Eyewitness Testimony And Its Effect On The Credibility Of...

Eyewitness Testimony And Its Effect On The Credibility Of...
Eyewitness testimony is a hot button issue in not only the criminal justice field but also the
psychology field as well. It continues to be argued that this type of "evidence" is far too unreliable
for the court room and can ultimately end up punishing the wrong person for a crime they did not
commit. The influence of an eyewitness testimony cannot be denied as research has showed that,
"adding a single prosecution eyewitness to a murder trial summary increased the percentage of
mock jurors' guilty verdicts from 18 to 72" (Leippe, Manion, & Romanczyk, p. 182, 1992). In the
article discussed here, researchers will look into various age groups to see if age has an effect on the
credibility of eyewitness testimonies while attempting to discern what certain cues build upon such
credibility.
Despite such criticism the effect of an eyewitness testimony is still obviously powerful which makes
this issue that much more controversial. That vast increase previously mentioned was based off of a
simple statement rather than an actual witness being present, which shows that a testimony does not
need to be confirmed visually or audibly to be trusted. Although, the witness involved in said mock
trial was an adult, as adult memory is trusted to be more accurate than that of a child's. Children
have been said to be too suggestible and their memories too inferior to be fully trusted (Leippe et al.,
p. 182, 1992). To test this out researchers in the article, "Eyewitness Persuasion: How and
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

The Impact Of Margaret Thatcher's Social And Economic...
Source A could be considered to have great value to a historian studying the impact of Margaret
Thatcher's Social and Economic policies, as it comes from a speech that Margaret Thatcher made
herself 5 years into her premiership. This lends the source some value, as it comes from Thatcher's
own point of view, and therefore could be considered to be very valuable to a historian studying the
impact of Thatcher's policies as no one would know more about how she arrived at her decisions
and what her intentions were than Thatcher herself. It could however be argued that the fact this
source comes from Thatcher herself is in fact a detriment to its value, as she will be more likely to
defend herself and her actions rather than speaking honestly about ... Show more content on
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However, this source could also be considered of little value as it is unlikely Margaret Thatcher
would criticise herself, there is very little mention of the impact her policies have had, and the
speech coming from 1984 means that there is very little scope for any information about the long–
term impact of her policies to make it into the source. Source B has a similar set of advantages and
disadvantages to a historian studying the impact of Thatcher's social and economic problems, as,
while it does focus on the effects that her policies had at the time, it still was not created at a time
when it could offer insight at the long term impacts of her policies, comes from a speech from an
opposition party leader, and so is therefore likely to focus on the negatives, and again contains very
little statistical evidence to support its

What Is Gandhi's Critique Of Modern Civilization
Highlight and assess Gandhi's critique of "modern civilization" and relate it to the debate about the
nature and practice of development that surfaced with Gandhi's 1945 exchange with Nehru [in
Sudhir Chandra's essay] and continue into the post–independence era is with us today.
"Through the 'successor' ... Gandhi was pitted against a whole discourse which the 'successor' and
virtually the whole country considered as the only rational mode of ordering life, be it individual or
collective" (Chandra 44).
In every argument at least two people are involved. However, in many significant controversies or,
even more so, in contestations of well accepted norms, the real debate rages not simply between two
rational ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
While Gandhi never precisely defines 'modern civilization', such a thing may indeed be impossible
as the discourse already, to some extent, defines us, he does offer an analogy to understand its
nature. As this kind of civilization exists in idealized forms in its literature and theories and realized
forms throughout Europe, America, and their colonies, he considers these its identity. From this, one
can infer its nature as one learns of a tiger. While, in theory, a tiger could change its character, this
question completely misses the point that the very nature of the tiger is at fault (Swaraj 27–28). The
preaching of modern civilization, as rhetoric, plus the real patterns of this kind of living comprise
the object of his criticism. This marks one of his first important differences from the discourse he
opposes. Where Gandhi considers the tiger in terms of its nature and as a pattern of behavior, the
technical rationality of the discourse he is arguing against considers a tiger as a particular collection
of biological specificities that may sometimes act in predictable ways, but is entirely mutable. While
this summary of Gandhi makes him sound more like Plato than is fair, his arguments tend to look
for deeper meanings where possible and permanent truths as opposed to the myopia of the discourse
he is criticizing. Similarly, Gandhi claims that "only men with mature thoughts are capable of ruling
themselves" (Swaraj 16), whereas modern civilization boasts

Julius Caesar As A Source Criticism
In this essay I will be describing, discussing and evaluating my chosen source. I will be using the
references that I have chosen, in order to present a clear and concise source criticism, coming to a
well rounded conclusion at the end.
The source is taken from the book 'Commentarii de Bello Gallico', which was written and edited by
Aulus Hiritus and Julius Caesar and was published around 58 – 49 BC, sometime after Julius
Caesars death. It is a secondary source which describes Julius Caesar's first–hand account of the
nine–year period that he spent fighting the Celtic and Germanic people in Gaul. The book was
written in order to inform the Roman people of the Gallic Wars from a source that they trusted,
however it is biased meaning that Caesar may have had particular motives for writing it thus
meaning that the content may also be influenced by Caesars motives. Caesars chronology of
'Commentarii de Bello Gallico' allows for him to react to the shifts in Rome's political climate
(Timothy, R. Kimbrough, 2014, p. 3), which means that the source I have chosen to critique was
written to suit Caesars immediate needs (G. Woolf, 2011, p.54), suggesting that the portrayal of joy
that Caesar has been bestowed with could be exaggerated in order to fit the political climate in
Rome, allowing him to maintain his position within the Senate and with the Roman population. The
book contains information on the Gallic Wars and its purpose is to persuade the Roman people that
Caesars appointment in Gaul and his actions during the Wars occurred in order to benefit the Roman
state and the Roman people, regardless of the legality with which they were brought about
(Timothy. R. Kimbrough, 2014, p.8).
However, the source also suggests that Caesar was popular and was a worthy figure head for the
Roman Empire because he was prepared to face the unknown (H. Schadee, 2008, p.170), presenting
the his readers that he was then welcomed by the towns and their people connotes that he was
expressing his influence and power outside of Rome. The meaning of this source is that Caesar is
attempting to exert his reputation and power over the Senate by recounting his actions during the
Wars as for the benefit of the Roman empire, to the

