Murder In Romantic Poetry

Murder In Romantic Poetry
SPITALFIELDS– On November 9th, 1888, another murder occurred in a room No 13 at Millers
Court. With the same method as previous murders, this murder possibly has done by the same
person known as "Jack the Ripper" or "Whitechapel butcher". The first murder began on August
31st, 1888 when the body of a 42–year–old woman Mary Ann Nicholls was discovered in Bucks
Row with her throat cut twice and stomach hacked open. This signified the start of this serial
murder. The second victim Annie Chapman, a 47–year–old prostitute, was then found died on
September 8th. An appalling scene with Annie Chapman's stomach open (intestine on the right
shoulder, the skin of stomach on the left shoulder, missing part of the vagina and bladder), terrified
people lived ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Lady Windermere disagrees with her husband's opinion that "you and she belong to different world"
with an impressive argument: Lady Windermere. What are called good women may have terrible
things in them, mad moods of recklessness, assertion, jealousy, sin. Bad women, as they are termed,
may have in them sorrow, repentance, pity, sacrifice. Society has never given Mrs. Erlynne a chance
to make up her mistake. Such unfair standard motivates Mrs. Erlynne to leave England. From this
issue expressed through literature, concerning humanity, I believe we citizens should fight against
inequality in our Victorian society. There are no good or bad
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

Female Rebellion In Aurora Leigh and The Lady in the...
Female Rebellion In Aurora Leigh and The Lady in the Looking–Glass
Women of both the ages of Victorian and early Modernism were restricted from education at
universities or the financial independence of professionalism. In both ages, women writers often
rebelled against perceived female expectations as a result of their oppression. To lead a solitary life
as a subservient wife and mother was not satisfactory for writers like Elizabeth Barrett Browning
and Virginia Woolf. One of the most popular female poets of the Victorian era, Elizabeth Barrett
Browning, illustrated "a woman's struggle to achieve artistic and economical independence in
modern society" (Longman P.1858). Many Victorian critics were shocked by Barrett ... Show more
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She compares her aunt's life to "A sort of cage–bird life" and views her own rebellion toward the
expected role as "A wild bird scarcely fledged" (P.1866–1867, Ll.305, 311). Aurora's aunt tries
teaching the role of Victorian women with books dictating " if women do not think at all, they may
teach thinking"(P.1869, L. 427). One of the only rights of thinking given to women, was "their right
to comprehend their husbands" (P. 1869, L. 431). The limited rights were not satisfactory for Aurora,
who finds a savior to oppression of intellect through poetry. Rebelling against the limited lite rature
available, her soul is "At poetry's divine first finger–touch, / Let go of convictions and sprang up
surprised" (P.1872, L.L 850–851). Through Aurora's rebellion, she found sanctity in educating
herself with poetry. More hardened towards rebellion is the modern character of Isabella; a wealthy
spinster who "bought this house and collected with her own hands" (P.2454), a new concept for
women in the age of Modernism. The fact that Isabella has remained unmarried can be thought of as
rebellion towards the repression of women's education, world travel and financial freedom of the
previous of the still fresh Victorian era. With a husband, Isabella may not of been able to keep these
freedoms. The speaker views Isabella's freedom from a man as "twenty times more passion and
experience than those that loves are

Social Issues In The Lotus Eaters By Tennyson
Besides captivating readers through the retelling of past events, Tennyson used his poetry to
consider social issues of the Victorian era. However, unlike his rival Elizabeth Barrett Browning, he
never outright proclaimed his stance. Alternatively, Tennyson's poems rely on an active participation
from the reader to provide them with meaning. Instead of telling the reader what to believe,
Tennyson's mission was to encourage discussion about Victorian social issues. Similarly, in his
poem, The Lotus Eaters, Tennyson explores ideas about the unabashed use of opium, the Victorian
obsession with progress, and industrial advancement.
Opium maintained an unavoidable presence in Victorian society. As prevalent as Aspirin today,
opium was the pain killer ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
"Pulling yourself up by your bootstraps" was a common epithet for the period. The poem depicts the
mariner's resistance to advancing their lives as an undesirable quality. "Blight and famine, plague
and earthquake... But they smile" shows that they are committed to laziness despite what could
negatively occur (lines 160–162). The discomfort the reader feels because of their utter indifference
to atrocities, serves to highlight that apathy can have disastrous consequences. This ideal of a
commitment to working hard to improve yourself, would have resonated with the Victorian
readership at the time. Because upward social mobility was an increasingly important part of the
Victorian era, people for the first time believed that they had control over their own social standing
and through hard work, could improve

Victorian Era Research Paper
The Victorian Era started with Queen Victoria's rule from June 20, 1837 to her death on January 22,
1901.
The Victorian Era primarily describes a period of English history, where Britain saw a rise in
industrialization, growth in the economy, growth of the middle class, growth of a large population,
and a large–scale expansion of imperial power.
The society was extremely conservative and patriarchal. There was an idea called the "Cult of
Domesticity" that believed that a woman's identity should consist of piety, purity, domesticity, and
submissiveness.
However, this era saw the birth and rise of political and social movements such as socialism,
liberalism, and organized feminism.
Because of the rapid changes that occurred during the Victorian Era, it brought out rapid changes in
literature.
The most popular topics for Victorian Era novels were industrialization, class, science vs. religion,
progress, utilitarianism, the role of women in society, and how to live an "ideal" life.
This era also saw an increase of works in a large variety of subjects such as scientific works,
philosophy, nature writing, and Gothic tales.
Early Victorian works, emphasized the notion of what is "English" or what constitutes an
"Englishman". This is mostly due to how conservative the society was. Later Victorian works
rebelled against these ideas.
The novel became the most popular form of literature during the Victorian Era. Many of them were
originally serialized.
Many novels during this era helped develop our current popular genres such as fantasy and science
fiction.
There was a rise in female novelists, but they went under male pseudonyms because of how male
patriarchal the society was and female writers were often shunned.
The most popular writer of this time was Charles Dickens.
The Bronte sisters wrote many significant works, but they were not appreciated by Victorian critics.
Others famous writers include:
William Thackeray, who wrote Vanity Fair
Thomas Hardy, who wrote Far from the Madding Crowd
Oscar Wilde, who wrote The Picture of Dorian Gray
George Eliot (Mary Anne Evans), who wrote Middlemarch

Charles Dickens was the most famous Victorian novelist.
He did not get a formal education and had a poor

Elizabeth Barrett Browning Influences
The Victorian Period is marked by Queen Victoria's reign from 1837 to 1901. The Romantic Period
preceded the Victorian Period and served as a transition period between 20th–century literature. The
salvaging of themes in classical literature and medieval literature were repurposed into the writings
of the English Victorian Period. The Victorian writers exhibited well–established styles of writing
from previous eras, while at the same time pushing various customs to new and interesting
directions. Every aspect of society was unstable and suspect to change because of industrialization
and technology evolving. The economy expanded, the Church was being undermined, and factory
production increased. Some writers saw the rapid and unpredictable change ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
Browning wanted to write a novel–poem. In her book called Elizabeth Barrett Browning's Spiritual
Progress, Linda Lewis states that Mrs. Browning's poem would fill a volume and it was the romance
she had been "hankering after so long, written in blank verse" (20). In 1856, Barrett Browning
published Aurora Leigh which is her longest work. In her article Elizabeth Barrett Browning and
Expatriate Women Poetry, Allison Chapman states that Aurora Leigh "represents a decisive shift in
women's poetry away from the English poetess and toward a more muscular, political, public, epic
poetics" (4). In Victorian England, an educated woman with unusual talents had almost no
opportunity to make use of her skills in a world that was dominated by men (Chapman 4). The poem
exemplifies that a woman could live by herself in London and become prosperous. Two years after
Aurora Leigh was published Elizabeth Barrett Browning was writing again about political turmoil in
Italy. Browning published Poems Before Congress in 1860 which was about Italy struggling for
independence and unity once more. Included in the Poems Before Congress collection is "A Curse
for a Nation," which criticized slavery in America (Preston 24). In her book, Elizabeth Barrett
Browning's Spiritual Progress, Linda Lewis explains that the poet was so invested in Italian politics
that "her obsession weakened her nervous system" (18). On June 20th, 1861, her poor health took a
turn

