The Gods Must Be Crazy Analysis

The Gods Must Be Crazy Analysis
The movie The Gods Must Be Crazy allows the viewer to witness many differences between the
Bushmen and the South African cultures. The Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck Model provides a way to
compare and contrast the similarities and differences. It is amazing to see that these drastically
different cultures are able to live in such close proximities and still lead such different lives. This
movie helps see how people that so different from each other interact. One's culture guides their
intercultural communication. Being provided with a little knowledge on each culture it is possible to
analyze how individuals are able to give and receive information from people different from
themselves.
"What is the basic nature of people?" People can be viewed as good, evil or a mixture of both. This
movie shows that there is clearly a mixture of both. In Xi's culture, it is apparent that they generally
assume everyone to be good. This is how Xi presented himself throughout the entire movie. None of
his actions were fueled by negative feelings. He is always ready to share and or help others. When
he became hungry during his long journey to the end of the earth he wanted to share the food he
would obtain. This was a selfless act many others would not do. Living in such a small community,
it is crucial that all of the family members are selfless to survive. In a culture where only one's
family makes up the community there would be no reason to have an evil outlook. The good nature
is also shown
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What Is Animal Trickters Of West African Folktales?
Have you ever wanted to read about different folktales from different cultures?! Well today is your
lucky day, i'm going to be talking about three different kinds. The first story will be coming from
africa, then the second story will be coming from Europe, and last but definitely not last from Asia.
So keep reading to learn and read about their folktales. "The African folktales are about animal
tricksters often describe how helpless creatures manage to outwit fierce animals. One of the most
important animal tricksters of West African legends is Anansi, who acts on behalf of the sky god,
Nyame. Anansi became the King of All Stories after proving to Nyame that he could trick a jaguar,
hornets and a fairy. Anansi is often depicted as a spider,

Khoikhoi Hottentots
A group of indigenous people, Bushmen, live in Southwestern Africa and are among the most
ancient population groups in the world. They are characterized with an average height of five feet,
unique facial features, and a lighter skin color than the taller Bantu populations that have greatly
displaced them. They maintained their way of life, hunter–gatherer and pastoral herding, until very
recently; the poor economy is one of the main reasons that the Bantus, with their more productive
agricultural methods, were able to displace and assimilate many of the Bushmen populations.
Descendants of the Stone Age, Bushmen inhabited the regions of southern Africa for around 30,000
years, and are also known as Khoikhoi, Hottentots, and San. They are a division of the Khoisan
ethnic group, a rich tradition of oral history that details the exploits of their gods and heroes. ...
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They called Bushmen "Hottentots," which meant stutter, because of the clicking sounds they made
when they communicated. The Dutch considered them subhumans and pushed them into the
Kalahari. They also imported Zulu warriors to aid in fighting against the Bushmen. The only choices
they had were to fight, die, or be captured. Most Bushmen didn't want to be captured because they
knew they were going to be converted to slaves. After a hundred years, the genocide slowly
continued, forced to servitude.
In 1809 the so–called "Magna Carta of the Hottentots" required Khoisan to register and carry a pass
or risk being arrested as vagabonds. Fortunately there were a few exceptions to this cruel situation.
For example Van der Kemp married a Khoikhoi woman, and complained to London the ways the
Khoisan were enslaved.Their charges of cruelty and murder were investigated by judges in what was
called the "black circuit". But the Bantu attacks continued, in this case the Xhosa, with continued
raiding and many Khoisan were killed, these Xhosa raids ended up in an open

Sociology Paper 2
Running Head: My View of Lee's Eating Christmas in the Kalahari Page 1 My View of Lee's Eating
Christmas in the Kalahari A Lynn Byrne My View of Lee's Eating Christmas in the Kalahari Page 2
Abstract My view of the bushmen teaching humility in their Christmas practice is contained in this
paper based on the information gleaned from Lee's article Eating Christmas in the Kalahari. I list
excerpts from the article and our textbook to illustrate my views. Also, I address how the tribe is an
agent of socialization and is a representation of Gemeinschaft. I talk about the difference ... Show
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However, soon Richard learned that it was a custom of the !Kung that no matter what a person did
they would put him down in order to keep his arrogance in check (Lee 1–4). This practice teaches
humility. No matter what a bushman does all the other people would put him down, as to not fuel his
ego. By teaching humility as a social norm this tribe showed it was an agent of socialization (family,
religion, peer group, school, workplace, My View of Lee's Eating Christmas in the Kalahari Page 4
media and technology, government) (Schaefer, 83–89). Richard learned that it was his power in the
community, status (term used by sociologists to refer to position in a larger group) (Schaefer, 100),
that led to them fooling him about his big ox. He was the only source of tobacco for hundreds of
miles so that put him on a pedestal because of his achieved status within the tribe. In order to put
him in his place the bushman made him feel bad by telling he was ruining their Christmas festival
with the "bag of bones" he bought even though it was a beautiful animal (Lee 1–4). Even in small
tribes status plays a significant role, and the bushmen feel that no matter your status you should have

Globalization And Globalization
Although developing countries and United States differentiate each other by dependence of their
production on labour, and human and physical capital respectively, the production will shift to the
nations with cheap labour, once technology is comprehended better. 2. American and Indian
Computer Professionals Although India, in comparison with United States, has an absolute
advantage in programming and technology innovation production, India and US will keep designing
programmes and technology innovation respectively depending on the nature of capital conveniently
available to each of them. 3. Diasporas Although host countries are already facing increase in
diaspora–phobia, there is an alarming upsurge in this trend which is mainly due to five factors linked
to globalisation. 4. Al–Gore While Al Gore, US politician–turned–movie maker, contradicts with
IPCC's findings by exaggerating the fear about rise in sea level, melting of ice, extinction of polar
bear, and deaths all due to temperature increase, the most accurate research claims that global
warming will save lives. 5. London Although London, evolved in 1698, had suffered from many
disasters and threats like Sea bubble, living–cost hike, inferior transport system, and terrorism
threats, it has now overtaken New York rivals in exchange and bond market. 6. Beauty Contest
While Australian believe that woman can be judged by physical appearance, and so Australian girls
are over–conscious about their diet, the opponents of

The Gods Must Be Crazy Essay
The Gods Must Be Crazy The record "The Gods Must Be Crazy" delineates the ideal differentiation
between the advancement of the Bushmen and modern human civilisation done the associations
between mingled individuals from every one of these same distinctive societies. The taste contrasts
apparent inch the characters' activities, values and varying humankind sees. The record paints
Associate in Nursing outstanding likeness of the contrasts between individual societies, as well as
the prejudice that runs bundle of area to all. The start of the film differentiates the Bushmen of the
Kalahari Desert with the inhabitants of a present day city(1980). Specifically, the motion picture
concentrates on the distinctive relationship to time and space (the timekeepers of the cutting edge
city, the need to re–adjust ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The activity starts when a passing pilot drops a coke bottle out the window over the desert and one
of the bushmen takes the bottle back to the tribe. While the bottle is a miracle to them (making
numerous errands less demanding, and serving as an extraordinary musical instrument) the tribe
soon goes wrong and starts quarreling about who gets the opportunity to utilize the coke bottle. An
essential topic in the whole film is the strong cultural value of possession. Xi's tribe lives in the
Kalahari desert, an area with few resources. But instead of feeling sorry for themselves and
denouncing their sorry lives, his people cherish and worship everything that the divine beings made
for them. The refinements in the observations and tastes of the two social orders are amazing. There
are a couple of sharp contrasts that get to be noticeable through the practices and contemplations of
the characters in the film. The essential such differentiation is in every

