Impression Management

Impression Management
Self–efficacy– One's belief in the likelihood of goal completion can be motivating in itself (Van der
Bijl & Shortridge–Baggett, 2002). "Self–efficacy refers to people's judgements about their
capability to perform particular tasks. Task–related self–efficacy increases the effort and persistence
towards challenging tasks; therefore, increasing the likelihood that they will be completed" (Barling
& Beattie, 1983, as cited in Axtell & Parker, 2003, p. 114).
A person
Self–efficacy beliefs are an important aspect of human motivation and behavior as well as influence
the actions that can affect one's life. Regarding self–efficacy, Bandura (1995) explains that it "refers
to beliefs in one's capabilities to organize and execute ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
o it even if I may not have it at the beginning" – Mahatma Gandhi
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

Autism And The Prevalence Of Autism
The term autism has become a hot topic in recent years. The increasing number of children being
diagnosed with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) coupled with the uncertainty of the cause and
treatment methods has only added fuel to the fire. The Center for Disease Control currently reports
the rate of diagnosis at 1 in 68 children (Baio, 2014). This number is a startling when you consider
the studies conducted in Europe in the 1960's and 1970's reported the prevalence of autism to be 1 in
2,500 children (Baio, 2014). Like with any intellectual disability, autism affects the person
diagnosed as well as the caregivers. Various studies have demonstrated that a child having a
diagnosis of autism can have negative effects on the parent's mental health (Benson & Karloff,
2009). This finding is understandable if one considers the added emotional and psychological
stressors that can come along with adjusting to a lifelong diagnosis for the child. Access to potential
treatment resources and the finances to pay for such treatment add another layer of stress to an
already overwhelmed parent. In the replication study, Benson & Karloff noted that depression, anger
and psychological stress were all higher for parents of children with autism (2009). One of the
frustrating things for parents can be the uncertainty of treatment efficacy. Many an wait on lists for
months or years to begin a particular program only to find the treatment may or may not be effective
for their child. Studies

Disadvantages Of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
Cognitive behavioral therapy works to change people's behavior by focusing on their thoughts and
belief. Advantages of selecting CBT as a mode of treatment that it tends to be short and cost
effective. It is the most clinically evaluated treatment. In CBT there are no side effects like
medication and it is a natural way of dealing with psychological illness. There are various forms of
therapeutic sessions available in CBT. In the form of individual face to face sessions, group
sessions, interactive computerized CBT and even in self–help books. These options attract
individuals seeking treatment. ( (Disadvantages of cognitive behavioural therapy, 2011)
CBT can offer client with highly structural approach, planned treatment goals that are specific,
measurable, achievable, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The study included 30 controlled clinical trials. The motivational interviewing covered a wide range
of problem behaviors including drinking, drug use, risky sexual behaviors and diet and exercise. In
2006 Vasilaki, Hosier, and Cox published a meta–analysis on the efficacy of motivational
interviewing for excessive drinking. They examined the effects of motivational interviewing in
reducing alcohol consumption. Also they examined motivational interviewing was as effective as
other interventions. The findings revealed 22 relevant studies of which nine compared motivational
intervention with no treatment. They found that the effect size was larger. The results showed more
positive results for motivational interviewing when dependent drinkers were excluded. In brief they
found that motivational intervention was effective in treating drinking problems. According to
Lundhal et al in 2009 the effectiveness of motivational interviewing was positive among problem
behavior treatment. The meta–analysis examined several problematic behaviors which motivational
interviewing was applicable. (Lundahl & Burke,

Performance Management System Essay
Organizations derive competitive advantage by outperforming rivals in the execution of activities
required to ensure optimum operational effectiveness in providing products and services to
customers (Porter, 1996). Operational effectiveness depends largely on the extent to which the
organization's performance management system (PM) is capable of developing the knowledge,
skills, and abilities of its people (Allan, 1994). Thus, knowledge of developing and implementing an
effective PM system plays an essential role in achieving competitive advantage. Using the table
provided in Case Study 1–1 (Aguinis, 2009, pp. 24–25), this paper analyzes the content and efficacy
of the PM system being used by Aeternus Life Insurance Corporation (renamed ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Organizational Context To assess the capability of the Aeternus PM system to aid in creating
competitive advantage, this analysis necessarily takes into account the volatile nature of the
dynamically competitive internal and external environments in which Aeternus operates. Most
important, the constant restructuring of the organization through mergers, divestitures,
reorganization, downsizing, and off shoring, creates ongoing instability and inconsistency in the
performance management linchpins of operational strategy, culture, job designs, job descriptions,
and performance standards. Consequently, Aeternus struggles to maintain relative consistency
within and across the organization in the administration of its PM system. Thus, as the foregoing
discussion indicates, the efficacy of the Aeternus PM system appears to be significantly
compromised in terms of its capability for developing the organization's employees.
Reality Check for the Aeternus PM System Given this context, of the 14 key characteristics thought
to comprise an ideal PM system (Aguinis, 2009); approximately10 can be identified, at least to some
degree, within the Aeternus PM system. Of these, the characteristics of strategic congruence with
organizational goals, thoroughness of the appraisal process, functional practicality and ease of use of
the system, and meaningfulness of the system, represent the

The Effective Practice Of Teaching
Researchers have dedicated countless hours of investigation to the complex activity of teaching.
There is no shortage of opinion about what constitutes effective practices in education and how to
improve this practice. Education reform has been a topic of political and public interest for many
years, and given that students spend a great part of their day with teachers, teachers and their
practice are often at the center of the debate. Teacher effectiveness is linked to positive student
achievement (Nye, Konstantopoulos, & Hedges, 2004) in that the better equipped a teacher is to
perform their job, one can expect better results in student learning.
Proposals for improving teacher practice vary. These proposals range from restructuring ... Show
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A large body of research supports the connection between highly effective teachers and student
success (Darling–Hammond, 2000; Darling–Hammond & Berry, 2006; Wenglinsky, 2000). Because
the purpose of instructional coaching is to improve teacher practice, it makes sense to also expect an
effect in student learning. However, while there is a wealth of research supporting the notion that
coaching is an effective means to help teachers improve their practice, there hasn't been a great deal
of research linking coaching to student achievement. In fact, according to Marsh, McCombs, and
Martorell (2010)"the largest gap in the existing research on coaching programs is the lack of
evidence of coaching programs' effects on student achievement" (p. 877).
This literature review examines the theory and history behind the practice of instructional coaching
and the research that supports its effectiveness in support of teacher practice. The chapter further
identifies and describes the different approaches to coaching and the specific models and
frameworks predominantly adopted districts across the United States. The review will also consider
the differences and similarities across types of coaching and coaching models and the challenges of
the variances. Finally, the chapter reviews the existing body of scholarly

