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Heliocentric model and Copernicus
NICOLAUS COPERNICUS 
Nicolaus Copernicus was a polish mathematician, 
scientist and astronomer. 
He was born the 19th February 1473 in Torun, Poland 
and he died the 24th May 1543 in Frombork, Poland. 
He described around the year 1508 the heliocentric 
model, although people say it had been already 
described by Aristarchus of Samos in ancient Greece. 
It is true that Copernicus based his investigations and 
research studies on Aristarchus’ previous work.
He was the youngest child in a family of polish 
merchants. Because of the political issues in those 
times Copernicus’ first language was German, but 
their parents took him to school to study polish. 
His father died when he was only 10 years and his 
maternal uncle took that role. He was the bishop of 
Varmia Lucas Watzenrode and he would ensure the 
best education for his loved Copernicus. 
He financed the studies of Copernicus and fond him a 
job to ensure his future. Copernicus mother would 
die only some years later.
In 1491, Copernicus 
entered the University of 
Cracow, where he 
studied painting and 
mathematics. During that 
period he developed 
interest in astronomy 
and the cosmos. 
After graduating in Cracow in 1494, his uncle 
found him a job in the Frombork Cathedral as 
canon, so that he could continue with his 
studies on astronomy.
In 1496, Copernicus traveled to Italy, where he 
enrolled in a religious law program as the 
University of Bologna. There, he met some 
astronomers. 
In 1500, after completing his law studies in Bologna, 
Copernicus went on to study practical medicine 
at the University of Padua, but he did not finished 
them. 
In 1503, Copernicus attended the University of 
Ferrara, where he prepared to take the canon law 
exam. After passing it, he returned to Poland.
In those years he lived in the Episcopal residence 
looking after his uncle’s health. During that time he 
described the heliocentric model. 
In 1510, Copernicus moved to a residence in the 
Frombork Cathedral Chapter to have more time to 
study astronomy. He would live there as a canon for 
the rest of his life.
GEOCENTRIC MODEL 
Also known as Ptolemaic model. Although Plato and 
Aristotle had been writing about it centuries earlier, 
it was developed by Greek astronomers and was 
named after Claudius Ptolemy. 
It explained how planets and the Sun revolved about 
the motionless Earth. It was a complex interaction of 
circles. Despite this difficulties and complexity, this 
model survived until the 16th century when 
Copernicus proposed the Heliocentric model.
Heliocentric model and Copernicus
Ptolemy believed that each planet orbited around a 
circle, called epicycle, and the epicycle orbited 
around a bigger circle, called deferent, around the 
Earth. 
Equants were the solution that Ptolemy gave to some 
of the discrepancies the model had. Equants were 
the point at which an epicycle’s center always 
seemed to move at the same speed.
HELIOCENTRIC MODEL 
After 1,400 years Copernicus was the first to 
propose a different theory from Ptolemy’s. 
He used an astronomical theory to describe how 
the Sun was placed at the center of the 
universe. 
This model became popular in the 16th century 
because of advances in technology which 
gained evidence in its favor.
Heliocentric model and Copernicus
The rotation of the Earth on its own axis in a 24 
hour period could explain the daily movement 
of all the stars around the Earth. 
Copernicus wrote a book called ‘On the 
Revolutions of the Heavenly Bodies’. In this 
book he explained the movement of the stars 
and planet in a more simple way than Ptolemy 
did. However, both theories prediced identical 
planetary movements.
THE COPERNICAN REVOLUTION 
When Copernicus’ 
heliocentric model was 
developed, great changes 
appeared in society. 
However, it spread a bit 
slowly because of the 
conflicts it created with 
the Church.
The Church was against Copernicus and his theory of 
heliocentrism because it contradicted the Bible. His 
book was banned some years after it was published. 
First of all, the Holy Scripture states that the Earth is 
the center of the universe and the Sun revolves 
around it, and not otherwise; saying the opposite 
was considered blasphemy. 
Second, if you prove the Church wrong, it would lose a 
great part of its power and influence. At the 
moment, the Church and the Bible were the only 
sources of truth, and they were followed blindly by 
most of the people, so if part of it was a lie, it would 
lose credibility.
At first, the heliocentric model 
wasn’t properly accepted by 
society either and it took a long 
time for non-educated people 
like peasants to believe the 
center of the universe was the 
Sun. Many progressive 
scientists believed in this 
theory, but we can´t say the 
same for the rest of the world. 
After all, there´s a great 
difference between thinking 
human beings are the centre of 
everything and thinking you’re 
just something in the Universe 
without importance.
