans or the environment under the
foreign modifications. However, Pollan does mention that genetic engineering ... Show more
He believes that people should be aware of what they consume and the effects it may have on their
body. He decides to not serve the potatoes because he recalls his experience eating NewLeaf
potatoes at Daniel Forsyth's home. He remembered how cautious and insecure he was when
chewing the potato. After researching and interviewing many individuals over chemicals and
GMOs, he feels uncertain and confused. He does not feel safe consuming a product that is not even
considered

Body Modification And Human Physical Appearance
From culture to culture, body modification can be viewed as a true positive expression of one's
identity or viewed as forbidden and the person is shunned from society forever. In corporate
America, it is considered taboo and will not earn respect or a job. In rural America, you are
perceived as unclean and destroying the perfect body God gave you. But, in urban America on the
streets of Brooklyn, the person is unique and exciting. Body modification or the deliberate altering
of the human anatomy or human physical appearance (Dictonary.com) can be achieved in many
ways. Some of the more extreme ways are facial and body piercing and tattoos however, something
as small as a basic ear piercing still counts as modification. Many African and ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
These people could show their similarity through the use of similar scarification patterns, similar ear
stretching methods, and similar neck stretching technics. This modification also showcases the
expressions of the wearer. The wearer could have scars to show age and importance or scars to show
marital status and wealth. Tribal people, such as PaDaung women of Thailand, use different forms
of modification to flaunt their wealth and marital status in the act of stretching their neck with brass
rings. The origins of this tradition is said to be due to "rendering the women incapable of farming or
heavy labor" (Jefkin–Elnekave) which in turn protects the women from being kidnapped by slave
traders which is very common in this part of Asia. So, in essence this form of modification actually
protects these women. This implies that modification as a whole is used in most cultures as a form
of invisibility. People in these cultures ultimately, assume the characteristics associated the
modification and strive to live up to the ideals the modification stands for.
Furthermore, the Bume of Ethiopia use body scarification as a form of personal achievement earned
after a hunt or kill. These scares are given in a complex ritual. This modification is a rite of passage
into adulthood for many African tribes. The scarring emulates the manliness of the wearer. The scars
show off their achievements and are very prestigious and aid these men in finding a

Body Modification : A Common Delicacy
It is unsure of when body modification actually started to appear, but many date it as far back as
B.C. times. The modification is more known from the Song Dynasty when foot binding became
very popular among young girls wishing to marry–up to present day time. Scarification, tattoos,
piercing and plastic surgery are just a few of the changes that can be made to the body. But with all
these practices to change, or "fix", the body can we stop and ask the question: is it really worth it?
While some modifications are more harmless than others, it doesn't mean they are acceptable. So
many complications can happen as a result of these changes. Body modification is a common
practice that many find socially acceptable, but the damage it can cause to the body should make it
something to be avoided. Foot binding was a common delicacy in China for centuries. The practice
was done to reshape the foot to make it appear smaller and dainty, which was found attractive to
many Chinese men. Binding the feet was mainly done by the wealthy, but soon cascaded to the rest
of the country. Parents that wished for their daughter's to marry would bind their child's foot in
hopes of her finding a suitor. "For around ten centuries, successive generations of Chinese women
endured a practice when, as children, their feet were systematically broken and shaped in such a
way that they resembled hooves" (Schiavenza). A more detailed view of the process: the young
girls–around the ages of four and

Epigenetic Modifications
INTRODUCTION
Epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation and histone modifications are widely considered
to be important in controlling the differentiation of cells. However some argue that since these
mechanisms are not seen or transient in model organisms such as worms and flies that epigenetics
cannot be important. However it is also important to mention that there are very different definitions
of the word epigenetics formed from independent reasoning which may affect the debate on whether
epigenetics is important or not in controlling cell differentiation. (Berger et al., 2009)For example,
to Conrad Waddington, it was the study of epigenesist ie. How genotypes give rise to phenotypes
during development. On the other hand, Arthur Riggs ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In the first cell division these transcription factors are distributed asymmetrically to the daughter
cells. Then, and in subsequent cell generations, new patterns of gene expression arise in two ways:
as a matter of course (some transcription factors activating expression of genes encoding other
regulatory proteins, etc.), and in response to signals sent by other cells. Signalling used in
development affects expression of genes encoding yet more transcription factors–it does so by
changing activities of transcription factors, already present, which target those genes. Retinoic acid
and growth hormone are examples of such signalling molecules. (Ptashne, 2013)
There are two things we need to keep in mind when we talk about cell differentiation. These are
specificity and memory. Transcription regulators work specifically. They activate one gene or set of
genes and not another. Therefore, for many regulators and genes, any regulator will work on any
gene as determined by the locations of its affined cis–regulatory sequence. (Ptashne,

Rapa Nui Body Modification
Body modification has been found in practically all cultures throughout history. The most common
type of body modification is the act of tattooing. This act includes injecting ink or dye into the skin
with a needle to leave a permanent symbol. The reasons behind why tattooing has come to be is
variable from culture to culture. Some see it as a way to symbolize your political status, while others
see it as a form of medical treatment. The Rapa Nui people are found on what is commonly known
as Easter Island. The Island was remotely barren with volcanic peaks and rock based soil, with few
shrubs and little grass. An isolated country, the Rapa Nui were not in contact with any groups until
their European discovery in 1862 with Chilean dictatorship soon after (Schiefenhovel, 2016). Their
form of economy did not come from outside trade. Instead, the Rapa Nui people cultivated on small
plots of land with the outside of food source of fish. Because of their small economies, there became
an occupational based hierarchy. Those who were stone–carvers or fishermen held one of the
highest positions within the society (Schiefnhovel, 2016). Their political system followed a
chiefdom. Their high chief was believed to come from their islander's founder, and was passed
down from father to son. Their religion was based around multiple Gods and spirits. They were
broken up into two categories; high Gods and lesser Gods. These traditional beliefs included
religious rituals and priests

Gene Modification

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