The Importance Of Self-Efficacy In The Classroom
Teacher sense of self–efficacy is an important component of educational research and is relevant to
teacher performance and student achievement. Despite a theoretical cadre of some confusion, the
concept of self –efficacy is mostly contextual and vastly use in the educational domain as we move
forward in the 21st century classroom, in the United States, and abroad. For instance although
Bandura's theory established that the four sources of self–efficacy are– mastery experiences,
vicarious experiences, social persuasion and emotional and psychological states (Bandura, 1995),
some researchers are considering "mastery experience" as the most important (Sander & Sanders,
2006 , p30) and for others the most important source is "past–performance" (West, Lunenberg &
Hines, 2014, p 46). Nonetheless, teacher self–efficacy is a topic of considerable weight as it affects
the tasks and goals of teachers in the classroom, the activities and methods they use and the care and
effort teachers are willing to make so that the results in classroom improve (Darling–Hammond,
Chung & Frelow 2002; Eisenbeis & Cappellini 2013 ). Teachers, seen as facilitator rather than
lecturers, are promoting acquisition of knowledge to all students and in turn encourage students to
develop their self–efficacy to acquire knowledge, respond to high order questions, participate in
substantive discussion and be in touch with the world at large (West, Lunenberg & Hines, 2014) .
Furthermore, Wood and Bandura

Light emitting diodes, also known as LEDs have really...
Light emitting diodes, also known as LEDs have really changed the way people think about lighting.
An ordinary incandescent light bulb uses up 90% of energy it consumes as heat. Also, they last
about 900 hours. The LED lasts about 25,000 hours, which is equivalent to 22 years. This is a major
difference.
Origins of the Technology:
In 1962, Nick Holonyak Jr. invented the first light emitting diode, also known as the LED light bulb.
He was a general Electric researcher. Some of the first work done on LEDs was at Bell Labs in the
1950's. GE scientists were experimenting with many different chemicals. "By 1960, GE scientists
were experimenting with gallium arsenide, a III–V semiconductor compound alloy (III and V
referring to columns of the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
After that, blue and white diodes were made. The blue diodes helped with the creation of the white
diodes. Researchers decided to coat the blue LEDs with phosphor (a fluorescent fluid) to make the
blue LEDs look white. All of this allowed LEDs to be used in traffic lights, flashlights, and TVs.
LED bulbs are more efficient than regular bulbs. A regular CFL light bulbs costs about $5, while an
LED can vary from $15–$40. LEDs are more expensive because their efficiency is better than an
ordinary bulb. Regular light bulbs do a terrible job of converting energy to light. This causes the
majority of the energy in the light bulb to be wasted as heat energy. The bad thing about LEDs is
that they are more expensive than regular bulbs. This is very negative because today people may not
want to spend their money on something like this.
How it Works: The first part of a light emitting diode (LED) is the diode. A diode is an electric
component that has two electrodes that are called the anode and the cathode. The diode is the
simplest type of a semi conductor. A semi conductor is a solid chemical element that can conduct
electricity. Most semiconductors are made with damaged conductors that have impurities added to
them. This is called doping. The impurities can be atoms from another material. "In pure aluminum–
gallium–arsenide, all of the atoms bond perfectly to their neighbors, leaving no free electrons
(negatively charged particles) to conduct electric current."

Self Congruity In Advertising
The 2017 commercial for the Samsung Wireless Charger acts as a fairly successful attempt to
provide an appealing ad for a specific target audience. Namely, it targets a consumer base that
already uses Samsung products. This is obvious by the product advertised in the ad; rather than
presenting the general Samsung brand in a persuasive manner, it focuses on a specific product that
accessorizes the Samsung phone and therefore can only be used by existing customers. In the ad,
three distinct persuasive features–specifically, selfl–congruity (or source similarity), appeal to
positive emotion, and source likeability–are implemented in a way that, though ineffective in
attracting new customers, is effective in the purpose of reinforcing the brand image and product
usefulness for existing customers.
One typically effective persuasive feature is that when the source is similar to the audience; this
source feature is also known as self–congruity. Self–congruity is described by Basfirinci as "the
match between product–user image and the audience's self–concept" (p. 59); Basfirinci's research
(2014) subsequently demonstrates how a high amount of self–congruity in an advertisement will
increase its effectiveness specifically when the image aligns with the audience's ideal self–concept
and not their practical one. In this sense, not only does self–congruity serve to represent source
similarity, but it also satisfies a content feature by appealing to higher–order human needs including

The Comparison of Reality Therapy and Existential Theory...
The Comparison of Reality Therapy and Existential Theory in Addiction Counseling:
The Case of Jack
Walden University
The case of Jack illustrates a number of dilemmas faced by addiction counselors; namely, his
resistance to treatment and external locus of control. Jack not only denies his need for counseling,
but also denies that his alcohol use is any fault of his own. Thus, this paper will serve to analyze and
evaluate two therapeutic approaches that emphasize personal responsibility and internal locus of
control. First, reality therapy may prove effective with Jack because it frames problems as goals, and
also does not believe in the power of outside forces and the past (Miller, ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
A weakness, at least in the case of Jack, may be reality theory's lack of interest in past events and
outside forces. Similarly, these characteristics can also be strengths of the theory; however, Jack has
experienced significant trauma (the loss of his legs in the war and his recent medical news) that may
hinder his ability to recognize the role of his individual behaviors in his addiction. These
weaknesses do not discount the possible success of reality therapy with Jack, but may make success
more gradual. The significant trauma and suffering that Jack has experienced may also be addressed
through an existential approach. Existential theory acknowledges that life is challenging, unfair, and
(according to most theorists) devoid of intrinsic meaning (Frankl, 1985). This tenet validates Jack's
overt anger towards his wife and the loss of his legs. However, existential theory also posits that,
though life can be challenging, individuals are autonomous in their decision to suffer. So, Jack's
unhappiness (and resultant addiction) is not the direct result of past traumatic events, but of his
negative perspective and subsequent behaviors. This tenant can both empower and discourage
clients; on one hand, the client is able to escape their self–imposed entrapment stemming from life's
struggles, on the other hand, the client

Are Veterinary Products Necessary For Oral Administration?
Introduction
Drenches are veterinary products which contain liquid formulation for oral administration that is
used to kill internal and external parasites in most of the livestock especially in sheep. It serves
mainly as a deworming purpose and is used in the worm control on any farms. Drenches is also
known as anthelmintics as they contain active ingredients that kill the helminths in the stomach of
the livestock. Basically, there are three major types of drenches which are the suspensions, solutions
and emulsions. (P.Junquera, 2015) Drenches can become a broad spectrum when they treat an
extensive range of internal parasites or a narrow spectrum when they treat only a restricted range of
internal parasites. (Sheep Worms: Signs, Management Plan, Control, & Drenching, 2015) There are
several chemical groups in drenches and each of them have a specific mode of action on the worm.
Drench test can be carried out regularly to ensure the effectiveness of certain drenches to a particular
parasitic worm. Several steps have to be taken carefully as well when drenching as inappropriate
drenching may cause the drench resistance. Combinations of various drenches are implemented in
order to prevent the occurrence of drench resistance whereby the worms are resistant to a certain
type of drenches. (Drenches, n.d.) Thus, it is very important to preserve several effective drenches to
cope with this problem.
CONTENT
Major Types of Drenches
(a) Suspensions
The active ingredient is a

