Monteverdi Italian Opera Comparison

Monteverdi Italian Opera Comparison
Italian opera is the term used to describe compositions of opera composed in Italy or the term used
to describe compositions of opera which use the Italian language. Italian opera first found its
foothold around the beginning of the seventeenth century through composers such as Jacopo Peri
with his composition 'Dafne' which was one of the first compositions to be considered an opera.
Among the many composers who brought opera to fame within the musical world, Claudio
Monteverdi and Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart were two of the most prominent composers of Italian
opera. Although Monteverdi and Mozart were composing Italian operas over a hundred and fifty
years apart from each other, their operas contained many similar characteristics. In this essay,
Monteverdi's Italian opera 'L'Orfeo' and Mozart's Italian opera 'Le nozza di Figaro' will be used as
evidence to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This can be seen in Eurydice's piece in bars 257–259 of Act Four shown below in Example 2.
Monteverdi uses this compositional technique within this opera in order to effectively and efficiently
portray the emotion or mood of the specific character singing at the time. In the example above's
specific point the play, Eurydice is speaking of times and people who are sweet to her therefore
Monteverdi's use of a high pitched and sustained notes contributes and enables the singer of
Eurydice to effectively portray the character's thoughts to the audience.
Another musical characteristic of Monteverdi's Italian operas is that he follows the traditional opera
structure of four to five acts. Within 'L'Orfeo', Monteverdi composes the story within five acts. This
can be seen in a brief description of the opera from an edited text by Nicholas John
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

Opera Singers Career Essay
The first job in the performing arts industry I have researched is that of a classical/opera solo
vocalist.
Opera Singers perform pieces that combine a libretto and a musical score accompanied by an
orchestra.
Classical Singers are categorised by their voice range, usually as soprano, alto/contralto, tenor,
baritone, and bass and all usually perform in concerts or operas. Classical Singers may also perform
in concerts, theatres, and even on the radio and television.
To get experience, mezzo–soprano Bergen Baker suggests aspiring Opera Singers "do as many
performances as you can at school, community theatre, in opera company choruses." And that
"Every moment I wasn't on stage, I was in the wings watching seasoned pros. It's like a free lesson,".
Almost all singers work lengthy, sporadic hours, practising, ... Show more content on
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There are so many resources beyond the walls of your school."
Baker started studying opera in high school, which she says is considered a late start. She sang for
fun and took private voice lessons. As an undergrad, she majored in vocal performance, later earning
an MA in music.
Most study for three to five years at a music school, but opera singers take lessons throughout their
career. While some Singers have naturally good voices, most are trained. To become successful,
having some sort of training, whether it is voice lessons, or achieving a BA in music, is very
important.
The pay varies: a member of a company chorus has the possibility of earning between £16,000 and
just under £30,000 a year. A principal can get from £100 to £1,000 per performance, and a known
name can receive from £5,000 – £10,000 per performance. And agents of extremely well known
names ask whatever they want for their client.
Pay also ranges from company to company – Opera North pays less than WNO, which goes up to
£2,500. ENO pays about £3,000 for bigger names, but £1,500 for most

Evolution of Opera: Greek Drama to Baroque Opera Essays
Donald Grout defines opera in his text, A Short History of Opera, as "a drama in music: a dramatic
action, exhibited on stage with scenery by actors in costume, the words conveyed entirely or for the
most part by singing, and the whole sustained and amplified by orchestral music" (4). A literal
translation of the word opera is simply work, and although the term opera was not coined until 1634,
one of the first known operas was performed in 1597 (Grout 1). Grout explains that there are two
types of opera. The first type is when the main emphasis is on the music (Grout 6). Examples of this
type of opera can be seen in the works of Lully and Wagner (Grout 7). The second type of opera is
characterized by the music and other factors being of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Throughout the Middle Ages there were two main types of theatre. The first was liturgical drama
which originated in religious services, mainly in Resurrection dramas found in tropes (Grout 15–
16). Initially the whole of the liturgical drama was sung (Grout 17). The second type was mysteries,
like liturgical dramas the theme was sacred but mysteries covered a greater scope (Grout 18). In
some instances mysteries would go as far as to mock the church and priests (Grout 19). Mysteries
remained popular into the fifteenth and sixteenth century (Grout 18).
The beginning of the seventeenth century marked the start of opera in Italy. The earliest opera
manuscripts to survive are the two settings of Euridici by Peri and Caccini (Grout 43). Although
Euridici is the first known opera, Peri and Caccini were both not considered the founder of opera,
that honor was instead given to Monteverdi (Grout 51). The reason for this may be because Euridici
is said to contain many imperfections including: "weakness of characterization, the limited range of
emotions expressed, the lack of clear, consistent musical organization, and above all the monotony
of the solo style" (Grout 49). Grout explains that Monteverdi's opera Orfeo "represents the first
attempt to apply the full resources of the art of music to opera" (53). La morte d'Orfeo was the first
secular opera performed in Rome in 1619 (Grout 62). This marked the beginning of serious secular
opera. Opera continued to

Opera Divas
Introduction
Due to the obsession of evoking the 'affections' (emotions) of the audience, 17th century Opera was
seen as the epitome of music in the Baroque era as it combined intense emotions, serious drama,
elaborate staging and costumes as well as it's beautiful singers (Opera Divas). Opera Divas were the
rock–stars of the era and were adored by many noblemen and women, as well as the lower classes
but how did they reach this level of fame? I will be delving deeper into 17th century opera and focus
on the beginnings and development of opera and the rise (and fall) of two popular opera divas :
Francesca Cuzzoni and Farinelli. The Beginnings and Development of Opera
Generally, opera is said to have originated from Florence during the end of the 16th century.1 With
the need to revive the arts of Ancient Greece, they turned to their dramas, which were typically sung
or said in such a way that the emotions of the audience are touched and that they could hear the
words clearly.2 Peri was one of the earliest composers of opera.3 His most well known opera being
the story of Euridice, a Greek tragedy of Orfeo travelling to the underworld and using his

Listening For A Recording Of An Opera
Listening to a recording of an opera is an altogether different beast, than seeing one in person. While
you can get a sense of the music and the style behind a piece from a recording, there is something
special about hearing it performed in person. Feeling the vibrations of the voices and orchestra,
observing the characters moving on stage, the variable highs and lows of every different
performance; all combine to form an experience vastly more complex and nuanced than simply
listening to a recording.The opera I saw was Verdi's Falstaff, as performed by the UW Madison
University Opera, on Sunday, November 13th. Falstaff is the last opera Verdi wrote and his
interpretation of a Shakespearean comedy. Originally set in the 1400s, this production of Falstaff
was reimagined by director David Ronis and dramaturg Steffen Silvis in 1930s Hollywood. It is the
goal of this recreation to make the opera more relatable and interesting for a more modern audience.
This review will cover how the performance did and did not meet my expectations, along with how
resetting of the opera in the 1930s worked in my eyes.
Falstaff was performed in the UW Music Hall, A small, unremarkable building near the base of
Bascom Hill that I have passed hundreds of times but never payed much attention to. When I use to
think of an opera theater, the picture I had in mind was a giant, gilded arena for the high end of
society. Even after learning the truth of early opera theatres build, the image persists.

