The Impact Of Wwi For Artists Paul Nash And Marcel Duchamp...

The Impact Of Wwi For Artists Paul Nash And Marcel Duchamp...
Research Essay Impact of WWI for artists–Paul Nash and Marcel Duchamp As a number of leading
artists got involved in the War, most of the art campaigns stopped. Individual artistic creations
became less radical and started to step down from abstraction to concrete representations. In
particular, the program in which the government appointed the artists as war correspondents has
resulted in some of the most exceptional artworks of this century. This is, perhaps, because the
artists have been exposed to wider issues of human nature, which were absolutely catastrophic and
tragic. As an official war artist who was sent to the Western Front in 1917, Paul Nash was turned
from a traditional landscape painter to one with strong anti–war sentiments after experiencing its
devastating effects. During the War, his paintings reveal the scenes of total desolation. For example,
his painting entitled <We are Making a New World>, displays a malleable landscape constantly
reshaped and redrawn by bombardment and attacks in a heavily ironic way with the sun still arises –
The splendid sunrise over the mountains and the landscape only contrasts the fact that the once
dense woodland has been deprived of its glory because of the gunfire. This is what the war has
created! The ironic title for this barren landscape just reminds people who were part of the War of
what they were actually achieving. The connection between the WWI and art history can be
possibly dated back to
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Imagery, Particularly Of The Ottoman Empire
Orientalist imagery, particularly of the Ottoman empire, featured prominently in the French
Neoclassicist artist Ingres ' works. Western gaze on the Orient permeates his creations of sultry
women lounging around the harem, waiting for their sultan to arrive. The Orientalism of the female
nudes in the paintings The Grand Odalisque (1814) and The Turkish Bath (1863) is evident. The
Orient occupied the "Other" in the eyes of the west (Said 44) and became a subject of fascination for
Ingres (Shelton 212). Ingres created ethereal, exotic images of the Ottoman Harem and thus,
established his role as an Orientalist.
The Orient refers to the space occupied by the Middle East and Northern Africa which exists in
connection and opposition to the Occident––Europe (Said 5). It exists in Western eyes as the prime
subject of domination and control (Said 3) as "the Oriental" is viewed as less–than–human, purely
for study and academia (Said 27); it is he who is also "gullible", lazy and unmotivated, and lacks
European morals such as compassion for animal welfare (Said 38). It is the "bad" Orient and must
be corrected and taught proper morals (Said 99). Its women are submissive and to be spoken for by
the Orientalist foreigner (Said 6), who visits not to learn about or appreciate culture but to be
spectator and to gaze upon what he sees as "exotic" (Said 21), she has no temperament or lived
experience beyond what is assigned to her by this outsider (Said 6). The Orient is not a real place

Paolina Borghese: The Art Development Of Civilization
To examine the growth of any civilization, we need to examine their art development. Art is the
transparent image of any development of the humanity along the history. In order to investigate this
evolution we need to take a close look to the art work from different era, and we choose to study the
art work from; Neo classicism, Romanticism and Realism. Amazingly, by choosing only one subject
matter, we could see how art has been developed over the time. We will be studying the progress of
the women rule in the society over the history. From Neo classicism we have Paolina Borghese by
Canova, from Romanticism we take Princesse de Broglie by Ingres and from realism we choose to
study Olympia by Manet. Paolina Borghese ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
With Canova nimbleness of line, lovely modeling, and the strongly repeated details, Poalina show
the strong representation of a woman in the society, the strong idea of beauty that defeat death as in
Greek and Roman art.
The Princess de Broglie by Ingres set another representation of a woman in the society, the rule of
an aristocratic but romantic woman at the Romantic art. The vivid colors and a super soft surface
that does not show even the brushwork on it, Ingres had the opportunity to reflect the romantic,
passion, and solitary woman rule in the Romantic era.
Manet had another completely different idea for a woman in nude, with a real not a lie, harsh not
soft, and a yellow skin not white. The rule of a prostitute woman who look in the viewer eyes to
challenge them, who take of some of the viewer power in her gaze, a rule of powerful confident
woman even if it was from a lower–class. With obvious rapid brush strokes and a facile spit without
any modeling, Manet sent a message to the viewer: it's real; it's the modern world real beauty which
is not an

An Age of Reason, An Age of Passion Essay
An Age of Reason, An Age of Passion
The period following the Renaissance focused the human attention toward the beauty of nature. It
was man's turn to be part of the nature and not the other way around. The term picturesque–or
"compared to a picture" as Michael Woods defines it – defines new characteristics of the art from
this period.
This period, "An Age of Reason, An Age of Passion," had a dual nature–rational, responsive to
reason, but also anti–rational, responsive to emotion.
"Making one's way through the intellectual history of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, one
must be aware of the shifting meaning of such words as rationalism, naturalism, classicism,
romanticism. Like dancers in a reel, they combine and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Taste became a "value above morality" (Stewart et. al., 156). Rococo main themes focused on
leisure, love, and fashion. These themes and the "dramatic verve of Rubens gave way to the lyrical
tone of Rubens' great followers, Jean–Antoine Watteau (1684–1721), Frangois Boucher (1703–
1770), and Jean–Honor6 Fragonard (1732–1804), the outstanding masters of three generations of
Rococo painting in France" (Stewart et al., 156).
When it comes to Fragonard and his paintings, I have to mention that he is one of my favorite
painters. Paintings like "The Swing" (1766), "A Young Girl Reading" (1776), "The Study" (1769),
"The Lover Crowned" (1771–73), "The Meeting" (1771–73) and so many more hold a special magic
for me. Every time I look at his paintings, it is like looking at a magic world. It is more like a dream
world, or like an old–fashioned story that never loses its charm for a child's ears. Because of
Fragonard's talent, I can also "listen" to his magic stories: a stolen kiss, a flirtation giggle, the sound
of the wind browsing through a lovely garden with a magic swing.
From this period, although not a Rococo artist, we have to mention Jean–Baptiste Chardin (1699–
1779). "While his contemporaries painted their high–style works of the 'upstairs' aristocratic life,
Chardin painted the 'downstairs' " (Stewart et. al., 160): kitchen or pantry copper pots, earthenware
jugs, and raw food.