The World Of International Studies
Research Narrative In the world of international studies there are many bias parties and individuals
as there are drastically differing viewpoints regarding hot topic issues in the field. This makes for an
exciting endeavor when conducting research on topics such as Private Military Companies as all
different types of political personalities arise when such subjects are debated over. This
characteristics of the international relations area of study also becomes apparent when authors of
scholarly journals and public websites debate over fundamental issues of the aforementioned
subject, such as the different rules for engagement and fighting overseas. When hunting for sources
for this project, I found that the community of experts commonly ... Show more content on
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Christopher Kinsey wrote an incredibly informative article on the fundamentals of Private Military
and even touches on a few closely related issues, for example, nuclear regulation was diccues twice
through the article. Georgia Southern 's library website contain some very usful links and even some
videos on techniques regarding how to add diversity in a research paper. One such tip was to find
two different articles with completely opposite viewpoints and I believe the tactic to be very useful.
Another type of strategy that one can implement when conducting research is to find an expert in
the field and discusses their stance on the topic, it is almost like them verbally writing you an
entirely different source with a refreshing perspective. One such expert is Dr. Lubecki. He was more
than willing when asked to be interviewed for this project. He explained that regarding private
militaries, they could start another major war, he used China as one excellent example, so it is better
to limit their use until they are fully regulated. The idea was one that never appeared in any of the
research for this project. The Power to Construct International Security was a shorter academic
article that was of different origin than the other, this idea was suggested on the library website and
has served as a great tool for finding an array of articles. The last source is one from a famous and
reputable newspaper. I thought

Hum/186 Social Media Paper
Social Media Paper
Cynthia Wise
HUM/186
August 27, 2017
ALLYSON WELLS
Social Media Paper
Today, it is very easy to obtain information of any kind. Thanks to the convergence and
development of technology. "The Internet", which today is one of the easiest ways to obtain quick
information without allot of effort. There are millions of people from around the world that use the
Internet as a tool to communicate, search, and find information on about any topic imaginable.
(Aynur, Nejat, 2015). In this Essay on Social Media, we will be discussing the advantages and
disadvantages of easily obtainable information, the advantages and disadvantages of social media,
and importantly how knowing of these things can alter how a person might use social media, as well
as the credibility issues that arise from the information on the Internet.
The advantages and disadvantages of easily obtainable information, is convenience. By having
newer communication technologies like social media, it has become the everyday norm to obtain
information on social media instantaneously. Which is one advantage, everyone is into convenience,
fast, like yesterday, (myself included), obtainable information is just that "convenient". Everything
is right at your fingertips, for example, an individual can be in one place and catch the latest news
headline or editorial, while at the same time listening to their favorite tunes, view that video and
share it all at the same time. An awesome multitasking advantages. Back in the day, the news would
be read in a newspaper or viewed on your television, on the radio, or in the car on the way to work
Listening to your favorite song would also be played either on your Walkman, in the car, or at home.
Another advantage is the easily obtained information we receive off social media, it has become an
expectancy more than an advantage, it's known as the all information quick source, that includes
information about serious topics, like circulating up–to–date minute information about cholera
outbreaks in Haiti, identifying clearer water resources during the outbreak, (Fox 2011), Health
professionals and health organizations are also seeing the advantages of adopting social media
because of its seen as an

A Good Man Is Hard To Find
Annotated Bibliography
Working Thesis: In "A Good Man is Hard to Find", O'Connor uses the corrupt, manipulative
character of the grandmother, as well as the story's plot and theme in order to emphasize the flaws of
the church and the need for grace.
Fitzgerald, Sally. "On Faith." Letters of Flannery O' Connor, The Habit of Being, edited by Sally
Fitzgerald, Macmillan, 1988, page 90.
In this print source, O'Connor explains how her Catholic faith influences her writing in a positive
manner. She also explains her views on the importance of the church, as well as its positive and
negative actions and consequences. She claims that one must cherish the world while they struggle
to endure it. Sally Fitzgerald studied briefly at Stevens ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
"A Good Man is Hard to Find." Short Stories for Students, vol. 2, Gale, 1997, pp. 97–114.
This article from the SCC database explains that O'Connor sought to present a message of God's
grace and presence in everyday life. It then provides a basic summary of "A Good Man is Hard to
Find". The article continues, going into an in–depth characterization of the grandmother and how
she ultimately dies having transcended into grace. The article's author and editor, Kathleen Wilson,
is a professor of history and cultural studies at the State University of New York at Stony Brook.
She was educated at Yale University and has been awarded fellowships from a number of
foundations. Even though the article was published in 1997, it still holds up, as it is analyzing a
story that has already been written and will not change. There is no evidence of bias, as it is a simple
analysis and summary. This source came from Short Stories for Students, which was published by
Gale Publishing. Gale Publishing is reliable and unbiased, as they are an educational publishing
company that has been publishing works since 1954. There are a few cited sources for this
secondary source, one of which is biased. The biased source is a New York Times Book Review,
which is biased in favor of the story, "A Good Man is Hard to Find". This source will be useful in
describing the grandmother's character and analyzing her connection to spirituality in the first body
paragraph. It also helps to connect

Essay about Criticisms of Battered Woman Syndrome
The Battered Woman Syndrome (BWM) is a syndrome whereas women react in a certain manner
because of repetitively physical or psychological abused imposed on them by their mates. The
Battered Woman Syndrome (BMW) is not limited in one area or location it is a problem that is
occurring all over in the world (2009, pg. 148). Like every other issue in the world criticism come
into play by psychologists and others when someone claims that they are victims of the Battered
Woman Syndrome or the Battered Woman Defense when they are taken to trial for killing their
batterers (BMW) (2009, pgs. 162–163). One criticism in particularly relates to whether or not if
there some legitimacy to a victim claim as a battered woman and also was it ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
The defense lawyer feels that the reaction of the battered woman after the death of her batterer is
very important, so they call the officer to the stand to ask him questions about this particular time
(2009, pg. 163). Two important and well thought of forms of criticisms can come along with the
battered woman syndrome, one form is that women are categorized by others as being sensitive,
powerless and submissive when she is living with a batterer. Another form is that sometimes there
are deficiencies with the appropriate hypothetical and background information which make it
difficult to use in court (2009, pg. 178). There have been times whereas lawyers and judges have
misconstrued the use of the battered woman syndrome and the fact that women claim that they were
only defending themselves. These lawyers and judges thinks that the battered woman defense is
used by experts only to clarify why the action of women as a battered woman. When battered
women claim self–defense after killing their batterers' some lawyers takes on the role of partiality
which produces inadequately defense for women. Denial by society is another problem that women
face as a battered woman or using the battered woman defense. Sometimes the reaction of a lawyer
and judge shows up in disbelief and awkwardness when they find out the defendant is alleging the
battered woman syndrome to help with her defense. (Dowd 1991, pgs. 11–12).
Conclusion
It is hard enough for woman to