Classical Opera Comparison
The elements of Baroque opera are extremely different from the musical elements of the Classical
opera. Baroque opera is more elaborate and complex in comparison to the balanced style of classical
music. While there are many similarities between the two, there are also a significant amount of
differences. Baroque opera made use of harmonic progressions and chord progressions, as well as
basso continuo which was less common in the classical era of opera. Baroque had a more pleasing
sound, while classical opera emphasized form, dynamics, and balance.
Baroque is extremely polyphonic and complex, which differs from the simplicity of classical music.
Vivaldi's "The Four Seasons", specifically Spring is a very upbeat and chaotic piece. The terraced ...
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Basso continuo is relative only to the baroque era. In the classical era, basso continuo was
completely forgotten and the composers focused more on the melodic aspects of music.
Classical music focused on the technical sides of music rather than the sound. Classical is very
structured and has one main melody with accompanied parts, making it very simple music. Haydn's
"Symphony no. 94" is a great representation of the structured and simple music that makes up the
Classical era. Everyone plays a similar and quite simple part, nothing differs too significantly and
every individual part is complimentary of the other parts. The lack of rhythm variety among the
various parts lead the piece to sound very well organized and put together overall, because
everything is very parallel. This differs vastly from the musical styles of the Baroque era because it
strays away form the polyphonic styles associated with the Baroque era.
The renaissance era was most influential on opera. The middle ages was a productive time in music.
String instruments were invented and people began combining theatre and music. Composers would
try and create musical sequences to tell their stories, otherwise known as the beginning of opera. But
it was not

Opera Informative Speech
The name, opera, comes from the Italian language meaning "work." The opera is music and drama.
Opera is something that many generations listen too because it is a little over 400 years old. Opera is
a visible as well as an audible art. Throughout history, opera has reflected trends during the current
time period when it is composed. A feature that is unique in opera isn't the drama though, it's the
music. It is written for several levels of the human voice. This helps express emotions. Today I am
going to tell you what opera is, the history of opera, and the different types of opera. What is opera?
Opera is a form of art, which joins singing, music, drama, signing, poetry, and sometimes dance. In
each work, opera combines expressiveness ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
They celebrated marriages and political visits. These entertainments mixed music and dance with
effects and extravagant costumes. The stories or themes were taken from classical mythology,
drawing parallels between the ruler and the mythological gods or heroes.
Unlike other musical forms it did not evolve in relation to other music developments. The
Renaissance fascination with the ancient world of the Greeks and the Romans created opera.
Later on in the years, people tried to introduce opera into England from France and Italy. This wasn't
very successful. Henry Purcell planned a semi–opera. This was an English form which combined
singing and spoken dialogue. The English form of opera contained elaborate costumes, effects, and
dancing and music. This horrified the French. They believed opera was supposed to be formal. One
French traveller described it as a 'Hotch Potch'. English did not have all– sung opera for 200 years
after. Drama became more popular and important.
What are the different types of opera? It takes a lot of time, people, and effort before an opera can
finally make its premiere. It may also take a lot of time trying to find what opera you want to
perform. There are six different types of operas; comic, serious, semiseria, grand, and

Richard Wagner and Opera Essay
Richard Wagner and Opera
One of the key figures in the history of opera, Wagner was largely responsible for altering its
orientation in the nineteenth century. His program of artistic reform accelerated the trend towards
organically conceived, through–composed structures, as well as influencing the development of the
orchestra, of a new breed of singer, and of various aspects of theatrical practice. As the most
influential composer during the second half of the nineteenth century, Richard Wagner's conception
of music remains very much with us even a century after his death. He was a remarkable innovator
both in harmony and the structure of his work, creating his own version of the Gesamtkunstwerk,
dramatic ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
For Wagner, the function of music was to serve the ends of dramatic expression, and all of his most
important compositions were composed for the theater. Particularly in Tannhauser, Wagner
brilliantly adapted the substance of the German Romantic libretto to the framework of grand opera.
The music evoked the opposite worlds of sin and blessedness with great emotional fervor and a
luxuriant harmony and color. The Pilgrim's Chorus from this opera contains what is perhaps
Wagner's most popular and widely known melody. Fatefully, despite his musical successes, things
took a bad turn for Wagner when, in 1848, he was caught up in political revolution, and the next
year he fled to Weimar where Franz Liszt helped him. Later he fled to Switzerland and France.
Lohengrin was first performed under the direction of Franz Liszt at Weimar in 1850, and it is the last
of Wagner's works that he ever referred to as an "opera." Lohengrin embodies several changes
prophetic of the Music Dramas that were to follow it. The story comes from medieval legend, but
Wagner's treatment is generalized and symbolic. The technique of recurring themes was further
developed, particularly with respect to the motives associated with Lohengrin and the Grail. Using
Weber's Der Freischütz as a model to a certain extent, Wagner used tonality with his characters to
help organize both the drama and the

The Metropolitan Opera Monologue
After I watched Carmen, what impressed me the most is Ms.Garanča's performance and the music
of this opera. I think the music wonderfully shapes principal's personality and Ms.Garanča's
performance made Carmen more vivid. She performed this opera in The Metropolitan Opera in
2010. In the first act, when Ms.Garanča sang "L'amour est un oiseau rebelle", I can tell Carmen's
charm and uninhibited personality. She knows that she is very attractive to men, so she is very
confident about herself and tries to draw all the men's attention. The melody of this aria is very
stretchy and flowing and it contains a strong temptation, gorgeous and elegant. What's more, In the
keywords of "L'amour", the chorus companion made it particularly outstanding, I think it carries a
beauty and naturalness. Added Ms.Garanča's performance, it fully shows Carmen's bold, passionate
and full of mysterious charm of the character. Also, in the same act, when Carmen tempted Don
Jose, she sang another famous aria "Près des remparts de Séville", the melody is full of passion and
it also contains a bit of wild, it further shows carmen's characterization. ... Show more content on
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Throughout the dance, the atmosphere of the opera grew more and more. At this time, Ms.Garanča
stood up and began to sing "Les tringles des sistres tintaient" The rhythm of the whole piece came
from those gypsy girl's feet, Ms.Garanča danced while singing, the atmosphere was so happy and
when she was dancing, I can see a real happy on her face and I think it came from her inner heart. I
was so involved when I was watching this part. This also shows that Carmen is a very forthright and
real girl. I feel like she was really longing for freedom and nothing can restrain