Jacques-Louis Wiley Visual Culture
Ackeem Salmon
Visual Culture of Africa
Professor Amy Lazet
Research paper
Kehinde Wiley
Rough Draft Born on February 28, 1977 in Los Angeles, CA, African American Painter Kehnide
Wiley grew up in an environment that was driven by some of the defining elements of "hip–hop, the
violence, antisocial behavior, and streets on firestreets on fire" (Whiley Studio). . These
environmental factors never stopped Wiley from pushing his career. Both him and his twin brother
were constantly motivated by their mother to pursue their dreams. On weekends, she would send
them to art classes at a conservatory and after school she would have them on lockdown in order to
keep them away from the influences in the environment they lived. According ... Show more content
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In addition, he was able to maintain a wholly original sensibility and style by bringing the particular
influence of classical painters such as Titian or Jean–Auguste–Dominique Ingres to his work. These
inspirations have expanded Whiley's canvases over the course of his career and as such he began
depicting his subjects, young black models or music icons, in heroic defeat as well as triumph.
Whiley raises socio –political issues regarding power and authority with his practice, exploring the
life and identity of black men around the world today, in that he believed it is possible to hold twin
desires in the head, such as the desire to look at a black American culture as underserved, in need of
representation, a desire that reflects culture and lay its parts bare, and look at it almost

Comparison Between Madame Jacques-Louis Leblanc And Young...
Introduction:
In this paper, I will be focusing on two artworks, "Madame Jacques–Louis Leblanc" and "Young
Husband: First Marketing". I will give a brief description of both paintings and I will analyze two
elements and two principles of design in both paintings. I will make comparisons between them to
identify the similarities and differences. Finally, I will give the small conclusion of the whole paper.
Description1:
The first artwork is "Madame Jacques–Louis Leblanc" by Jean Augst Dominique painted it in 1823
(Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres). This painting looks intimate as if he was drawing the love of his
life. The woman in the painting is sitting in a chair and looks comfortable. Her eyes are looking at
him as he is the man who is her ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Madame Jacques–Louis Leblanc was painted in France. Whereas, the "Young Husband: First
Marketing" was painted in America. In addition, both paintings are different in shown balance. The
Madame Jacques–Louis Leblanc looks unbalanced because it shows that the woman is more on the
left side of the painting. However, the painter tries to make it balanced, he puts table and flowers to
the other side. However, the "Young Husband: First Marketing" looks very balanced. Both men are
in the middle of the painting. Also, it looks balanced because on the pavement you can see the
vegetable, and stairs and above there are the buildings and

Walker Art Center Research Paper
So what exactly is the Walker Art Center? The Walker Art Center is a contemporary art center in
MInneapolis Minnesota. It was established in 1927 and it is also one of the most visited museums in
the United States. For this paper I was assigned to visit the Walker Art Center and choose one piece
of art to write an essay about. It was my first time going to the Walker Art Center and I found myself
in amazement with the all the artwork there. I examined many pieces and found the piece "Do
woman have to be naked to get into the Met. Museum"? By the Guerrilla girls the most compelling.
I found this piece compelling because it was the only one that caught my eye since it was one of the
few that represents feminism and equality for women and minorities. ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
First of all I started with the subject matter of the artwork. What I saw the subject matter to be was
the woman with the gorilla mask on because it is what catches the audience attention, and it was
also the most detailed aspect in the artwork. The rest was is bolded words and blanket the woman
lays on. The poster is also an example of postmodern art. Next, the medium of this artwork is screen
printed on a poster. The Form of this image is huge. When I saw it at the Walker Center in the
section of the Guerilla girls it was the biggest of them all. The others were fairly small and put next
to each other but this one in particular was by itself and much bigger than the rest. The context about
this poster is that you see a woman that is naked and she wears a gorilla mask which represents the
guerrilla girls. She also covers her private parts to get the point across that is stated in bold letters
that is also the title of the artwork which says "Do woman have to be naked to get into the Met.
Museum"? In other words, the naked woman's private parts being covered is not a coincidence but
instead it is the artist's way of telling people how naked woman are often used in artwork and it's not
fair. The poster gets even more descriptive with the smaller bolder words in the image that state
"Less than 5% of the artist

How Did The Work Of Arts Affected The French Revolution?
The work of arts had a significant impact on the French Revolution in contrast the works of arts also
impacted by the French Revolution in a great extent. In early 18th century after the Baroque period
the patrons of arts were not only the emperors and religion institutions but also the high class of the
society, the elites, and Rococo period began by their aristocratic taste which fully demolished after
the French Revolution. The work of arts came in a new way where values were considered first time
in arts; the Enlightenment period began. In Rococo time, work of arts were locked to high class
people who were the 10 percent of the total population and had 90 percent of total wealth. Artists
performed their orders to make the aristocrat customer happy. The portrait of Louis XIV, the Swing,
Pilgrimage to Cythera all are the sign of those days' reflection–– aristocratic taste and the symbol of
their lavish lifestyle. It seemed the heaven has come to the earth and these high–class people are
only the inhabitants of the heaven like the divine Gods and Goddesses. In contrast the largest
population were charged extra ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Napoleon was a key patron of arts who exploited arts as his strong news media, in other words: he
spread out propaganda to create his heroic as well as divine image to his citizens. Jacques–Louis
David's 'Napoleon Crossing the Alps' is another example of similar work. Practically he never
crossed Alps on horse with his people but, David's portrait created a heroic image to his citizens.
Citizens also started believing in him that a hero like Napoleon can only rule the devastated country
after French revolution. David's art of work communicated against the King Louis XVI and in
contrast established Napoleon Bonaparte's image to the estate