Business Communication : Developing Leaders For A...
In a society where technology grows exponentially, the amount of information available is
practically endless. Whether one needs to know ingredients to a recipe, or cures to an illness, the
Internet has an answer. The simplicity of the Internet, however comes with a major drawback: the
quality of the data. In Peter Cardon's book Business Communication: Developing Leaders for a
Networked World, he explains that there are five main components that one should consider in
evaluating quality data: reliability, relevance, adaptability, expertise, and biases. The five data
sources I chose were the Wall Street Journal, CNN, Fox News, JSTOR, and Seth's blog. The
primary reason these sources attract me are for their political and economic information. My
primary source would be the Wall Street Journal. I read it for its economic and political issues. This
source has been proven to be reliable. The newspaper is the most circulated in the United States, and
the twelfth most popular globally. For the most part, any source that is recognized on a national and
global level is thought as being reliable. The newspaper is published six days a week, and therefore
"current."
I would also consider Fox News and CNN reliable sources. This again can be accredited to their
popularity. That does not mean that popularity equals reliability, but can often times be the case. The
reason that popularity and high ranking have a purpose here is due to the seriousness of the subject
matter. These news

Thriller's Credibility
Friedrich Nietzsche once said," All credibility, all good conscience, all evidence of the truth come
only from the senses". Newscasters today tend to be seen as a credible source for learning about
what is happening in the world. When a person hears of a terrorist attack or some other news, they
immediately look it up on their phones through news stations such as CNN and Fox. One thing that
is never brought up is how these newscasters, or anyone for that matter gains credibility.
Professionals need to have credibility to be successful in their careers, what methods are used and
how they attain that credibility varies. Different people are more credible than others in different
areas. It is who you are that will determine what those areas are. ... Show more content on
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I decided who had the most to least credibility according to my past experiences with these
professions. Media portrayals also had a significant influence on my rankings. Due to my use of past
experiences, my personal feelings definitely had an impact on my decision of where to place them. I
want to be a doctor and my mom also happens to be in the medical field, which influenced my
decision to put surgeon as the most credible profession on the list. Also, my family is made up of car
enthusiasts always talking about shady salesman and people trying to rip them off. This influence
has made me distrust people in this profession and is why I put it last on the list. We may like to
believe that what we think is how things actually are when it comes to credibility and
trustworthiness of a profession or person, but the truth is we all have different biases that cause us to
see things and people differently than everyone

Human Activities Effects On The Oceans And Its Ecosystem...
Mid–term Project: Ocean Activities Humans are killing the oceans, or are they? There are many
opposing viewpoints to the controversial topic of human activities effects on the oceans and its
ecosystem being displayed on social media. According to Louise Gerdes the author of Endangered
Oceans: Opposing Viewpoints It is not difficult to find different opinions (9). There are many
different outputs of media that have different points of view and it can be extraordinarily difficult in
deciding which opinion to agree with and which experts seem the most credible (9). With so many
concepts, various articles, and so much research out there it is hard to get a strong informed opinion
about how human activity is or is not effecting the ocean and its ecosystem. Endangered Oceans:
Opposing Viewpoints; goal is to help the average reader form an educated opinion or to help
strengthen the opinion of the average reader by supplying opposing views in articles about the topic
written by credible people. According to Louise Gerdes all of the articles used in Endangered
Oceans: Opposing Viewpoints have credible authors. Two of the articles that stand out are "Human
Activities Threaten the World's Oceans and Coastal Regions" by Anne Platt McGinn who is a senior
researcher for the World watch Institute (19) and the article "Human Efforts Are Improving the
Condition of the World's Oceans and Coastal Regions" by Frank E. Loy who is under–secretary for
Global Affairs, U.S. Department of state (28).

William F. Buckley's Why DonT We Complain?
Why Don't We Complain Essay?
In "Why Don't We Complain?", William F. Buckley, Jr. addresses how Americans are having the
tendency to sit back and accept what comes, to purely endure what happens to them. I think that
Buckley's ideas on passive compliance and heedless insurance are precise and effective.
Passive compliance refers to sitting through the problem without stepping up to correct and in this
essay, Buckley reflects on his own experiences throughout the essay with complaints about society,
and basically, says that everyone must complain to achieve what they want in life. That they need to
speak up.
Buckley, in the last line of a long paragraph 5, paragraph 6, paragraph 8, describes his experience in
a movie theater where the movie was out of focus and everyone sat through it anyway; in which
they were most likely waiting for someone else to complain. "The picture is out of focus" "The
movie ended, as it had begun, just out of focus, and as we trooped out, we stretched our faces in a
variety of contortions to accustom the eye to the shock of normal focus'" (Buckley Jr, 1960 p372)
He describes the movie saying that Buckley also explains on, heedless endurance which also relates
to sitting through a problem without voicing one's opinion. A heedless endurance means that people
are not voicing their opinions at all or enough. But after the line, "That tendency to passive
compliance, to a heedless endurance is something to keep one's eyes on– in sharp focus." (Buckley

What Are Source, Form, And Redaction Criticism?
WEEK 2 TEXTBOOK QUESTIONS
Pg. 110
1.) What are source, form, and redaction criticism?
Source, form, and redaction criticism are scientific methods used in interpreting the texts of the
Bible. They are methodological steps on a path to seeking the origin and provenance of the Biblical
texts from about 1900 to 1975 ().
2.) How does each method work?
Form criticism puts its focus on the period of oral tradition and sees the Bible as a collection of
traditional stories and sayings which were spread from word of mouth and eventually preserved in
writing. Source criticism is the quest for the earliest sources which lie behind a given biblical text.
Redaction criticism is a study of the collection, orchestration, editing, and modification of Biblical
sources, often used to recreate the community and purposes of the authors at that time.
3.) From an evangelical perspective, what are the strengths and weaknesses of each?
Scholars use form criticism to deny Scripture and the form–critics have a bias against
supernaturalism and believe that the miracles of Jesus were created. The German scholar Rudolf
Bultmann believed that the Bible needed to be stripped of its miraculous accounts, and be
"demythologized" in order to be accepted by modern society.
A strength of form criticism that I see is the amount of proven accuracy that the Jewish scribes put
in to writing their texts. The Old Testament text and the Dead Sea Scrolls were practically identical
even though they were

