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Jim Laurie - Soil Ecosystem Health: From Fungi & Nematodes to Beetles & Earthworms
Biodiversity for a Livable Climate 
Loss of Biodiversity: Consequences 
1. Freshwater: Reduced Availability & Quality 
2. Food: Reduced Availability & Quality 
3. Disease Processes in Many Species (including Humans) 
4. Loss of Climate Stability - Global Warming 
Jim Laurie 
jimlaurie7@gmail.com 
NOFA Presentation YouTube 
“Building Deep Rich Soils 
in New England”
6th Extinction ? - Soil ? 
“Big animals are like the 
nutrient arteries of the 
planet and if they go extinct 
it is like severing these 
arteries.” 
Chris Doughty - University of Oxford 
Environment Change Institute 
In the late Pleistocene, 97 genera of large 
animals (megafauna) went extinct, concentrated 
in the Americas and Australia. 
Nature Geoscience 6, 761–764 (2013) 
“Poop Paucity Predicament” - David Biello, Scientific American
Jim Laurie - Soil Ecosystem Health: From Fungi & Nematodes to Beetles & Earthworms
Jim Laurie - Soil Ecosystem Health: From Fungi & Nematodes to Beetles & Earthworms
Carbon Lost / Acre?
Jim Laurie - Soil Ecosystem Health: From Fungi & Nematodes to Beetles & Earthworms
Jim Laurie - Soil Ecosystem Health: From Fungi & Nematodes to Beetles & Earthworms
Jim Laurie - Soil Ecosystem Health: From Fungi & Nematodes to Beetles & Earthworms
Jim Laurie - Soil Ecosystem Health: From Fungi & Nematodes to Beetles & Earthworms
Soil Extinction 
1. MegaFauna Extinction in Australia and Americas 
2. Barbed Wire - Herds Can’t Move to “Sweet Grass” 
3. Plow - Fragment and Oxidize Soil “Dust Bowl” 
4. Pesticides & Chemical Fertilizers 
We are now inhibiting Photosynthesis by 
tolerating bare ground. (10 to 15 billion acres) 
We are inhibiting Humification 
with agricultural chemicals.
Jim Laurie - Soil Ecosystem Health: From Fungi & Nematodes to Beetles & Earthworms
CO2 
levels rise 
rapidly 
>>> 
Loss of 
Polar Ice 
>>> 
Ocean 
Anoxia 
>>> 
H2S 
bubbles 
out of 
oceans.
Jim Laurie - Soil Ecosystem Health: From Fungi & Nematodes to Beetles & Earthworms
Jim Laurie - Soil Ecosystem Health: From Fungi & Nematodes to Beetles & Earthworms
“When you understand the power of self-organization, you 
begin to understand why biologists worship biodiversity even 
more than economists worship technology.” 
“Hierarchical Systems evolve from the bottom up. 
The purpose of the upper layers of the hierarchy 
is to serve the purposes of the lower layers.” 
from Thinking in Systems 
by Donella Meadows 
Places to Intervene in a System 
12. Numbers - “Mostly, the numbers are not worth the sweat put into them” 
(I’ll skip a few.) 
4. Self-Organizing Systems (John Todd & Eco-Machines) 
3. Goals (What do you want? - Allan Savory & HM) 
2. Paradigms (Lynn Margulis - Microbial Symbiosis) 
1. Transforming Paradigms (questioning your own beliefs and paradigms)
Jim Laurie - Soil Ecosystem Health: From Fungi & Nematodes to Beetles & Earthworms
Jim Laurie - Soil Ecosystem Health: From Fungi & Nematodes to Beetles & Earthworms
Jim Laurie - Soil Ecosystem Health: From Fungi & Nematodes to Beetles & Earthworms
Jim Laurie - Soil Ecosystem Health: From Fungi & Nematodes to Beetles & Earthworms
Lab Results 
In Out 
Ammonia, ppm 20.51 1.07 
(NH3) 
Chloroform, ppb 14.4 0.3 
(CHCl3) 
BPA, ppb 513 7 
(hormone disruptor)
Lynn Margulis - Symbiosis is a key to evolution.