A POSITION PAPER ON SOPHOCLES’ OEDIPUS REX
THE KING WEARS A SHADES AS THE SUN SHINES BRIGHT WHICH MAKES HIS
DAYS DARKER AND DARKER EVERY SINGLE DAY
(with some relations to the Philippine Government and setting as a whole)
A POSITION PAPER ON SOPHOCLES'
OEDIPUS REX
REGULANO, Jean Paula Bermudez
2011–05787
HUM 1 X
Oedipus Rex' knowledge, which served as his gut against the others to be the King of
Thebes, is only limited to the information on his people and his environment, excluding the
information about himself due to his blindness and innocence on his own identity.
In the midst of the downfall of the City of Thebes, is the entrance of a great leader who will dare to
make a change, held the city up despite its fall, which will do his best for his term to be progressive
and be ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This describes, simply, a cause and effect relation in variables.
The free will and determinism concepts in the play in one way can be projected in the part where in
Oedipus' leadership was carefully examined. What is really, a hidden agenda of a man to be a King
of such a place? All politicians who run for a position, saying or hiding this, have their own
agendum of doing so. It would be so scripted for the people or for the mass to say that their only
reason for asking a position is to have a better avenue to serve them, provide their basic social
needs, to return back to them what they do for their nation as part of the nationbuilding, to offer his
life as to bring progress and unite the people of a specific land. Though there are really some whose
objective is this, but I wonder if they are placed in position right now. Oedipus' is fortunate enough
to be able to be the King of the City of Thebes, but, how about his tragic reversal of fortune as the
story starts to end? Is it attributed to his own conduct?
Or will it more reflect on his fate, which means that what happened is merely because it was
planned, that is it was really meant to happen, and that it was not caused by the conduct of
Oedipus?
In an audience point of view, what happened towards the end is mainly because of his conduct.
The death of Laius is really a big issue and as the one

Research Paper On Jean Auguste Ingres
Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres was born on August 29, 1780 in Montauban, France. His mother,
Anne Moulet, was the daughter of a successful wigmaker and was illiterate. His father, Jean Marie
Joseph Ingres, was an jack–of–all–trades artist; he was a painter, sculptor, stonemason, and
musician. Ingres' first teacher in the arts was his father, who encouraged him in drawing and music.
In 1786, he started studying at the local school, l'École des Frères de l'Education Chretienne.
Unfortunately, the school was closed in 1791 due to the French Revolution. The same year, Ingres'
father took him to Toulouse, where he enrolled in the Academie Royale de Peinture, Sculpture, et
Architecture. There he studied under the sculptor Jean–Pierre Vigan and the ... Show more content
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Ingres would leave for Rome just before the Salon, after proposing to Marie–Anne–Julie Forestier, a
painter and musician. At the Salon, critics harshly reviewed Ingres' paintings. Ingres' style–
characterized by solid lines and colors, spatial and anatomical manipulation, and lots of detail–was
allegedly too gothic for the times and was a regression to the past. Ingres was deeply offended by
this criticism and refused to return to Paris, a decision that ended his engagement. In Rome, Ingres
continued to create paintings to send to Paris, and they continued to receive harsh criticism for his
classical style. In 1811, Ingres completed his masterpiece (final piece as a student to prove mastery
of a trade), Jupiter and Thetis, which was also received harshly by critics. In 1813 Ingres married
Madeleine Chapelle, and in 1814 Ingres traveled to Naples to paint Queen Caroline Murat.
Unfortunately, the Murat dynasty collapsed the following year and Ingres was never paid. This,
coupled with the fall of Napoleon, left Ingres effectively stuck in Rome without any patronage. He
survived by painting portraits for tourists, which he deeply resented, viewing these portraits as
menial

Feminism In The Guerrilla Girl
The guerrilla girl's are feminist activists that have been around since 1985. Using a combination of
facts, humor and visual artwork the group's protests and artwork cover a wide variety of issues,
including the portrayal of female nudity, wage gap, lack of female minority representation,
environmentalism, abortion, theatre, human rights for all and discrimination. The groups posters,
actions, books, videos, stickers, billboards, bus ads, magazine spreads, protests and campaigns
reveal hidden, overlooked truths and are seen worldwide in Iceland, Istanbul, London, New York
and Shanghai and many other countries. How can you really tell the story of a culture when you
don't include all the voices within the culture? Kahlo, NY Times This quote explains what
influenced the formation of the group. The group uses the names of dead female artists as aliases
and wears gorilla masks to stay anonymous. Some names of original members are Kahlo, Käthe
Kollwitz a 19th century german artist, and Zubeida Agha a modern Pakistan artist who passed in
1997. The only way to tell identities is by looking at small differences in the design of the mask
meaning glasses and lipstick or by voices. Without names, faces, ages or biography, it is hard to
target the Guerrilla Girls. One could send abuse to their website, but the usual sexual threats that
feminist campaigners routinely get is lowered when the targets look like impassive gorillas. The
masks also keep the focus on the issues and away