Humility Among the Kung! Essay
Humility is a valuable attribute in the character of an individual, in society and in a culture.
Cultivating this value in can be learned through psychological exercise, misfortune, costly mistakes,
and various other methods. Such was the case with Ontah, the anthropologist in the story, "Eating
Christmas in the Kalahari."
As an expression of gratitude towards the !Kung Bushmen and there families for there cooperation,
Ontah purchased the largest meatiest ox he could find for the Christmas festivities. After living with
the !Kung Bushmen for three years, with experience and observation of the Tswana–Herrero custom
of slaughtering an ox for Christmas, makes it apparent that Ontah's ox was not the choice of a
novice.
As the word circulated ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
But his driven passion for anthropology superceded his desire to run in shame. The Christmas
morning slaughtering and distribution of this so called old skinny ox would be the perfect
opportunity to observe the reaction of the Bushmen when the meat supposedly would run out. That
Christmas morning the ox was slaughtered with one shot to the head. As the men prepared to
butchered the ox, with Ontah standing close by to observe the quality of his pick, it became clear
that this ox was more than sufficient to feed everyone. Ontah celebrated the abundance of fat, meat
and large bones of the ox. Mingle with his celebration was the laughter of the Bushmen at Ontah's
relief of frustration. Ontah realized that the joke was on him. This was no consolation to his baffling
experience. But it brought on more misunderstanding as to why would the whole village play such a
terrible joke on him?
Through investigation of his informants, the lesson behind the joke became clear. These people live
very close to the earth. They hunt for their food. When a hunter brings in a kill, it is unacceptable for
him to be braggadocios about it. So when the hunters are successful, there efforts and there rewards
are always belittled. One informant explained to Ontah that if a young hunter kills a large beast he
feels like he is a big man and everyone else is inferior. This is not acceptable. If a

Essay about Primitive vs.Civilized in the Movie the Gods...
Primitive/Civilized
In the film "The Gods Must Be Crazy" by Jamie Uys, there is a contrast between the primitive and
the civilized society. The civilized society has come a long way since its primitive days. Its hard to
imagine that there are still people in this world that live without the advantages and developments of
a civilized society. Those living in a civilized society would must likely believe that their society is
better than that of a primitive society, but like wise a primitive society would think their society is
better. In this essay, a comparison will be made between the different traits that make up these two
different societies.
In the film, the Bushmen society is considered to be the primitive while the people ... Show more
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The Bushmen people are willing volunteers that would do whatever it takes to ensure the security of
their union but the civilized society would rather have someone else deal with what they are suppose
to do.
A major difference between the primitive society and the civilized society is their impact on the
environment. In the film, the Bushmen have little impact of the Kalahari dessert due to the fact that
its only a few of them. They have very low level of technology as they instead use soft raw materials
provided by the environment itself. In the other hand the civilized society which is populated by a
large amount of individuals affects the environment on a daily basis. These society has a high level
of developed technology as display in the film by tall buildings, long roadways, and road bridges.
The Bushmen society uses their surroundings as the mode of entertainment and survival while the
civilized society takes advantage of their developed technology as seen in the film when a woman
rode her car just to mail her letter through a mail box right across form her house. It even goes
further as to the civilized society using technology to hurt the environment as seen in the movie
when trees are torn down by automobiles driven by men with guns. Primitive societies uses
technology to help each other such as to dig holes in search for water, while the Civilized uses it to
hurt each other. In south Africa we

Summary Of Eating Christmas In The Kalahari
The article "Eating Christmas in the Kalahari" by Richard Borshay Lee, is an article that explains
the differences between two cultures and shows how hard it is to get away from your own personal
beliefs. Lee, an anthropologist, writes about his experiences with the !Kung Bushmen, a South
African tribe. This group of hunter and gatherers work together to teach him an important lesson he
wasn't aware of. Richard Borshay Lee is a professor at the Univeristy of Toronto. He focuses most
of his research on human rights, the people and culture of Africa, and he is most known for his
ethnographic studies of hunting and gathering societies, particularly the !Kung Bushmen. Since
graduate school he has made over 20 research trips to Africa. He has also spent a lot of research on
the Africa AIDS epidemic ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
At this particular point Lee could not figure out what was wrong with the !King Buschmen. In his
head the ox was the ultimate gift for Christmas, but the Bushmen had different views. "When a
young man kills such meat he comes to think himself as a chief or a big man and he thinks of the
rest of us as his servants or inferiors. So we always speak of his meat as worthless." Lee finally
realized, the lesson in this was humility. Lee stated "wish us whites, Christmas is supposed to be the
day of friendship and brotherly love." His idea of Christmas was not the same of the villagers. Lee,
still didn't realize why the Bushmen were so cruel in teaching him the lesson. He stated that their
jokes ruined his holiday. Even though he had been around them for a long time, he still wasn't aware
of their hunting and gathering beliefs. He also wasn't aware of how they taught humility. This
experience proves that its difficulty to stray away from what you believe in, even if you're in
someone else's habitat. This also shows how easy it is to misunderstand someone else's actions if
you don't

The ! Kung Bushman Community Analysis
Introduction
The !Kung Bushman, also referred to as San, people have been in constant oppression of capitalism
and globalization which has been destroying their ethnicity and culture for the past two to three
decades. The !Kung were the original inhabitants of southern Africa who lived a nomadic life as
hunters and gatherers. This rich heritage and lifestyle represents a "natural humanity" living in
harmony within the environment and nature of their surroundings (Lee, Hitchcock, & Biesele 2002).
But in the reality of the present–day !Kung, their lifestyles have changed significantly with the
expansion of capitalism in Africa. Lee, Hitchcock and Biesele (2002) explained how capitalism has
caused virtually all southern African original communities ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
N!ai claimed the people were jealous, an emotional state which seemed inevitable for the whole
community post–settlement. The huge irony about N!ais story occurs when N!ai starts being part of
the documentary about her !Kung people consisting of taking pictures and interviews from Marshall.
While doing this, she begins to complain about what it has done to her life, creating conflict among
her village. What this job caused was Nai being trapped between the Whites – government
settlement – and her own people. What is created by this is N!ai being caught between having to see
to the demands of the government settlement and the rejection of her and her family by her village