Baroque And Classical Opera Comparison
Erica Bullock
Professor Copeland
Survey of Music
February 16, 2015
Baroque and Classical Opera: A Comparison
Operas are a unique form of entertainment that are typically a written drama piece put to music and
performed by instrumentalists and acting singers They became popular in the seventeenth century
coming out of the renaissance and into the popularity of Baroque Operas. This eventually shifted the
attention to the next type of opera: Classical Operas in the eighteenth century. Each type of opera
was adored in Europe because of the stories they brought to the people everywhere to the music and
singing that they loved. And so the rave of Opera blew up Europe. In the early 1600's Baroque
Operas set the stage for Opera genre and the

Russian Opera Essay
Russian Opera
The seeds of a distinctively national art music in Russia are usually dated from the first half of the
19th century. The performance of the opera A Life for the Tsar (1836), by Mikhail GLINKA, is
usually cited as the turning point for Russian music (Russia's national anthem is taken from this
opera). In this historical opera, as well as in his subsequent opera Ruslan and Ludmila (1842), the
orchestral fantasy Kamarinskaya (1848), and numerous songs, Glinka successfully fused the typical
melodies, harmonies, and rhythms of Russian folk music with the forms and techniques of Italian
opera –– creating an eclectic but unmistakably national idiom. Glinka's younger contemporary,
Alexander DARGOMYZHSKY, is best known for his ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Musorgsky was undoubtedly the most original composer of the Five. Continuing Dargomyzhsky's
search for musical realism, he combined an instinctive flair for the nuances of folk music with
flexible, textually motivated rhythmic practices and unusual harmonic juxtapositions in his many
songs, his operatic masterpiece Boris Godunov (1869–72), and his suite for piano Pictures at an
Exhibition (1874). Although he was misunderstood by many of his contemporaries, Mussorgsky's
legacy has been profoundly important for music in the 20th century. The conspicuous targets of the
nationalists were Aleksandr Serov (1820–71), a prominent music critic, Wagnerite, and opera
composer, and Anton RUBINSTEIN, a legendary piano virtuoso as well as a prolific composer.
Rubinstein and his brother Nikolai (1835–81) were responsible for establishing the first music
conservatories in Russia, founded on German models, in Saint Petersburg (1862) and Moscow
(1866). Peter Ilich TCHAIKOVSKY was one of the first graduates of the former and subsequently
taught at the latter. Without rejecting his national heritage Tchaikovsky evolved a more
cosmopolitan, romantic, yet highly personal style that won him widespread international popularity.
Many of his works––including the six
symphonies,

The Opera Of Turandot By Giacomo Puccini
Opera Paper – Turandot Turandot is a dramatic opera that was performed in the Metropolitan Opera
in 2009. Turandot was written by Giacomo Puccini. This rendition of Turandot was produced by
Franco Zeffirelli, and directed by Andris Nelsons. In this beautiful performance of Turandot, we see
Maria Guleghina as Princess Turandot, Mariana Poplavskaya as Lui and Calaf as play by Marcello
Giodani. With all of these talented actors and show personnel, this production remains one of the
best–known film adaptations of Turandot. The composer of Turandot is Giacomo Antonio
Domenico Michele Secondo Maria Puccini, who was born on December 28, 1858 in the small town
of Lucca Italy. Puccini came from 5 generations of musicians and began writing operas at the age of
21. His realistic verismo style, which means truth or reality in Italian, allowed him to identify with
his characters in a realistic way and his operas reflect real life situations. Puccini liked to write
operas with heroines rather than heroes. His operas almost always include a death for the sake of
love. Despite his operatic genius, Puccini only wrote ten operas in his lifetime. He died on
November 22, 1924 at the age of 66. At the time of his death, he was only one act short of
completing Turandot. His close friend and fellow composer, Arturo Toscanini, finished Turandot
shortly after his death. Puccini has been referred to by many critics as "the greatest composer of
Italian opera after Verdi" (Brittanica.com).

Bel Canto Opera Essay
Opera in the Romantic Period was a time when opera changed drastically, especially in the country
of Italy. The recognition of singers as being important, almost irreplaceable, in the art of "bel canto"
opera changed the idea of a vocalist in opera forever. A singer's voice was prized and Italian
composers, like Rossini, Donizetti, and Bellini wrote operas and works to showcase the voice, it's
color, range and agility. These Italian composers were moving away from the normal style of
composition of the time, and the composer Rossini, who set the stage for many other followers.
Many of the operas written during this time are still performed today and are highly acclaimed. For
the most part, before Italy became a main player, France ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
No longer was the orchestra the main component to listen to when attending an opera. Librettists
and composers worked extremely close to get the right feel for arias and other pieces in the story.
Bel Canto was a form of singing that was pretty much defined by three Italian composers: Rossini,
Donizetti, and Bellini. These three composers had huge success in Italy and their operas are still
being performed to this day. These captivating operas like Il barbiere di Sivilglia, Lucia di
lammermoor, and Norma are three of the most popular and challenging operas that singers can be
involved in. These three composers really set the stage for the rise of Italian opera. Rossini is
probably the most popular composer of this era. His works are many and are extremely popular.
Rossini was born in Pesaro in 1792 and on December15th, 1815 when he was only twenty–three
years old, he signed a contract to write an opera for a theater in Rome (Weaver, 11). His childhood
friend, Gertrude Righetti Giorgi, premiered as Rosina in Rossin's Il barbiere di Siviglia, on opening
night for the Nobile Teatro di Torre Argentina (Weaver, 19). Il barbiere di Siviglia went on to
become one of the more famous operas of Rossini's. This opera went through many struggles,
however, because of the similar story