Victorian Visual Imagination
Carol T. Christ and John O. Jordan first used the term "Victorian visual imagination" in 1995 in their
book Victorian literature and the Victorian Visual Imagination and Kate Flint re–used it five years
later in her book The Victorians and the Visual Imagination. Christ and Jordan explain that aesthetic
theorists in nineteenth–century Britain regarded the eye as the "pre–eminent organ of truth" and that
poetic theory of the nineteenth century hailed the "inward eye" and the poet's power of "painting a
picture to the inward eye", thus creating a word painting (xxii – xxiii). The painting of pictures in
one's mind's eye is seen in the poetry of Alfred Lord Tennyson where his extensive descriptions of
Nature are used to produce what Henry James called "the illusion of life" (Christ and Jordan xx).
Kate Flint'sThe Victorians and the Visual Imagination also emphasizes the role of sight in Victorian
culture. Flint states ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The prominence of visual detail in Victorian poetry reflects the importance on the accounts of
perception. Both objective and subjective accounts of perception in Victorian poetics anchor
themselves in the visual. Ruskin's conviction was that the poet's responsibility is to provide a true
account of the appearances of things.
At mid–century, Tennyson and Browning had evolved a distinct poetics from their Romantic roots:
representation of a singular subjectivity in a dramatic context that allows ironic distance and
implication; use of visual detail to mediate between subjective and objective ideas of perception;
experiments with perspectives to generate large poetic forms with ambition of social and
philosophical statement; and an embrace of elaboration Ruskin's assertion that accurate, honest
visual representation would be sufficient to penetrate nature's 'meaning', in

Charge Of The Light Brigade Essay
For over forty years, Lord Alfred Tennyson held the title of Poet Laureate. Tennyson is well
renowned and appreciated for his poetry, but it was not always like that. In his early years of writing
Tennyson was heavily criticized for his content and style, and because of this he became further
depressed for a fair portion of this beginning part of his life, due to the criticism and numerous
family problems. This dark portion of his life inspired many of his works. After this dark period of
his life started looking up and he found some light, Tennyson's meaningful poetry became popular
–– which led to his fame. Since, Lord Tennyson made such a wide name for himself –– and forged a
connection with Queen Victoria –– the Victorian Period ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Tennyson's poems connected to the Victorian era by allowing a glimpse at the Victorian temper, in
such ways as his depiction of the new scientific spirit, hypocrisy and the adulteration of mother
nature, the culture of materialism, and treatment of the Victorian complacency and languor. One
poem that represented the idea that the Victorian era presented –– the idea of speaking your mind ––
is "The Charge of the Light Brigade". This poem was written in honor of the Light Cavalry Brigade
of the British Army, who lost their lives on October 25, 1854, as part of the Battle of Balaklava ––
an episode in the Crimean War. Tennyson utilized repetition, rhythm, and vocabulary to not only
convey the foolishness of the cavalry charge, but also the intrepidity of the soldiers. "The Charge of
the Light Brigade" did cause outrage because the reviewers thought he was disrespecting the
soldiers who lost their lives in a meaningless battle. Rather, Tennyson was praising their valiance,
and reminded those to never forget what happened in that tragic war. Tennyson's "The Charge of the
Light Brigade" is just one example of how he skillfully utilizes pain in the world and flips it into a
positive message of hope or

Examples Of Romanticism In The Victorian Era
The Victorian era of British history (and that of the British Empire) was the period of Queen
Victoria's reign from 2o June 1837 until her death, on 22 January 19o1. It was a long period of
peace, prosperity, refined sensibilities and national self–confidence for Britain.Some scholars date
the beginning of the period in terms of sensibilities and political concerns to the passage of the
Reform Act 1832. Within the fields of social history and literature, Victorianism refers to the study
of late–Victorian attitudes and culture with a focus on the highly moralistic, straitlaced language and
behaviour of Victorian morality. The era followed the Georgian period and preceded the Edwardian
period. The later half of the Victorian age roughly coincided with the first portion of the Belle
Époque era of continental Europe and the Gilded Age of the United States.
Victorian literature is that produced during the reign of Queen Victoria (1837–19o1) or the Victorian
era. It forms a link and transition between the writers of the romantic period and the very different
literature of the 2oth century. The 19th century is often ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Nature, particularly wide open fields and sunny pastures, serve as Arnold's anchor in a constantly
changing world full of constantly changing people. Further, humans are able to rise above the
cluttered modern world by reflecting on the purity of nature. Sometimes, nature can cause
consternation, because it reminds the speaker that he can never quite transcend or leave society to
the extent that he desires. one good example of Arnold's use of nature is in "A Wish," in which the
speaker's dying wish is to be placed by a window as he dies, so that he may look out at the beautiful
landscape that will be there long after he is gone. Natural metaphors are woven all throughout
Arnold's poetry, typically symbolizing beauty and purity, and the human ability to

Oscar Wilde Research Paper
Oscar Wilde is one of the most celebrated playwrights and poets of the Victorian era. He led an
incredible complex life, he was a gay man living in the Victorian era and was also interested in
Catholicism. The influence of Catholicism and Christianity can be seen in many of his works. His
struggles with his sexuality are also laminated in his poetry. The two often go together, Wilde
struggled to rationalize his sexuality with Catholicism, this struggle is seen in the themes in his
poems. The religious and aesthetic themes in Oscar Wilde's poetry reflects his struggle with his
sexuality and religion.
Oscar Wilde was born in Dublin, Ireland on October 16, 1854, to parents Sir William Wilde and
Jane Wilde (Bredbeck). He was raised in a Protestant ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The speaker refers to Endymion as lover, "Be you my lover's sentinel" (Anne 8). Lover is a term for
a long time that queer couples would call each other, instead of partner or girlfriend or boyfriend.
The poem continues with the queer themes with the line, "You cannot choose but know my love"
(Anne 12). The mentality that love is not a choice is a common one in the queer community, being
gay is not a choice, so love isn't a choice. This poem showcases his sexuality in relation to his
poetry; while not having Christian themes, the religious themes of this poem are Greek. Endymion
is from a Greek myth about a very handsome sheep herder. He uses religious themes to articulate his
struggle with religion and his sexuality, in this poem he uses it to show acceptance of his sexuality.
Oscar Wilde is known as one of the best playwrights and poets of the Victorian era. His works
withstand the test of time, managing to be relatable to audiences now. He often used the figurative
freedom of poetry to express his sexuality. His infatuation with Catholicism is reflected in much of
his poetry. His struggle with his sexuality in the context of the Victorian era and his interest in
Catholicism influenced his poetry. The recurring themes of religion and aesthetics display his
struggle with the

