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Research Task 1 
Beth Nayar
Postmodernism 
According to the Oxford English dictionary Postmodernism is 
“A late 20th-century style and concept in the arts, architecture, 
and criticism, which represents a departure from modernism 
and is characterized by the self-conscious use of earlier styles 
and conventions, a mixing of different artistic styles and media, 
and a general distrust of theories.” 
In film this means that it allows producers to challenge 
conventions forms and ideologies. There are three ways in how 
this applies to the media: 
-Challenging metanarratives 
-Intertextuality/ Pastiche 
-Hyperreality
Challenging Meta-narratives 
To challenge meta-narratives 
is to challenge the main 
ideologies in society. 
For example, in films such as 
Kill Bill and Sin city they have 
strong powerful women as 
the main characters which 
challenges the idea of the 
classic male protagonist. 
Narratives can be non-linear or use anti-narrative 
devices such as freeze frame and time remapping. 
Time remapping is used to create a visual effect to your 
video. Allowing you to change the speed, either speed 
up or slow down, or to create freeze frames. 
Such as 
The Matrix bullet dodge: 
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kc4cBiSXoCs 
The Hurt locker: 
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5ISaajQF0eM 
A view of New York City: 
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LZ3BLcBz9Ls
Intertextuality/Pastic 
Pastiche Is an he 
example of 
intertextuality. 
Intertextuality is 
the defining of a 
work’s meaning 
through the 
understanding of 
other texts. 
Pastiche is the imitation of 
a text’s features by 
another text. It could be in 
the same style or feature 
similar motifs or even be a 
copy of the original. 
Unlike parody, pastiche is 
intended as a compliment 
to the original, rather than 
a comic effect. 
Pastiche is prominent 
In popular culture. Many 
Genre pieces, particularly 
In fantasy, are essentially 
Pastiches. George Lucas’ 
Star wars series is often 
Considered to be a pastiche 
Of traditional science fiction 
Television serials or radio shows.
Hyperreality 
• Hyperreality is basically a 
simulation or 
representation of reality. 
It distorts the reality that 
we know, or sometimes 
doesn’t even depict 
anything with a real 
existence at all. 
Eco believes that Disneyland with its 
settings such as Main Street and full 
sized houses has been created to look 
"absolutely realistic," taking visitors' 
imagination to a "fantastic past.“ This 
false reality creates an illusion and makes 
it more desirable for people to buy this 
reality.

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Postmodernism

  • 1. Research Task 1 Beth Nayar
  • 2. Postmodernism According to the Oxford English dictionary Postmodernism is “A late 20th-century style and concept in the arts, architecture, and criticism, which represents a departure from modernism and is characterized by the self-conscious use of earlier styles and conventions, a mixing of different artistic styles and media, and a general distrust of theories.” In film this means that it allows producers to challenge conventions forms and ideologies. There are three ways in how this applies to the media: -Challenging metanarratives -Intertextuality/ Pastiche -Hyperreality
  • 3. Challenging Meta-narratives To challenge meta-narratives is to challenge the main ideologies in society. For example, in films such as Kill Bill and Sin city they have strong powerful women as the main characters which challenges the idea of the classic male protagonist. Narratives can be non-linear or use anti-narrative devices such as freeze frame and time remapping. Time remapping is used to create a visual effect to your video. Allowing you to change the speed, either speed up or slow down, or to create freeze frames. Such as The Matrix bullet dodge: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kc4cBiSXoCs The Hurt locker: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5ISaajQF0eM A view of New York City: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LZ3BLcBz9Ls
  • 4. Intertextuality/Pastic Pastiche Is an he example of intertextuality. Intertextuality is the defining of a work’s meaning through the understanding of other texts. Pastiche is the imitation of a text’s features by another text. It could be in the same style or feature similar motifs or even be a copy of the original. Unlike parody, pastiche is intended as a compliment to the original, rather than a comic effect. Pastiche is prominent In popular culture. Many Genre pieces, particularly In fantasy, are essentially Pastiches. George Lucas’ Star wars series is often Considered to be a pastiche Of traditional science fiction Television serials or radio shows.
  • 5. Hyperreality • Hyperreality is basically a simulation or representation of reality. It distorts the reality that we know, or sometimes doesn’t even depict anything with a real existence at all. Eco believes that Disneyland with its settings such as Main Street and full sized houses has been created to look "absolutely realistic," taking visitors' imagination to a "fantastic past.“ This false reality creates an illusion and makes it more desirable for people to buy this reality.