Perceptions of Bushmen Culture Essay
In the 1800s Europeans discovered Saartjie Baartman, a South African Bushman woman. They
called her the Hottentot Venus and exploited her mainly because of her physical and cultural
differences. Hottentot, Khoisan, San and Bushmen are all common names for the group of
indigenous people of which she belonged. These people have been largely viewed by Western
society as "savages who were part human, part animal" and considered to be "the lowest rung in the
ladder of human development." This unilateral yet widespread notoriety has existed since the 1800s
and many of the banal conceptions of the Bushmen have remained unchanged through the course of
modern history. This paper will be general overview of Bushmen culture. It will describe some of ...
Early anthropologists believed that because the Bushmen preserved a pre–industrial, pre–literate
lifestyle, even throughout the 19th and 20th century, that they could be considered in likeness to
people that lived in prehistoric times. This misconception has aided the western world's
misunderstanding, lack of appreciation and caricature view of the Bushmen. It is also important to
discern the terminology used to describe the people we call the Bushmen. "Bushmen" is probably
the most common name used to describe the group of South Africans that are being talked about in
this essay. Although they are commonly referred to as "Bushmen", this is a generic name that does
not take into account the many ethnic groups that exist under this umbrella. The word Bushmen
itself has a negative connotation; meaning 'orangutan' in Malay, it can be considered a derogatory
term not unlike 'wetback'. Nineteenth and early twentieth century anthropologist have ascribed many
of the names that are used to describe this group of people. The second most commonly used
classificatory name is Khoisan. Alan Barnard explains that the word 'Khoisan' itself is like
'Austronesian' or 'Indo–European', it has been artificially constructed for concision. Anthropologists
have also called populations of Bushmen, simply, the 'San'. However, the name San originated
within the native population to make a distinction about

The Gods Must Be Crazy Sociological Analysis
The film "The Gods Must Be Crazy" demonstrates many sociological elements. In this film two
different societies are shown; the "Bushmen" of the Kalahari Desert, and the civilian urbanites of
post–colonial Africa. These two societies are very different: the "Bushmen" are of a non–material
culture, they don't believe things belong to them, and they don't need much just their beliefs. While
the urbanites are of a material culture; they need cars and houses, and believe in owning things.
Another difference is; for the "Bushmen" there is no status, no one is better than the next, but in the
urbanite society status is there, some are more privileged, some are less. These two societies are
different in culture because "Culture is learned" (addendum) and this culture is what influences each
society "they influence people to behave similarly in ways that help them understand each other"
(addendum) and because "the rules of the group which are passed on from one ... Show more
Even cultural adaptation is different for each of them; the "Bushmen" of the Kalahari Desert they
have adapted to their surrounds, with not having water (rivers, ponds, or lakes) near them they have
learned to not need much water and have found ways to get liquids from plants/roots. While the
urbanites have adapted their surroundings to them; building stores to get water and food from, and
building roads. But the "Bushmen" and urbanites do have some beliefs/ways in common called
cultural universals; these are things like family and the fact that they care for the young. One can
also consider the cultural universals as "cultures borrow and share rules"

Somali Similarities And Differences In South Africa And...
Researching South Africa and Somalia
In this paper I will be researching about South Africa and Somalia. I will be discussing the
lithosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere and biosphere of the two countries. I also will be comparing
and contrasting the two countries, seeing their similarities and differences. This will include the
Kalahari Desert, Shimbiris Mountain, climate, major rivers and environmental issues in the two
countries. With much research, I hope to learn all that I can and maybe give some new unknown
facts about South Africa and Somalia that whoever is reading didn't know.
Starting off with South Africa, one of the major geologic features in this country is the Kalahari
Desert. The desert formed about 60 million years ago along with the African continent and covers
most of Botswana, Namibia and South Africa. The name of the desert name descends from the word
Kgala meaning a "waterless place". The Kalahari has very hot weather and can get up to 40 degrees
Celsius in the summer and in the winter it can get dry and cold reaching a temperature of 0 degrees
Celsius. A lot of the desert has a huge area that's great for grazing and supporting the animal's needs
that are there. It has a lot of reserves, which includes the Central Kalahari Game Reserve, the Khutse
Game Reserve, and the Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park. There are many tribes in the Kalahari Desert
even though survival may be tough. One in particular are the San Bushmen people who have been
living in the desert

Essay On Khoikhoi
About 2000 years ago it was found that the Khoikhoi also known as the Hottentots originate in
South Africa. This was many years before the first British settlers even set foot on African soil. The
Khoikhoi was the first people that come in contact with the Dutch people.
The 1820 settlers came to South Africa for various reasons and opportunities. It is known that the
first British settlers of 1820 arrived in South– Africa after the Napoleonic wars and Britain had
experienced serious unemployment problems. The first settlers arrived in Table Bay on 17 March
1820. They have arrived on a board, the Nautilus and the Chapman. After their arrival these settlers
where sent from the Cape Colony to Algoa Bay, that is today known as Port–Elizabeth. These
immigrants were encouraged by Lord Charels Somerset, who was appointed in 1814 as the governor
of the frontier areas (Eastern Cape). It was then found that Lord Somerset set his proposal in action
for three alternative ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
For example the Khoikhoi are today known as the Hottentos, because the British found the word
Khoikhoi difficult to pronounce. This shows the step by step change that the incoming of the British
brought upon the indigenous people. The word/name Khoikhoi refers to the meaning of "men of
men" or "the real people".For the San the settlers used the term Bushmen. This was only the
beginning of the changes that the Dutch has brought onto the indigenous languages. Before the
settlers arrived in the Cape, the official language of the Cape was Dutch. In 1822 English was
declared the official language of the Cape Colony. It is also most obvious that all the communities
were not equally formed. The impact on the indigenous people had also continued in the sense that
the Dutch had taken over the land and farms of the Khoikhoi and they were also driven out,
exterminated, or enslaved. The number of people that was enslaved grew as the years

The Myth Of The World Comes From The Bushmen People Of...
The African myth Cagn Orders the World comes from the Bushmen people of South Africa. The
Bushmen believed that there was not only a good creator god, but an evil god as well who was
responsible for woes and suffering (Sproul 31). However, while having a creator god is important to
the Bushmen culture the theme of their creator myths usually revolve around the existence of animal
spirits (Sproul 31). The myth begins and ends with the birth and resurrection of Cagn, who is the
first to exist in the world and is the sole creator. During the creation of everything, Cagn orders the
creation of animals and weapons so that man would be able to sustain himself by hunting the
animals provided to him (Sproul 31). Cagn also has relationships with ... Show more content on
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God's relationship with animals holds the same importance as his relationship with mankind. In
African culture, animals have many uses and are not only used for food but are also used for
religious rites (Mbiti 51). Additionally, certain animals such as snakes have ties to spiritual beings
and the living dead (Mbiti 51). Snakes play an important role in the Bushmen myth, when Cagn
rescues a girl from the snakes he orders the snakes to lie down, and then proceeds to use his stick to
magically strike the snake body until a human crawls out (Sproul 32). He proceeds to sprinkle canna
onto the snake skins so that the snakes will permanently remain in the form of people (Sproul 32).
This resembles a form of creation because he creates "people" out of the snakeskin. The snakes
could have also have ties to mystical spirits (Mbiti 192), and Cagn punishes them for attacking him
by changing them to become his people. Cagn Orders the World places great emphasis on
punishment of evil and wrong–doings. During Cagn's travel of the world he punishes many beings
for performing evil deeds. He punishes baboons for lying to him about the murder of his son (Sproul
32). The punishment changes the baboons from "man–like" creatures who sang songs to the typical
crooked tail baboon (Sproul 32). Cagn first experiences treachery from an eagle that jealously
hoards honey (Sproul 33) and a man named Quuisi who deceives Cagn into taking his place as a
prisoner stuck in a river (Sproul

