Graphite's current uses, future applications and supply & demand dynamics.

1. The Graphite Story
Graphite's current uses, future applications
and supply & demand dynamics
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2. The Graphite Story
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One of 3 types of carbon: Graphite, Diamonds and Coal all share chemical formula C.
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Mineral Forms: Natural (Flake, Amorphous) and Synthetic (Powders).
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Natural Large Flake Graphite demand is increasing.
• Flake size and purity dictates price
(Large Flake +80 mesh).
• Growing demand from traditional
industries, new industrial applications
and green energy technologies.
Graphite Overview

3. Why Graphite?
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Application for graphitic material is constantly evolving due to it’s unique
chemical and thermal properties.
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Maintains its stability and strength under temperatures in excess of 3,600ºC.
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High natural lubricating abilities.
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High conductor of heat and electricity.
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One of the lightest of all reinforcing elements.
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Very resistant to chemical corrosion, heat and oxidization.
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These key physical and chemical properties make it critical to modern industry.
•
Considered a strategic element by many leading industrial nations. U.S.A.,
Europe and China have included graphite among a short list of critical materials.
Graphite Overview

4. End users of Graphite
Traditional uses in Modern Industry
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Steel Making - added to raise carbon content.
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Electrodes in electric arc furnaces
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Brake pad linings
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Dry lubricants
New Technologies and Clean Energy
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Fuel cells, which power hybrid and electric vehicles.
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Lithium Ion Batteries in portable consumer devices, laptops, smartphones etc.
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Heat spreaders in tablet computers, flat panel displays etc.
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Lining for modern Pebble Bed Nuclear Reactors.
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Development of Graphene - known as the miracle material of the 21st century.
Graphite Overview

5. Graphite – Supply and Demand
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Industrial demand growing 5% per annum over the last 10 years due to
industrialization of emerging economies such as China and India.
•
European Union and USA named graphite a mineral in critical supply.
•
Lack of exploration and development over recent decades and China producing 70%
of the world’s Graphite has raised concerns over securing long-term, stable sources
of supply.
•
Chinese production and exports expected to decline due to consolidation of existing
mines and focus on domestic supply chain for down stream manufacturing.
•
Approximately 30% of Chinese Graphite is Flake and the majority of this is small
(+200/-80 mesh range). Production of Large Flake (+80 mesh) in China is declining.
•
Clean technology applications have the potential to consume more graphite than all
current uses combined.
Graphite Overview

6. TSX.V BKR
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R. Brian Buchanan, CEO & Director
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Karim Sayani, Corporate Communications
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6th Floor - 890 West Pender Street
Vancouver, BC V6C 1J9
Tel: +1 (604) 662-7455
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Tom Steer, Corporate Development
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