Jim Laurie - Soil Ecosystem Health: From Fungi & Nematodes to Beetles & Earthworms
More Poop 
More Possibilities 
and 
More Fungi 
More Future
Jim Laurie - Soil Ecosystem Health: From Fungi & Nematodes to Beetles & Earthworms
Jim Laurie - Soil Ecosystem Health: From Fungi & Nematodes to Beetles & Earthworms
15,000 / square mile
Jim Laurie - Soil Ecosystem Health: From Fungi & Nematodes to Beetles & Earthworms
Jim Laurie - Soil Ecosystem Health: From Fungi & Nematodes to Beetles & Earthworms
Jim Laurie - Soil Ecosystem Health: From Fungi & Nematodes to Beetles & Earthworms
Jim Laurie - Soil Ecosystem Health: From Fungi & Nematodes to Beetles & Earthworms
Greg Judy’s Goal: 
25 earthworms / sq. ft. 
100 tons castings / acre 
http://www.greenpasturesfarm.net/ 
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W6HGKSvjk5Q
Christine Jones - AmazingCarbon.com 
CO2 >> Glucose >> Humus & Glomalin
Long sticky 
molecules 
outside the cell. 
Humus 
Glomalin
Jim Laurie - Soil Ecosystem Health: From Fungi & Nematodes to Beetles & Earthworms
Jim Laurie - Soil Ecosystem Health: From Fungi & Nematodes to Beetles & Earthworms
Jim Laurie - Soil Ecosystem Health: From Fungi & Nematodes to Beetles & Earthworms
Jim Laurie - Soil Ecosystem Health: From Fungi & Nematodes to Beetles & Earthworms
Paul Stamets
Jim Laurie - Soil Ecosystem Health: From Fungi & Nematodes to Beetles & Earthworms
Jim Laurie - Soil Ecosystem Health: From Fungi & Nematodes to Beetles & Earthworms
Jerrie Tipton - 1989
Jim Laurie - Soil Ecosystem Health: From Fungi & Nematodes to Beetles & Earthworms
Jim Laurie - Soil Ecosystem Health: From Fungi & Nematodes to Beetles & Earthworms
Jim Laurie - Soil Ecosystem Health: From Fungi & Nematodes to Beetles & Earthworms
Jim Laurie - Soil Ecosystem Health: From Fungi & Nematodes to Beetles & Earthworms
Jim Laurie - Soil Ecosystem Health: From Fungi & Nematodes to Beetles & Earthworms
Jim Laurie - Soil Ecosystem Health: From Fungi & Nematodes to Beetles & Earthworms
Jim Laurie - Soil Ecosystem Health: From Fungi & Nematodes to Beetles & Earthworms
Jim Laurie - Soil Ecosystem Health: From Fungi & Nematodes to Beetles & Earthworms
Jim Laurie - Soil Ecosystem Health: From Fungi & Nematodes to Beetles & Earthworms
Jim Laurie - Soil Ecosystem Health: From Fungi & Nematodes to Beetles & Earthworms
Thanks to 
Peter 
Donovan
Jim Laurie - Soil Ecosystem Health: From Fungi & Nematodes to Beetles & Earthworms
Jim Laurie - Soil Ecosystem Health: From Fungi & Nematodes to Beetles & Earthworms
South Dakota Infiltration Study 
HM Grazing 10 sec. 
Continuous Grazing 7 min. 
Corn (1st Year) 30 min. 
U Mass Amherst 
Campus 29 min 
53 min 
60+ min. 
Project 
Dandelion
Jim Laurie - Soil Ecosystem Health: From Fungi & Nematodes to Beetles & Earthworms
Methane? 
Methanogens produce 
methane in 
anaerobic conditions. 
Methanotrophs eat 
methane in 
breathing soils. 