Cultural Universals Vs. Non-Material Culture
The concept, cultural universals ("those beliefs, behavior patterns, and institutions that are found in
all known cultures" (Luhman, 61)) are used to study human cultural groups. When studying human
cultural groups, we look at material culture and non–material culture, values, norms, cultural
adaptation, folkways, mores, law, status, sanctions, and roles. Material culture and non–material
culture are two very different ways of living in a society. When comparing two different cultures
like the "Bushmen" of the Kalahari Desert (The Gods Must Be Crazy) and American culture, when
looking at both these cultures you can tell which one is the material and which one is the non–
material culture. The "Bushmen" are very non–material people, they only ... Show more content on
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There are two types of sanctions; formal social sanctions, "mechanisms of social control by which
rules or laws prohibit deviant criminal behavior" (Conley, 196) and informal social sanctions, "the
usually unexpressed but widely known rules of group membership; the unspoken rules of social life"
(Conley, 196). The cultural universal would be that a culture would have some form of sanction
whether it is formal or informal or a combination of them. Roles, "the duties and behaviors expected
from someone who holds a particular status" (Conley, 132) are also part of cultural universals. In the
Milgram study, Obedience to Authority, where an experiment was conducted " to determine the
degree to which people would take orders" (Luhman, 86) in this experiment many roles were filled,
Milgram observed, actors would scream as if they were being shocked and another would shock a
person through a button on a machine. Roles are a cultural universal because in each culture there
are roles that are filled and done so that society runs smoothly. Cultural adaptation "refers to the
manner in which people adapt their cultures to necessities of survival" (Luhman, 61) in every
culture this happens which makes it a cultural universal. If place were to run out oof drink able
water the culture would move, or as the "Bushmen" of the Kalahari Desert (The Gods Must Be
Crazy) did it, they would learn to survive off the land

Eating Christmas in Kalahari Essay
Eating Christmas in the Kalahari
Alec Smith
Ivy Tech Community College
Sociology 111
November 8, 2014
Confusion in Cultures
The perception of foreign cultures can at times be quite peculiar. The article "Eating Christmas in
Kalahari" by Richard Borshay Lee, foretells a classic example of cross culture misunderstanding
when people from different cultures operate in a culturally unfamiliar environment. Richard Lee, a
social anthropologist, explains what he learned living with the !Kung Bushmen, a South African
tribe, for three years. This Gemeinschaft community of hunters–gatherers worked together to teach
the anthropologist something important to their people, even though he was unaware of their
intentions in the beginning. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He felt like he had ruined their holiday traditions and his own holiday by supplying the people with
little to feast upon. Why were they being so ungrateful to Lee's gesture? On Christmas morning it
was time to start the slaughter of the ox. Richard soon came to realize that his ox would be more
than enough for everyone to have all the meat they desired. He also found out that they were kidding
the whole time. After the feast and celebration were successful, he was bewildered about the whole
ordeal and how they acted towards him. It said in the article that this was the point when he felt that
something important had happened in his relationship with the Bushmen and that the clue lay in the
meaning of the joke. As Lee occasionally showed a bit of arrogance in his mannerisms and actions,
he is viewed in a negative manner by the bushmen. After talking to several members of the
Bushmen, he found the true meaning of the joke. The Bushmen people were trying to teach him a
lesson of "arrogance." They would not accept a person who would boast upon his hunt because they
feared that his pride would make a person kill someone one day. Tomazo, a member of the
Bushmen, told him that it was to "cool his heart and make him gentle." He originally was not trying
to see their culture from the viewpoint of a native; he was using the eyes of an outsider to try to a
put a meaning to their dissimilar practices.
The !Kung Bushmens' intentions were to humiliate Lee so it would

Similarities And Differences Between Coming To America And...
The following essay will compare and contrast two cultural productions that represent and depict
Africa. The films "Coming to America" by John Landis and "The Gods Must Be Crazy" by Jamie
Uys have similarities and differences according to the meaning of Africa. The similarities of these
films are the use of the current English language, religion, comedy relief, traditions, and
interpretation of Africans "single story". The differences of these films are the time period,
locations, clothing, articulation, and reputation. The cultural productions of "Coming to America"
and "The Gods Must Be Crazy" can be compared and contrasted because both films exhibit a
relationship that depicts how we think about Africa not as a place, but as people as a whole in the
modern world. The depiction of the movie "Coming to America" and "The God Must Be Crazy" can
be compared and contrasted on the films locations. In "Coming to America" Prince Akeem Joffer is
from the nation of Zamunda, which is a fictional location. This location is only seen in the beginning
and end of the film. The nation of Zamunda depicts the idea of Africa as a land of substantial wealth.
In addition, Africa as people has the highest level of status and rights like having arranged
marriages. In contrast, "The Gods Must Be Crazy" is set in Botswana, South Africa in the Kalahari
Desert. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
For example, when the radio announcement plays during the tribune riding with as army plays it
mentions " Anyone withholding information which could lead to their capture..." is subtle in
approaching defining the single story of Africa. This brings many meanings of the colonial labor
forces that Africans were common to serving under. As a result, the deaths seen on film are rather
critical and relevant to recognizing the meaning of Africa's labor forced because it served a purpose
for developing the ideas about the single

Gods Must Be Crazy Sociology
The film The Gods Must Be Crazy follows the story of a tribe of people in the Kalahari Desert.
These people are known as Bushmen, they live in isolation and believe that they are the only people
on Earth. The Earth is of great importance to them and they live in harmony with it. The Bushmen
are known as being very peaceful, and they do not understand the concept of ownership, hierarchy,
or violence. The role of the gods and family are highly prioritized in the Bushmen society. When a
Coca–Cola bottle falls from the sky the Bushmen see it as a gift from the gods. The Bushmen,
unfamiliar with technology had never encountered an object like the bottle. The inventive Bushmen
use the bottle for many purposes such as a musical instrument, crafting ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Goodwin explains the suffering that they have been through, while the movie focuses on lighter
aspects. About 85,000 Bushmen are alive today and live on plots of land made available to them
through the government. The Bushmen have long been under the control of modern society.
European colonists killed off many and others were taken to Victorian freak shows. Many groups
are no longer nomadic and must stay in a permanent village, government support provides over 40
percent of their food percentages. Although still practiced game hunting makes up little of what they
eat. Another interesting fact is many no longer go by their tribe names nut instead have been given
surnames. Their culture is slowly dying out and their way of living is no longer as uncomplicated as
it once