Observation Of The Opera
The Austin Opera did an outstanding performance of Bizet's "Carmen", on Thursday night, played at
The Long Center of the Performing Arts. Carmen is an Opera by French composer Georges Bizet,
who died suddenly months after Carmen's debut in Paris 1875. Bizet was a composer during the
romantic era, although he has other works Carmen is his most successful work and is frequently
performed in the world of operas.
I don't remember the last time I attended an opera but it was probably 10 years ago for a field trip in
elementary school. Attending the opera is something I see don't myself doing but I'm glad I had an
opportunity to go.
The opera was conducted by Richard Buckley who has worked with many operas all around the
Unites States and overseas. I've been to a couple of middle school and high school concerts where
there was a conductor and I've enjoyed watching the conductors move their hands in the air, it was
my favorite part. During the opera, I would get distracted by Buckley's movements, you could to tell
he was so concentrated in the music. I'm no music experts but from my point of view the orchestra
sounded wonderful and if there were any mistakes I wasn't able to hear them. The whole cast had
phenomenal voices but Carmen (Sandra Piques Eddy), Escamillo (Norman Garrett) and Micaëla
(Heather Phillips) had to be my top favorites of the night. Can you believe that there are people in
the world who can sing so beautiful in a different language and sing so loud that

The Don Giovanni Opera
Don Giovanni is a three–hour long opera composed by Mozart and scripted by Da Ponte that had its
premiere in Prague in 1787 (the final version premiered in Vienna in 1788). It is and it has always
been highly popular, as it stands now as the 10th most performed opera in history1 and it is
notorious for its smooth superposition of comical and tragical elements as well as for its appealing
redesign of Don Juan2 as an embodiment of freedom (as shown by his refusal to adhere to social
norms and his arrogant attitude towards the statue) of absolute lust, but also of an empty shell
character (as he seems to mirror the mindset that moves the story forward instead of some intricate
traits). The opera starts with an overture performed by the orchestra ... Show more content on
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On top of that, there is Leporello, Don Giovanni's servant who is by far the most comical character
and a true basso buffo: he takes part in numerous dry recitatives in which he turns to the public and
expresses his opinion, as if he is aware of the comical and occasionally ridiculous situation he finds
himself in and he wants to remind the audience of it. If those elements were present by themselves,
the opera would be highly comical, but what we find is that Mozart and Da Ponte effectively blurred
the line between opera seria and opera buffa, creating a hybrid that disregards the fact that the
authors tried to paint the opera as the latter and makes it to be one of the first movements toward the
Romantic era in art. As far as Mozart is concerned, it is hard to conceive a music cannon without
him. In terms of popularity, he has 11 entries in a top 100 of most popular classical melodies3 and 3
entries in a top 10 of most performed operas in history (one of which being Don Giovanni).
Stylistically, even though his music largely falls within the classical norms with no extravagant
innovations or blatant form–breaking songs, he is perceived as

What Is The Effect Of The Werther In The Opera
I think it is good that there are so many types of theater. Every kind of theater can tell the same story
in a different way. As I mentioned before, I was very curious what effect was causing me to see the
story of the Werther in the opera version. I thought that music and singing could be a good way to
show this great love.
So let's start from the beginning. Before the curtain unveiled, the orchestra played overtura. In the
description of the performance on the opera website we read that „Jules Massenet found the musical
and dramatic language to transform the German epistolary novel into one of the most heart–
wrenching love stories in the operatic literaturę". Massenet composed music to Goethe novel in
1893. And although the ways of presenting ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The scene that was supposed to symbolize the sky came out awful! The curtain unveiled and the
"angels" appeared, then screamed out, "to take Werther to heaven." Firstly – metaphor – very
important in the theater, however, this was not well pictured. Second – to heaven? Angels are a
symbol of heaven. How sure is the suicide going to heaven? We all know how important the last
scenes of the show are. Although in the spectacle I liked a few things, I would not recommend
anyone to sit three hours waiting for such a finale.
The question I asked myself before watching the show – whether the opera is a good way to present
Werther's histories, I answer rather not. Although music and sound can tell about love as much as
anything else. It's in Opera, as I mentioned at the beginning, it's also important to see. It's not about
characters kissing and cuddling non stop. The point is that Werther is a person who is madly in love.
Werther is a lunatic. He is crazy Love brings him to suicide. Crazy man is natural because he is
throwing emotion. Such feelings are accompanied by unplanned and unkind gestures, movements,
noises. I think the opera with all its artificiality and beauty can not tell the story of Werther. Unless
one of the directors gets rid of this pathos. So if I were to take my friend on Werthera, we would not
go to the opera house in Budapest. I would choose a dramatic theater, or I would wait for

Concert Swingin In The Opera House At Moores Opera House
Prior to attending the concert Swingin' In The Opera House at Moores Opera House, I had very little
experience attending concerts. Aside from few band performances I attended back in middle and
elementary school, I was never exposed to the world of concerts and performances. Going into this
concert, I was expecting great things since it was my first college concert. To my expectations,
everything seemed perfect when I first walked in. The lighting of the opera house was set just right
and I could see all the performers lined up in front with their instruments ready to play. There were
many instruments playing during the performances. I noticed saxophones, trumpets, trombones, and
several instruments such as the guitar and piano that kept the rhythm going. There was a conductor
during the performance leading all the performers on when to play. It was apparent that he did a
great job since all the instruments were in sync and played at all the right times. Overall the
audience was extremely respectful. Everyone seemed to enjoy the performance and it set a great
mood in the opera house. One piece that I really enjoyed in the program was "Cherokee" arranged
by Frank Mantooth. Initially in the piece when the trumpets were playing by themselves, things
seemed like they were going to be off ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In class, I would go over several of the instruments that will be played during the concert and see if
the students are able to see and hear the difference between them. Another key point that could be
discussed is dynamics. Since this piece had very distinguishable forte and piano sections, I feel like
the students would be able to pick up on these distinctions while listening to the piece. Emphasizing
proper etiquette when it comes to being part of the audience is also important since young students
tend to talk a lot among each