Is The Duluth Method Of Bipp An Effective Treatment...
Is the Duluth Method of BIPP an Effective Treatment Program for Latinos?
JGS
Texas State University
Is the Duluth Method of BIPP an Effective Treatment Program for Latinos?
Statement of the Problem Intimate partner violence or domestic violence is not only a physical
incident between a couple. Domestic Violence encompasses physical, sexual, emotional, economic,
and psychological forms taken by a perpetrator against the victim. In Texas 77% of all Hispanic
have either themselves or know someone who has experienced some form of domestic violence and
64% of all Hispanic have reported having personally experienced at least one form of domestic
violence in their lifetime. This is a 16% difference from the 47% of Texans that have reported ...
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My research will help by demonstrating the effectiveness or ineffectiveness of the current Duluth
method of BIPP programs with the Latino population. Currently, social service programs and courts
are mandating domestic violence perpetrators to Batterer intervention prevention programs as a
first–choice solution to the problem. However, if the Duluth method is not effective in treating these
individuals then a new approach must be taken. My research can help expand and shape policy by
changing the preferred model used by BIPP programs in Texas and by changing the viewpoint of
social services and courts who mandate these individuals to attend BIPP programs that are not
effectively helping the Latino population
Research Question The question that I will ask during this research proposal is: Is the Duluth
Method of Batterer Intervention Prevention Programs an effective treatment program for the Latino
population? The answer this this questions will help shape standards as to effective treatment
options for Latino clients attending BIPP, such as using a strength based approached to keep them
engaged, instead of receiving the same treatment as other clients. At the end of this study I intend to
observe if Batterer Intervention Programs are effective treatment options for perpetrators of
domestic violence. If this is not an effective method of treatment, then alternatives will be
considered to see how effective they have been at

Homeopathic Case Study
What is the efficacy of the use of homeopathic treatment in reducing pain levels in osteoarthritic
elderly populations? Population Elderly with osteoarthritis
Intervention / Exposure Homeopathy
Comparison N/A
Outcome Pain levels
Osteoarthritis* OR
OA OR
Osteoarthritic* AND
Elderly* OR
Old* OR
Senior* OR
Aged* AND
Homeopathy AND
Pain* Or
"Pain level*" AND
Randomized control trial AND
English AND
Published between 2007 and 2017 Cochrane database
PubMed
Ovid
Since the intervention effect is being investigated, a randomized control trial is the highest level of
evidence. Therefore, articles 1,3,4 and 10 will not be selected.
Of the remaining 6, articles 2 and 5 are single blinded ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Article 6:
Diagnostic purity bias
In this study there were several selection criteria which may have ruled out a certain population
from participating. The inclusion criteria stated that the participant must have at least moderate pain
on movement, additionally if NSAIDs or analgesic treatments were previously undertaken
additional criteria needed to be met. The study also ruled out subjects with severe OA requiring
surgery, subjects with skin affections on the treated knee, and subjects with additional joint diseases.
The external validity of the study may be reduced, due to the selection criteria being exclusive to a
significant number of the population of interest.

To limit the diagnostic purity bias the exclusion criteria should be more open, this would lead to
greater representation of the wider population rather than specific group of people.
Participation bias
During this study the subjects were given a gel and instructed to apply it three times daily to the
affected knee. At the end of the study pain on walking and the single joint Ritchie index were the
main outcome measures (Van Haselen, & Fisher 2000, p. 715). Consequently, the subjects in this
study would most likely have a good idea of the purpose behind this study. Ultimately this could
cause the subjects to subconsciously alter their behaviours and attitudes to match how they think the
researchers want them to behave. One example of this may be that

The Theory Of Social Psychology
Social psychology seeks to identify and understand how society (i.e. family, community, sub groups,
and peers, etc.) influences thoughts, feelings, and behaviors of the individual. Within the realm of
social psychology, two prominent theorists emerge, Albert Bandura and Bernard Weiner. Both
theorists have made great impacts within their fields, determining and describing cause and effect of
social influences on the individual's behaviors, but more importantly, how external contributors
manifest into self– construct systems for motivation of cognition, behavior, and learning. With
Bandura's concepts of self–regulation / self–efficacy, and Weiner's concept of attribution as driving
mechanisms for motivation in individual cognition and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Within his theory, Bandura defined four components: observational learning, self–regulation, self–
efficacy, and reciprocal determinism for exhibiting behavior. Instead of simply functioning from a
system of external stimulus as means for creating a desired, learned behavior, Bandura believed
individuals learned through an interrelation system of observations, internalized meaning, through
an interaction of personal and social reinforcements. "Social cognitive theory acknowledges the
interrelationship between the individual, the environment, and behavior" (Grusec, 1992). Bandura
also believes through self–regulation and self–efficacy motivation is for learning new information is
defined.
Bernard Wiener is a social psychologist who is actively promoting his research on attribution of
motivation and emotions theory. "Attribution investigates the perception of causality or the
judgement of why a particular incident occurred" (Weiner, 1972). Wiener discerns attributions
encourage and/or deter cognitive processes and learning. There are three stages of the attribution
theory: observation, determination of behavior, and attributing to causes. Once an event or
occurrence is observed, and behavior is exhibited, then an external or internal attribution is defined
through two perspectives: self and other. Wiener suggests, using his mentor John Atkinson's
concept, that motivation is formulated and can be identified through attributions.
Components of Social Cognitive

Treatment Efficacy (OCD): A Case Study
Treatment Efficacy OCD is most commonly treated with psychopharmacological medications (i.e.,
selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), with up to 65% of patients being treated with SSRIs
(Blanco et al., 2006); however, as can be recalled, it is also treated with ERP, CT, and ERP+CT,
which are variants of CBT and the most widely recognized, implemented, and studied psychological
treatments. Many randomized controlled trials (RCTs), meta–analyses, and past qualitative reviews
have individually evaluated and compared the efficacies of these psychological interventions as well
as psychopharmacological interventions. A few of these primary studies will be described and
discussed below. ERP has garnered immense empirical support (Franklin ... Show more content on
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In an RCT conducted by Cottraux et al. (2001), the effectiveness of ERP was compared with CT. In
their study, Cottraux and colleagues' randomly assigned 65 patients to either an ERP or a CT
condition (i.e., 33 in ERP condition and 32 in CT condition). The results of their study showed at
post–treatment and a one–year follow–up that CT and ERP were equally effective in the treatment of
OCD. Both CT and ERP were correlated with similar reductions (42% to 44%) in scores on the Y–
BOCS. These results were contrary to their hypothesis that CT would be more efficacious,
especially long–term, because it is believed to modify cognitive schemas. Although the authors
found that CT and ERP were equally effective and associated with cognitive change, they also
observed that the therapeutic processes were different in CT and ERP, in that the modification of the
dysfunctional appraisal of intrusive thoughts was highly associated with CT but not ERP–i.e., CT,
but not ERP, improved scores on the Intrusive Thoughts and Their Interpretation Questionnaire
(ITIQ). Whittal, Thordarson, and McLean (2005) also compared the efficacies of ERP and CT.
Whittal et al. randomly assigned 83 participants to either an ERP or a CT condition. Of these 83
participants, only 59 completed treatment. Like Cottraux et al., Whittal et al. discovered that ERP
and CT were comparably effective in reducing OCD symptoms–that is, there