Religious Belief And Practice Everyday Life
Religion
In every culture there seems be a creation myth–the story of how the world and everything on it
came to be. Religion and the rituals surrounding them are found in every culture in the world.
Examples that are familiar to many Christians in the United States are attending churches, praying
before a meal or in a time of grief, and baptisms for infants shortly after they are born. Religion
serves many functions in society, and attempts to answer some of life's big questions, such as: Who
am I? How was the Universe created? Why am I here? What happens when I die? The role of
religious belief and practice everyday life can affect us in ways we may not even realize until we dig
a little deeper below the surface.
In Life in Riverside, the Sanos begin their search for a suitable home by touring several apartments
in the area. Many of the questions are geared to determine the trust–worthiness of the Sanos: Where
do you work? Where are you from? What church do you go to? The last questions throws the couple
off–guard and they are unsure of how to answer the question–fearing that saying they do not attend a
Christian church will label them as dishonest or immoral people. They write of the experience (25):
We found this question not only strange but also awkward to answer. In asking ourselves why we
found this questions to be so awkward, we decide that it is probably due to the way Japanese view
religion. Asked their religious affiliation, most Japanese would answer

African Bushmen And Iroquois Creation Myths
Compare and Contrast: The African Bushmen Creation Myth and the Iroquois Creation Myth
All around the world are different kinds of creation myths on how earth, animals, and life came to
be. Not one creation myth is the same to another. Every single creation myth is like a snowflake,
unique in its own way. Creation myths can vary on how earth and humanity were created, but all
creation myths always have the concept of life. The African Bushmen Creation Myth and Iroquois
Creation Myth both are alike and different in many ways. These myths are similar in the way of how
each paint a picture of creation. On the other hand, both are very different thus contrasting each
other like day and night. In this essay, I will be discussing the similarities and differences in both
The African Bushmen and Iroquois Creation Myths.
First, we will discuss and examine the similarity's in these creation myths. Both myths have many
shared themes throughout each story, as do lots of other variations of Creation Myths. For example,
some main similar points in these mythical stories include, peaceful beginning, the importance of
animals, punishment, and a bad/sad story turning event. Similarly, both stories start out with the
world being peaceful it was stated that there was no pain, and everyone got along happily. Another
major part of both myths was how they observed the animals. Alike to the Iroquois people, the
African Bushmen hold a great respect for all animals. The

Survival International : A Global Movement
Survival International is an INGO, involved in a global movement fighting for the rights of over 150
million indigenous peoples all around the world. (Anya 2001) Their plan of action is to defend the
tribes and protect their land from foreign invaders that are looking to "civilize" and "modernize" the
peoples. Most of the tribes have been subjected to violence, slavery, and racism. Outsiders, such as
tourists, are not welcome among these tribes. They want to be left alone and not involved in the rest
of society. Survival International is willing to work with these tribes in order to make sure the tribes'
wishes are met without violence. Survival International also wants all tribes to flourish around the
world in hopes that their unique lifestyle will one day been seen as something beautiful and
intriguing in the eyes of the rest of humanity. It is Survival International's goal to help the tribes live
in peace. It has been in charge of multiple medical and self help projects, protests, and lobbies
associated with the tribes. (Survival International Website) In this report, I show how Survival
International has globalized over the years in order to defend the rights and prevent the annihilation
of tribal people around the world through fundraisers, campaigns, and volunteer work. In order to
conduct my research, I relied heavily on Survival International's website:
www.survivalinternational.org, as well as multiple scholarly articles from different databases, such
as

Differences Between Popular Culture And Indigenous Culture...
The diversity of culture is an incredible notion. It is unfathomable how the anatomy of the human
race is so similar, yet so different in the behaviors and ideas that take place. The two primary
cultures I am focusing on throughout this essay are the differentiation between popular culture, and
indigenous culture. I will also make the point of folk culture, and how it has slowly transformed
itself from its self sufficiency, to relying more on the ways of popular culture. To begin, the
differences between popular culture and indigenous culture can be seen through the evidence that
the indigenous culture is content with the very few materials and items that they own. While in
civilized cultures, people are constantly wanting more. When an item of the popular culture was
introduced to the Bushmen people, they had to face the difficulties that many encounter in today's
modern societies. Instead, the simplicities of life that the indigenous held, came hand in hand with
simple emotions and simple problems. This is why they were able to remain happy and at peace
within their life. In phenomenology, people would give an object its meaning. The Coke glass, for
example, within popular culture this would be seen as something to drink or to enjoy with a
cheeseburger. Many from popular culture would not have made this connection to the glass bottle
without knowing its exact meaning. Like the Bushmen people, they had not given what civilized
people would consider the "correct" purpose

Summary Of What Hunters Do For A Living By Richard B. Lee
In Richard B. Lee's article, "What Hunters do for a Living" he takes readers into the world of the
!Kung Bushmen who lived in the Kalahari desert. He then documents their gathering and food
practices. Many decades ago, humans were entirely dependent on gathering and hunting their own
food. Vegetables were 60–80% of the !Kung Bushmen's total diet (Lee, 1968, p. 37).
Today, we practice cancerous dietary habits including genetically modified, heavily processed ready
to eat foods. This adds to our present health concerns because obesity rates are higher than ever.
Being overweight or obese creates a snowball effect to other health concerns such as high blood
pressure, diabetes, and heart disease, the number one most preventable causes of death. ... Show
The !Kung Bushmen, would split up the work between women, and men. I myself, can accomplish
both jobs. Lee stated, women spent about two to three days collecting vegetables for the week, and
men spent days to weeks hunting animals. Also according to Lee, the !Kung Bushmen devote about
12–19 hours a week dedicated to harvesting food (1968, p. 41). I spend 27 hours a week working
and 18 hours at school. I work to earn money to spend more time at a grocery store picking out food.
Men who hunted worked a maximum of 32 hours a week (Lee, 1968, p. 40). Also according to Lee,
a man can hunt for a week,get enough meat, and then not hunt for two or three weeks(41) .
Unfortunately, I do not make enough to take time off as such, or have enough money to have for my
food supply. Looking on the brigh side, I can go to a grocery store and finish all my vegetable
shopping in a matter of minutes, and buy meat that is ready to be cooked. Food now is readily
available, and I do not have to worry about if I will be able to successfully hunt an animal, or find
enough vegetables to pick. The downside is that many of our foods come from overseas, or not
locally grown, and this can cause problems since industries use chemicals to keep the food fresh. It
is especially hard when we start eating genetically modified foods because we do not know what we
are eating unless we know how to read food labels.