Opera Review Essay
It is frequently stated that opera is a dying, if not dead, artform: irrelevant to the cultural scene of the
twenty–first century (Morris, 2003). However, it is arguable that much of what society rejects comes
from a learnt sense of prejudice or lack of education and exposure (Murphy Paul, 1998). In response
to this, it becomes important to understand the relevance of operatic themes and the techniques in
which they are presented in order to challenge the mass perceptions of outdatedness. Similarly, it is
pertinent to consider the levels on which opera may be enjoyed, as it can appeal to many people in
ways other than the vocal aspects. Finally, everybody should be made aware of what opportunities
are available to explore and engage in contemporary ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
There are many examples of recent operatic premieres that target a different demographic of
audience. The contrasts of language and modern day contexts can make the opera feel more
accessible (Service, 2014), removing the elitist stigma from the productions. Cloudstreet was one of
many operas premiered in 2016, and told Tim Winton's story of post–war working class Australians
(Henderson, 2016). Many aspects of this production clearly strived to make the performance highly
inclusive, such as the narrative, language, costuming, use of modern compositional techniques,
addition of colloquialisms and profanities, and the way in which the opera was marketed. However,
this is not a standalone example; other recent opera premieres include The Rabbits, by Kate Miller
Heidke and Lindy, by Moya Henderson and Gesualdo, by John Wregg (Partial Durations, 2014). It
is important for everyone to be aware of the opportunities to see modern opera, as it is a highly
accessible way to attend opera, particularly for those people who would be reluctant to see a
classical opera. Knowing the possible events to attend and attending those performances is a huge
part of making informed decisions about opera and personal

The Fate Of Peking Opera Essay
What is art and what is politics? Art is a range of human activities that express their emotions and
culture though a visual way such as painting and performing. Politics refer to some decisions made
by government in order to achieve governance. (Wikipedia) For Farewell My Concubine, Peking
Opera is the most obvious representative of art. The fate of Peking Opera reflects the relationships
between art and politics. In the background of great social transformation historical, Peking Opera
turn from the period of great prosperity to decline.
Peking Opera kept relatively stable with politics and historical influences to the premodern age.
Since modern times, Peking Opera was slaved to politics and historical influences gradually,
especially in 1950s. In Farewell My Concubine, Peking Opera, as the key written subject,
throughout the film, is integrated with social, political, and historical backgrounds during the special
period. On the one hand, Chen shows development of Peking Opera through the film in this period.
On the other hand, the film reflects connections between art and politics.
There is a mirror image of history in the beginning of the film: Xiaolou and Dieyi return after being
pressured under the Cultural Revolution. The theatre used to be alive turns empty, leaving several
old workers and echo around the theatre. (Chen) Subtitles gives historical background and political
metaphors. In instead of saying that Farewell My Concubine shows the love and hate of

The Opera Carmen and Gender Roles
Carmen
Carmen is a depictive work that represents the social and gender issues that were present in
nineteenth century France and Spain. It introduces readers to numerous aspects of life including
treatment of women, prejudices towards individuals and groups, social structures, and accepted
social behavior. Carmen, as both a novel and opera, is a literary work that was written not only to
entertain but also to reflect nineteenth century society. Carmen, as a literary work, has experienced
many changes throughout its existence. The French author Prosper Merimme originally wrote
Carmen. Merimme was known mostly for his long stories and ability to write in an objective and
psychological style, a trait rarely found during the age of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
The Opera stretched the accepted boundaries of established behavior in the opera house and even
went as far as to show a death on stage, an unacceptable visual display that was always implied but
never enacted. For the musical interpretation the rich narrative was removed and a dramatic change
was made in the form of an additional new female character, Micaela. Micaela is a perfect foil to
Carmen. As her counterpart, she is a passive character who represents typically accepted feminine
characteristics of the time, such as fear and obedience. To facilitate musical form Carmen the novel
was changed to incorporate a new story line. Carmen, the opera, incorporates Don Jose as the main
character. Here he is represented as a soldier, a well–respected position in society, as opposed to a
barbaric savage. As he is outside his post, Micaela, who has willingly followed the request of
Jose's mother to meet him and marry him, confronts Jose. Jose greets Micaela with great joy and
sees her as an ideal mate. Carmen soon appears on the stage and is followed by fellow workers and
male admirers. The working girls soon excite the men, who all focus attention mostly on Carmen.
She, however focuses her affections on the one uninterested gentleman, Don Jose. The factory girls
make an exit, only to return momentarily once Carmen starts a fight with a fellow worker and
slashes her across her cheek. Carmen is then taken into custody and is held by Jose while his

Opera In Disquise
On May 5th I went to the Opera in Disquise. They had two operas, one was named Le Jeu de
l'Amour et du Hasard and the second was named II campanello. I noticed that the musics pitch was
based on the emotion of the music. The music goes with the facial expressions. A happy expression
would have happy music and sad with sad music. The music would harmonize with the singing. The
music also matches the story. The orchestra had many instruments but the flute really stood out to
me when surprised, happy expressions and lyrics would be sung. Bass and drums would be played
when sad expressions and lyrics would be played. The music was very different then music that I am
comfortable with. The music was about as loud as what I listen to but that was

Leitmotif In The Romantic Opera
The leitmotif that can be heard in the opening of the opera can be described as longing. The notes
are drawn out and sound unhappy and there is this sense of anticipation. Through my skipping about
in this opera I have deduced that this leitmotif can be found through the entire opera, at least the
drawn out and unhappy notes can, especially towards the end. The romantic era style operas differed
from that of the baroque style in that the romantic operas emphasized emotions in a far superior
way. This emphasis on emotion is what makes the romantic era stand out from the rest. Some of the
instruments that can be heard, that I could tell in certain parts anyway, in this opera are string
instruments such as violins and violas and woodwind instruments

400 Years Of Opera
400 Years of Opera: Journal When I began reading 400 Years of Opera, I wasn't sure what to expect.
Of course, I assumed it would cover what we went over in the first day of class with a little added
extra, but I am surprised with how much I learned within fourteen pages. I did not know opera had
so many inspirations and models it fitted before evolving into what it is today! While studying the
novel, I was shocked (and a little horrified) when going over mysteries. Although accuracy is
important, I would not expect theater to go so far as to behead a person live in front of an audience.
For something so morbid, even if it did advance stagecraft, I am glad it was later shut down by the
church. Though I have to wonder: did the audience

Bagger's Opera
Before the opera started, I can hear the tuning sound of the orchestra, especially the sounds of the
string instruments. After tuning, there was a short silent drama on the stage. After the short silent
drama, the first part of the whole opera was introducing 'The Bagger's Opera' to the audience. The
actors and actresses entered into the stage with singing. Because each of the actors and actresses
came into the opposite side of the auditorium, the song sounded like a troll (like Josquin's Motet,
Ave Maria or row row row your boat) at first, but their sounds were reunified; after all of the actors
and actresses came on the stage; I couldn't figure out that it was a real troll, or it just sounded like a
troll because of my mishearing while singing.