Influences of the Romantic Period
Influences on the Romantic Period Romanticism spawned in the late 18th century and flourished in
the early and mid–19th century. Romanticism emphasized the irrational, the imaginative, the
personal, the spontaneous, the emotional, the visionary, the transcendental, and the individual.
Romanticism is often viewed as a rejection of the ideologies of Classicism and Neoclassicisms,
namely calm, order, harmony, idealization, rationality and balance. Some characteristics of
Romanticism include: emotion over reason, senses over intellect, love for nature, use of the hero and
the exceptional figure in general, emphasis of imagination being the gateway to spiritual truth, and
an interest in folk culture. Romanticism was preceded by related ... Show more content on
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Percy Shelley's "The Necessity of Atheism" was heavily influenced by Shelley's religious belief,
atheism. In Necessity of Atheism Shelley argues that there is no evidence for a God based on
observation or experience. This line of argument indicates the major influence of the Enlightenment
philosophers on his perspective, but religion is still the main influence because his religious belief is
the foundation of the writing. Religious influence on Romantic authors is further shown by
Wordsworth's Ode: Intimations of Immortality. "Ode: Intimations of Immortality" is influenced by
Wordsworth's belief in Pantheism and is demonstrated by his use of nature throughout. Pantheism is
also shown when Wordsworth states that children are more pure and closer to nature than adults, but
that as adults, recollection of youth can give one a closer philosophical relationship with nature.
Though Shelley and Wordsworth pursued two completely different paths with their texts they both
arrived at the same point, having deep personal religious beliefs that very strongly influenced their
writing (James Cooper). Religion was prominent during the Romantic Era in the same way that
classical mythology was important in previous era's; Romantic authors used religious imagery in the
same way that they would use other ancient traditions that they no longer believed in. Faust by
Goethe for example, has many Christian

The Female Gaze Of Art History
Paula St. Cyr
Erin Farrell, M.A. adjunct
ARTH 316 W1
December 10, 2016
The Female Gaze in Art History
Thesis: Women have come a long way alongside men in presenting art in various forms, but while
artistic expression has been based from the male perspective and sexuality, female artists are
becoming more outspoken in their art forms challenging viewers to look beyond the physical form
and go deeper into its meaning. Down through the historical years of art the human body has been
the subject of intrigue and delight. While the display of the nude body has always bought about
controversy for one reason or another, the controversy is only as it applies to the female nude. Not
too much is ever focused on the nude body part of men, but female nudity causes quite the stir,
especially from male viewers. As I delve into this art form of female gaze, it might be helpful to take
a look at the male gaze as it applies to substantiating the female gaze. The notion of the male gaze
has both a literal and a figurative component. Literally the gaze is male when it involves looks from
the male species as a spectator or a participant in the work itself. Figuratively the male gaze is often
involving a female as the object. In Laura Mulvey 's words, man is the bearer of the gaze, woman its
object. Laura Mulvey, Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema" (1975). An underprivileged object I
might add. In my opinion male and female gaze is not just about the features within artistry, but

How Did Edgar Degas Create A Two Dancer On A Stage
Edgar Degas was a French artist, which was known as an Impressionists. He was born on the 19th of
July, 1834, in Paris, France. His full name was Hilaire–Germain–Edgar Degas. Degas went into
practice law. In 1855, he enrolled at the famous School of Fine Arts, in Paris, where he studied
under Louis Lamothe, a pupil of the classical painter Jean–Auguste–Dominique Ingres. In time,
Edgar Degas painting became popular and unique. Edgar Degas painting featured unorthodox visual
angles and asymmetrical perspectives. The painting Two Dancer on a stage includes two dancers in
standard ballet positions standing on a stage. However, there is another Ballerina who is cut off. This
allow you to see that the painting is painted on an angle making it seem realistic. This makes the
painting unique. The dancers in this painting are in full costume and mid–dance showing that this is
not a rehearsal rather a performance. The coloring of the painting is soft and is not bright. However,
the dancer's costume are very bright with pink, yellow, and green. Fiero informs us that he never
sacrificed line and form to the beguiling qualities of color and light (120). Degas' use of muted
colors stands in contrast to the vivid colors being used by the Impressionists in their landscapes. ...
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In the article of Degas and dancers, Trachtman (2003) assert, "At the ballet Degas found a world that
excited both his taste for classical beauty and his eye for modern realism". His painting became very
popular and be can be seen worldwide. The Norton Simon Museum is an art museum located in
Pasadena, California, United States. There are over 100 works by this complex artist. Two dancer on
a stage can be found at Courtauld Institute Gallery, Somerset House, and

Who Is Napoleon Ingres?
Although criticized for many of his works, including his portrait of Napoleon, Jean Auguste
Dominique Ingres was a phenomenal French neoclassical painter. Ingres was born in Montaubon,
France in 1780 and died in 1863, however he travelled to many places such as Paris, Rome and
Florence before making a triumphant return to his hometown in France throughout his life. He made
a name for himself towards the end of his life time with his drawn and painted portraits. One of the
many well–known works included the Portrait of Josephine–Eleonore–Marie–Pauline de Galard de
Brassac de Bearn, more concisely known as the Portrait of the Princesse de Broglie. This oil on
canvas medium is a painted portrait by Ingres done in the years 1851–1853, towards