Teaching Children With Autism Essay
Plethora of instructional formats can be used by teachers when teaching children with autism. Some
of the instructional formats commonly used with children with ASD include small group instruction,
one–on–one instruction, peer–mediated instruction, discrete trial and direct instruction. Use of
reinforcement can be highly effective when delivering instruction to children with autism. Several
forms of reinforcement can be utilized to increase desired behavior, such as use of computers,
edibles, toys, stickers, and verbal praises depending on what's motivating for the child. Barton,
Lawrence, & Deurloo (2012) suggested that "Identifying and using individualized reinforcers are
useful for maintaining motivation and can be essential to the ... Show more content on
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212). In their study, they evaluated DTT in a real situation where they recommended that "As
educators and paraeducators seek to use DTT in community–based settings, it is critical that they
receive the training and supervision needed to allow them to implement DTT in the manner in which
it has proven effective" (p. 218). The study evaluated the training in school setting, but did not
generalize skills to different settings. Further research is needed to determine the efficacy of well
trained staff in delivering DTT to children with ASD. DTT is an evidence–based practice, and
research has shown that it can help in teaching language skills and maximizing learning when
instruction is delivered with consistency and by trained staff. Discrete trial training is more effective
in one–on–one instruction while direct instruction can be delivered in small group format. Direct
instruction (DI) intervention can be used with children with autism to develop their language skills.
In comparing discrete trial instruction to direct instruction, Flores & Ganz (2014) studied
effectiveness of both DI and DTT in a summer school program where thirteen students with autism
attended for four weeks and received special education services. They found that "the students in the
DI group performed slightly better than their peers in the DTT group with moderate difference in
effect on student learning for the DI group" (p.201).

Self-Efficacy And Social Learning Theory
Social Learning Theory emphasises the principles of learning through the observation of others, this
is where the concept of self efficacy is derived from. Defined by Bandura (1977), self efficacy is 'the
belief in ones capabilities to organise and execute the courses of action required to produce given
attainments'. Simply put, self efficacy is how an individual perceives their control over their own
ability to complete behaviours and reach goals set. The belief that a behaviour will lead to a
particular outcome, known as outcome expectancies is important in determining behaviour,
incorporating self efficacy and ones beliefs that they are capable of reaching goals.
At the present time there is a vast number of health related problems facing the current generation,
possibly receiving the most media attention is the obesity epidemic, caused by lack of physical
activity and unhealthy diets, vast evidence has been presented showing that self–efficacy is a
reliable predictor of many health–related behaviours, including healthy eating, safer sexual
behaviour and smoking (Luszczynska & Schwarzer, 2005). Self efficacy has been shown to be a
reliable predictor of changes in many health–related behaviours (Luszczynska & Schwarzer, 2005),
fortunately self efficacy can be changed, in turn influencing the behaviour. Due to self efficacy
being highly situation dependent, i.e. a person could have high self efficacy in the view of their
ability to stop smoking, while self efficacy towards

Advantages And Disadvantages For Ocd
Prazeres, Souza and Fontenelle (2007) have conducted a systematic review of a decade's worth of
controlled trials and meta–analysis involving cognitive or behavioural treatment or cognitive
behavioural treatments for OCD. The findings of various studies have established ERP and CT as
effective methods for the treatment of OCD in children, adolescents and adults. Additionally, the
researchers also found that while for adults, combining Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SRIs) and
ERP or CT was not associated with any additional therapeutic effect, for children, the combination
of SRIs and ERP were found to be superior to either treatment alone. The authors conclude that ERP
and CT together may lead to significant benefits, specially for patients ... Show more content on
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These comparisons consisted of sample from 8 countries from 5 continents including Asia, Europe,
Oceania, North America and South America. Results have indicated that the effect sizes for only
ERP, only Cognitive Restructuring (CR) and a combination of both were very similar. The
researchers also found that ERP and CR together did not lead to any additional benefits as compared
to either of these treatments alone. While therapist–guided exposure, a combination of in–vivo and
imaginal was most successful, group therapy was equally effective as individual therapy.
Houghton, Saxon, Bradburn, Ricketts & Hardy (2010) aimed to compare the effectiveness of
routinely delivered CBT for OCD with the outcomes achieved in Randomized Controlled Trials
(RCTs). A total of 39 participants were recruited and 28 completed the treatment. The results
indicated that 37% of the participants showed clinically significant and reliable change. 13 RCTs
were included in the systematic review and the results indicated that the CBT delivered in a clinical
setting is equally beneficial to that delivered in clinical

Positive Effects For Youth Sports
Raising children in a society of full of competition, negativity, and low self–esteem is challenging.
How are parents to build up their children when it seems the world is trying to tear them down? In
an effort to build positive self–esteem in children and create an environment that treats every child
equally, youth sports teams hand out participation trophies to every player on the team, regardless of
skill or ability. This helps level the playing field for children and encourages the idea that all players
are winners. While there is a lot of debate on whether or not these trophies should be handed out to
every player, participation trophies do have positive effects on children.
Praising children with participation trophies has many beneficial affects. According to a study done
by Albert Bandura, a psychologist from Stanford University, one of the strongest effects of praise is
"self–efficacy, or personal beliefs about one's capabilities to achieve particular outcomes–a variable
that has been linked to adaptive coping behavior, effort expenditure, and success" (Bandura, 1982).
Giving positive praise helps children believe that they are special and that they are important.
Helping individuals feel good about themselves and feeling that they can achieve something great,
even without being the best player on the team.
Participation trophies encourage participation in youth sports and helps build excitement, especially
for teams or players that may not generally receive

Wooquer Case Analysis Essay
With the rapid evolution and expansion of the Indian retail environment, Madura F&L's ability to
morph in response to market demands and consumer needs is nonnegotiable. Engaging and
managing their workforce is highly important as success within the retail industry is directly
correlated to supporting a consistent brand image and providing a superior customer experience.
With broadly distributed locations and employee base, it is crucial that consistent standard operating
procedures be established and implemented to facilitate their ambitious expansion plans. To address
this issue, Madura F&L should implement a cloud platform such as Wooqer to achieve operational
effectiveness while enabling flexibility and real time collaboration to ... Show more content on
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Engaging, developing, and managing the MF&L workforce is first priority as the complexity of
managing operations intensifies with expansion. The workforce must be well educated on SOPs,
enabled with the resources to successful complete all requirements, and monitored to ensure quality.
Given the geographic and demographic diversity of their locations, customization of the training
modules must be enabled to facilitate responsiveness to customer needs through the empowerment
of leadership, without violating consistency. Current IT solutions available to Madura lacked
sufficient consistency and coverage capabilities and were ineffective in managing remote programs.
Very few solutions were able to assist in SOP training compliance monitoring. These solutions also
hindered Madura's ability to innovate and adapt to changes in their company's process, which in turn
delayed access to pertinent business information resulting in ineffectiveness. Venkatagiri and
Prakash state, "...large–scale IT systems were found to be rigid on the strategic front. ERP systems
were criticized for prescribing business processes, rather than accommodating them"(2013).
Significant investments have been made by MF&L that arguably are capable of satisfying the future
demands of the growing company. Multiple platforms were integrated to form a solution that
addressed many of the issues faced in the early 2000's. Their