Disadvantages Of Opera Buffa
Opera buffa or "buffoon" opera, the opposite of opera seria, was not introduced in opera houses until
the late eighteenth century. In contrast with opera seria, opera buffa did not serve to trouble the
audience, but instead, it was created to promote a feeling of happiness. Characters who performed
the opera buffa style had to be funny and encourage laughter in the audience while simultaneously
singing. This took incredibly skilled individuals to be able to successfully accomplish this goal. In
order to do this, there were fewer soloists in opera buffa. Instead, there were ensembles or parts of
the opera that were sung by a group of two or more people (Kerman & Tomlinson, 2015, p. 189).
This created a greater sense of contrast within the story, as well as allowed the characters to present
their feelings to each other rather than having to perform entire arias to reveal their emotions to the
audience. Opera buffa also used a faster–paced tempo, different themes, and a larger range of keys
than opera seria (Thuleen, 1991). It also focused on using only the harpsichord as an accompanist to
allow the dialogue to make the most amount of development in the plot. Additionally, the classical
ensemble had an advanced form, with its music being more dynamic than the repetitive ABA form
of opera seria music (BBC Music Magazine, 2016).
Along with the differences of characteristics of opera seria and opera buffa music, the composers
and the listeners were varied too. Opera seria was very popular in the Italian cities of Naples and
Venice because that is the location of its origin, but it also became popular in London. As opera
buffa arose, it became popular in Vienna, Austria as well as in Germany, France, and England
(Kerman & Tomlinson, 2015, p. 189). The outcome of the two styles of opera around the world
increased the assortment of listeners. The popularity of styles depended largely on ethnicity. Being
raised in different cultural backgrounds and surrounding environments is one of the reasons as to
why opera seria and opera buffa were more or less liked in certain parts of the world. For this
reason, the composers of the two styles of opera were not typically from the same countries.
However, many composers of both

Metropolitan Opera History
The Metropolitan Opera is an association steeped in fine musical history. It has presented some of
the greatest operas of all time, and its standards are among the highest of classical music
organizations. The Met, as it is commonly called, is one of the premier opera stages in the world and
has helped many great singers find fame and discovery. Moreover, it is also one of the largest opera
stages in the world. This leading opera company has an astounding history of artistic and musical
stature. The Facts The Metropolitan Opera is composed of several divisions, including a ballet
company, a chorus, a children's choir, a symphony–sized orchestra, and leading and supporting
singers. The Metropolitan Opera is housed by the Metropolitan Opera House, which is one of ...
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Its first location was erected on Broadway and 39th Street. Due to inadequate stage facilities, it has
since moved to its current location at the Lincoln Center. In September of 1966, the Met opened,
completely revamped with much more technical capabilities, at the Lincoln Center. It underwent
several trials in its early stages, such as completely performing all works in Italian and then German
before finally stabilizing with the policy of performing most works in their original languages.
However, "Met Titles" were implemented in 1995, which offer translation on computerized screens
for patrons who would like to utilize them. Function The Metropolitan Opera serves as a performing
arts showcase. Its roster of singers is among the world's most famous artists. Moreover, its
productions are among the most famous operas of all time as well. In addition, everything hosted at
the Met is from the highest in the field, even down to the choreographers, directors, and designers.
The Met also helps pave the way to success for many artists through its young artists programs, such
as the children's

The Phantom Of The Opera
Phantom of the Opera has been around for longer than I can recall, being the musical to talk about
among my family as something grand. When I was the age of only fourteen I received the honor of
performing the musical for the first time, although I had to learn a great deal about the script for that
performance, the history behind The Phantom of the Opera is not clear to me. So I started my
research their tied to the original piece. Phantom of the opera.com gave a timeline that had the
background, explaining that the original piece was published in 1911 by Gaston Leroux. (Timeline)
The author was inspired by a trip to the Paris opera house, explaining that below the Paris opera
house is a lake, and that he recalled an accident in which the chandelier had fallen some years
earlier. (Hall, P.16) Sparking Gaston Leroux to make the book. The book from this point was given
to the hands of a movie producer making a silent film in November 1925. (The Phantom of the
Opera (1925)) The film after its first round was then re–done two more times, one of which was not
a success. Andrew Lloyd Webber in May of 1984 hears about the theatre royals stage performance
and then comes up with the ideal to turn the book/ play at this time into a musical. The musical took
several awards and made countless new fans, finally being turned into a film by Warner Brothers
Dec, 22 2004, showing the same amount of success as the musical show. (The Phantom of the
Opera, (2004) The musical performance I

The Opera Rigoletto At The Metropolitan Opera
The opera Rigoletto at the Metropolitan Opera was conducted by Pablo Heras Casado. The three
principal singers were Piotr Beczala as the Duke, Zeljko Lucic as Rigoletto and Olga Peretyatko as
Gilda. This being my first opera, I was surprised by how large and grandiose the house was, which
is in sharp contrast to my typical experience when I see musicals.The production decided to place a
modern twist on the setting of the opera, rather than the original setting of 16th century Italy, the
story is placed in Las Vegas in the 20th century. The set is constructed to reflect that in the first act
with a casino scene complete with neon lights, card tables and roulette. In my opinion, this all
seemed to distract the viewer from the story and the change in setting didn't enhance the production
itself. Rather it made me think about how out of place this all was instead of focusing on the opera
itself. The first act was fairly difficult for me to suspend disbelief and get into the plot of the opera.
This had much to do with me being initially turned off by the casino as the setting for this opera.
Although in later acts I was able to move past the modern set that was only because this set became
less pronounced in the second and third acts.
Now moving on to the aria's the three I will be focusing on will be the Aria from the Duke La Donna
e Mobile, Bella figlia dell'amore, and Della vendetta alfin giunge l´istante . These scenes effectively
move the audience through their repetition