The Importance Of Critical Reading
According to (Critical literacy practices, 2011) "critical reading" is a type of literacy practice that is
learning practice in which students analyze and critique language and power relationships within
written texts. Many college freshmen are not prepared for critical reading, yet a lot of higher
education organizations and levels do not require individual critical reading courses. Even though
critical reading is an often–cited neutral topic in some different colleges structured reading courses.
In many different colleges, at times, there is little to no research that exists that may also describe
how composition instructors teach critical reading strategies. No matter the subject or the age of the
reader. An overall reading goal for critical readers includes reading an article to comprehend
information based on what was stated within the text. While readers read to gain understanding from
the text, the readers also use additional information at times such as factual ideas, prior knowledge,
and also context clues to understand the difficult text. There are many ways to become a "critical
reader" which includes different types of reading strategies.
There are a few different reading strategies that can help a person become a critical reader. A
reading strategy that could lead upcoming undergraduate students to become critical readers is a
strategy that is called "Crap Analysis". There are more strategies used to become a critical reader
that includes increasing

Credibility Judgement Of Information
Credibility judgment of information largely rests upon three elements of communication: source,
message, and medium (Metzger, Flanagin, Eyal, Lemus, & McCann, 2003). Source credibility refers
to the degree to which individuals perceive an information source as reliable. A source of
information may be a person, a group, or an organization, each of which has its own characteristics
that may affect credibility perception such as ability (expertise) and motivation (trustworthiness) to
provide accurate and trustful information (Tormala & Petty, 2004). Message credibility is an
evaluation of characteristics of the message communicated such as informational quality, accuracy,
currency and language intensity, which create believability (Metzger et

Natural Born Killers Analysis
The film "Natural Born Killers", analyzes author John Grisham's main argument regards that of the
astronomical role of the film in the deaths of Bill Savage and Patsy Byers due to it's use of glorified
violence. The author uses information regarding the case such as the outstanding personalities of the
victims, the troubled childhood of the perpetrators, and the effect that the movie natural born killers
had on them, as well as Oliver Stone's apparent lack of interest regarding the case. The author
Grisham in his opinion piece " unnatural killers" asserts that Oliver Stone's film should be held
accountable for the murder of the two victims Bill Savage and Patsy Byers. The author uses a
journalistic style with direct evidence from the case in order to aid his arguments and points. The
author's purpose is to give a detailed description of the case in order to try to get the audience on his
side. The primary audience are people who feel that the media is corrupt and is detrimental to
society particularly to the youth. The author establishes a tone that appears to be objective, but it is
clear even from the beginning that it is biased in nature. To explain, Grisham is eloquent in utilizing
facts and statistics accompanied by his expertise and personal anecdotal experiences in order to
paint an idealized picture of Savage and Byers, rather than delving straight into his focal point.
Grisham spends an entire page offering a vivid description of Patsy and her death. Finally, he

Whistleblower Ethical Dilemmas
1.0 Introduction
According to (Williams, 2015), a moral dilemma is a conflict in which a person have to choose
between two or more actions and have moral reasons for choosing each action. A whistleblower can
be anyone who has and can report insider knowledge of illegal activities that are happening in an
organization. Therefore we can also say that whistleblowers can be supplier, client, contractor or an
employee who somehow becomes aware of illegal activities that are happening in a business either
through being told about it or witnessing the behavior. The alleged information of wrongdoing can
be grouped in many ways, law, regulation, violation of company policy/rules, fraud, corruption as
well as threat to public interest/national security (Vandekerckhove, 2006).
2.0 Types of Whistleblowers in School and in the Work Place
2.1 Internal Whistleblower
In most cases whistleblowers are internal whistleblowers, which report on misconduct that happen
within the company done by fellow employee or superior. Interesting questions with respect to
internal whistleblowers is, under what circumstances a person will act on to spot and to stop illegal,
unacceptable behavior and report it. If there are complaint systems within the organization that offer
not just option to dedicated through plan and control organization but option for absolute
confidentiality then people will find a reason to take action with respect to unacceptable behavior
within an organization (Rowe and Hall,

The Historical-Critical Method Of Source Criticism: The...
After studying the notes by A.Mbuvi and readings from Tate, handbook, I began to carefully
investigate the historical–critical method "Source Criticism". Notable, Source Criticism is use to
interpret literature such as the Old Testament. The book of Genesis is identified as a repetition or
multiple versions of the same story. Source Criticism helps me when I am preparing for a projects or
a report for a particular class or a seminar. I will search different articles, textbook, Wikipedia, and
newspapers to figure out what idea the biblical authors drew on in interpreting certain passages.
There was one particular passage that caught my attention that explained the repetition function in
strategic way. Genesis 6:8–9 says, "But Noah found favor

Gender And Sexuality As A Category For Historical Analysis
For years, many scholars have provided many discussions over the topic of gender and sexuality.
However, one needs to ask themselves: Are these two topics, gender and sexuality, useful as a
category for historical analysis? The articles written by both Joan W. Scott and Afsaneh Najmabadi,
answer such a question. By critically examining and assessing their two article, can the usefulness
of gender and sexuality as a category for historical analysis be proven.
In "Gender: A Useful Category of Historical Analysis," Joan W. Scott provides many angles to
explore the relevancy of gender. The first thing that needs to be examined is her argument. The main
argument that Joan W. Scott is trying to make is how beneficial to history using gender as a category
for analysis would turn out. Another factor that needs to be made in assessing her article is how she
presents her argument and findings. Scott formats her article with a beginning, middle, and end. She
begins by defining "gender," and how that term has been used in general. She goes on to describe
some of the theories that have analyzed gender. The next part that she explains is how, of late,
politics has been coincided with the analysis of gender. Finally, she ends her paper by providing her
bottom–line opinion about the analysis and approach of gender.
Now with the structure of her paper in mind, the next important assessment is in the sources she
uses. The sources that Joan Scott utilizes in her argument are mostly