Analysis Of The Poem ' The Angel Of The House '
"The Angel in the House"
During the Victorian Era in 1837 the period that was ruled by Queen Victoria I, women endured
many social disadvantages by living in a world entirely dominated by men. Around that time most
women had to be innocent, virtuous, dutiful and be ignorant of intellectual opinion. It was also a
time associated with prudishness and repression. Their sole window on the world would, of course,
be her husband. During this important era, the idea of the "Angel in the House" was developed by
Coventry Patmore and used to describe the ideal women who men longed. Throughout this period,
women were treated inferior to men and were destined to be the husbands "Angel in the House".
The poem Coventry Patmore is written from the husband's point of view; Patmore even praises
women throughout the poem. His praise for women only relates to his ability to benefit men.
Women are part of the poem but she is not there to be heard. The reader is meant to see her through
her husband's eyes. Patmore considers women inferior to men and stated that their only purpose is to
aid their husbands. Yet, Patmore holds his angel–wife up as a model for all women. Their
objectification of women was customary for extraordinarily complex age and is a consistent theme
in Victorian poetry.
Education was not equal between the sexes and neither between the classes. Gentlemen were
educated at home until they were old enough to attend well–known or lesser schools. A lady's
schooling was

Victorian Society During The Victorian Era
The Victorian period spawned a spiritualist movement, abandoning ordinary religion. The
movement, which ran from 1837 to 1901, was named after Queen Victoria. Economic activity
increased as the period saw the rise of the industrial revolution and advancements in various
technologies: steamships, electric power, and telephones. A prevalent aspect of the time was child
labor, which was considerably cheaper than conventional adult workers (Mullan). Likewise, women
in the Victorian period were often treated as second class citizens and needed to contend for basic
human rights. The literature of this period was quite distinct, often dealing with new and unique
topics such as: class, gothic, politics, and romanticism. Many authors during the time expressed an
extreme amount of passion in their writing, occasionally including personal conflicts. The Victorian
period was the first step to social diversity, in a time where literary criticism was on the rise, and
social class was more important than ever. The unjust social conditions that many authors faced
during the Victorian era continues to inspire literary innovations. Victorian life was always subject
to change, which constantly involved politics and technology. The introduction of the steam engine
prompted a factory boom, requiring an abundant amount of coal to be mined. With this influx of
jobs, came in equal amount of citizens willing to work. Since society had shifted towards an
industrial age, farmers migrated from their

The Elements Of Characterism In Blotte Bonte's Villette By...
Charlotte Bronte's Villette: An Emancipated Piece of Writing
Bronte's Villette (1853) is the most realistic and progressive novel. The representation of the text
leaves the impression of reality and originality in the mind of readers. While reading the text we the
readers have to turn back the pages just to check is this text actually written in the middle of the
nineteenth century. The text is written in such an observant and careful way that the readers may say
that Bronte is trying to move away from vivaciousness of her earlier text. The word emancipation
which means the process of being free from legal, social, or political restrictions that are said to be
liberation. Bronte shows the social and political emancipation of women in the novel, and how our
protagonist Lucy, who shows herself different from the fictional heroine of the time and shows
herself as a modern a heroine.
This paper is going to talk about the independent protagonist, Lucy Snowe and how she develops
herself realistically, away from the typical norms of the Victorian society. There shall be a
discussion regarding the autobiographical elements and how Bronte has shown them. A contrast
between two of the great protagonist Jane Eyre and Lucy Snowe from the remarkable works of
Charlotte Bronte Jane Eyre (1847) and Villette (1853). The contrasting elements of fiction versus
realism; description of nature versus that in the city; study of life versus Survival and self–
preservation.
Villette is considered to

Essay on Pre 1914 Love Poetry from the Victorian and...
Pre 1914 Love Poetry from the Victorian and Elizabethan Era
Conventional females were considered to be second class citizens who were expected to refrain in
conveying their natural feelings and emotions. Women were also socially neglected, as they were
expected to remain at home whilst their respective husbands ensured the upkeep of the family by
managing the family finances. The male population at this point in time ignorantly viewed women
as coy, innocent characters, seemingly unaware that women had the same feelings and emotions as
themselves.
At the time in which poets like Robert Browning lived, the majority of marriages were arranged.
Property and power were two main factors which influenced negotiations for marriage ... Show
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However, it does give us a complete impression of a Renaissance nobleman. The dramatic
monologue begins with an insight into the Duke's interest in the collection of fine artwork. In the
same way, we can establish that the Duke also enjoys the collection of women, in the way that he
introduces his next piece of art.
'That's my last Duchess...'
Line 1
The Duke seems to be a man who expects his wife to be the
'conventional' female, and abide by the strict gender roles that existed at this period in history. He
repeatedly downgrades his wife, and makes out that she doesn't appreciate the high social rank
which she has married into. He even goes as far as indicating that his wife has been unfaithful – all
an attempt to really try and justify his reasons as to why he 'gave commands'.
[She] had a heart – how shall we say? – too soon made glad.
Line 23
In this quote, Browning tells us that his 'last duchess' was easily pleased by compliments that she
received from other people. We sense that she also voices her gratitude for these compliments, and
in this way, the Duke has become disillusioned and because of this, he downgrades his wife for
basically being a nice person.

In another pretty feeble attempt to justify his actions, he tries to make his wife out as a disrespectful
person. He tells how every single gift that she received from various people 'would draw from her
alike the approving speech'. From here, the Duke

Split Sisters and Split Personalities of Goblin Market Essay
Split Sisters and Split Personalities of Goblin Market
"I have 50 different personalities, and still I'm lonely" (Amos). Perhaps everyone is truly composed
of multiple personalities embodied within one whole. Whether these split personalities are actual or
purely metaphorical, no one human being has a single sided mind, and a single sided position on
everything. Within the brain many battles are raged between opposing sides of issues, between the
personalities. "Goblin Market" is one of Christina Rosetti's "sister" poems, a form in which she used
sisters to "represent different aspects of the split personality that was caused by conflicting attitudes
and mixed emotions towards love" (Bellas 66). The two opposing young sides of ... Show more
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Lizzie is the sister who conforms to the Victorian expectations of her day. Laura is the wild,
passionate sister, unafraid to hold back her feelings. In two of the first lines involving the sisters
these personalities are developed. In response to the goblin men "Lizzie veiled her blushes" a
modest gesture, hiding her femininity. Laura, however, "bowed her head to hear." The initial
impression is of modesty from the act of bowing her head, yet a curiosity is displayed because she
bows her head to hear. Lizzie then tells Laura that she "should not peep at goblin men." This
warning seems parroted in response. A lesson told by someone that the conservative Lizzie does not
question. Despite this warning Laura "rear[s] her glossy head" to look. Laura refuses the warnings of
her Victorian era. Laura again refuses to conform and catapults the reader into the story by
"chos[ing] to linger/Wondering at each merchant man."
Unlike Lizzie who maintains the reserve taught to her by the Victorian environment, Laura
"succumbs to the attractions of the Goblin fruit," (Harrison 114), weakened by her "passionate
yearning" for the fruit. Laura with surprisingly little reluctance "clip[s] a precious golden lock" of
her hair, a symbolic gesture of giving away one of the most precious items possessed by a woman in
Victorian morals. She returns from the wild adventure to find Lizzie "full of wise upbraidings," a
rather maternal conservative