Wastewater Lagoons Bury 3 feet deep 
Concrete Floor Dung Beetles 
Where Cow patties?
Jim Laurie 
jimlaurie7@gmail.com 
To find my more complete NOFA 
Presentation on YouTube: 
“Building Deep Rich Soils 
in New England”
Jim Laurie - Soil Ecosystem Health: From Fungi & Nematodes to Beetles & Earthworms

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Jim Laurie - Soil Ecosystem Health: From Fungi & Nematodes to Beetles & Earthworms

  • 2. Biodiversity for a Livable Climate Loss of Biodiversity: Consequences 1. Freshwater: Reduced Availability & Quality 2. Food: Reduced Availability & Quality 3. Disease Processes in Many Species (including Humans) 4. Loss of Climate Stability - Global Warming Jim Laurie jimlaurie7@gmail.com NOFA Presentation YouTube “Building Deep Rich Soils in New England”
  • 3. 6th Extinction ? - Soil ? “Big animals are like the nutrient arteries of the planet and if they go extinct it is like severing these arteries.” Chris Doughty - University of Oxford Environment Change Institute In the late Pleistocene, 97 genera of large animals (megafauna) went extinct, concentrated in the Americas and Australia. Nature Geoscience 6, 761–764 (2013) “Poop Paucity Predicament” - David Biello, Scientific American
  • 11. Soil Extinction 1. MegaFauna Extinction in Australia and Americas 2. Barbed Wire - Herds Can’t Move to “Sweet Grass” 3. Plow - Fragment and Oxidize Soil “Dust Bowl” 4. Pesticides & Chemical Fertilizers We are now inhibiting Photosynthesis by tolerating bare ground. (10 to 15 billion acres) We are inhibiting Humification with agricultural chemicals.
  • 13. CO2 levels rise rapidly >>> Loss of Polar Ice >>> Ocean Anoxia >>> H2S bubbles out of oceans.
  • 16. “When you understand the power of self-organization, you begin to understand why biologists worship biodiversity even more than economists worship technology.” “Hierarchical Systems evolve from the bottom up. The purpose of the upper layers of the hierarchy is to serve the purposes of the lower layers.” from Thinking in Systems by Donella Meadows Places to Intervene in a System 12. Numbers - “Mostly, the numbers are not worth the sweat put into them” (I’ll skip a few.) 4. Self-Organizing Systems (John Todd & Eco-Machines) 3. Goals (What do you want? - Allan Savory & HM) 2. Paradigms (Lynn Margulis - Microbial Symbiosis) 1. Transforming Paradigms (questioning your own beliefs and paradigms)
  • 21. Lab Results In Out Ammonia, ppm 20.51 1.07 (NH3) Chloroform, ppb 14.4 0.3 (CHCl3) BPA, ppb 513 7 (hormone disruptor)
  • 22. Lynn Margulis - Symbiosis is a key to evolution.
  • 24. More Poop More Possibilities and More Fungi More Future
  • 32. Greg Judy’s Goal: 25 earthworms / sq. ft. 100 tons castings / acre http://www.greenpasturesfarm.net/ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W6HGKSvjk5Q
  • 33. Christine Jones - AmazingCarbon.com CO2 >> Glucose >> Humus & Glomalin
  • 34. Long sticky molecules outside the cell. Humus Glomalin
  • 53. Thanks to Peter Donovan
  • 56. South Dakota Infiltration Study HM Grazing 10 sec. Continuous Grazing 7 min. Corn (1st Year) 30 min. U Mass Amherst Campus 29 min 53 min 60+ min. Project Dandelion
  • 58. Methane? Methanogens produce methane in anaerobic conditions. Methanotrophs eat methane in breathing soils. Wastewater Lagoons Bury 3 feet deep Concrete Floor Dung Beetles Where Cow patties?
  • 59. Jim Laurie jimlaurie7@gmail.com To find my more complete NOFA Presentation on YouTube: “Building Deep Rich Soils in New England”