Discovering a Woman's Role in Society Essay
Throughout the early 1800s, British women often played a subordinate role in society, flexed by
many obligations, laws, and the superior males. A young woman's struggle for independence and
free will can often be compared to a life of servitude and slavery. Women were often controlled by
the various men in their lives; whether it be father, brother or the eventual husband. In 19th century
Britain, laws were enacted to further suppress women that eventually bore the idea that women were
supposed to do two things: marry and have children. In Pride and Prejudice, Austen demonstrates a
women's struggle within a society that stresses the importance of marriage and strict behavioral
customs. As evidenced by the Bennett daughters: Elizabeth, ... Show more content on
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Since many women did not inherit wealth nor did they find their own means, women looked to
marriage in order to secure a comfortable future. Also, many historic events such as the French
Revolution and the War of 1812 happened during this time. The Regency period draws upon many
issues and ideals that are prevalent throughout Pride and Prejudice. In order to gain a clearer
perspective of the novel, it is important to understand the foundation of the Regency period. Beneath
the glamour of the Regency period, lied a society that relied heavily on its definite social hierarchy
and the status of money. A woman from the Regency period had no other option but to find a
husband, "It is a truth universally acknowledged that a single man in possession of a good fortunate
must be in want of a wife" (Austen 3). Moreover, marriage seemed like a business proposition rather
than a matter of love and happiness. In order to do so, the couple must go through the process of a
highly established society that had its rules and regulations. Class structure played an influential role
during the Regency period, as it was rarely changeable and marriage matches often depended on it.
The class system was highly flawed and allowed for a large gap between the rich and the poor. The
inhabitants of Regency England seemed to belong to three distinct social classes: the aristocratic,
middle class and lower class (also known as the

Skills For Visual And Written Analysis
Skills for visual and written analysis have emerged to be a central debate in different art societies.
Writing about art has materialized to become a variable way to practice cultural, social, economic
and political aspects. Precisely, a personal response to an art piece increases the understanding of the
piece of art. As such, the role of individuals such as curators has become essential in improving the
understanding of art. Evidence has proved that visual art has far reaching impact in reading, writing,
geometry and science. Visual art creates an innate mental ability that envisions forms and observe
closely different skills. Precisely, visual art is seen as a cultural vehicle that helps culture to share
ideas. The incoming report investigates the works of Jean–Auguste–Dominique Ingres 29 August
1780 – 14 January 1867, who was NeoClassical painter. Ingres images perpetuate an alluring and
rather misleading image of the orient. The report will compare a variety of images to provide a more
truthful understanding of the Near East culture.
Background
Orientalism is notable given that it improved the 19th–century architecture and decorative art that
had a significant influence on the nature of painting, and graphic arts with photography. The
research will examine Ingres works by drawing an open ended approach to art. Critical emphasis
will prove that the works established a new kind of totality, and a variation that embraced everything
from a crude preliminary sketch to the

Essay Iconography and Iconology of an Advertisement
Iconography and Iconology of an Advertisement
Looking at the art of the past, we see many images depicting nude women. From Botticelli's The
Birth of Venus to Ingres's Grande Odelisque, many artists like the idea of painting a woman in the
nude in an interesting pose. Even modern images in contemporary magazines depict nude images.
Yves Saint Laurent's advertisement of their fragrance Opium depicts a nude woman covering her
breast. Her pose is a symbol of the iconography, while beauty serves as the iconology. The
understanding of the iconography and iconology of this image by contemporary society comes from
the fact that the nude image was depicted in the great art of the past; however, the fact that society
has become contemporary ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
For example, The Birth of Venus has arranged her hands and hair in such a way to hide her
sexuality. The pose of the woman in the advertisement also shows the same thing. She is posed
seductively to show off her body, yet she is covering one breast with her hand. When we think of
nude figures, we think of art pieces in the past that depicted nude women in a certain pose.
Therefore, the pose of the woman in the advertisement owes much to the pose of nude women in art
pieces of the past. Because nudity was depicted in great art of the past, we are not surprised when
we see a nude image in a magazine. Instead, we view nudity as a symbol of beauty.
The real purpose of a nude image is to show the woman's beauty, not her sexuality; this is the
iconology of the image. This image of the woman in a seductive pose in the advertisement is meant
to draw the reader's attention to the product. The advertisers want to show how "beautiful " this new
fragrance is by having a beautiful nude woman pose for their ad. The art of the past that depicted
nude women were meant to show their beauty also. For example, the statue of Aphrodite by
Praxiteles depicted the goddess in a seductive pose, but the statue was interpreted as a symbol of
enchanting beauty. Beauty is shown through sexuality and seductiveness, as evidenced by the nude
women in the art pieces. This is also shown in the advertisement for the fragrance.
Although the image in the

Napoleon Bonaparte Visit The Plague-Stricken In Jaffa '
Orientalism is a form of art that was most famous during the nineteenth–century. This type of art
represents nineteenth–century artists' stereotypical assumptions describing Middle East culture.
According to "Orientalism in Nineteenth–Century Art" online article by Jennifer Meagher, "Some of
the first nineteenth–century Orientalist paintings were intended as propaganda in support of French
imperialism, depicting the East as a place of backwardness, lawlessness, or barbarism enlightened
and tamed by French rule." Meagher claims that French leaders wanted to convey and to a certain
extend romanticize their actions when colonizing many Middle Eastern regions. ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
According to the online article "What is Orientalism" by unknown author, Orientalism is "a way of
seeing that imagines, emphasizes, exaggerated and distorts differences of Arab (Middle East)
peoples and cultures as compared to that of Europe and the U.S. It often involves seeing Arab
(Middle East) culture as exotic, backward, uncivilized, and at times dangerous." One example of
artwork that portrays the exotic view of the Middle East culture is The Turkish Bath (1863) by Jean–
Auguste–Dominique Ingres. Although Ingres never visited the East, he used his imagination to
create this painting. In his canvas painting, we see various naked women at a harem enjoying their
bath time. The focal point is a group of six women towards the left side of the painting. Most of the
women are wearing colorful, exotic turbans, and all of them are wearing exotic, luxurious jewelry.
Some of the women are laying down on colorful, vintage designed mats. The women within this
Oriental–styled interior are enjoying different types of activities such as talking to each other,
relaxing, bathing and playing musical instruments. Around the harem are visible symbolic Middle
Eastern