The Victorian Er The Victorian Period During The Victorian...
One of the darker and more mysterious periods in history is the Victorian Era. The nineteenth
century was a major point in literary history, with stories mostly related to supernatural beings,
poetry, and fantastic literature. There were also multiple different religions, such as Christianity and
Judaism. The people in England were very religious and went to church every sunday. Despite their
social class, women were always home and doing their housework, while men were out working to
earn money for the family. The clothing style was very formal and posh; the rich having finer cloths.
The Victorian Era was an interesting time period because of its politics, literature, society and
culture.
The political history of the Victorian Era was based on Queen Victoria and her views and outlooks
on everything. Queen Victoria was the reigning queen during the nineteenth century, with her
husband and several children. This showed femininity, which centered around family and homely
feels. She was described as the mother of the nation. She became the model of marital stability, with
her husband Albert. Their marriage was said to represent "marital harmony." Literature was
somewhat related to the political history of the family feel.
Literature during the Victorian Era had a variety of writing types. People in the Victorian Era read
and/or wrote things; such as novels, children's literature, poetry, drama, and supernatural and
fantastic literature. The

Sir Alfred Tennyson: Expression Through Poetry Essay
Alfred Tennyson was born in 1809, the fourth son of the Reverend George Clayton Tennyson, in
Lincolnshire, England. His early childhood was a combination of cooperating with numerous
siblings, engaging in a rigorous classical education forced upon him by his father, and an increasing
fear of his father's drunken violence and paranoid resentment at the children and wife. Tennyson's
fear of inherited madness, what he called "the black blood of the Tennysons", and his grief for his
friend Aurther Hallam, would be with him for much of his life and provide a basis on which he
expressed his feelings in poems. Beginning with Queen Victoria's long reign, lasting from 1837 to
1901, the Victorian Era brought about many changes. Great expansion ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
This made people question their faith and existence. Alfred Tennyson's father, George, was a
cultivated yet embittered clergyman who took his disappointment out on his wife, Elizabeth, and his
twelve children. On several occasions, he even threatened to kill Tennyson's older brother, Fredrick.
His fathers mental instability led him to drugs and drinking, creating a negative atmosphere at home.
Part of the family heritage was a strain of epilepsy. One of Tennyson's brothers was confined to an
insane asylum, another was severely addicted to drugs, a third had to be put in a mental home
because of his alcoholism, and another was intermittently confined and died relatively young. For
the rest of the children, all had at least one severe mental breakdown. Tennyson began writing
mostly to get away from the unhappy environment at home. In 1827, he joined his elder brother at
Trinity College, where he met Arthur Hallam. He and Hallam immediately took to one another,
sharing the same ideas and hardships. They were close friends the rest of their lives. The affection
and acceptance he felt from his friends brought a new texture to Tennyson's personality in his poetry.
His friendship grew even stronger when Hallam fell in love with his younger sister, Emily.
Tragically, Hallam died

Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock Essay: Stream of...
Stream of Consciousness in The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock
The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock is a uniquely styled piece of literature. In this poem Eliot
employs a literary method of writing called "stream of consciousness." This is a difficult method to
grasp outside of the literary genre to attempt to understand it within the context of the higher
language of poetry can further confuse readers.
Stream of consciousness is simply how our brain thinks. Perhaps as the teacher reads through this
poem we hear the word "Mermaid". Our minds see the singing mermaids on the rocks in "Jason and
the Argonauts" and then jump to Peter Pan and from Peter Pan to Mary Poppins. The idea of stream
of consciousness ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
His pen wanders and jumps from place to place with no apparent pattern.
I think this style of writing is also a reflection of Eliot's feelings about the time. Eliot was more of a
Modernist than Victorian poet and as such held to beliefs like: there is no higher power in the
universe, man is alone on this planet to govern his own affairs, everyone is truly alone, there is no
unity, no support, for we live in a godless heartless world (Stacey Donohue). The floating,
confusing, jumbled mix of emotions and directions in this poem mirrors the modernist image of
society.
Though he was a modernist I believe this poem is a reflection of what he saw during the Victorian
period. He says, "Do I dare/Disturb the universe?" (Eliot, Longman 2419 ll. 45–46). He speaks here,
not of the universe as you and I think –– a celestial body –– but of the universe in the sense of the
Victorian period itself. The world where everything is a mask of propriety, manners, and tradition;
this can be seen in his reference to the popular Victorian custom of afternoon tea, "Before the taking
of tea and toast." (Eliot, Longman 2419 l. 34). A word or simple action could topple a system as
balanced as this one and Prufrock struggles with the question, "Do I dare?" (Eliot, Longman 2419 l.
38). Does he dare to disturb the Victorian culture with what he has seen? His struggle is represented
by the yellow smoke/fog. This represents

Gender Roles In Oscar Wilde's The Importance Of Being Earnest
Oscar Wilde was an Irish poet born in October 1854. "In 1871, Wilde enrolled at Trinity College in
Dublin. The years from 1874–1878 were spent at Magdalen College, Oxford, where he received a
first class degree in Classics and the Newdigate Prize for poetry with his poetry submission of
Ravenna." (Bloom 11). Wilde was married to a daughter of a wealthy Irish barrister in 1884, and had
two sons in the following years. (Bloom 11). Before he died in November 1900, he wrote several
plays, including The Importance of Being Earnest. There are several themes placed throughout
Wilde's The Importance of Being Earnest, such as: gender roles, love and marriage, and society v.
hypocrisy. Gender roles are an important theme placed in The Importance of Being Earnest. "The
feminist movement has already been in full swing. Women already moved in the path of education.
With the considerable level of education, women have already started toward the direction of
freedom." (Bachelor and Master). In the play, Cecily has a governess hired by Mr. John Worthing
educating her to become more successful on her own. "Wilde presented Lady Bracknell talking
about the position of men. She says, in her talk with Gwendolen 'house is the proper place for man.' .
. . This bit of conversation reveals women have also begun to move freely in the occupational
world." (Bachelor and Master). Prism is used by Wilde, in the play, as an awakened woman who
serves as a governess to Cecily, who writes novels. Wilde averted to see the limitations of the
feminist movement. Feministically awakened and educated women to cling to more job of
governess. (Bachelor and Master). Miss Prism is used as a symbol of feminism used by Wilde in
The Importance of Being Earnest to show that women were on the move in life advancements. "In
the play, Cecily and Gwendolen discuss changing their gender roles in their conversation about male
domesticity, indicating that their belief that 'homes seems to be the proper sphere for the man.'
Marriage, however, remained most women's primary goal and occupation. Arranged marriages had
been on the decline since the late eighteenth century, but were not unknown among the Victorian
upper class." (Bachelor and Master). "LADY BRACKNELL.

Art And Criticism: The Aesthetic Movement
By the end of the Victorian age and the 19th century, a new critical movement headed by Oscar
Wilde. The Aesthetical movement came as a reaction to prevailing utilitarian Victorian social
philosophies. It argues that art and criticism as only cultivating the ennobling sensibility of beauty,
therefore, art is superior to life and criticism is superior to art. However, this criticism is so much
attacked and criticized. First of all, the Victorian society was extremely conservative. Literature, at
that time, was so much associated with moral values and ethics as it intended to come face to face
with realism. Further, the mainstream Victorian art focused on the utility and the moral message of
the work of art. Later ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Thus, Aestheticism was roundly criticized. Oscar Wild's "The Critic As Artist" was highly attacked
as it highlights the importance of the form and beauty over the content and the useful meaning of the
text. To illustrate, Wilde's essay stresses upon the fact that personal impressions of the surface
beauty of the work of art are everything needed to view it rather than analyzing its deeper meaning.
His criticism, therefore, strips the text out of its meaning and hidden messages, it

