This document describes the design of a multi-tenant data center network fabric using EVPN-IRB. It discusses the objectives of operational simplicity, workload placement flexibility, efficient bandwidth utilization, and multi-tenancy. It then describes the key components of the solution including BGP EVPN for control plane, overlay IRB for inter-subnet routing, distributed anycast gateways for workload mobility, and how the control and data planes interact for host learning and traffic forwarding.
Demystifying EVPN in the data center: Part 1 in 2 episode seriesCumulus Networks
Network operators are slowly but surely embracing L3-based leaf-spine designs. However, either due to legacy applications or certain multi-tenancy requirements, the need for L2 across racks is still present. How do you solve the problem of providing L2 across multiple racks? EVPN is quickly emerging as the best answer to this question.
In this episode of our 2-part series on EVPN, we start with a discussion of the use cases, a review of the technologies EVPN competes with, and dive into an evaluation of the pros and cons of each.
For a recording of the live event, go to http://go.cumulusnetworks.com/l/32472/2017-09-22/95t27t
Operationalizing EVPN in the Data Center: Part 2Cumulus Networks
In the second of our two-part series on EVPN, Cumulus Networks Chief Scientist Dinesh Dutt dives into more technical details of network routing, EVPN use cases, and best practices for operationalizing EVPN in the data center.
To view the recording of this webinar, visit http://go.cumulusnetworks.com/l/32472/2017-09-23/95t7xh
Building DataCenter networks with VXLAN BGP-EVPNCisco Canada
The session specifically covers the requirements and approaches for deploying the Underlay, Overlay as well as the inter-Fabric connectivity of Data Center Networks or Fabrics. Within the VXLAN BGP-EVPN based Overlay, we focus on the insights like forwarding and control plane functions which are critical to the simplicity operation of the architecture in achieving scale, small failure domains and consistent configuration. To complete the overlay view on VXLAN BGP-EVPN, we are going to the insides of BGP and its EVPN address-familiy and extend to about how multiple DC Fabric can be interconnected within, either as stretched Fabrics or with true DCI. The session concludes with a brief overview of manageability functions, network orchestration capabilities and multi-tenancy details. This Advanced session is intended for network, design and operation engineers from Enterprises to Service Providers.
Demystifying EVPN in the data center: Part 1 in 2 episode seriesCumulus Networks
Network operators are slowly but surely embracing L3-based leaf-spine designs. However, either due to legacy applications or certain multi-tenancy requirements, the need for L2 across racks is still present. How do you solve the problem of providing L2 across multiple racks? EVPN is quickly emerging as the best answer to this question.
In this episode of our 2-part series on EVPN, we start with a discussion of the use cases, a review of the technologies EVPN competes with, and dive into an evaluation of the pros and cons of each.
For a recording of the live event, go to http://go.cumulusnetworks.com/l/32472/2017-09-22/95t27t
Operationalizing EVPN in the Data Center: Part 2Cumulus Networks
In the second of our two-part series on EVPN, Cumulus Networks Chief Scientist Dinesh Dutt dives into more technical details of network routing, EVPN use cases, and best practices for operationalizing EVPN in the data center.
To view the recording of this webinar, visit http://go.cumulusnetworks.com/l/32472/2017-09-23/95t7xh
Building DataCenter networks with VXLAN BGP-EVPNCisco Canada
The session specifically covers the requirements and approaches for deploying the Underlay, Overlay as well as the inter-Fabric connectivity of Data Center Networks or Fabrics. Within the VXLAN BGP-EVPN based Overlay, we focus on the insights like forwarding and control plane functions which are critical to the simplicity operation of the architecture in achieving scale, small failure domains and consistent configuration. To complete the overlay view on VXLAN BGP-EVPN, we are going to the insides of BGP and its EVPN address-familiy and extend to about how multiple DC Fabric can be interconnected within, either as stretched Fabrics or with true DCI. The session concludes with a brief overview of manageability functions, network orchestration capabilities and multi-tenancy details. This Advanced session is intended for network, design and operation engineers from Enterprises to Service Providers.
Many network operators still struggle with which type of data-plane encoding they should use for segment routing. The world is hyper-connected and we can’t afford to be late to deliver 5G. Using IPv4, IPv6 and MPLS data-plane encoding keeps us moving forward.
Tutorial: Using GoBGP as an IXP connecting routerShu Sugimoto
- Show you how GoBGP can be used as a software router in conjunction with quagga
- (Tutorial) Walk through the setup of IXP connecting router using GoBGP
This presentation covers the basics about OpenvSwitch and its components. OpenvSwitch is a Open Source implementation of OpenFlow by the Nicira team.