Snugness Research Paper
Feeling tight or entirely hamstrings It is an exceptionally regular confusion that if hamstrings feel
tight, they should be short and needing extending .The individual will then continue in extending
them, and ask why they continue feeling tight notwithstanding their earnest attempts. This is on the
grounds that the sentiment snugness in a muscle is subjective and does not demonstrate that the
muscle is in reality short. The tangible part of the sensory system can't tell if a muscle is short or not.
Is going on that the sentiment snugness is the cerebrum letting you know something isn't right. It is
in normal for an as of now overstretched muscle to feel tight. Regularly the demonstration of
extending tight hamstrings will in truth result ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
On the off chance that somebody has the "inclination" of snugness in the hamstrings there can be an
assortment of explanations behind this. Presumably the most well–known is there is something
incorrectly in the back or pelvis. Additionally there could be some neighborhood issue in the
hamstrings themselves, for example, a tear or scar tissue. On the off chance that it is commanding in
one leg, it's conceivable the sciatic nerve might be included. An appraisal by an Osteopath or other
physical advisor is required to recognize where the issue is originating from. Genuine short
hamstrings This should be possible by lying on back and lifting the leg, when the pelvis begins to
tilt in reverse and the back levels to the floor stop. The leg ought to go to around 80 degrees. Most
people with hamstrings are typically ignorant of it and they don't feel tight to that individual. What's
the issue with having real short hamstrings? Having sufficient length in the hamstrings is critical.
And in addition being essential in games, for example, football and running, it can turn into a
noteworthy benefactor in keeping up or bringing about back torment. A few sorts of back issues are
not settled until the hamstrings are returned to sufficient length. It is likewise significant that
hamstrings can get shorter as a result of back issues also, along these lines delivering a thick

Casus Monologue
She is getting tan. Casus notes as he steps into the sunlight shining across the armory courtyard. She
wears trousers now too, stuffed into the tops of her boots and a shirt that he thinks might be too big,
tucked into the waist of her trousers. But Zelda does not seem to notice or care. She is slick with
sweat, loose strands of hair falling from her braid, hugging her cheeks and neck. She hardly notices
that either, as she goes through the paces with ease, the recruit – soldier now, Casus supposes –
stepping through them with her. When Casus moves in close, he listens to her as she instructs the
eager boy. "...Follow through then, like so." When she demonstrates, she turns the boy, and comes
face to face with Casus. She looks surprised for only a moment before her face brightens, a smile
spreading easily across her lips. "Casus!" He smiles in return and wraps an arm about her shoulders
when she hugs him. "It feels like a lifetime has passed." "You've been busy." Quite busy from the
looks of it. He can feel muscle, where she had once ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
There had been little time to discuss their wedding, now that Zelda had found other things to occupy
her. She no longer spent her days in the library, reading old tomes by the dying light of a candle
burned to the nub. Auru had her mornings and some of her afternoons if their debates and arguments
ran long. After that, well, she would all but vanish into the aether. For the first few weeks, Casus
thought to search for her, and he would check her usual haunts. She would never be there.
Eventually, he had given up, and attended to their wedding plans alone. It did not occur to him to
ever check the armory for her. He'd thought swordplay little more than a passing fancy. Something
to occupy her between her lessons and her leisure time with him. Not a this – whatever this is – that
would monopolize her day and night. Perhaps he had been wrong, about a great many

How To Read Like A Writer By Mike Bunn
When studying through a textbook, reading an online blog, or watching a YouTube video, most
people simply absorb the raw information that is provided – after all, that is what those sources are
generally used for. However, behind all that information lies deeper knowledge of a vast ocean of
context. This context sets the criteria for effectiveness, a topic discussed in the essay "How to Read
Like a Writer" by Mike Bunn. Bunn states that every text or video publisher has an intended
audience that it aims to please, and they achieve those goals through a specific choice of
conversation, selected diction, and an understanding of the consequences that could happen after the
audience reads or watches their content. The correct choices increases the effectiveness of hooking
the attention of their audience. There were several articles that displayed efforts of effectiveness for
their target audience, but this essay will discuss one YouTube video that stood out amongst the rest.
In the YouTube video "How Wolves Change Rivers" published by Sustainable Human, the narrator
argues that the introductions of wolves to Yellowstone National Park not only altered the ecology of
animals, but that they also brought upon massive improvements to the luscious environment as well.
The author brings upon the conversation by discussing a term used in the food chain called the
"trophic cascade", a term that describes how the introduction of an organism at that top of the food
chain can

The Importance Of Self-Efficacycy In Science
Within the profession of teaching, having a positive and enthusiastic approach within lessons has
repeatedly been proven to drastically impact on the learning that takes place in the classroom. A
teacher's efficacy has a vital influence on their own personal behaviour, beliefs and motivation with
their students and succeeding outcomes (Woolfolk & Hoy, 1990) having an individual interest and
motivation to make science a fun and engaging subject is key to its delivery in a lesson. With being
able to produce and organise a lesson that coincides with genuine positive attitudes towards students
and the lesson itself (Tschannen–Moran, Woolfolk Hoy, & Hoy 1998, p. 233), teacher efficacy
therefore has a major role in the development of students own self–efficacy and achievement in the
classroom (Midgley, Feldlaufer, & Eccles, 1989).
1. Teacher self–efficacy within science impacting on student's self–efficacy towards science.
Teachers have been proven to be more motivated in teaching a subject they feel comfortable
teaching rather than teaching and creating lessons on a subject they personally dislike or don't find
interesting/ important. The subject of science is not a subject many teachers feel efficacious when
teaching (Howitt, 2007). Despite two decades of research in the area Palmer (2011) pronounces that
lack of efficacy for teaching science is "still very much alive" (p. 2). Therefore, teachers lack in their
classrooms efficient amounts of science lessons and ideals that

Evaluation Of A Quantitative Article Using Melnyk &...
iQuit in Practice
Naughton, F., Jamison, J., Boase, S., Sloan, M., Gilbert, H., Prevost, A. T., & ... Sutton, S. (2014).
Randomized controlled trial to assess the short–term effectiveness of tailored web– and text–based
facilitation of smoking cessation in primary care (iQuit in Practice). Addiction, 109(7), 1184–1193
10p. doi:10.1111/add.12556 The purpose of this paper is to present an analysis of a quantitative
article using Melnyk & Fineout–Overholt's (2015) rapid critical appraisal (RCA) for a randomized
clinical trial. Topics included are the validity of the research, results of the research and how the
information can be applied to the clinical care of my own patient population. This study by
Naughton et al. (2014) was conducted to identify the effectiveness of the iQuit program, a self–help
program supported by text messaging, as an adjunct to smoking cessation education offered in the
primary care setting. The authors report smoking cessation offered in the primary care setting varies
widely but research showed the added option of a self–help program for patients produces a
cessation rate of as much as twice the rate of those patients who were given only in– office
education (Naughton et al.). I find the validity of this study plausible as the participants were
randomized into two groups with one being offered usual care and the second group being offered
usual care plus the iQuit system. The authors completed