Sexuality in Aubrey Beardsley's Story of Venus and...
Sexuality in Aubrey Beardsley's Story of Venus and Tannhäuser
Aubrey Beardsley wrote The Story of Venus and Tannhäuser during the fin de siècle, the end of the
Victorian Era. This decadent work, following Baudelaire's credo "art for art's sake first of all,"
portrays sex and sexualities in a playful manner. In addition to mocking conventional Victorian
moral codes, and parodying pornographic conventions, The Story of Venus and Tannhäuser also
supports Foucault's idea that the Victorian Era witnessed a diffusion of sexualities.
The Story of Venus and Tannhäuser was originally toned down and modified for publication in 1897
in The Savoy, a magazine that Beardsley served as art editor, under the title of Under The Hill.
According to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Beardsley's readers were not to be of the common society; rather they had to be well–educated
sophisticates to understand his work.
Another pornographic convention that Beardsley broke was that the characters had "personalities
and functions in addition to sexual roles" says Zatlin (119). Also, they did not have unlimited sexual
energy, rather Tannhäuser "was rather relieved when, an hour later, Priapusa and Doricourt and some
others burst drunkenly into the room and claimed Venus for themselves" (Beardsley 34).
With the diverse accounts of sexualities and the breaking of almost all of the prerequisites for erotic
writing and pornography of the Victorian Era, Beardsley wrote a truly decadent manuscript that
defied the conventions of mainstream literature. Whether Beardsley would have completed the tale
had he lived longer, or had meant to leave it as is, an unending piece of work, is unknown. What is
known is that Venus and Tannhäuser functions only as a piece of "art for art's sake" defying the
social conventions that were applied to other works of that time. Works Cited
Beardsley, Aubrey. "The Story of Venus and Tannhäuser." Aesthetes and Decadents of the 1890's:
An Anthology of British Poetry and Prose. Ed. Karl Beckson. Chicago: Academy, 1981. 9–46.
Foucault, Michel. The History of Sexuality: An Introduction. Vol 1. New York: Vintage, 1978.
Gillette, Paul

Analysis Of The Poem ' Dover Beach ' By Matthew Arnold
Monelle Shuman
English Lit 202
K. Morefield
December 1, 2014
An Analysis of "Dover Beach" by Matthew Arnold
Dover Beach is thought to be one of the best representations of the Victorian Period all together. It
portrays the mood and tone of what the people experienced and felt at that time. Around the same
time it was written, London had just experienced a massive boom in their population, growing from
2 to 6 million citizens. At the same time, London was becoming one of the first in the country to
move towards industrialization, causing some to lose their jobs due to machinery performing them
better and faster. People began to feel useless with technology taking over so quickly. Many suffered
from the expansion during the early part, losing all hope of finding happiness and giving this
moment in time a new name; "A Time of Troubles".
Many other authors, like Matthew Arnold, began writing their personal accounts of what they
experienced or saw others experiencing, giving the feeling of melancholy. The reason why Dover
Beach represents the Victorian period is because in the way Arnold wrote it, he didn't ground
himself or stick to one specific subject. He creates a mood by using a variety of images, metaphors,
similes, and adjectives. The narrator seems lonely, not mentioning any other person around him.
One of the other major problems being experienced during this time are also represented in this
poem. That problem is the loss of faith. Because of the new developments,

Thomas Hardy 's ' Tess Of The D ' Urbervilles
The Victorian Era allowed England to become one of the most balanced and established countries
through the reign of Queen Victoria. The civil service system created labor laws, universal education
for children, and even enriched its population with the right to vote. Despite an increase of
meaningful reforms and additional welfare for the England's citizens, the interpretation of religion in
the country began to alter as well. The actions of parliament and the Victorian Society had enormous
effects on the people and the way they viewed English society. Thomas Hardy's novel, Tess of the
D'Urbervilles, depicts the consequences of uncontrollable forces on the lives of the Christians
through the form of tragedies during England's Victorian Era. The society of England in the 1800's
changed drastically through the rule of Queen Victoria and even changed the country's views of
religion and class divisions. Thomas Hardy, born on June 2, 1840, in Higher Bockhampton, Dorset,
England, was the eldest son of Thomas Hardy and Jemima Hardy. His mother influenced his love of
reading and writing, ultimately impacting his future career. Hardy grew up in a mostly rural lifestyle
and his only primary education lasted until he was sixteen years of age, before departing to become
an apprentice of John Hicks and follow in the footsteps of his father. Hardy's first choice was to
become an Anglican minister, but later changed his mind as he lacked interest in religion and did not
possess the money

Modernism: Just another Word for the 20th Century
Modernism is just another word for 20th century. It was a movement which started in the beginning
of the 20th century and carried on until about the 1960's.
To understand the reasons behind the rise of modernism, one must understand the eras that came
before it, namely the Romantic Period and the Victorian Era. Romanticism is mostly concerned with
subjectivity. Poets and others such as composers drew inspiration from their own experiences and
feelings. They exalted emotion over reason and senses over intellect. Romanticists also loved (drew
inspiration from) nature and often used it in their poems or compositions.
Whereas in the Victorian era (which came after the Romantic Period), the subject matter for poetry
was often socially–oriented. Victorian literature often saw a drive for social advancement. There was
a set of standards and codes of conduct making people have, what was seen as "proper" behaviour.
This in turn led to Modernism.
The Modernist Period was first a reaction against the previous Victorian culture. Intellectuals and
artists of the 20th century believed that the previous era's way of doing things was a cultural dead
end and they wanted to break away from traditions.
What further contributed to the rise of modernism was the First World War, which shell–shocked
many. People lost their sense of certainty and it made them change their points of views. It made
modernists question civilisation. This is seen in T.S Eliot's poem "The Wasteland" which questions

The Transformation of the Role of Women within Victorian...
The role of women during the Victorian Era has been a prevalent topic over the course of the
semester. Women during that time had limited rights, and the rights they did have were equivalent to
that of children. Domesticity, caring for their husband and children was the focus of their livelihood.
As England continued to grow and industrialize, women became more marginalized, while men
continued to grow into dominant members of society, this is known as the notion of separate
spheres. The notion of separate spheres was not limited to the role women and men had in the home,
but extended into the streets and the workplace. Men were seen as formidable, intellectual, and the
governing sex; whereas, women on the other hand, were disregarded as emotionally unstable,
dominated by their sexuality, and submissive to men's wants and desires. Women were not only
given limited rights to the roles they had in society, but also were not given the right to choose
whom they wanted to marry. A majority of women had no other option but to marry as a way to
maintain their livelihood, unless they were members of high social standings. Additionally, the
rights of a woman were again lessened after she wed. The moment a woman married, she
automatically became the property of her husband. The limited rights she had before were stripped
away: her property, identity, and value ceased to exist the moment she became the helpmate to a
man. The ideology of the role women played did not

What Are The Characteristics Of The Victorian Era
The Victorian Era was a period of great change in English literature where most works were directly
influence by social and political problems of 19th century England. The Victorian Era was a period
spanning Queen Victoria's reign from 1837 to 1901. This period proceeded the Romantic period in
English History which had poetry as its main source of literature. Nevertheless, the most important
genre in the Victorian Period was the novel. In contrast, the Romantic Era, the era prior to the
Victorian Era, most influential genre was poetry. Most of the major literary artist came from
England, even though, there were also authors from other countries in the same time period of the
Victorian Era. To demonstrate, some of these authors were: Mark ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Undoubtedly, the literature of this era was relatively easier to read than works from other eras, the
plot was more interesting and easier to understand, and the main protagonist of the novel were the
same people who read it (first person point of view) so the reader was deeply involved in the
character's feelings and adventures. Moreover, the setting of the novels was big, well known, cities
that the reader probably already is familiar with. The Victorian literature characteristics were mostly
composed of social issues that plagued the middle class, and the major changes the population were
seeing with industrialization. Some notable characteristics were for example: industrialization, as
seen with Charlotte Brontë novel "Shirley"; serialization, as seen with Charles Dickens "The
Woman in White"; social class, taking for example Jane Austen's novel "Pride and Prejudice";
Science vs. Religion, the idea that science could explain what religion could not was challenged by
Charles Darwin in his book "The Origin of the Species"; progress, as is the case for Gerge Eliot's
novel "The Middlemarch"; and finally, utilitarianism, being manifested in Charles Dickens's novel
"Hard Times". Most of the characteristics are caused by Britain's social, industrial, and political
changes