Speech On Freedom Of Speech
Paying attention to public discourse, one can see this happen many times. Someone says and or in
some other way expresses something objectionable or controversial, which draws a significant
amount criticism toward them. Then they or someone defending them will cry freedom of speech, in
a bid to defend it. And this is a bad thing for the culture of our public discourse.
Now before anyone makes the mistake of misunderstanding this, I am not attacking freedom of
speech, I am criticizing people who draw up claims of free speech, where it is irrelevant to the
matters at hand, and use such claims as a way of trying to deflect criticism. Because those types of
misused claims can harm and erode the public discourse.
It is important to understand when a claim of free speech is relevant to a discussion is relevant and
when it is not. It is relevant when freedom of speech is in contest, and if it isn't then it's not relevant.
If the government was trying to legally ban protected speech, or trying to punish someone merely
for speaking, or if someone was harassing someone personally, or using violence, or other
unwarranted actions to silence someone or punish them for speaking, then claims of free speech are
relevant. But if that isn't happening, if people are merely criticizing what someone said or otherwise
expressed, and treating them in manners fitting to accountability in public discourse, then claims of
freedom of speech are not relevant.
Yet you will find people who in those instances of public discourse, where people will cry free
speech, where there is no evidence that anyone ever challenged that they or the person they are
defending had the liberty to say or express what they did, and try to use free speech as if that alone
justifies it and can deflect criticism. Just because someone has the liberty to say or express
something, does not mean that what they said or expressed was justified in itself. Criticizing what
someone else says is not an attack on freedom of speech. Saying that what someone said was wrong,
or that they shouldn't have said it, or trying to convince them that they should cease doing it, is not
attack on freedom of speech. Because there is a difference between whether someone can say

Essay On Website Credibility
Credibility has become an expanding issue in our modern life; many people fake different stories
about random stuff in order to get financial benefits not caring about the harms of these lies on the
community in general. People, especially students, have the passion to look up information about
our world from political issues, economics, disasters and many more things. Students are also
required to do many researches during their educational journey. We look up information using
internet and searching engines; for this reason, we should be careful about what we are reading, and
if what had been written is credible or not. There are many criteria that we can use to determine if
the website is credible or not. The first and the most important ... Show more content on
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The ".org" is suspected not to be credible since those websites are related to organizations which are
often biased. The ".com" websites are not always trusted website since they are financial sites, and
anybody can create one. The third criterion is the evidence like statistics, interviews with specialized
people, quotes. Those evidences should be cited also in the article from its credible source. When I
put "Dr. Jack Cohen, a reproductive biologist" in the Google search engine, and "Michael Persinger,
neurologist and geologist" in another tab, many websites pop out. While taking a look on the
websites, many looked pretty credible to me. For example "http://oldwebsite.laurentian.ca" seems
very credible to me since this website is related to an educational property which is Laurentian
University. Also the author of the article, which was like a biography to Dr. M. Persinger, was the
Dr. himself. Another website that was credible is "www.drjackcohen.com"; this website gives a
complete description about Dr. Cohen, but the most important thing is that the author gave the
reader the chance to contact Dr. Cohen by phone, mail, fax, email. There are also some websites that
seem biased to me. For example, the website

The Last Critic That Will Be Evaluated
The last critic that will be evaluated is Margaret B. Wilkerson. During the time that her critical study
was composed, Margaret B. Wilkerson was the Director of the UC Berkeley Center for the Study,
Education, and Advancement of Women. Wilkerson critical analysis is titled A Raisin in the Sun:
Anniversary of an American Classic. Wilkerson's critical analysis discusses the "various social,
historical, and artistic factors that have contributed to the play's contemporary relevance and
popularity, with particular focus on script revisions." (Wilkerson 442) Wilkerson states that critics
claimed that plays about the Black experience were seen as unattractive and of temporary or limited
appeal to the theatre audiences. A Raisin in the Sun was different because the play was created at the
right time. Wilkerson stated, "The Play's phenomenal reception can be attributed, in part, to its
timeliness, for this dram reflects that moment in U.S. history when the country was poised on the
brink of cataclysmic social and legal upheavals that would forever change its character." (Wilkerson
442) Hansberry happen to respond to Langston Hughes poem "A Dream Deferred" by making a play
about the struggles and frustrations of a working–class Black family living in the South Side of
Chicago post World–War II. It is three generations of family members living under one roof. The
apartment is a two–bedroom apartment that is shared by five people so it is not only crowded but
unsanitary because of

Hitting the Wall: Nike and International Labor Practices
1) Which criticisms leveled against Nike do you consider to be "fair"? Explain.
Nike 's corporate practices are good indicators that the company is only interested in exploiting low
wages in third world countries. This is indicated by investing in these countries through worker
training or human resource investment but has continually shifted its operation to the country with a
lower wage.
Nike is in control of its subcontractors – They dictate the price of a shoe and the cost of operation
to its subcontractors forcing them to set high quotas for their workers and to pay low wages.
Based on the Ernst & Young report to do an "independent" inspection of Nike 's factories, Observers
found the following:
• 77% of the employees suffered ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Their cultural and governmental sovereignty can be threatened by multinational companies
imposing Western standards on their economies. Because this activity would likely also increase
their relative labor costs, these nations may also believe their competitive advantage in the global
economy would be reduced or eliminated, especially because they normally suffer from other
comparative disadvantages. For companies this approach would create significant risks of their
becoming less competitive on costs unless all competitors acted together or there were substantial
first–mover advantages.
Localized firms usually do not face such criticisms, since their competition is local and the supply
and demand market catered to by these companies is the same. Government intervention is usually
not likely unless there is blatant disregard of the working atmosphere or incompetence in production
operations.
4) Evaluate Phil Knight 's response to Nike 's criticism. What would you have done differently to
diffuse this criticism early on or to eliminate it completely?
Nike has attempted to respond to criticism by arguing that if alleged abuses actually did occur in
their factories, they were not a consequence of company policies which do not condone unfair,
illegal, or immoral behavior on the part of factory managers.
Nike 's response to the criticisms came in four stages;
• The first stage up to the early 1990s was one of avoidance. Nike disclaimed responsibility by

Reflective Essay : Reflective Introduction
Reflective Introduction
Transferring What I Know
Reflecting back on my experiences from my Writing 39C (and Writing 39B) class, I can
acknowledge the changes and evolution in myself as a writer. In my Week 1 Self–Assessment,
which was written at the beginning of the Writing 39C course in reflection to Writing 39B, I
mentioned that one of my central strategies in my writing process is focusing on the pre–writing.
My pre–writing process includes strategies such as brainstorming and outlining. I mentioned in the
self–assessment that I would "pick up the strategies I have learned and continue to use them in the
course of Writing 39C". With that, I carried the strategy of pre–writing over to Writing 39C
knowing that research papers would require a plenty amount of pre–writing. A method commonly
used in research papers that I have gained experience in from this course is creating annotated
bibliographies which I would consider a part of the pre–writing process. Annotated bibliographies
assisted me in my writing significantly by helping me feel better prepared and giving me
groundwork for starting my research paper.
One habit of mine that changed when it comes to researching involves finding appropriate sources.
In prior papers, before taking Writing 39C, I used sources I was uncertain were considered reliable
sources which hindered my credibility as a writer. Fortunately, through the workshop/lecture my
peers and I got to participate in, while we were in the process of writing