Pygmies Research Paper
The two main races inhabiting Africa in early times were the Berbers of the
Mediterranean coastlands and the Negroes of equatorial Africa. The Berbers (and the ancient
Egyptians) were of Hamitic stock – racially Caucasian, with "European" facial characteristics. The
Negroes included the small–statured Pygmies. The pygmies, and a third race – the rather yellow
skinned Bushmen – may have been widely spread over central and southern Africa until they were
driven from the most fruitful lands by the Negroes. The descendants of the Pygmies now inhabit the
forests of central
Africa. Only small numbers of Bushmen now survive, mainly in the Kalahari desert in the south.
Between the northern coastlands and equatorial Africa is the Sahara desert. Until ... Show more
The paintings also show that music and dancing were important to these ancient Africans – as they
are to the modern Negroes.
Between about 4000 and 2000 B.C, as the desert spread, the peoples of the Sahara gradually
emigrated to the north, east and south though some remained, learning to live with little water: their
descendants are the Berber Tuareg of the desert today
(whose men wear veils).
Those who went South settled in the western and central Sudan. (The term Sudan relates to the wide
strip of grassland stretching across Africa, south of the Sahara and Egypt. The western Sudan is
separated from the coast to the south by a belt of dense forest.) In the Sudan the newcomers mixed
with other Negro tribes to form the Bantu–speaking peoples, who gradually spread into central,
eastern and southern
Africa.
In the eastern Sudan, south of Egypt, another civilisation arose, starting about 1000
B.C. – that of the Kushites, probably a mixture of Hamitic and Negro stock. Further east is Ethiopia.
The Ethiopians were probably of Hamitic origin, mixed later with
Arabs from Arabia.
Historical times, that is when history is known with reasonable accuracy and some detail, started on
widely different dates in the different regions of Africa,

The Analysis : ' The God 's Must Be Crazy ' Essay
In Uys' (1980) film, The God's Must Be Crazy, a tribal community of South African Bushmen who
live independently away from any contact with the outside world. When a Coke bottle is dropped
from a plane, this "beautiful" and "useful" thing becomes a tool that is adopted into a variety of uses
by the family (Uys, 1980). When the family begins to fight over the bottle, Xi, decides that although
the bottle has been given to them by the gods, this now "evil thing" must be thrown off the edge of
the world (Uys, 1980). The film then captures Xi's experiences and interactions with other people
and modern society as he sought to accomplish his task. The Coke bottle functions differently in
modern society than it did in the Xi's tribal community. In modern society, the Coke bottle is a
container for a commercialized beverage. While it might serve as a symbol of a treat or beverage, it
is not a necessity nor does it provide any real nutritional value. When the beverage is consumed it is
discarded though if handled properly, might be recycled. In the tribal community, the trash of
modern society, quickly becomes a widely used tool. Uys (1980) demonstrated how the Coke bottle
was adopted by the community for use in milling, grinding, music making, curing snake skin, and
spinning rope. It was more durable the tools that the community had previously used and they found
new uses for it such as decorating headbands using the open end of the bottle and ink (Uys, 1980). It
becomes so

Bushmen: Want and Item Essay
hRunning head: Ju/'hoansi Bushman
Ju/'hoansi Bushman
Anthropology
Abstract
I am going to imagine that I am going to live in the Kalahari Desert to live a traditional semi–
nomadic life with the Ju/'hoansi Bushmen. I am going to discuss the five items that I will take with
me and the reason why I want to take these items. Then I will discuss how the semi–nomadic life
style affects my sense of home my relationship with my environment and my attitude towards the
people I am around and my material possessions.
Ju/'hoansi Bushmen
The Ju/'hoansi bushmen are semi–nomadic people that live on the boarders of the Kalahari Desert.
This people are traditionally hunter–gathers. Deciding to join their lifestyle will ultimately change ...
It will also be valuable to be able to store things as I go is a tight compact space that will help to
keep sand and dirt out of it.
Finally we come to my final item which is a water bottle. This item is a need. It allows me to keep a
supply of life giving water on me at all times. This item could also be useful to store small food
items in it if I didn't have water in the bottle.
When going from a world that has material all around you to a nomadic lifestyle the items that you
bring with you would become very important. What was once replaceable is now irreplaceable and
become more important than gold to you. My sense of home would have left the day that I packed
for the trip because I am used to the luxuries of the Americas. The simple fact of picking only five
items to bring with me would have crushed my sense of security and home.
However there is a upside to moving away from a modern world to a nomadic world. The
knowledge that would be gained from living in your environment would change how you seen the
world. So often today in modern America we go through our lives without noticing our
environment. We have lost all ability to understand how our food gets to our mouths. This change
would give me a new appreciation for the environment.
Finally my social ties would be completely different. The people that is in my small group would
become extremely important. Considering that these people are the ones keeping me alive. Today
my

Ambum Stone Essay
The Ambum Stone, artist unknown, is a rare artifact created in c. 1500 BCE found in the Enga
Province, Papua New Guinea in the early 1960's. The Apollo 11 Stones, dated c. 23,000 BCE, were
discovered in 1969 by German archeologist W.E. Wendt in the Apollo 11 Cave located in southwest
Namibia, Africa. These two prehistoric works of art–although created numerous years apart from
each other–share an astounding amount of similarities and differences. One important similarity is
the function of the two pieces. The Apollo 11 stones were created by natives of southern Africa
known as the San Bushmen, possibly the oldest people to have ever walked the Earth. The San
Bushmen were very well known for a lifestyle centered around hunting, music, socializing, and
dance. Their dance is said to be sacred, believing it produced a great spiritual power containing
properties to aid in "healing, hunting, removing social tensions, and making it rain." (The San
Bushmen of South Africa) The Apollo 11 Stones, including many other of their cave paintings, were
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Ambum Stone, said to be one of the oldest works of art in the pacific, is made of a rock called
greywacke– a very tough medium that would require weeks of strenuous labor to achieve fine detail.
Researchers believe that the sculpture was formed to represent the "embryo of a long–beaked
echidna" (National Gallery of Australia), an animal similar to an anteater. It is also suggested that
the nose resembles one comparable to a fruit bat, although no one knows the exact animal that was
trying to be portrayed. Similar to the Ambum stone, the Apollo 11 Stones are said to be the "oldest
known artwork of any kind from the African continent" (Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History). These
slabs of rock made out of quartzite feature charcoal drawings of animals that resemble cat–like
figures, but like the Ambum Stone, exact species cannot be