Doubt In God
Victorian Doubt in God: Alfred Tennyson's In Memoriam
          When I first got this
assignment I racked my brain for a topic that would interest me as well as something I could learn
from. When I came across Alfred Lord Tennyson it sparked my interest and as I read on I decided
that I would write about him. My next decision was to pick one of his poems to research. I finally
chose In Memoriam I read the background on it and it interested me. In Memoriam is very long so
I'm only going to discuss some it. But I want to begin by discussing the Victorian Doubt in God. In '
Characteristics';, Carlyle discusses the same doubt in God that Tennyson feels in In Memoriam, a
doubt that ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
           In a characteristically
Victorian manner, Tennyson combines a deep interest in contemporary science with an unorthodox,
even idiosyncratic, Christian belief. In Memoriam, which he wrote between 1833 and 1850 contains
his most important confrontations with contemporary science, particularly with geology and
biology. Drawing upon Charles Lyell's Principles of Geology (1830–1833), Tennyson anticipated
Darwinian conceptions of evolution and their implications, such the extinction of entire species,
including man.            As
Voltaire once said, 'If God did not exist, it would have been necessary to invent him.'; Human beings
hunger for an understanding of why things are as they are. Organized religion had simply been
bested in performing that function by the natural sciences. Consequently, its popularity dropped
considerably. Such an understanding had prompted Comte's philosophy of positivism, which
asserted that mankind, was progressing from a point when it would rely on science for
understanding instead of 'superstition';. In Memoriam presents the long struggle of a man trying to
make sense of a world and a God that has taken his friend. In the process the concept of typology
incorporates evolutionary

How Ww1 Changed British Literature
World War One began on July 28, 1914 and ended with the signing of the armistice on November
11, 1918. The war cost a total of one hundred eighty–six billion dollars. The total casualties of the
war were thirty–seven million, with another eleven million civilian casualties. The British Empire
alone lost over three million people in the war. (English) World War One effected the whole world–
the heartache and bloodshed changed politics, economics, and public opinion. This war changed
people's lives, but it also changes their way of thinking and their way of writing. After World War
One British literature was changed from simple stories to a more realistic and meaningful approach
to life.
Nineteenth century England is what most historians ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The three notable poets of the Victorian age became similarly absorbed in social issues. Beginning
as a poet of pure romantic escapism, Alfred, Lord Tennyson, soon moved on to problems of
religious faith, social change, and political power. All the characteristic moods of his poetry, from
brooding splendor to lyrical sweetness, are expressed with smooth technical mastery. His style, as
well as his peculiarly English conservatism, stands in some contrast to the intellectuality and bracing
harshness of the poetry of Robert Browning. Matthew Arnold, the third of these mid–Victorian
poets, stands apart from them as a more subtle and balanced thinker– his literary criticism is the
most remarkable written in Victorian times. His poetry displays a sorrowful, disillusioned pessimism
over the human plight in rapidly changing times, a pessimism countered, however, by a strong sense
of duty. (English) World War One was an event that changed literature throughout England and the
world. People felt lost, broken and disheveled after the war. This is obvious when you see the
change in literature after the war. Literature after the war, or post–war literature, is different from the
literature during the Victorian age. "The optimism of previous decades was abandoned and a bleak,
pessimistic outlook on life

Difference Between The Era Of Queen Victoria And The...
Twinkle Khanna student of BA (Hons) English,Semester 3rd doing my summer project on the topic
"MATTHEW ARNOLD AS A VICTORIAN POET".The era of Queen Victoria's reign(1837–
1901).The period is sometimes dated from 1832 (the paasage of the first Reform Bill). It was a
period of intense and prolific activity in literature,especially by novelists and poets,philosophers and
essayists.Much of the writing was concerned with contemporary social problems for instance the
effect of the industrial revolution ,the influence of the theory of evolution ,movements of political
and social reform..The poetry of Victorian era was a continuation of romanticism.the Victorian era
produced many different poets,novelist among which one was MATTHEW ARNOLD .He was
considered ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Clear , direct and elegant , it reflects most attractively his own high breeding ,but it is also eminently
forceful ,and marked by very skillfull emphasis and reiteration . One of his favorite devices is a
pretense of great humility , which is only a shelter from which he shoots forth incessant and pitiless
volleys of ironical raillery , light and innocent in appearance , but irresistible in aim and penetrating
power he is certainly one of the masters of polished effectiveness . As seen in his famous sonnet
how he praises Shakesperes objectivity above

Satire: The Importance Of Being Earnest By Oscar Wilde
The importance of being Earnest by Oscar Wilde uses satire to criticize the aspects of marriage. Jack
and Algernon both try to find what's considered love in the Victorian age. Wilde satirizes what love
was considered in marriage during the Victorian age. Algernon's views on proposal and loves
supposed associations with names shows the portrayed satire on marriage. Algernon doesn't believe
in the traditional ways of marriage. While Algernon is talking to Jack about marriage Algernon
states "there is nothing romantic about a definite proposal" (Reinert,15). Wilde satirizes the
traditional ways of a marriage proposal. While Gwendolen and Jack are talking Gwendolen states
that it's "ideal to marry a man named earnest" and when she found out Algernon had a friend named
earnest she said "I knew I was destined to love you" (Wilde, 1,945) Wilde satirizes love in
association with the name Earnest. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
While at Algernon's house Jack ask Gwendolyn to marry him. To which the mother starts to ask Jack
some questions "What is your income?" and Jack says "seven to eight thousand a year and the
mother says "this is satisfactory" (Wilde, 1,947). Wilde uses this to poke fun at the idea of marriage
in the Victorian age which he proves was based solely for making money. Algernon states "the
number of women who flirt with their husband is perfectly scandalous" (Reinert,15). Wilde satirizes
the idea that in marriage it's wrong for women to flirt with their husbands which in a normal
relationship that would be normal, but Wilde shows in his play that in the Victorian age it wasn't

Essay on Victorian Age
The Year 1837 was very significant. It was not only the year that
Queen Victoria acceded the throne, but also the year that a new literary age was coined. The
Victorian Age, more formally known, was a time of great prosperity in Great Britain's literature. The
Victorian Age produced a variety of changes. Political and social reform produced a variety of
reading among all classes. The lower–class became more self–conscious, the middle class more
powerful and the rich became more vulnerable. The novels of Charles Dickens, the poems of Alfred,
Lord Tennyson and Robert Browning, the dramatic plays of Oscar Wilde, the scientific discoveries
of the Darwins, and the religious revolt of Newman all helped to enhance learning and literacy in the
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
As the nineteenth century proceeded, these traditional customs were put into question by Erasmus
Darwin and his grandson, Charles Darwin. Erasmus Darwin found that the world was not created in
seven days in Zoomina, where he discovered that the evolutionary theory was unscientific. Charles
Darwin wrote Origin of the Spec ies, causing full scale controversy in Europe. Darwin said that
species survive and evolved by natural selection, or the survival of the fittest. The public debate over
the evolution marked for Victorians a radical change in intellectual and religious life.
The literature of the first four decades of the Victorian period could not help but reflect the social
and intellectual controversies of the era. Writers including Matthew Arnold and John Ruskin
attacked the problems directly, while Charles Dickens, George Eloit and
Alfred Lord Tennyson dramatized the conflicts and challenges in their works.
The most popular form for this type of dramatization was the novel.
Victorian novels represented almost every aspect of nineteenth century
Victorian life. Though poetry and prose were certainly distinguished, it was the novel that ultimately
proved to be the Victorians special literary achievement. The Victorian novel's most notable aspect
was its diversity. The Victorian period produced a number of novelists whose work today would fit
between