Evaluating Credibility And Its Impact On The Society Of...
Introduction
When a person reads a source for information the reader wants that information to be reliable so
they could trust the source meaning the reader needs their information source to be credible.
Credibility is important because everyone on the planet could write on a topic, but that does not
mean that what they wrote is true and should be believed in. People who write more often than not
have an agenda. To make the reader feel a certain way or to make them believe in what the author
told them too. Evaluating credibility means looking into the author and their agenda, the publisher
to see where the information comes from, evidence of bias, uses of sources to support their
information, verifiability to see if it still holds context, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Objective Summaries & Source Credibility Analysis
The article "Rehabilitate or punish?" written by Etienne Benson on apa.org–the website of the
American Psychological Association–provides insight on the topic of the concept of rehabilitating
prisoners especially the mentally ill or to continue following the "get tough on crime" method. The
article also factors in how psychology can better help even non–mentally ill prisoners to better be
able to transition into citizen life without re–imprisonment than go hard core on the prisoners to
prove a point. Rating the article while evaluating on a six–point scale. I gave the article a score of ().
In the category of author, I give the article a five since he has a proficient writing experience, but
not particularly in the field of psychology. He is a historian in the field of science, technology, and
the environment (). For the publisher, I give the score of six because the source is an educational
professional site in the field of psychology which is what the article is about. In the evidence of bias
category, I give the article a three. The author has a strong preference to giving the prisoners the
mental help they need instead of just punishing them. Going on to explain why he believes that
people should help them, but not really going into the other side of the argument. For the use of
sources, I give

Plagiarism Is More Effective Than Just Punishing Students
Later Draft
Scott Jaschik discusses various situations of plagiarism in college in his article, "Winning Hearts
and Minds in War on Plagiarism," in order to argue that there are more efficient solutions to prevent
plagiarism. Jaschik published this article in Inside Higher Ed, which is an online news source, that
he cofounded, targeting first year English and college writing instructors. In the article, he explores
different ways of preventing plagiarism and emphasizes the importance of academic integrity. By
drawing on different instructor perspectives, he employs various situations such as an online student
discussion board and an assignment to purposely plagiarize in order to highlight common issues
with why students plagiarize. Jaschik ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Although there still was some unintentional plagiarizing, the open–minded conversation between
Hagopian and her students was more beneficial and effective for the students because it taught them
the, "difference between deliberate fraud and failed apprenticeship" (Jaschik 262). This example
strengthens
Jaschik's idea by specifically illustrating how first year writing instructors being more open minded
towards plagiarism can be more beneficial for the students. Jaschik also describes another example
with Roy Stamper, an associate writing director, who followed an online student discussion board
where students discussed how they felt about plagiarizing which led
Stamper to discover that "there was also a strong, intense reaction from other students – much of it
critical" (263). Jaschik uses this to illustrate how "his lurking online raised many questions" and
whether, "an intense workload puts an emphasis for students on efficiency as opposed to quality"
(263–4). This example also strengthens Jaschik's argument in that it appeals to the first year writing
instructors by giving insight on various students' opinions on plagiarizing. This is effective to the
instructors because it allows them to learn some reasons why students plagiarize, such as being
overloaded and not having enough time. Even Stamper himself asks, "Should writing instructors be
looking to

Example Of Credibility Essay
Credibility can be established before, during and after one's presentation. Establishing credibility
before a presentation can be achieved by making information available about your background or
have it done in an introduction. Likewise, credibility can be established during a presentation by
'maintaining authenticity, being knowledgeable about the material, and speaking with confidence'
(Cardon, P.. 2013). Lastly, credibility can be established after a presentation by following up with
audience members over concerns or inquiries. Do so, shows empathy and character on behalf of the
presenter/speaker toward the audience.
Often audience members make assumptions and snap judgments based on their perception of the
speaker and his or her message. For this reason, it is of absolute importance to establish ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Personally, implementing the strategies of arriving early, utilizing the names of the audience
members, and utilizing the podium would be most effective in helping me overcome anxiety and
nervousness before delivering a presentation. Undoubtedly, showing up early for presentation would
allow me additional time to prepare, familiarize myself with the room, and guard against any
unforeseen issues. Likewise, incorporating the names of an audience member's in my presentation
would reduce the formality of the presentation and relieve feelings of nervousness. Finally, utilizing
the podium would overcompensate for any nervousness as utilizing the podium would convey a
perception of authority from the audience

A Research Study On Autism Spectrum Disorder ( Asd )
According to Purdue Owl, a research paper is defined as "the culmination and final product of an
involved process of research, critical thinking, source evaluation, organization, and composition."
The preliminary and most important step of writing a research paper is, unsurprisingly, the research
itself as it provides the writer the essential information to create the paper. In the past, collecting
information required hours of pulling information from journals and books that had to be first
evaluated for credibility based on the author or organization that published the source. However, the
emergence of the Internet now allows users to easily obtain information from multiple resources at a
time with. With an abundance of information ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
With a search bar, finding information about ASD was never an issue as the website had a dedicated
page to ASD and all of its information. So far there is a positive reputation for this website
considering that it is one of the most popular health websites on the Web. Although it seems
scholarly and well–trusted, the website's content on ASD has to be examined to prove whether the
information is a viable resource for my paper. One important factor when determining the initial
credibility of a web resource is that it is written by a credible and well–informed author. The
material on ASD was written by the CDC, a federal agency, as well as the National Center on Birth
Defects and Developmental Disabilities (NCBDDD), a subdivision within the CDC. The domain,
".gov", implies that this website is government–operated. As a government–funded entity, the CDC
has top professionals within each group that do extensive research and data collection on multiple
medical issues and topics. Upon further research, the NCBDDD consists of many staff members that
hold PhD's and MD's. With experienced staff on hand, the website's content is very dependable.
Also being on a protected domain, the website's information and material is unquestionably more
credible and