The Philosophy Of The French Revolution
Neoclassicism, meaning new classicism, was the philosophy of the French Revolution. Since the fall
of the Roman Empire, Europeans had been fascinated by the glory and affluence of ancient Rome.
However, it was during the Age of Enlightenment around the mid–1700's that many students went to
study art in Rome and returned to their home countries with a renewed appreciation for Greco–
Roman culture. A popular neoclassical writer named Johann Joachim Winckelmann once said this,
"the only way for modern artists to achieve greatness was to imitate the Greeks." In order to identify
neoclassical art, one must look for key Greek features including Greek or Roman soldiers, classical
subject matter with people in statuesque poses, as well as sharp outlines and contrasts. Paintings
such as these often highlighted the virtues most esteemed by the Romans and Greeks, such as
patriotism, bravery, loyalty, and sacrifice. This classical, restrained style was brought about in
reaction to the melodramatic Baroque style. Neoclassical philosophers went so far as to say that man
could control his destiny by learning from and following the laws of nature. This ideology is best
illustrated in Neoclassical art such as Oath of the Horatii, The Apotheosis of Homer, and the
Pantheon in Paris. At the 1785 Paris Salon, visitors were transfixed by one painting: Oath of the
Horatii by Jacques–Louis David. For over a century, the Paris Salon was the greatest annual art
event in Western Europe and in

Essay On Facts About Wonder Woman
10 Art History facts about Wonder Woman:
Art History is such an amazing discipline and knowing that Wonder Woman is attached to it is just
magnificent news. It is not a snobbish discipline, much less a nerdy realm. Art History inspires
creativity and innovation. And we could all notice that with clear facts thanks to Wonder Woman.
You will not believe how many ties are there between the Princess of the Amazons and Art History.
This list will show you ten of the most amazing ones.
1. Wonder Woman is an Art Historian.
Diana Prince (a.k.a. Wonder Woman, only daughter of Queen Hippolyta of Themescyra) is an Art
Historian and so it is shown in the smashing movie with Gal Gadot in the leading role. Since the
beginning of this 2017 film, we see who this superheroine works at one of the top art museums in
the world: The Louvre (Paris). She has an office in the main building and is surrounded by ancient
artifacts which remind us of the ancient gods (her relatives). After all, Diana is the ... Show more
Zimmer is an expert on this matters and after composing the Wonder Woman theme he called the
Chinese hardcore cellist Tina Guo to play it. "When she grabs the Cello, it's like a sword. She
becomes the Wonder Woman." – Zimmer has expressed. (Link 6) This is what is called pictorialism
and naturalism in music theory. Great composers like Händel and Beethoven were masters of it
(See? Art History doing its thing again). With pictorialism/realism, music not only stimulates and
evoque feelings and emotions, it simulates actions and features of the real world, like the pouring
rain, plain valleys or the raging fighting movements of Wonder Woman, her power, and her feminine
strength.(Link 9) Rupert Gregson–Williams was in charge of complementing Zimmer's original
theme to give the movie this characteristic simmering–within–musical aura that caught us

Discovering a Woman’s Role in Society in Pride and...
Throughout the early 1800s, British women often played a subordinate role in society, flexed by
many obligations, laws, and the superior males. A young woman's struggle for independence and
free will can often be compared to a life of servitude and slavery. Women were often controlled by
the various men in their lives; whether it be father, brother or the eventual husband. Marriage during
this time was often a gamble; one can either be in it for the right reasons such as love or for the
wrong reasons such as advancing social status. In 19th century Britain, laws were enacted to further
suppress women that eventually bore the idea that women were supposed to do two things: marry
and have children. In Pride and Prejudice, Austen ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Every social interaction had its own procedure, from the way a woman holds her cup of tea to the
way a woman holds a man's hand to indicate interest. Like previous periods, the social hierarchy
importance was stressed. Since many women did not inherit wealth nor did they find their own
means, women looked to marriage in order to secure a comfortable future. Also, many historic
events such as the French Revolution and the War of 1812 happened during this time. The Regency
period draws upon many issues and ideals that are prevalent throughout Pride and Prejudice. In
order to gain a clearer perspective of the novel, it is important to understand the foundation of the
Regency period. Beneath the glamour of the Regency period, lied a society that relied heavily on its
definite social hierarchy and the status of money. A woman from the Regency period had no other
option but to find a husband, "It is a truth universally acknowledged that a single man in possession
of a good fortunate must be in want of a wife" (Austen 3). Women were often objectified and treated
as a possession rather than a life partner. Moreover, marriage seemed like a business proposition
rather than a matter of love and happiness. In order to do so, the couple must go through the process
of a highly established society that had its rules and regulations. Class structure played an influential
role during the Regency period, as it was rarely changeable and marriage matches often depended
on it.