Elizabeth Barrett Browning Research Paper
The Victorian period became one of the greatest influential times in literature. The characteristics of
Victorian literature were detailed realism, social responsibility and enthusiasm for reforms. During
the Victorian period, people saw the birth of industrialization. Enormous changes occurred in the
political and social life in England. Nevertheless the industrial revolution was the birth of technical
and scientific ideology. Europe during this time saw the increase in wealth but also the increase in
poverty. In addition Factors played a big role in the wealth of Europe because of the ability of mass
production. The Victorian period was also a time of transition when women and kids were allowed
to work in factors because fathers were not able to provide on their own. Elizabeth Barrett Browning
was a poet who was ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
These reforms attacked the political and social treatment of the urban poor. The common masses
insisted in reforms because of the hardships they had dealt with, while working in factories. The
urban poor wanted social reforms that were able to touch upon the mistreatment of factor owners. In
her closing statement, Elizabeth Barrett Browning attacks the government by saying, " 'How long, O
cruel nation, will you stand, to move the world, on a child's heart?"( lines 93–94), this line in the
final paragraph of the poem has Browning pleading with the country of England to reform the
working conditions of their common mass and save the lives of the unfortunate children. Browning
was tired of these children being forced to work under unsanitary conditions while working long
hours. Cry of the Children, is Elizabeth Barrett Browning trying to rise awareness within her
country to protect the children and not letting them continue to die in these factories. Browning
know these children do not have a voice of their own, she is willing to stand up to her country to
protect those who cannot protect

On the Entrapment and Incarceration of the Victorian...
Thomas Blackburn describes the two Victorian poets, Robert Browning and Alfred, Lord Tennyson
as being great contemporaries (47). As such it is apt that their works should muse upon and explore
similar topics and themes. Their connection is especially evident in Browning's "My Last Duchess"
and Tennyson's "The Lady of Shalott". The themes of entrapment and incarceration feature heavily
in both of these works. Specifically, it is the entrapment and incarceration of women which pervade
their respective compositions. When taking into consideration the way in which women were
viewed at this juncture in history– being nothing more than "beautiful objects" (Gilbert and Gubar
54), it is quite easy to see how the literary representations of the ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
While the Duke of Ferrara never explicitly verbalizes the Duchess' fate, it is strongly implied that
she died as a result of her inability to conform to his model of appropriate behaviour: –And if she let
Herself be lessoned so, nor plainly set Her wits to yours, forsooth, and made excuse –E'en then
would be some stooping; and I choose Never to stoop. Oh sir, she smiled, no doubt, Whene'er I
passed her; but who passed without Much the same smile? This grew; I gave commands; Then all
smiles stopped together. There she stands As if alive (Browning, My Last Duchess, lines 39–47)
Thus the Duchess is bound to the Duke and has become imprisoned within his art collection as
nothing more than a possession. The Duke exemplifies this view when he makes reference to
another piece of his art collection, as if the current and previous subjects of his monologue were
completely analogous, "Notice Neptune, though/ Taming a sea horse, thought a rarity/ Which Claus
of Innsbruck cast in bronze for me! (Browning 54–56), he truly appreciates both pieces with similar
enthusiasm. Although the Duchess is allocated no space to give her side of the story, through the
Duke's depiction the reader can infer that she was killed for having her own free will and as such
there is zero doubt that she is a victim of imprisonment of the Duke's egocentric ideals. While he
puts an adulterous spin on her actions, by declaring: She had A heart– how shall I say?–

The Journey Of English Literature
Assignment 3
Sargon Nissan
English literature
English literature is hundreds of years' old which is full of historical events and creative ideas of
human beings that has lived in the certain eras. English literature comprised of drama and poetry.
The journey of English literature started with the Anglo–Saxon or in other words old English which
currently not in use with the people in the society. Remarkable period of English literature was in
queen Elizabeth (1558–1660). English literature plays a major role in every human being today. The
two main eras that contributed to English literature is Victorian era and renaissance era. So today in
the below findings and according to my knowledge of English literature we are going to focus one
major ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Victorian period formally begins in 1837 and ends in 1901. The Victorian era was from 1832–
1901, which was a period of dramatic change in the world over, and especially in England. with the
rapid extension of colonialism through large portions of Africa, Asia, and the West Indies, making
England a prominent center of world power and relocating the perceived center of Western
Civilization from Paris to London. The population of London, exceeded from 2 million to 6.5
million during the Victorian era. This era evidenced a marked change due to industrialization away
from a way of life based on the ownership of land to a modern urban economy based on trade and
manufacturing.
The church had the significant impact on people's life during the Renaissance. If we want to
compare between the literature during the two periods, Victorian era and Renaissance we can see
that the style of writers by writing their books, novels and theaters were different. In Victorian era
Lord Tennyson (1809–1892) one of the most important and representative voices of this changing
age of this era. As Poet Tennyson until his death, he gave voice to the sentiments of his time in
carefully–crafted narrative poetry. While in renaissance era Shakespeare got the prominent place in
English

Bishop Orders His Tomb at Saint Praxed's Church and The...
Bishop Orders His Tomb at Saint Praxed's Church and The Love Song of Alfred J. Prufrock
The span of time from the Victorian age of Literature to the Modernism of the 20th century wrought
many changes in poetry style and literary thinking. While both eras contained elements of self–
scrutiny, the various forms and reasoning behind such thinking were vastly different. The Victorian
age, with it's new industrialization of society, brought to poetry and literature the fictional character,
seeing the world from another's eyes. It was also a time in which "Victorian authors and intellectuals
found a way to reassert religious ideas" (Longman, p. 1790). Society was questioning the ideals of
religion, yet people wanted to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
"Do I live, am I dead?" (13) reveals the uncertainty of the bishops thoughts as he contemplates
death, wondering if others see that he deserves such a fine tomb. In Eliot's poem, Prufrock poses his
own questioning, "Do I dare?" (38) and "Do I dare/ disturb the universe?" (45–46) which reflects his
own personal conflict as he struggles to decide on whether he should take action, any action in his
own life.
Although these monologues contain the same elements of self questioning, they are vastly different,
both in style and in tone. The bishop of Browning's poem sees himself as a great man, "How I
earned the prize!" (33). He orders this stately tomb of "lapis" (102) and "antique black basalt" (53–
54), a tomb so rich such as a king or queen might be deserving of. This gives us a clear picture that
he thinks highly of himself, and he wants others to see the same, even after he is dead, the tomb
much like a shrine of great importance.
In contrast, Alfred J. Prufrock of Eliot's poem, feels no such greatness in himself. He is filled with
vast uncertainty so that every small decision is wrought with conflict, and as such, he never does
anything. "I have measured out my life with coffee spoons" (51) shows us that his life was
characterized by small measures, having done no great work. "I am no prophet" (84) and "Am an
attendant lord, one that will do" (112) characterizes his view of himself,