Pay For Performance Pay : An Effective Compensation...
Overview Pay–for–performance pay is an increasingly popular compensation strategy in today's
business world. According to research conducted by consulting firm Aon Hewitt, 90% of the 1,100
employers polled use some form of variable, performance–based pay in their compensation strategy
(Kelleher, 2013). There is also considerable evidence that employees, themselves, believe that their
compensation should be tied in some way to their performance (Milkovich, Newman, & Gerhart,
2016, p. 332). With such a significant number of organizations utilizing this type of pay, as well as
the overwhelming support of employees, it would seem that pay–for–performance is an effective
strategy. However, there is argument over whether pay–for–performance is truly an effective
compensation strategy. Despite its prevalence and support, both managerial and employee alike,
failures such as Hewlett–Packard's in the 1990's (Beer & Cannon, 2004) demonstrate that the extent
of pay–for–performance's effectiveness is questionable. This report sets out to examine the evidence
in support of and in opposition against the efficacy of pay–for–performance to determine if this
compensation strategy can truly motivate employee behavior and benefit an organization's business
strategy.
Research Findings Pay–for–performance is an effective compensation method. Numerous studies
evaluate the effectiveness of pay–for–performance and find that it successfully improves employee
productivity and performance. A study

Use Of Massage Therapy For Reducing Postoperative Pain...
This section presents the evidence identified through a search and review of the literature related to
the effectiveness of the use of massage therapy to reduce postoperative pain in post–surgical
patients. Seven articles published between 2009 and 2014 were reviewed (Abbaspoor, Akbari, &
Najar, 2014; Albert, Gillinov, Lylte, Feng, Cwynar, & Blackstone, 2009; Bauer, Cutshall,
Wentworth, Engen, Messner, Wood, Brekke, Kelly, & Sundt, 2010; Braun, Stanguts, Casanelia,
Spitzer, Paul, Vardazis, & Rosenfeldt, 2012; Cutshall, Wentworth, Engen, Sundt, Kelly, & Bauer,
2010; Degirmen, Ozerdogan, Sayiner, Kosgeroglu, & Ayranci, 2010; Ucuzal & Kanan, 2014).
Findings included quantitative experimental studies of randomized controlled trials and a ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Three of the four studies suggested that massage therapy reduces postoperative pain in cardiac
patients as compared to patients receiving only standard care. One study did not identify any
benefits of massage therapy regarding to pain in cardiac patients. In three randomized control trials,
similar findings of massage therapy on the reduction of pain were found. In these studies, the control
groups received the usual postoperative care which included analgesic administration (Bauer et al.,
2010; Braun et al., 2012; Cutshall et al., 2010). The experimental groups received the usual care as
well as two 20–minutes massage sessions on two different days. During the 20 minutes when the
experimental group received the massage, the control group had 20 minutes of rest time to mirror
the time of the massage patients. Visual analog scales were used in all three studies to measure pain
intensity. Massage was provided depending on where the patients preferred and the areas of
discomfort. It was found that in all three studies, the reduction of pain scores was more significant in
the experimental groups as compared to the control groups whom only received rest time and
analgesic medications. In one study, the patients' average pain scores were reduced by 52% after
massage therapy in one of the two days of receiving massage while the

Elderly Population Health Intervention
Fall among elderly population is a global public health problem which remains one of the leading
cause of death and disability among older adults. Accidental fall occurs at least once a year among
30–40 percentage of general population over 65 and above. Ten to twenty five percentage of these
fall can be resulted in substantial physical injuries. Quality of life can be affected after fall as a result
of reduced physical activity and social interaction. During the last decade various intervention
programs have been established to prevent or decrease the incidence of fall. Interventions such as
exercise program, environmental and pharmaceutical interventions are beneficial in preventing fall
among the elderly population (Tousignant, Corriveau, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This research study concluded that various intervention such as exercise and cognitive behavior
programs can reduce fall among elderly people. Tai chi is an alternative form of exercise which can
improve balance and decrease the incidence of falls. This exercise consist of a series of consecutive,
balanced movements performed in a slow and relaxed manner to improve muscle strength,
cardiopulmonary capacity, spinal flexibility and balance. This program is safe for elderly patients
(Tousignant et al., 2012). Such programs should be introduced in the hospital setting therefore
patients can slowly regain their strength and balance under supervision. Many times patients become
debilitated due to inadequate exercise while recovering from the diseases. A properly designed
physical activity program in the hospitals based on the patient's functional level can improve overall
health and quality of

Avoidance Of Experiences That May Create Negative Internal...
Avoidance of experiences that may create negative internal reactions is generalized to avoidance of
many other activities, restricting the individual's engagement in valued action and increasing
distress. For these reasons, ABBT aims to help individuals modify their relationship with internal
experiences, decrease experiential avoidance and increase engagement in valued action. To achieve
these objectives, ABBT incorporates mindfulness strategies, cognitive behavioral interventions,
ACT and Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT). One aspect of ABBT protocol is psychoeducation
regarding the acceptance–based model: teaching individuals how worry serves as a strategy for
avoiding more distressing internal experiences and about the more general ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) and Applied Relaxation (AR) are recognized as "gold standard"
treatments for GAD, thus the following studies were selected to compare ABBT with well–
established GAD treatments. CBT is a commonly used, evidence–based treatment for GAD. Linden
et al. (2005) conducted a controlled clinical trial to examine the efficacy of CBT for GAD. Their
study included 72 outpatients with the sole diagnosis of GAD. 36 participants were randomly
assigned to twenty–five sessions of CBT and the remaining 36 were assigned to a control group,
receiving the CBT treatment protocol 14.5 weeks after the start of the trial. Comparison between
treatment and control groups and between treatment groups were performed on multiple measures of
clinician and self– rated anxiety scales. Statistically significant reductions in anxiety were found
between treatment and control conditions and improvement remained stable 8 months post–
treatment. However, 33.4% of participants in the first treatment group and 15.7% of participants in
the second treatment group remained "moderately ill" at the end of treatment (Linden et al., 2005).
Although Linden et al. (2005) suggest that their findings supports CBT as an effective treatment for
GAD due to the 65.6% of control group participants that were "moderately ill" after the wait period,
it seems a sizeable proportion of participants remained symptomatic post–treatment. Comparing a
relatively new treatment, ABBT,