Eating Christmas in the Kalahari
Eating Christmas in the Kalahari Eating Christmas in the Kalahari is an intriguing article written by
Richard Borshay Lee. In the article, Lee tells of his time working as an anthropologist in the
Kalahari and studying the hunting and gathering subsistence economy of the !Kung Bushmen. Lee
(1969) writes: The Bushmen's idea of the Christmas story, stripped to its essentials, is "praise the
birth of white man's god–chief"; what keeps their interest in the holiday high is the Tswana–Herero
custom of slaughtering an ox for his Bushmen neighbors as an annual goodwill gesture. Since the
1930's, part of the Bushmen's annual round of activities has included a December congregation at
the cattle posts for trading, marriage brokering, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
All the !Kung Bushmen's eyes were fixed on the ox as that cut through the skin revealed two inches
of thick white fat. The !Kung Bushmen had played Lee. They all knew that he chose a great ox, but
they would never let Lee think he did. Lee began asking some people why they had insulted his
Christmas ox choice. Arrogance was their reply. Lee (1969) writes: "Yes, when a young man kills
much meat he comes to think of himself as a chief or a big man, and he thinks of the rest of us as his
servants or inferiors. We can't accept this. We refuse one who boasts, for someday his pride will
make him kill somebody. So we always speak of his meat as worthless. This way we cool his heart
and make him gentle." (p. 4) A couple people confirmed that what he was told by Tomazo was in
fact true. Lee (1969) writes: The pieces now fell into place. I had known for a long time that in
situations of social conflict with Bushmen I held all the cards. I was the only source of tobacco in a
thousand square miles, and I was not incapable of cutting an individual off for non–cooperation.
Though my boycott never lasted longer than a few days, it was an indication of my strength. People
resented my presence at the water hole, yet simultaneously dreaded my leaving. In short, I was a
perfect target for the charge of arrogance and for the Bushmen tactic of enforcing humility. (p. 4)
The

Grove's Involvement Of Humans After The Homo.
In the chapter the Author described the environment in which a special group of people known as
the Bushmen lived. They were the original settlers before in Southern Africa before the Europeans
dominated their environment. Many people did not have respect for the Bushmen; because of their
appearance they were describe as animals. Even though they have similar characteristics as the
modern day humans.
This lead to the explanation of human evolutionary theory; which begun with the Chimpanzees, then
the bipedal species, and homo. Which then lead to the evolvement of humans after the homo.
Biologist, Grove however, did not believe this was true, he believed that humans were already
existing during the same time in a different region. In his study

Film Analysis of 'The Gods Must Be Crazy'
Analysis of "The Gods Must Be Crazy" (Order # A2059556) In 1980 a low–budget South African
film was released which over the years has not only spawned a number of sequels, but took a rather
humorous look at the cultural differences between so–called "primitive" cultures and the modern
world. The film was called "The Gods Must Be Crazy," was written and directed by South African
filmmaker Jamie Uys, and called by the New York Magazine "pure play, an amiable shaggy–dog
story in which the awesome wilderness serves as an adaptable prop." (Denby, 47) It told the story of
a Ju/hoansi bushman who journeyed to the end of the Earth to discard a Coke bottle; and along the
way encountered the modern world for the very first time. Modern society was presented through
the eyes of a person who had never encountered it before, and while the interaction was often
portrayed as hilarious, it also provided a interesting view of the modern world from a most unlikely
source. Uys' film captures the interaction between members of two very different societies with very
different sets of values. It begins when a coke bottle is thrown out of the window of a passing
airplane and lands in the village of a group of primitive Kalahari Bushmen. Because they had never
had contact with the outside world, they had no knowledge of what the bottle was, and believed that
it was a gift from their gods. However, as they found a number of uses for this item, the Bushmen
began to fight over possession the

The Worst Mistake In The History Of The Agricultural...
The Agricultural Revolution was the turning point in the history of human evolution because
thelifestyle of humans went from hunting and gathering to farming. It is a controversial topic
amonghistorians on whether it had a positive or negative impact on future societies. On the other
hand, theAgricultural Revolution has generated more opposing effects for the human race because it
along withagriculture came with malnutrition, gender inequality, and the spread of disease.Humans
of the modern century have the luxury of living the longest and healthiest lives inhistory. On the
contrary, archeologists have studied the bones from people of the Paleolithic andNeolithic
Revolution. Researchers came to the conclusion that the humans prior to the revolution ... Show
This was considered more than the daily intakeof people of their height and weight. Even though the
Bushmen had more than the recommended dailyintake, they still died of starvation. On the contrary,
if a human of the modern era at the daily amount ofcalories as they did with using the high
carbohydrate food, they can become overweight. The balance ofnutrition prior to the Agricultural
Revolution was better compared to modern day, and creates andunhealthy for those who mostly take
in the carbohydrates.Second to living a life of unhealthiest because of the transition in diets, there
was a shift in thegender roles. First, before the revolution, women were considered more equal to
men than today.Women were more equal because if the men were unable to catch anything while
hunting in the wild,women also had the task of collecting berries and nuts, which became the food
in place of any types ofmeats or other plants. Being given the equal opportunity to aid in supplying
food was the key for theirequality. However when farming came into play, the men were the mainly
were the only ones whoworked in the fields and harvested the

Analysis Of Miner'sBody Ritual Among The Nacirema
This essay will be exploring how the key task of the anthropologist is "to make the strange familiar
and the familiar strange". I would define "strange" as being abnormal and different, not the norm
and "familiar" meaning something we can relate to and are accustomed to. An anthropologist
undertaking ethnographic research would be exploring the cultural and social variation and how as
humans, we are unique but similar.
Miner's 1956 'Body Ritual Among the Nacirema' is an account of a fictitious tribe which displays
negative dispositions of the human body and how it is regarded as sick and hideous. Miner describes
how the entire ritualistic practices of the Nacirema revolve around this core issue of the body and
"an example of the extremes to which human behaviour can go" (Miner, 1956). Vanity and self–
image are evident throughout the account, the "Nacirema" people are using body modification from
the "holy–mouth man" and "medicine men" to alter their self– image. "The human body is so bland
and unexciting... just as we possess no natural weapons or protective armour, so too must we resort
to techniques of our own invention in order to be visually striking." (Polhemus and Morenko, 2004).
This suggests the body is central to the 'I' who speaks and it is also fundamental to how we are
recognised by others. Sometimes aspects of the body only appear important to us when things go
wrong but, hence the tribe's continual visitation to these "medicine men" because as humans they are
trying to modify their self–image.
"Body Ritual Among the Nacirema" is significant as it establishes the issue of representation in
ethnography. The purpose of the article is to raise the question of how can we study a different
culture from the outside and how can we understand our own culture from within. Culture can be
defined in many ways, Tylor (1871) stated that culture is; "...that complex whole which includes
knowledge, belief, art, morals, law, custom and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as
a member of society." Therefore, the article presents the topic of cultural relativism, arguing that
there is no impartial viewpoint from which to assess cultures, that every culture should be
interpreted and understood from the

What Is Howell's Arguments About The Neolithic Revolution?
The main idea of Howell's arguments about the Neolithic Revolution is that the adoption of
agriculture is beneficial because hunting life makes nature in control of humans. Nature controls the
limit on animals and plants. When it reaches its limit in a given place, humans are forced to move to
survive. Nature requires humans to spread themselves out across the land and limit the number of
people they band themselves with to not use all the natural resources in short amount of time.
Moreover, the limited resources cause groups to kill off the young, sick, and elderly to lower the
amount of humans exploiting the land. As a result of isolation amongst each other, humans rarely
become civilized or social and the sexual division of labour does not change. As a result of
agriculture, food is domesticated and grown rather than gathered. Also, humans are able to create
civilizations with hundreds of people. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He explains how farmers are highly susceptible to malnutrition, anemia, infectious diseases due to
being crowded together, degenerative conditions due to hard physical labor, starvation, and sexual
inequality due to women being released of their hunting duties and pressured to produce offspring to
tend to the fields. Moreover, he supports his idea by explaining how hunter–gatherers have sufficient
leisure time for painting and sculpting, sleep a good deal, work less hard than farmers, and have
healthier diets due to the abundance of wild plants and animals available. The diet of hunter–
gatherers contains high protein and well balance of proteins compared to farmers who can only
consume one or a few foods from their