Some People Have the View That British Generals Like Haig...
Some people have the view that British generals like Haig were incompetent leaders.
How far does the sources support or contradict this interpretation?
Some people have the view that British generals such as Haig were useless leaders. Famous sources
like 'O What a lovely War', 'Blackadder' and 'The Trench' support this. However from the 1980s
many military historians have challenged this interpretation and states that under Haigs leadership,
Britain and her allies won the war from encouraging new weapons and military tactics. After Haigs
death in 1918, historians blamed him for needless laughter of nearly 750,000 British soldiers on the
Western Front and biographers pilloned him for his overconfidence, insensitivity and logical ...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Another source which supports the interpretation that British generals were incompetent is source
B1. John Laffin worked as a tour guide in Australia. His parents both served witht he Australians in
Gallipoli and France as nursing cops. Even though he didn't have a history degree, he was a military
historian who earned his living taking people on battlefield tours. He researched the war from the
soldier's viewpoint and wrote a successful history book titled "British Butchers and Bunglers of
World War One" – a very emotive polemic title – which released to the public in 2003. The book
aims to expose the guilt of 'uncaring and stupid' generals. The passage from the book says that Haig
and other stupid generals must be blamed for 'wilful blunders and wicked butchery' and that there
can never be forgiveness for their 'sheer incompetence'. This source lacks reliability as it has been
written in confidence with other sources he has researched online. Laffin only presents one side of
the argument and doesn't discuss the situation in Verdun. The passage of the book was written in
2003 – 80 years later from World War 1. However, his job as a tour guide in battlefields gives him
an advantage over other historians. This source is supported by other historians (B8 an B1) and
soldiers (B2). This interpretation is contradicted by sources like (B14).
David Lloyd George (B4) also supports the interpretation that British generals

Good Information Should Have All These Factors
Good Information should have all These Factors:
Valid – Correct Information and not fake. Also means that Logic. (Of an argument) so constructed
that if the premises are jointly asserted, the conclusion cannot be denied without contradiction. An
very good example of valid is information that you can trust such as information supplied to you by
a governing body. Valid financial information would be tax rates supplied to companies from the
Governments Tax Office.
Reliable – Consistent information that is valid and can be trusted. Also means that is it highly
trusted and that people believe the information it has. Reliable information if information that you
can rely on as being correct. It will be from a valid and trusted source. An example of reliable
information would be information from your sales department that is supplied to the financial
department on the sales figures for last month. As this comes from an internal information source it
is reliable and can be trusted.
Timely – It's done at the right time and it's relevant at the moment. Also means that the information
is useful at this moment in time and will be reliable. Timely is another important characteristic of
good information. Timely information is information that is from the correct time period. If a
company wants to analyse current profit and loss then they will need to access current sales figures
and not the sales figures from 10 years ago. We can also say that timely information is information
that is

Source Criticism: Looking At The Synoptic Gospels
First, I would like to ask the question of "what is Source Criticism?' The definition of what is source
criticism. "Source criticism is a form of study used by some Bible interpreters to help determine
potential human sources used to influence or compile the text of a biblical book (Source criticism –
What is it?)" Thus, the information must be based on reliable and verifiable information which they
were writing. The scholar's style, traditions, genealogy and their opinions sometimes showed up
throughout their writings. In going from source criticism many scholars, many times, are against
this. Believing that the scriptures were inspired by God.
In looking at the Synoptic Gospels, even though many times they do run parallel in their teachings

Source Bias In Research
What is a Good Source? Most students have written their fair share of papers that require multiple
sources from multiple viewpoints. But how do you know which sources are reliable and which ones
to avoid? With the amount of information out there, it is incredibly hard to know what is true or not
or who is being incredibly biased or not.
1. Sources?
According to the University of Illinois, different sources are better for different topics, it states that
Newspapers are better for "Daily local, national, and international news, events, and editorial
coverage" (Select the Best Information Source, n.d.). While Scholarly or Academic Journals are
better for "Recent research on a topic" and" Focused, peer–reviewed articles written by experts"
(Select the Best Information Source, n.d.). Check the references page, the amount and quality of a
references page means so much when it comes to determining whether a source is credible. Do they
have any sources? How many sources? If they have no sources at all, then it probably is not
credible, because you have no ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
If bias is there, and you don't spot it, you might have a source that contradicts the other, which
makes you less credible. Bias can change how an article is written and can obscure the truth of the
information that is there. If there is a bias towards a certain party then the article might obscure the
negatives of one party and only list negatives of the other, which would not be telling lies
necessarily, but would not be telling the full truth, which can make for a slanted paper about the
subject. Which makes you a source that is unreliable, and that causes the reader to question the
paper that you are writing, which usually isn't good. Sources without bias are usually more reliable
because they usually tell the whole store and not just one side of

The Eradication Of Research Misconduct
In our society today there seems to be extensive competition involving research and being the first
group or the first individual to discover valuable information. This leads to a great amount of
research misconduct involving clinical research and deception to the public. This is unacceptable
because it possesses potential to directly affect the general public. Unfortunately there has been
monumental misconduct in clinical research that has directly affected the general population. The
eradication of research misconduct is inevitable unless there is a serious change of policy and how
those policies are enforced. Research misconduct is a problem all around the globe, and there are
organizations everywhere that are attempting to completely ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Plagiarism is actually the most common type of misconduct. We also discussed the potential danger
of research misconduct along with the reasons why researchers chose to partake in research
misconduct. The reasons involved avoiding setbacks and protecting the researcher 's credibility, but
none of these reasons seem to be equal to the risk of losing credibility. Scientific fraud seems to be
appearing in all fields ranging from paleontology to nanotechnology. Along with this, certain
surveys show that 40 percent of researchers were aware of the misconduct (Gupta 1). There have
been numerous attempts to completely eradicate medical research misconduct but only a few
techniques have been proven to be effective. The most impressive one seems to be the changing of
policy. A change of policy on research misconduct or the introduction of an investigation committee
would make it harder for researchers to fabricate data to avoid setbacks along with making it
extremely clear that consequences will be harsh. There have been an uncountable amount of
precautions recorded that were basically an attempt to end research misconduct, and many of them
proved to be effective. This has been a problem that affects a majority of the globe including Iraq
where Shirin Dijalalinia experimented quite a bit with misconduct policies before she discovered a
effective policy. In her article, A Proposed Strategy for Research Misconduct Policy: A Review on
Misconduct Management in