The Career Development Center Counsels Students
One of the methods in which the Career Development Center counsels students is through "walk–
ins", where students can come in without an appointment and can engage in a casual conversation
with a counselor about topics such as internship or job opportunities, resume critiquing and
developing an intended career path. A majority of the students who come in through walk–ins have
no prior experience of applying for internships/jobs and and are often conflicted about immediately
going to graduate school or working once they graduate. More often than not, these students are
accompanied by self–defeating attitudes such as feeling inadequate for a job or internship due to a
lack of experience, doubting their capabilities of getting a job/internship, expressing insecurities of
not having a perfect GPA, or feeling extremely doubtful of having the ability to chose a desirable
career path that is suitable to their interests or major. Sometimes the students that come in are so
overwhelmed with these feelings that they will give up on finding an internship or discontinue using
the Career Development Center services to develop a post–Graduation plan. This problem however,
is not just a problem that exists at the Career Development Center at Purchase, but a problem that
exists at Career Development Centers on college campuses nationwide. A 2013 study conducted by
Andrews, Bullock–Yowell, Dahlem & Nicholson analyzed negative career thoughts, perfectionism
and career decision–making

Complicated Grief Essay
Ciska et al examined randomized controlled trials related to prevention or treatment of complicated
grief from a systematic literature search to determine the short–term and long–term effect of both
preventive and treatment interventions for adults with complicated grief (2010). Researchers used
two search strategies to identify relevant studies. The first strategy was electronic databases Web of
Science (WOS) and PsycArticles with the following search terms: "bereave OR mourning OR grief
OR survivor OR widow" AND "psychotherapy OR therapy OR intervention OR treatment OR
managing OR counselling OR support OR help". The second strategy was searching qualified
studies through the reference lists of large–scale review articles about the ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The main gender of the study was female (70%) and the mean age of participants was 41 years
(range from 20 to 57 years). The study of preventive intervention mostly focused on high–risk
groups like losing spouse or suicide survivors, while no difference of mode of death in the treatment
intervention study. Regarding the intervention type, nine studies were the examination of preventive
grief intervention and five studies were the examination of treatment grief intervention. Within the
nine preventive interventions, three studies showed moderately positive results and two of them
were cognitive–behavioral oriented preventive intervention. As for the five treatment interventions,
four studies displayed positive results and all of them used cognitive–behavioral techniques. Eight
studies used group format, while the remaining six studies provided the individual therapy sessions.
The amount of sessions had differed greatly from one to twelve sessions in preventive interventions
and ten to sixteen sessions in treatment interventions. Except two preventive intervention studies, all
other studies had provided assessment at post–test. Five studies lacked the follow–up measurement.
Considerable variability was found both in the study completion rate (65% to 95%) and sample size
(42 to 267 participants). According to the results of meta–analysis on prevention of CG, no
significant effect was found at post–test (p=1) and at follow–up (p=0.23). Even combining the data
of

Essay on acting on the national physical activity guidelines
Acting on the National Physical Activity Guidelines
Introduction
The purpose of this study was to identify if presenting a sedentary individual with the Australian
governments National Physical Activity Guidelines (NPAG) would improve their overall physical
activity. There was a structured interview which was conducted at 2 week intervals. The interview
assessed the subject current physical activity levels and their willingness to be able to incorporate
physical activity into there daily lives while following the guidelines suggested. The NPAG
guidelines were presented before each interview and explained to the subject. Additional surveys
were conducted to evaluate the subject's anxiety levels and self–efficacy. Throughout the study we
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
After the 14 day period, the second structured interview was administered (see appendix). The
subject was asked to be as honest as possible and not try and respond to this survey by memory. The
self–efficacy and proactive attitude surveys were also re–administered.
After collaboration of the results, it became increasingly evident that the subject did not adhere to
the guidelines and had no hope in changing her behavior. Based on these findings a third
questionnaire was conducted. This Social Physique Anxiety Questionnaire was administered, again
over the phone. The survey was conducted to see if self–esteem, body image and social pressures
were a factor for her none compliance.
Results
The physical activity guidelines chosen by the subject were:
1) Think of movement as an opportunity, not an inconvenience
2) Be active every day in as many ways as you can
3) Put together at least 30 minutes of moderate–intensity physical activity on most, preferably all,
days.
The following tables present the data obtained from the 2 structured interviews.
Table 1: Total Time Spent in Inactive Recreation
Total hours Mon–Fri

Survey 1 Total hours
Mon–Fri
Survey 2 Total hours
Sat & Sun
Survey 1

Incredible Led Lights Research Paper
These Litake Submersible LED Lights are a much–needed accessory for your next outdoor party.
When you're decorating, it's easy to miss lighting as part of your scheme. Yet, lighting can be an
incredible asset to really take your décor to the next level. We absolutely adore lights for all kinds of
occasions and even for times when it's just a few close friends in the backyard.
Features of the Litake Submersible LED Lights
Multiple colors
Ten LED beads
Four dynamic lighting modes
Remote control
Waterproof
Battery powered
Multiple Colors
Each of the lighted discs has the ability to show off a variety of colors. It's an RGB light that allows
for various combinations. Any color from red to green to yellow to purple is available with this
lights. It doesn't matter what the color theme is of your party, you can delight in the same matching
lights with these discs. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
There really isn't a color that you won't find with these discs. You can always change them to white,
too. That gives you the choice of patriotic colors for your next 4th of July party. Red, white, and
blue is easy with these discs. Especially because it's a pack of four discs. You can easily add the
colors directly to a body of water in a backyard. Imagine your hot tub illuminated with all the colors
of the flag.
This is great for other events like graduations and birthday parties, too. You'll be able to choose a
color based on the theme of the party itself. Whether these discs are added to the pool, fountain, hot
tub, or garden pond, it'll provide such cool lighting in your space.
Dynamic Lighting

Vygotsky’s Zone of Proximal Development & Self Efficacy &...
In Vygotsky's concept, zone of proximal development he explains that it is the distance between a
child's developmental level, which is determined by independent problem solving and the level of
potential development as determined through problem solving under adult guidance (Vygotsky,
1978, p174). This concept is highly used in education and in classrooms. For example, I work with a
student who is eighteen years of age and has intellectual disabilities. During our morning routine he
enjoys working on puzzles. He has a difficult time putting the puzzle together so I help him with
clues and or prompt him to the puzzle piece that fits. He moves onto a new puzzle once I no longer
have to give him clues or prompts. As I have tracked his progress he has needed less prompt than he
did three months ago. The goal of this concept is that, as an adult collaborates with a child to help
them move from where they are to where they should be with help by accomplishing the exercise
through prompts, clues, modeling, and etc. Bandura has studied self–efficacy, which is the extent or
strength of one's belief in one's own ability to complete tasks and reach goals. Self–efficacy can
affect all types of behaviors like academics, social and recreational. A child might have the ability to
accomplish a task, but if they do not feel like they are capable of doing so, then they may fail or may
not attempt the task. For example, in a study difficult math problems were given to children with