Christmas In Kalahari
"Eating Christmas in the Kalahari" is an anthropological study conducted on the !Kung Bushmen
society by Richard Lee. Lee lived among the !Kung for three years to learn more about their hunter–
gatherer society. In this essay, I intend to analyze Lee's research and validate the reasoning for the
!Kung's criticism towards Lee's generous offer of the ox.
The !Kung are a society within the Kalahari Desert in Botswana, Africa. They are an egalitarian
society, meaning that there is no leader, chief or president that dictates the decisions made on behalf
of the society as a whole. The major decisions for the !Kung are made by the elders of the society
and all members are viewed and treated as equals. The !Kung are also a hunter–gatherer society. ...
The !Kung's idea of the Christmas story essentially boiled down to praising the birth of white man's
god–chief. The !Kung had very little interest in the holiday besides the Tswana–Herero custom of
slaughtering an ox for their Bushmen neighbors as a gesture of goodwill. Since the 1930's, part of
the Bushmen's annual round of activities has included a December congregation at the cattle posts
for trading, marriage brokering and several days of trance–dance feasting at which the local Tswana
headman is host.
*Lee went to Botswana to visit the !Kung society in order to study their hunting and gathering
subsistence economy. In order to accomplish this, it was essential for Lee not to intrude on their
hunter– gatherer system by providing them with food, sharing his food or interfere with their food
gathering activities in any way. However, scarce handouts of tobacco and medical supplies were
appreciated, they were scarcely adequate to erase the glaring disparity
in wealth between the rich anthropologist– who maintained a two month inventory of canned
goods– and the Bushmen– who rarely had a day's supply of food on

Chumash vs San Essay
AP World History
31st August
Comparative Essay
In a period of complete change beknownst to us as the Neolithic Revolution, some groups of
nomads deserted their "normal" way of life and began to settle down in villages and use agrarian
methods to make a living for themselves. Two examples would be the Chumash of Southern
California and the San of South Africa. Although the Chumash and the San both led a gathering and
hunting way of life, they are ultimately two completely different civilizations, embodying unique
political organizations, social structures and hierarchies, distinct economic foundations and
individual sets of differing values. Sometimes a more elaborate material life isn't always the better
one. The ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This ensured people stayed modest and humble and never got ahead of themselves. An example of
the value of equality being demonstrated lies in the principle that the owner of the arrow that killed
an animal had the right to distribute meat from animal, and not the hunter himself who actually did
the hard work. Another example would be the system of the unequal gift exchange: when one gifted
something to someone, and in reciprocation received something, it might not necessarily be
equivalent in value. Richard Lee, a famous anthropologist was told that the practice was aimed at
leveling wealth, not accumulating it, which in turn had an important repercussion of establishing
social relations. In stark contrast the Chumash made a glaring show of their individual prosperity
and their inequality in economic and social status by publicly displaying their wealth as exemplified
in their burials, clothing, houses, and the adornments on their heads and collars. They additionally
leaned towards private accumulation rather than sharing and equality.
The San were greatly influenced by their long–term connection with an ancient past. The San's
society can be characterized by "mobility, sharing, and equality." Their economic life was mostly
controlled by their desire to continue their long–standing customs and very old traditions. Unlike the
Chumash' much larger camps of thousands of peoples, the

Ethnographic Analysis Essay
Ethnographic analysis
The 'Bushmen' are the oldest residents of southern Africa, where they have lived for at least 20,000
years. Their home is in the enormous area of the Kalahari Desert. Bushmen are small in sized
people, generally with light yellowish skin, which wrinkles very early in life.
According to the San "Bushmen" culture in 1980's, female and male Bushman gather foods such as
fruits, berries, tubers and bush onions. The female Bushman have to take care of their children,
prepare food and drinks, clean and collect fuels. In the 1980's both male and female bushman travels
or go to the market to buy groceries.
In the 1980's agriculture industries takes an important role in developing the economy of Kalahari
Desert. Cereals and grains ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In some cases almost the entire catch is exported, for example rock lobster, squid and tuna. It is
estimated that 27,000 people are directly employed in the area. The land of Africa boasts huge
amount of natural resources such as oil, diamond, gold, iron, cobalt, uranium, copper, bauxite, silver
and petroleum and also woods.
Kalahari Desert has very dry and hot climate. This is the reason why water is hard to get in the
Kalahari Desert. Usually during the dry season, the Bushman collect water from the water tap and
tank that was given by the different organization that tries to civilize the Bushman. The female
Bushman gather plastic bottles, and cups which are used as water containers.
The Bushmen travel to the city or to the cloth shops to buy clothing. The bushman wear clothing
that match the hot and dry climate in the Kalahari. They wear comfortable, loose fitting layered
clothes that give protection from sunburn and insect bites. Light colored clothing as traditional
bushman clothing which reflect heat and assist to maintain temperature balance. Most modern
outdoor clothing is made from fabrics and is designed to moisture the Bushman's

Examples Of Individualism In The Gods Must Be Crazy
Normally, the unique and special culture of unknown tribes in the world stimulates people's
curiosity and attracts the attention and interest. The film "The Gods must be crazy" actually
captivates the moviegoers' attention by contrasting the distinctive differences between two societies
in extraordinary and humorous perspectives and language uses: the Bushmen's life in the Kalahari
juxtaposed against the life in the civilized urbanites of post–colonial Africa. In particular, many
cultural dimensions and issues related to cross–cultural communication are illustrated from the film.
Subsequently, the audience can obtain some interesting and unique cultural understandings.
Therefore, this essay will concentrate on analyzing individualism versus collectivism, ... Show more
Hofstede (1984) defines that individualist societies are those in which the interests of the individual
prevail over the interests of the group, and in which people are expected to look after themselves
and their immediate families. In individualist cultures, decisions are based on what is good for the
individual, not for group, because the person is the primary source of motivation. Conversely,
collectivist societies are those in which the interests of the group prevail over the interests of the
individual, and in which people from birth onward are integrated into strong, cohesive in–groups.
More specifically, in collectivist cultures, decisions that juxtapose the benefits to the individual and
the benefits to the group are based on what is the best for the group and the groups to which a
person belongs are the most important social units. It can be seen from the film that Bushmen in the
Kalahari is a collectivist culture in which the group or tribe's needs are more significant than the
individual's needs. In the scene from 02:40 to 03:04, the Bushmen share everything they find in
nature and "have

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