Grande Odalisque And The Nightmare Comparison
Both Grande Odalisque and The Nightmare, were created during a time period ruled by Neoclassism
and Romanticism. Grande Odalisque is an oil painting created by Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres in
1814. The Nightmare is an oil painting created by Henry Fuseli in 1781. Grande Odalisque and The
Nightmare have very unique themes that represent each of their artists' own unique style, despite
their differences they still maintain certain similarities through the Romantic qualities that each
possess. In order to fully comprehend the meaning of works of art, it is important to understand the
artist behind them. Obtaining knowledge on an artist's life can help the viewer comprehend possible
messages that a work of art is trying to present. Jean Auguste ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
He achieves this by using oil paint on canvas. Its main focus is that of a nude European woman in
the foreground, the woman stares apathetically at the viewer. Her body is lounging on a blue couch,
with rich linens crumpled beneath her. There are elaborately embroidered curtains hanging behind
her. The only thing adorning her body is a turban in her hair and a peacock feathered fan clutched in
her hand. The feathers could be symbolizing the woman's integrity and high social standing, which
is indicative to peacocks. The cool blue tones used throughout the piece help emphasize the
woman's calm demeanor. Her body is long and languid, which Ingres was able to achieve with
illusionism. He often distorted the human form to achieve idealistic images, such as the lengthening
of the woman's torso ("Jean" 122). The contrast between her skin and the environment helps her
body stand out in comparison. The lines that define her body curve softly, giving her a sensual and
smooth appearance in contrast to the angular lines used in the environment. Ingres portrays the
young woman as a concubine in a harem looking over her shoulder at her master. Although he had
attempted Neoclassicism this picture leans to a more Romantic approach, which is the reason it was
not well received when it was displayed in a Salon in Paris ("Jean"

Orientalism in Art Essay
"What was the process of 'Orientalising' according to Edward Said? Discuss the notion of
'Otherness' from both a European and 'Eastern' point of view using three examples of work for
visual analysis."
The Near East or the Orient was a "place of Europe's greatest and richest and oldest colonies, the
source of its civilizations and languages its cultural contestant, and one of its deepest and most
recurring images of the Other."[1] Edward Said describes the Orient as not an inert fact of nature but
both Orient and Occident as man made.[2] The argument Said presents is that the Orient is an "idea
that has a history and a tradition of thought, imagery, and vocabulary that have given it reality and
presence in and for the West."[3] ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The exotic and romanticised perception of the East can be seen in the painting of Jean Auguste
Dominique Ingres titled "Le Bain turc." (Turkish Bath) The painting was an eroticised fantasy of
how the artist perceived women of the Orient. The women's body were drawn with some
exaggeration to fit into these notions of Orientalism as sensuality was seen as acceptable to the
exotic Orient. In line with Said's argument of how the Orient was often drawn based on the
imagination of the artist, Rome was the furthest limit of Ingres's actual travel which would mean
that he had never encountered the Orient before.[14] The work was inspired by the letters sent by
Lady Montague who recounted her visit in the women's bath in Istanbul. Taking this inspiration,
Ingres paints dozens of nude Turkish women sitting or lying on sofas with exaggerated poses,
chatting, dancing and singing. Nudity of the kind seen in the Parisian Salons would have been
unacceptable in Victorian London however by the title and the subject matter being the Eastern
world; it was allowed public access in the 1900s. A question arises whether if the title had not been
"Turkish Bath" but rather "Paris Brothel" would the public approbation have been the same? The
death of Sardanapalus by Delacroix is also a classic example of the characterization of the Orient.
The work was inspired by a play in Byron and it portrays the eastern ruler's brutal control over the
destiny of the people. However Sardanapalus is a work of

Jacques Louis David Essay
David was the virtual art dictator of France for a generation. Extending beyond painting, his
influence determined the course of fashion, furniture design, and interior decoration and was
reflected in the development of moral philosophy. His art was a sudden and decisive break with
tradition, and from this break "modern art" is dated.
David studied with Vien, and after winning the Prix de Rome (which had been refused him four
times, causing him to attempt suicide by starvation) he accompanied Vien to Italy in 1775. His
pursuit of the antique, nurtured by his time in Rome, directed the classical revival in French art. He
borrowed classical forms and motifs, predominantly from sculpture, to illustrate a sense of virtue he
mistakenly ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
During the Restoration David spent his last years in Brussels. As a portraitist he was at his most
distinguished, although he belittled this painting genre. Using living, rather than sculptured models,
he allowed his spontaneous sentiment to be revealed. In these last years his portraits, such as
Antoine Mongez and His Wife Angelica (1812; Lille) and Bernard (1820; Louvre) are enormously
vital and in them the seeds of the new romanticism are clearly discernible.
Jacques–Louis David was born into a prosperous middle–class family in Paris on August 30, 1748.
In 1757 his mother left him to be raised by his uncles after his father was killed.
He was never a good student in school– in his own words, "I was always hiding behind the
instructors chair, drawing for the duration of the class".
When David was 16 he began studying art at the Académie Royale under the rococo painter
J. M. Vien. After many unsuccessful attempts, he finally won the Prix de Rome in 1774, and on the
ensuing trip to Italy he was strongly influenced by classical art and by the classically inspired work
of the 17th–century painter Nicolas Poussin. David quickly evolved his own individual neoclassical
style, drawing subject matter from ancient sources and basing form and gesture on Roman sculpture.
His famous "Oath of the Horatii" was consciously intended as a proclamation of the new
neoclassical style in which

19th Century American Romanticism
Romanticism Romanticism was a popular movement that became popular in Europe in the
nineteenth century. Romanticism had a lasting effect on Europe and is still felt there today. The
authors state, "their ideals were more in tune with human nature" (476). Romanticism became a part
of the culture, it affected the literature, paintings, and architecture. Romanticism allowed one to
escape their everyday life, whereas realism was a style that depicted the hard, and real lives of the
middle and lower class people. Realism did not create an unrealistic scene, it was simply what was
in front of the author, artist, or architect. Romanticism and realism both took place during the
American and French Revolutions which is why Romanticism was more popular, ... Show more
Europe was the start for this movement and romanticism is still heavily felt there today.
Romanticism catered to a human's nature to have a hero sweep them off their feet. Literature,
paintings, and architecture was a part of the culture affected by the Romantic movement. There was
another movement during the nineteenth century called realism that showed the real everyday lives
of the middle and lower class people. Romanticism created another world for the people to escape
too unlike realism that showed the hard truth in front of the author, artist, or architect. Romanticism
gave the people that were fighting the French and American Revolutions a place to get away from
all the death and