Essay on Critique Of "death Of The Author"
Critique of "Death of the Author"
The title to the story "The Death of an Author," by Roland Barthes, suggests this story
may be a fictional novel about the story of an author's death. Perhaps one might pick it up, and skim
the foreword in hopes that beneath the cover of this book there would be a mystery, a story of
detectives, eye– witnesses, clues, and a puzzle for the reader to solve. Before I read this story, the
title "The Death of an Author" brought to my imagination the biography of a writer
slowly drinking himself to death trying to finish the story of his life, but the author would be stuck
and depressed because his life is not a story as it is boring and repetitive. ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
I came to this conclusion after reading
"The Death of an Author" for the fourth or fifth time. I began to wonder why does this
man write this way? What caused him to have so much distrust toward the critics? Those are the
thoughts he was trying to persuade us not to think.
Barthes wanted the author of the story to be no more than a name printed on the top or front of a
book. Throughout the story "The Death of an Author," Barthes refers to the author as a
scriptor in stating "Succeeding the Author, the scriptor no longer bears within him passions,
humors, feelings, impressions but rather this immense dictionary from which he draws a writing that
can know no halt." Barthes announces that a scriptor is superior to an author but they are the
same. Now if a scriptor is superior to an author this passage drags on and on, never circulating
around a single point. A scriptor does not try to make art of the two–hundred and fifty–five symbols
placed in front of him. A scriptor arranges the symbols in an order that once decoded can be read
back and can convey whatever message the scriptor recorded. Barthes reveals his knowledge of this
in writing, "Once the author is removed, the claim to decipher a text becomes quite futile. To
give a text an Author is to impose a limit on that text, to furnish it with a final signified, to close the
writing."
I

Credibility Definition
Credibility is the measurement by which one's reputation is evaluated for the presence of
'trustworthiness in work excellence, the ability to empathize with those who are in your employ or
those who are your employers, as well as one's corporate and personal values; notwithstanding,
one's ability to deliver on promises' (Cardon, P., pg. 3, 2013). Therefore, in order to achieve
credibility one must utilize the key elements which formulate credibility. As it stands, the key
elements which formulate credibility are competence, caring, and character. Competence is one of
the elements that constitute one's credibility. To define, competence is a term that refers to an
individual's knowledge or skill set which enables or qualifies the individual

How Technology Has Changed Today 's Generation
Technology has developed rapidly in today's generation. Physical engagement lessens as technology
progresses. The internet has become one powerful resource in today's generation. Although, the
internet is a helpful resource we must also take into consideration that not everything that is posted
on the internet is true. Many websites may post, and may state some important information that may
be intriguing which can be mistaken to be reliable. However, we must acknowledge if the website is
a reliable source by viewing its content. Recently in a community college in Oregon a shooting took
into place, and this is not the first time a mass shooting that has occurred. After the mass shooting
the President instantly responds to come out to speak to the American people. As I further wanted to
investigate on Obamas gun control speech I research the topic, and approach a site "The ONION
America's Finest News Source" they give a recap on Obamas speech, and they had no cites to their
sources, no author is given, they have no proof of evidence. I immediately evaluated this site to be
unreliable. When researching on the internet ask yourself if the website is stating true facts if so do
they cite their sources. Secondly, does the website introduce who they are? Do they have the
credibility to write about the certain topic? Lastly, take into consideration if they post logical
evidence.
The internet is a world outside of reality, and many websites may persuade you to believe their

Organization Value, And Core Values In The Volkswagen Company
As an employee or a manager in either the legal office or engineering department it would have
rather difficult to prevent this incident. I am not sure that you could have prevented it in its entirety.
In order to have prevented this incident you would need intimate knowledge of the operation and its
people. The company would have to only hire ethical people with a strong set of core values. "A
decision is ethical if it satisfies certain commonly accepted measures of utility (e.g., greatest good
for the largest number), or commonly accepted measure of motive or duty (e.g., authenticity)"
(Jayaraman & Min, 1993). There is no test that will truly tell you who someone is, only time. "One
has to find out, explore, discover. Creative problem solving and anticipating unintended con
sequences" (Jayaraman & Min, 1993) This is why you could not have stopped what happened in
Volkswagen. I believe there are steps that could have been taken to mitigate the potential of an
incident like this happening. Step one; create a set of core values for the company. As the CEO you
need to figure out what the employees and company stand for. An organization sets these values
through a collaborative process at all levels of the company. Each and every person that is hired
needs to believe in what they are doing. The reason is so ever person has "buy in" into the company.
When organization values and employee values merge the outcome is devotion. Employees that are
united under a set of core values

Criticism Of Andrew Clark An American Politician From The...
I am sure you would agree with me when I say we cannot escape the inevitability
(in ev i ta bility) of criticism. Aristotle once said, "Criticism is something we can avoid easily by
saying nothing, doing nothing, and being nothing." But I beg to disagree because people will
criticize you for saying nothing, doing nothing and being nothing. Someone once said, Criticism is
the muck in which the plants of the Lord grow strong and no child of God should fear Criticism.
Criticism has the potential to help believers in their spiritual growth? Listen to what Frank Clark an
American politician from the early 1900s said, "Criticism, like rain, should be gentle enough to
nourish a man's growth without destroying his roots."
Criticism comes in two forms, destructive and constructive. They are both self–explanatory.
Nevertheless, destructive criticism has the potential for spiritual growth but that would depend on
the receiver. Destructive criticism can make us look inwardly ask the deep question, is it true of me.
If the criticism levied is true, then do what needs to be done to correct it. If the criticism is malicious
then ignore it and make sure you do not give your critics ammunition to prove their point.
I would admit that criticism is not always easy to handle. People can be crude but always remember
we are not responsible for the actions of others. We will only answer to God for our actions. The
gospel is bigger than our feelings and has serious implications for mankind. So

Investigating Cableways And Design An Efficient Vertical...
Summary
To investigate cableways and design an efficient vertical transportation system for goods, in the
hilltop communities of Nepal.
My research established an understanding of existing cableway technology and explored a practical
engineering improvement for adaptation in developing countries. I identified that engineering, a
topic of personal interest, should be the field of research considered. A discussion with university
students was completed to find a specific issue that I could investigate. One topic suggested for
investigation from the EngineersWithoutBorders Challenge, inspired the research question.
The outcome format, a report, discussed my key findings and recommendations including; the
nature of cableways, influence of local topography, and constraints of existing technology. The
majority of my secondary sources were reports written by academics or aid organisations, found on
the web. Emailed questionnaires and personal interviews provided critical information and practical
critique of the design outcome. Analysis of findings combined with creative thinking enabled a
resolution of the research question. This was presented in the form of a proposed design at the
conclusion of the outcome report.
Evaluation
Evaluation of Research Processes
Interviews
Primary information was obtained by conducting interviews. I underestimated how effective this
process would be until I conducted one. Discussing my project with an experienced manufacturer
gave practical

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