Importance Of The Opera Rinaldo
The opera Rinaldo by George Fredric Handel is one of Handel's earliest most successful works. This
case study aims at discovering more about the different contexts of the opera, the structure, and the
performances of Rinaldo. The context around Rinaldo is important as it can examine the
environment around the time of the composition and the relationship that Handel had with the
patrons, performers, librettists, audiences, and publishers. The compositional elements that Handel
used in Rinaldo as well as the significance of the genre and the relationship between music and its
text–setting is crucial to the discussion and discovery of the structure through the music. Through
looking at these two sections, it is vital to look the performances ... Show more content on
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In 1706, Handel travelled to Rome but at the time, the church had banned opera in some states so he
wrote sacred music for the church. It was in 1707 and 1709 that Handel wrote his fifth opera
Rodrigo and sixth opera Agrippina respectively. In 1710 on his way to London, after becoming
Kapellmeister to Prince George, Handel wrote his 7th opera, Rinaldo which premiered in 1711 on
the 24th of February (Schoelcher, 1857). Handel wrote Rinaldo within a fortnight with the
directional aid of Aaron Hill who was the director of the Haymarket Theatre at the time. They
performed the opera 15 nights in a row which back then, was a rare occurrence (Lang, 2012). These
moments may have lead Handel to write the opera Rinaldo in 1711.
George Fredric Handel's librettist for the opera Rinaldo was Aaron Hill but Giacomo Rossi
translated it into Italian (Rodina, 2008). Rossi, has been "universally condemned as a miserable
poetaster." However, the opera Rinaldo was Rossi's first libretto for Handel. Rossi does defend
himself for the pace that he had to write the lyrics for the opera. "Mr. Hendel, the Orpheus of our
century, while composing the music, scarcely gave me time to write, and to my great wonder I saw
an entire opera put to music by that surprising genius, with the greatest degree of perfection..."
Handel was often in front of the librettist when writing the music to any opera but especially for
Rinaldo. He was so impatient when waiting for lyrics from the librettist that

Essay on Opera
Imagine you are in a darkened theater and on stage are the actors. Behind the actors you can see the
scenery. Down in front of the stage, in what is called the pit, is an orchestra and a conductor. As the
orchestra plays, the actors on stage do not speak their lines they sing them!
Opera is the combination of drama and music. Like drama, opera embraces the entire spectrum of
theatrical elements: dialogue, acting, costumes, scenery and action, but it is the sum of all these
elements, combined with music, which defines the art form called opera.
Operatic dramas are usually serious, but there are several comic operas and funny scenes in tragic
operas. The music is usually complicated and difficult to sing well. Only the most skillful ... Show
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Jean–Philippe Rameau, George Frederic Handel, and Christoph Willibald Gluck were the most
significant opera composers of the first two–thirds of the 18th century. However, their works were
surpassed by the brilliant operas of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. In the early 19th century,
Gioacchino Rossini and Gaetano Donizetti dominated Italian opera. In the later 19th century the
greatest works were those of Giuseppe Verdi and Richard Wagner. Wagner, with his bold
innovations, became the most influential operatic figure since Monteverdi. Richard Strauss and
Giacomo Puccini wrote the most popular late 19th– and early 20th–century operas. Though the
death of Puccini in 1924 is often cited as the end of grand opera, new and often experimental
works–by composers such as Alban Berg, Benjamin Britten, Gian Carlo Menotti, John Adams, and
Philip Glass–continued to be produced to critical acclaim. Opera entered the 21st century as a
vibrant and global art form.
The first roots of modern opera first appeared in Italy in the 17th century from the Camerata (an
academy of Florentine poets, musicians, and scholars). The Camerata, inspired by ancient Greek
drama, sung dialogues and choruses which were accompanied by musical instruments. The
Camerata developed the "stile recitative," in order to integrate drama, action, dialogue and narration.
In this "sung speech," a singer delivered a recitative melody with an actor's dramatic and oratorical
skills, achieving the goal of providing

Voice In The Phantom Of The Opera
In the play, the Phantom of the Opera, the actors show expression through their voice (lyrical and
vocal aspects), and physical actions towards each other. The Phantom's voice uses his voice to his
advantage in the play. First, instead of singing the whole thing, he expresses and brings out words in
the form of whispering, a casual talking voice, or shouting them. Lyrically, the Phantom expresses
his longing for Christine by choosing meaningful words that would persuade her to join him.
Furthermore, in the play, the interactions between the actors show expression. An example of their
interaction is that Christine doesn't fully acknowledge the Phantom, expressing that there are
boundaries between them that shouldn't be crossed. Similarly, in

Italian Opera vs. French Opera
According to R. Wagner opera does not mean so much a musical work, as a musical, poetical, and
spectacular work all at once; opera is the work par excellence, to the production of which all the arts
are necessary (Sutherland, 1). " Opera starts not with music but with its literary source (story or
plot), whether it be history, biography, fiction, or mythology in the form of poem, play, drama,
novel, or original libretto"(Knapp 6). Opera is a combination of mangled drama, the singers, the
music and many different arts (Knapp, 3). An opera is not an opera without the music. The musical
representation uplifts the words and adds magic to an opera (Knapp 3). The two major components
of an opera are the human singers and the orchestra. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Now the French Opera was totally different from the Italian opera. In the French opera the
instruments were more of a focus than the singers. The drama was spoken rather than sung. It was
performed on a tired stage, the high as being reserved for paradise (and the singers), the middle one
for earth, and lowest one for hell (Demuth 4). An operatic a resource that was often overlooked, was
dancing. In the French Opera singing aspect and the orchestra aspect are on the same level as
dancing. Dancing isn't really a major part of the Italian opera (Knapp 10). French Opera was
extremely popular, but only to the French. It wasn't as popular as German opera or Italian opera.
This was mainly because in the French Opera the drama came first and the music came second. The
French language was notoriously difficult to sing properly because of its lack of strong accents
(Knapp 201). To the French, words and actions were far more important than the music so the
composers have really allowed the orchestra to overpower the voice and assume the dominant role
in the opera (Knapp 202). In the French operas you would never see the singing overwhelming the
action. At its best, the French Opera offers the unity of music, drama, and spectacle the art seeks but
seldom attains (Knapp 202). It is live, it is deep and it has something

Opera Roles
On stage, singers bring the story to life through acting and singing the words along to the music
played by the orchestra much in the same way as a musical. What makes an opera different to a
musical is that the singers are unamplified by microphones and the orchestra is much larger and
plays entirely live. The main characters are sung by 'principals' who are often guest artists who work
freelance and perform with different opera companies. The Chorus includes twenty female and
twenty males singers who, depending on the opera, either commentate on the main action or on
occasion take the story forward themselves. Members of the Chorus will also take some of the
smaller roles in certain operas. The Chorus are what makes an opera special, they