Analysis Of The Farewell Of Telemachus And Eucharis
"The Farewell of Telemachus and Eucharis" by Jacques–Louis David
This painting is an oil on canvas. It was painted by Jacques–Louis David in 1818. It is depicting a
couple from Fénelon's novel, "Les Aventures de Télémaque," which was inspired by Homer's
"Odyssey." This painting was about a young mythological couple who were madly in love with each
other. Telemachus, the son of Penelope and Odysseus, and Eucharis a daughter to the goddess
Calypso were so strongly in love with each other, that they were absolutely devastated when the
lover's learned that they were going to be torn apart. The viewer sees Eucharis draping over
Telemachus before he leaves to find his father. Telemachus and Eucharis both look very saddened
that Telemachus had to leave.
"Portrait of the Sisters Zénaïde and Charlotte Bonaparte" by Jacques–Louis David
This painting was also an oil on canvas and was also painted by the same artist listed above. It was
painted in 1821 in France, depicting two sisters, Zénaïde and Charlotte Bonaparte, who are the
nieces to Napoleon. The sisters are reading a letter from their father, Joseph Bonaparte, who was
exiled in the United States when they had previously lived in Belgium. Jacques–Louis David
painted the two sisters in a way that displayed both their different ages and personalities. The oldest
sister, wearing a black v–shaped dress, is staring at the viewer and has a protective looking
demeanor towards her younger sister. The younger sister, wearing a more

Madam Odalisque and Lady Olympia
Madam Odalisque and Lady Olympia Throughout history the subject of human body and nudity has
always been a topic that artists have taken into consideration when painting, depending on the time
period that they were living in and style that they were working in. By looking at the history of art
through the 19th century, it is very clear that this subject was by far the most important and most
consistent topic throughout this specific time period. Other subject matters such as still life,
everyday life, landscapes, biblical and mythical stories and etc at some point were the most
important subjects for artists to paint due to the political, social, economical and religious status of
the city or country that they were living in. However ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In other words, he wanted the viewers to see paintings as a two dimensional surface and not three
dimensional pictures. With having such mindset, Manet's work was always being critiqued harshly
by the French Academy and the public. One of his best known paintings which like Ingres's Grande
Odalisque received very brutal critiques was his Olympia done in 1863. Manet not only wanted to
portray a modern life scene, but also wanted to make social commentaries throughout his work. In
Olympia was he was able to make a comment about the French social and sensual lifestyle. Olympia
is a painting of a reclined nude figure that appears to be a prostitute because of the title that he had
given it (during the 19th century, a professional prostitute was called an Olympia). According to the
critics Manet's figure was not known as a "nude" figure, but was known as a "naked" figure due to
the thin black ribbon that she had tied around her neck, the golden bracelet that she had around her
arm, the fashionable slippers that she was wearing and finally the Orchid flower that she had on the
side of her hair. Critics not only gave Manet a hard time because of his subject matter and the story
that he was narrating with it, but also gave him a hard time because of the "un–finished" look that he
had given to his painting by using the color patch technique. Ingres and Manet were very different in

Feminism : The New Woman, The Flapper, And The Garconne
In the rapidly shifting world of modernity, where political landscapes were changing as quickly as
the urban environment, expectations of femininity also experienced great change. During the early
20th century, particularly in Paris, a new archetype of the modern woman began to develop . Many
artists like Tamara de Lempicka, used portraiture to further perpetuate this figure. By the 1920 's this
character, known as: the New Woman, the flapper, and the garçonne, had begun to permeate public
perceptions of femininity instigating ideas of female emancipation . This woman smoked in the
streets, drove cars, was sexually liberated, and generally less reliant on her male counter parts . The
domesticated ideal of bourgeois femininity had fallen out of fashion. The unprecedented number of
women artists whom were creating portraits of other women as well as themselves unquestionably
influenced the appearance of radical femininity in Modern portraiture. Each of these women brought
with them their unique perspectives on femininity, many of which were dramatically different than
that of their male counterparts. From Mary Cassatt 's depictions of mothers and children, to
Romaine Brook's and Gluck 's dandy–esque self–portrait, or Claude Cahun and Marcel Moore 's
critical explorations of gender, these women created a new paradigm of female representation in art.
All of these artists questioned and challenged the role of women in Parisian society by representing
women in ways which were

Who Is Kehinde Wiley?
Kehinde Wiley's large–scale, brightly colored, highly patterned portraits of African American
subjects are a salute to traditional portraiture as well as a critique of the art historical focus on the
privileged male Caucasian. The artist scouts out ordinary black men of ages 18 to 25 from urban
settings to copy poses from works by master Western painters like Titian and Jean–Auguste–
Dominique Ingres. The photographs of their poses become Wiley's references for his enormous,
dazzlingly vibrant portraits. The extreme realism of the figure combined with intense color use,
decorative patterning, and larger–than–life scale all emphasize the extravagant grandeur of power
and male dominance. Wiley has radically shifted the paradigm to make a contemporary statement
about the long absence of the black male figure in historical portraiture. Wiley was born in 1977 in
crime–laden South Central, Los Angeles, and was enrolled in weekend art classes at California
State, Los Angeles, by his mother to keep him away from neighborhood dangers. He later received
his bachelor's degree in 1999 at the San Francisco Art Institute, and then a master's degree in 2001 at
Yale. His first artist residency at the Studio Museum in Harlem began his practice of street casting
black men with attitudes of self–confidence. The casting for his work has spread internationally with
his latest body of paintings, The World Stage, to locations such as China, Lagos and Dakar, Brazil,
India and Sri Lanka, Israel,

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