Summary Of Elizabeth Barrett-Browning And Oscar Wilde's...
Welcome back to another episode of 'Poetry Aloud', today we'll be exploring the tumultuous period
known as the Victorian Era. A time of societal upheaval, poets who were motivated by their negative
experiences of humanity used poetry as a vehicle to change the nature of attitudes in Victorian
England. Within the pantheon of Victorian poets, Elizabeth Barrett– Browning and Oscar Wilde
illustrated this changeable nature of Victorian England through attempting to transform the values
contemporary to their time by challenging injustices within their society. As an era of emerging
industrialisation and suppressive puritanical values, Browning and Wilde called for societal and
legislative change through accentuating the suffering experienced by ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Considering that Browning heard the actual cries of the children whom she so poignantly bemoans
in her poem, it is evident that her ballad is rather a cry for the children. Her didactic poem is an
articulate attempt to motivate legislative change for exploited children through challenging the
injustices they experienced from their suppressors, in which she questions if they "ask [children]
why they stand weeping sore... in our happy Fatherland?" This rhetorical question challenges those
that exploit the young for the sake of their own selfish prosperity through contrasting the misery of
exploited children against the shallow exuberance of industrialised England. Browning further
elucidates the abhorrence of child labour by offering exploited children a voice to reveal their
experiences of suppression, in which she uses direct speech to portray them as commenting that "'It
is good when it happens,' say the children, 'That we die before our time!'" Browning protests for
change through challenging the obscenity of child labour, highlighting that death seems to be an
alluring alternative to the misery exploited children experienced as they are crippled by the
suppressive machine of industry. Browning uses poetry as a vehicle to protest for legislative change
through challenging the

Gender In Victorianism
Hector Maciel Prof. Hampton
Unit Code:
9/29/17
Victorianism
Victorianism is the cultural influence orchestrated by the reign of Queen Victoria from the year 1837
to the year 1901. The dominant notions of these times were moralizing, prudish, repressed and old
fashion, as opposed to traditional. The above elements of culture traversed across the English
society to other parts of America, influencing how people dressed and celebrated. The central ideas
of Victorianism emerged during the period of early Victorianism. Significant developments during
this period included science, economics, and social lifestyle. In terms of politics, there was the
introduction of democracy and parliamentary system of governance. This was also the time that the
Anglicanism, through the Church of England stroke a balance with other Catholic communities. The
dominant social values during the period of Victorianism were patriarchal families and well–defined
roles of mothers and fathers.
Construction of gender during Victorianism. Prior to the Victorianism period, the roles of men and
women had no specific definition. Victorianism brought a sharp definition of gender roles with
father specializing in specific tasks different from mothers. Formerly, the women and men could
easily work alongside each other. During the onset of Victorianism, many men got into formal
employment that entailed traveling long distances to work in different professions. Men left behind
their wives at home to take care

The Period Of Victorian Times
Late–Victorian civilians had no hope or faith left by the end of Queen Victoria's reign. Victorian
poets either attempted to change the mind and hearts of Victorian people for the benefit of the throne
or attempted to raise awareness for the benefit of progress over the course of the era's entirety.
Nineteenth century England reached its height as a world imperial power and had changed as
dramatically as it had in all of its history combined during this time (Greenblatt 2145). The
population of London grew from two million to over six million and industrial production
techniques had a profound impact on everyone in all aspects of life in their culture (2145).
Unregulated industrialization created great prosperity for a few, but it created ... Show more content
British parliament passed a reform bill that adapted voting right in order to reflect the population
growth (2146). This Reform Bill marked the beginning of a new age of political power. The 1830–
1840s became known as the "Time of Troubles" because of industrialization which caused a domino
effect of trouble for the masses (2146). Working conditions were awful, especially in the mines and
factories and for the women and children already in poverty that were forced to work in these
conditions (2146). Literature of the period focuses on the plight of the poor and the new urban
reality of industrial England (2148). Writers often commented that there were two England's...
Wealthy England and Poor England (2149). As of 1837 just half of England's population was
literate, however that figure continued to grow because of an imperial push for education even
though in the early and mid–Victorian periods women had very limited access to education until
1870 (2148).
Among the early–Victorian poets is the very well–known, Alfred (Lord) Tennyson who offered ideas
of hope in many of his works as long as trusted the crown and/or were wealthy. The work that stands
out the most addressing commoners is The Lady of Shalott which maintained a strong influence
throughout the entirety of the Victorian era (although written and revised in the early period). As
official poetic spokesman for the reign of Victoria, Tennyson felt called

Essay on How WW1 Changed British Literature
World War One began on July 28, 1914 and ended with the signing of the armistice on November
11, 1918. The war cost a total of one hundred eighty–six billion dollars. The total casualties of the
war were thirty–seven million, with another eleven million civilian casualties. The British Empire
alone lost over three million people in the war. (English) World War One effected the whole world–
the heartache and bloodshed changed politics, economics, and public opinion. This war changed
people's lives, but it also changes their way of thinking and their way of writing. After World War
One British literature was changed from simple stories to a more realistic and meaningful approach
to life.
Nineteenth century England is what most historians ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Charles Dickens was the reason that the new spirit of realism came along in the nineteenth century.
Dickens's novels of contemporary life exhibit an amazing ability to create living characters. Also,
Dickens is known for his different style of humor and parody. Thomas Hardy wrote about other
people's encounters with fate and circumstances, his outlook on life seems pessimistic when you
read most of his novels. "Wells's novels often seem to be sociological investigations of the ills of
modern civilization rather than self–contained stories." (English) H.G. Wells wrote novels based on
his experiences in life, he wrote about what he thought would go wrong or what was wrong with the
society that he was surrounded by.
Poets of the nineteenth century tried to tell stories through poetry. They also experimented with
perspective and character. "'Amours de Voyage' is a long epistolary poem that tells the story of a
failed romance through letters written by various characters." (Abrams) "Amours de Voyage" is an
example of how Victorian poets tried to play with their characters. Victorian poets tried to make
their story come alive by using great detail, this way the reader could draw a visual picture from the
words on the paper. This picture that the author creates carries the emotion of the entire poem. The
sound that a poem had during this time made all the difference. The way that a poet used alliteration,
emphasis and different vowel sounds

Elizabeth Barrett Browning's Poetry
Elizabeth Barrett Browning's poetry was particularly prevalent while she was alive. "Sonnets from
the Portuguese" proved to be her most popular work. Browning was born Elizabeth Barrett on
March 6, 1806; she was the firstborn of 11 siblings. Her life was closely guided by her father,
Edward Moulton Barrett. Browning was a talented reader, though she never attended any formal
education, and the young woman began writing poetry very early. At the age of thirteen, her father
had her epic "the Battle of Marathon" published. At the age of fifteen, Browning contracted a
nervous disorder, causing headaches, weakness and fainting spells, which lasted for the rest of the
poet's life. Elizabeth Barrett's relationship with poet Robert Browning yielded ... Show more content
For her, however, no confusion exists: God is Love, and Robert Browning's love brought concrete
form to the concept: in a Platonic sense, it gave form to the formless." She concludes that, in Barrett
Browning's understanding, the "flame of love is divine in origin; it burns through lovers; its fire
distills all lesser metal out; what remains is the pure essence." Radley places such emphasis on the
comparison of divine and impure love because Browning asserted that all love is purified in

Murder In Romantic Poetry

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