Classical Opera Research Paper
The Baroque period and the Classical period gave us some of the most famous operas that are still
preformed today. Although most of the Baroque style operas died out and are no longer preformed
today they gave us the base and style of the Classical operas that we watch and listen to in this day
and age. There are many differences and similarities in these to styles of operas. The similarities
come to pass from the Classical opera adopting many of the same styles as the Baroque opera that
came before it. As for the differences between these two operas, Baroque operas played to a higher
class people and were almost always in Italian. Classical played to more of the middle class and
through a style of comic opera were sung in the language of the audience.
Opera gained ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Most of the operas were in Italian but few performances were done in English and German. Purcell's
Dido and Aeneas was one of these operas performed in English during the Baroque period gaining a
lot popularity with its dark and emotional aria songs in England. Baroque operas were mainly story
lines of great heroes, Greek gods, and spiritual stories of miracles. These stories changed drastically
during the Classical period of opera.
The Classical period of Opera is the most popular of operas we see today. This period of classic
opera started around 1750 and ended around the mid 1800's. This style of opera reached to the
largest group of the public than any other opera, which is why it changed so much from the Baroque
period.
Where the Baroque style was for the rich and higher class, the Classical opera reached out to the
middle class as well expanding and changing opera as we know it. The need for simplicity was great
at this time due to the new cliental. This need gave way to the very popular comic opera. Comic
opera was in the language of the audience as to better understand the story line. The story lines also
changed

Phantom Of The Opera Research Paper
Phantom of the Opera
One of the main characters, the phantom, demonstrates the theme that appears throughout The
Phantom of the Opera that looks can be deceiving and the battle between good and evil. The
phantom of the opera shows you, that you should not judge on someone's physical appearance and
internal character is what is important. The tale of the phantom of the opera is a tale about romance,
compassion, and revenge. The Phantom's physical appearance differs from his true appearance
underneath the mask that he wears. In the beginning of The Phantom of the Opera Erik, the phantom
is shown as Christine's "angel of music". Erik, the phantom, had taken Christine under his wing as
her father figure. He taught her the true art of music and vocal talents. ... Show more content on
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He was taunted, poked, and laughed at. One of the women in the opera house came upon this young
tortured boy. With that said, is why is Erik, the phantom, is so bitter and terrors an opera house. The
woman had set the boy free, and had invited him to live underneath the opera house. When Christine
came to the opera house, he became possessive over her and begins to teach her the sound of music
with his angle like voice. Christine was memorized by the sound of his voice, almost like she was
under his spell. Christine is shocked and is slightly disgusted when she finds out what the phantom
truly looks like. A man with a distorted face. When Christine and Raoul, her childhood love, race
outside to escape when the phantom murders one of the light crew. She sings to Raoul that "I've seen
him, can't ever forget that sight, can I ever escape from that face, so distorted, it was hardly a face in
darkness" but she continues with song saying that "But his voice fills me with a sweet sound in the
night filled with music in my mind, and with the music my soul begun to sour". Which states that
even though she knows that he has a deformity on his face, she still chooses to think of him as her
"angel of

Comparing Opera And Opera
1. An opera is a drama that is heavily supported with instruments and music. An opera seria is a
more serious type of opera and was popular in Itally. 2. The main difference is that a recitative
includes more talking, and actors or actresses could have more of a casual exchange with talking
involved, where an aria is more singing. 3. An oratorio is a includes instruments, a choir, and
soloists and includes many of the same characteristics of operas. A difference is that an oratorio is
always centered around a religious theme. 4. homophonic, polyphonic, and monophony 5. A cantata
is a piece with soloists or an ensemble along with musical accompaniment of a keyboard or
ensemble. Bach was interested in writing cantatas, because he wanted to

Anchorage Opera Analysis
On April 10th, 11th, and 12th, Anchorage Opera performed a modernized rendition of Wolfgang
Amadeus Mozart's last opera; The Magic Flute (1791). The cast consisted of quite a few local
performers as well as guest appearances from acclaimed artists such as Branch Fields and Michael
Scarcelle. On the 11th, I attended the evening production accompanied by my music "hating" (her
words, not mine) mother. She was such a good sport until we found ourselves in the balcony seating
of the Discovery Theatre, in the front row, which was nauseating when you looked down (she's not a
fan of heights.) Albeit the discomfort, our seats provided us with a bird's eye view of both the
orchestra and stage.
Prior to attending the opera I had watched online performances of The Magic Flute to familiarize
myself with the story line and the musical style of each character and act. Anchorage Opera's
version was very different than the traditional piece. Mozart's original opera took place in Egypt and
had overwhelming undertones of Masonic symbolism and racism. Bill Fabris, Stage Director, stated
that he had removed that imagery and changed the setting to that of the Greek Gods where "mortals
and deities interact." These changes seemed to make the performance more appealing to today's
viewers, especially those new to opera, as we were able ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The couple behind me spoke of how excited they were to see the production, which made me
hopeful that my mom and I were in for quite a treat. As the lights dimmed and the orchestra began, I
realized that it was far too dark to take notes. The only light in the theatre was the illumination of the
orchestra pit and a single spotlight on the stage. "All the better to focus on the show," I thought to
myself. I'm now wishing it'd be able to take at least some notes as Mozart's piece was chaotically
charming, yet somewhat complicated to

The Historical Voices Of Opera
The Historical Voices of Opera:
From 1500 century to new Milieumn
For over thousands of years, Opera has become one of the greatest musical forms. By early 1600's,
Opera has made a major expansion all over Europe. Many singers were very skillful and challenged
of any vocal genre. Also, by this time the audience didn't just come and see actors/actress play
theatrical roles, they wanted to hear the sweet sound of the leading voices. Mostly, the high vocal
range parts stole the show. Between 1590 to 1900, the Castrati (male sopranos) played the leading
roles as the heroines, hero and villains, but it will take decades for women to arise from the religious
and political views which caused restriction on all opera houses to ban all women to participate on
stage. Like women, soon the rise for the castrate singers will decline and restrictions to participate
on stage will come into effect. There are four similarities between both sexes that causes a rise and
fall effect in the operatic form. First similarity is the history of the opera. According to John Brister,
before the existence of opera, each nationality has used boys, falsettos, or eunuchs as singers to
entertain and worship. Even though their voices admired by a historical point of view, the falsetto
and the eunuch didn't have appropriate signature or sound to continue. Eventually, the Spanish and
Roman church used castrati's in 1577–1578. They carried a lighter tone similar to a woman's voice.
Nonetheless,

Monteverdi Italian Opera Comparison

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