Nowadays, we can see that, 
even though the 
heliocentric model wasn´t 
entirely correct, it has 
helped a lot mankind to get 
closer to the actual model 
of the Universe. It has 
affected our society is not 
only in a scientific way, but 
it has also made the Church 
lose part of it power and 
encouraged people to 
prove things instead of just 
believing in something 
blindly.

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Heliocentric model and Copernicus

  • 2. NICOLAUS COPERNICUS Nicolaus Copernicus was a polish mathematician, scientist and astronomer. He was born the 19th February 1473 in Torun, Poland and he died the 24th May 1543 in Frombork, Poland. He described around the year 1508 the heliocentric model, although people say it had been already described by Aristarchus of Samos in ancient Greece. It is true that Copernicus based his investigations and research studies on Aristarchus’ previous work.
  • 3. He was the youngest child in a family of polish merchants. Because of the political issues in those times Copernicus’ first language was German, but their parents took him to school to study polish. His father died when he was only 10 years and his maternal uncle took that role. He was the bishop of Varmia Lucas Watzenrode and he would ensure the best education for his loved Copernicus. He financed the studies of Copernicus and fond him a job to ensure his future. Copernicus mother would die only some years later.
  • 4. In 1491, Copernicus entered the University of Cracow, where he studied painting and mathematics. During that period he developed interest in astronomy and the cosmos. After graduating in Cracow in 1494, his uncle found him a job in the Frombork Cathedral as canon, so that he could continue with his studies on astronomy.
  • 5. In 1496, Copernicus traveled to Italy, where he enrolled in a religious law program as the University of Bologna. There, he met some astronomers. In 1500, after completing his law studies in Bologna, Copernicus went on to study practical medicine at the University of Padua, but he did not finished them. In 1503, Copernicus attended the University of Ferrara, where he prepared to take the canon law exam. After passing it, he returned to Poland.
  • 6. In those years he lived in the Episcopal residence looking after his uncle’s health. During that time he described the heliocentric model. In 1510, Copernicus moved to a residence in the Frombork Cathedral Chapter to have more time to study astronomy. He would live there as a canon for the rest of his life.
  • 7. GEOCENTRIC MODEL Also known as Ptolemaic model. Although Plato and Aristotle had been writing about it centuries earlier, it was developed by Greek astronomers and was named after Claudius Ptolemy. It explained how planets and the Sun revolved about the motionless Earth. It was a complex interaction of circles. Despite this difficulties and complexity, this model survived until the 16th century when Copernicus proposed the Heliocentric model.
  • 9. Ptolemy believed that each planet orbited around a circle, called epicycle, and the epicycle orbited around a bigger circle, called deferent, around the Earth. Equants were the solution that Ptolemy gave to some of the discrepancies the model had. Equants were the point at which an epicycle’s center always seemed to move at the same speed.
  • 10. HELIOCENTRIC MODEL After 1,400 years Copernicus was the first to propose a different theory from Ptolemy’s. He used an astronomical theory to describe how the Sun was placed at the center of the universe. This model became popular in the 16th century because of advances in technology which gained evidence in its favor.
  • 12. The rotation of the Earth on its own axis in a 24 hour period could explain the daily movement of all the stars around the Earth. Copernicus wrote a book called ‘On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Bodies’. In this book he explained the movement of the stars and planet in a more simple way than Ptolemy did. However, both theories prediced identical planetary movements.
  • 13. THE COPERNICAN REVOLUTION When Copernicus’ heliocentric model was developed, great changes appeared in society. However, it spread a bit slowly because of the conflicts it created with the Church.
  • 14. The Church was against Copernicus and his theory of heliocentrism because it contradicted the Bible. His book was banned some years after it was published. First of all, the Holy Scripture states that the Earth is the center of the universe and the Sun revolves around it, and not otherwise; saying the opposite was considered blasphemy. Second, if you prove the Church wrong, it would lose a great part of its power and influence. At the moment, the Church and the Bible were the only sources of truth, and they were followed blindly by most of the people, so if part of it was a lie, it would lose credibility.
  • 15. At first, the heliocentric model wasn’t properly accepted by society either and it took a long time for non-educated people like peasants to believe the center of the universe was the Sun. Many progressive scientists believed in this theory, but we can´t say the same for the rest of the world. After all, there´s a great difference between thinking human beings are the centre of everything and thinking you’re just something in the Universe without importance.
  • 16. Nowadays, we can see that, even though the heliocentric model wasn´t entirely correct, it has helped a lot mankind to get closer to the actual model of the Universe. It has affected our society is not only in a scientific way, but it has also made the Church lose part of it power and encouraged people to prove things instead of just believing in something blindly.