Math Anxiety and Efficacy Scores
Students often struggle with the learning of math concepts; a love–hate relationship has existed for
decades between math and students as they know they need to understand and have a sound
foundation of math skills, yet, they toil to reach a proficiency level and fall short of their goal. This
lack of confidence and anxiety in learning math concepts has created a lack of self–efficacy among
math learners, which fosters a reduction in a desire to learn and use math skills. As education
changes at an increasingly rapid speed not seen before, educators must bring to their students cutting
edge best practices and technology to reach learning goals and build interest in needed math areas.
Deficits in math proficiency are a matter of national concern (Beal, Walles, Arroyo, & Woolf, 2007).
Students are struggling to pass statewide subject–area tests, reach suitable ACT scores, and/or enter
college without enrolling in remediation classes in math. According to the American Institutes for
Research, American students score well below comparable students in other countries (Phillips,
2009). Deficiencies in math scores tend to slip as students progress from one grade to the next. This
chain of events creates students who select non–based math studies as they enter high school and
college which can create real voids in our work force.
Math anxiety hinders students' mathematics learning, thinking positive about math, and feeling
calm. This fear causes low self–esteem,

Lord Of The Flies Symbolism Analysis
Lord of the Flies, a novel by William Golding, is about a group of young boys that get stranded on
an island with nothing but the clothes on their backs. They are left to survive on their own, and
chaos naturally ensues. Throughout the book, Golding presents objects that have hidden meanings
that can become apparent if the reader only looks deeper. In Lord of the Flies, the fire and Piggy's
specs symbolize how pure emotions can and will be corrupted by human nature.
The fire the boys strived to maintain throughout the book represents their hope for rescue and the
unity they require. Once Ralph is elected as leader, the first thing he does is think of rescue. He
planned a fire to be made so if any ships sailed by, they would see the smoke. Their hope and blind
faith in rescue relies on the smoke from this fire, but the fire also relies on them. They have to work
as a team to keep the fire burning at all times. "Even the smallest boys, unless fruit claimed them,
brought little pieces of wood and threw them in" (41). The hope and unity the boys display at the
beginning of the book is represented by their precious fire on top of the rock.
Piggy's specs symbolize the logic and rationality that, however hard to hold on to, is desperately
needed by the boys. Being stranded on an island is a stressful and terrifying situation. Rational
thinking is one of the most important things in this type of situation, yet the voice of panic usually
drowns it out. Glasses, however stereotypical,

The Problem Of Teen Pregnancy Rates
Introduction to Nature and Scope of Research
In reviewing the literature of multiple studies and reports, I found that there is significantly more
data and research in regards to the problem of teen pregnancy and the associated problems that are
attributed to adolescent childbearing than there are specific to the effectiveness and efficacy of
second chance homes. Second chance homes help teen mothers and their children comply with
welfare reform requirements under the 1996 law (Housing and Urban Development, 2016). Second
chance homes can also support teen families who are homeless or currently residing in foster care
(Housing and Urban Development, 2016). In addition, research has shown that over 60% of teen
parents have experienced sexual and physical abuse by household member requiring the need for
alternative housing options (Housing and Urban Development, 2016). Assessment of Effectiveness
of Current Policy and Limitations of existing Research
I would find it hard to say that the second chance home policy is effective simply based on the
currently decreasing teen pregnancy rates. Since PRWORA was enacted in 1996, there have been
several major policy changes that could also be affecting the decrease in teen pregnancy. Two
examples would be the U.S. Supreme Court ruling to extend the constitutional right to privacy to a
minor 's decision to obtain contraceptives and the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of
2010 which gave all insured minors access to free

Self Defense Training And Traditional Martial Arts Essay
Title
Self–Defense Training and Traditional Martial Arts: Influences on Self–Efficacy and Fear Related to
Sexual Victimization
Authors
Kimberly Ball, Instructor at Oakland Community College
Jeffrey Martin, Professor at Wayne State University
Hypothesis
"The purpose of this study was to examine if traditional martial arts (TMA) and modern self–
defense training (MSDT), relative to a stress–management comparison program, were equally
effective in altering both multidimensional self–efficacy and fear in relation to sexual victimization"
(Ball and Martin, 2011, p. 1). Do these type of actions reflect on one's self–esteem and stress levels?
Do they also help out during any type of sexual confrontation? These are the rhetorical questions are
trying to be answered in this research experiment.
Method
Many people have experienced a type of sexual assault, whether it is rape or being inappropriately
touched in private places. Most of these people are the women in our society. Many times when
these incidents happen, women look for different ways to protect themselves from the sexual
assaults and eventually look to prevent those incidents from ever happening again. Some women
look for different self–defense training programs in their modern day lives and some look to a more
physical protection program, such as martial arts. There hasn't been any recent studies that have
compared the two programs together to see which one is actually effective in those sexual assault
incidents. Bell and

Saving Electricity
Saving Electricity – LED Technology in Lighting Equipment
Raviteja Rudrapaka
Fairleigh Dickinson University
Author note
This paper was prepared for EPS_5109_8O thought by Professor Kang –Suh.
Abstract
Electricity is one of the greatest inventions of human which makes an impactful change in
technology. Electricity is essential component to modern technology. Many countries across globe
are facing shortage of electricity during peak times. Still in some countries many people living their
lives in dark. It's better to reduce the consumption of electricity rather than producing with
expensive methods. To reduce consumption of electricity, LED technology is one of the effective
and globally accepted technologies. The major consumption of electricity is due to lighting
equipment, LED technology in lighting system can reduce the consumption of electricity. LED
technology in lighting system can gives the great efficiency with lower power consumption.
Outline
Introduction
Electricity is essential component to modern technology. The major consumption of electricity is
due to lighting equipment, LED technology in lighting system can reduce the consumption of
electricity. LED technology in lighting system can gives the great efficiency with lower power
consumption.
LED technology in lighting system is globally accepted LED technology in lighting system is
globally accepted because it gives more efficiency than other technologies like standard

The Importance Of A Classroom Management Plan
A classroom management plan is the key to get productive results and keep all the students involved
focused and on the right track for the year. More importantly, a classroom management plan is the
agenda set to determine what everyone 's responsibility is and how, when and where to do it. A
teacher needs to show that she is in full control and feel confident about the content she will be
teaching to keep all students engaged. It can certainly be a very challenging task for a teacher to
keep in control a class of 20 children that have very different behaviors, let alone a child with a
disruptive personality. While concentration is essential when trying to teach a class, there will
possibly be one child who will disrupt the class by ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Such rules need to be followed thru consistently. In addition, to decrease this type of behavior, the
teacher must approach Joey to mitigate the situation at hand. Given the opportunity, Joey should
explain the reasons why this is occurring and advise him of an alternative way to make progress on
his behavior. In other words, if the student is not following directions, there will be consequences.
To demonstrate an example, the teacher takes the class to the library and requests the children to
speak quietly and they do otherwise, the teacher will remove them from the library and announce to
them that there will be no recess for the day. The consequence would be that there will be no recess
and the future behavior would be to walk silently through the library. This sometimes may not work
on all students. Prevention strategies are essential to build a students morale, desire to learn and
behave in the classroom. An established intervention plan can effectively change a child's behavior.
Being positive or negative, precaution must be taken on how to approach this kind of student to get
a positive reaction. That is to say, that if a teacher asks a question and the child responds by yelling
out the answer the reaction would be for most to verbally reprimand the student but sometimes this
may not correct way. There may be other reasons for the attention seeking behavior. Implementing
positive behavior such as a praise, a pat on the back

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