It also also talks about OpenvSwitch and its role in OpenStack Networking
Many network operators still struggle with which type of data-plane encoding they should use for segment routing. The world is hyper-connected and we can’t afford to be late to deliver 5G. Using IPv4, IPv6 and MPLS data-plane encoding keeps us moving forward.
Tutorial: Using GoBGP as an IXP connecting routerShu Sugimoto
- Show you how GoBGP can be used as a software router in conjunction with quagga
- (Tutorial) Walk through the setup of IXP connecting router using GoBGP
This presentation covers the basics about OpenvSwitch and its components. OpenvSwitch is a Open Source implementation of OpenFlow by the Nicira team.
It also also talks about OpenvSwitch and its role in OpenStack Networking
Multicloud as the Next Generation of Cloud Infrastructure Brad Eckert
So, what are data center networks really built for? Short answer "applications".
Whether it is a public cloud provider, private enterprise, FSI or telco cloud - the nature of applications across each data center type impose a different set of demands on the underlying network infrastructure. A next-generation architecture is one that is versatile yet modular enough to address these different application needs, whether these are HPC and Big Data, legacy or real-time content. A common architecture goal is for a unified and consolidated network design that can leverage standardized technology attributes and can integrate a versatile workload environment be it high-performance bare metal servers to a microservices enabled container environment. This tutorial is aimed at an in-depth structured understanding of data center business and technical requirements and how EVPN-VXLAN constructs serve as a swiss-knife approach to achieve the same. Practical case study examples that translate theoretical concepts into building blocks for designing and automating multi-tenant data center deployments. Explore how a unified technology solution can help build a network that grows with increasing east-west traffic, seamlessly connects with the backbone for north-south communication while leveraging familiar protocol concepts to achieve security insertion. We will also go over operator issues with traffic optimization, multicast and BUM traffic handling and other common pitfalls. A final step would be to define requirements for a cohesive solution using a centralized controller that enables a data center network operator to leverage the same degree of agility and visibility for both the physical network and the application infrastructure to truly build a software-defined data center.
OpenStack Networks the Web-Scale Way - Scott Laffer, Cumulus NetworksOpenStack
Audience Level
Beginner
Synopsis
Layer 2 versus Layer 3, MLAG, Spanning-Tree, switch mechanism drivers, overlays and routing-on-the-host — What scales and what does not? The underlying plumbing of an OpenStack network is something you’d rather not have to think about. This presentation examines the network architectures of web-scale and large enterprise OpenStack users and how those same efficiencies can be used in deployments of all sizes.
Speaker Bio:
Scott is a Member of Technical Staff at Cumulus Networks where he designs, supports and deploys web-scale technologies and architectures in enterprise networks globally. Prior to becoming a founding member of the Cumulus office in Australia, Scott started his career as a network administrator before joining Cisco Systems to support their data centre products.
OpenStack Australia Day Melbourne 2017
https://events.aptira.com/openstack-australia-day-melbourne-2017/
Network Management and Flow Analysis in Today’s Dense IT EnvironmentsSolarWinds
For more information on NetFlow Traffic Analyzer visit: http://www.solarwinds.com/products/network-traffic-analyzer/info.aspx
For more information on IP SLA visit: http://www.solarwinds.com/products/ip-sla-monitoring/info.aspx
Watch this webcast: http://www.solarwinds.com/resources/webcasts/network-management-and-flow-analysis-in-today-dense-it-environments.html
In the 1990’s, when the Internet and enterprise network build-out occurred you had to manage individual intersite WAN connections and single-purpose networking equipment. Network management required managing devices and their basic functions. Today, multifunctional and virtual devices are common. New device types and services are going to market every day.
During this webcast, we discuss network management and flow analysis evolved to keep pace with today’s complicated and dense IT environments. Specifically we’ll discuss managing data centers, changes in WAN technologies and WAN management, and best practices for flow analysis, including where to deploy flow exporters.
VMworld 2013: Designing Network Virtualization for Data-Centers: Greenfield D...VMworld
VMworld 2013
Ben Basler, VMware
Roberto Mari, VMware
Learn more about VMworld and register at http://www.vmworld.com/index.jspa?src=socmed-vmworld-slideshare
Network Function Virtualization (NFV) BoF, by Santanu Dasgupta.
A presentation given at the APNIC 40 APNIC Network Function Virtualization (NFV) BoF session on Tue, 8 Sep 2015.
Rajesh Kumar Sundararajan, Assistant VP of Product Management at Aricent, gave a talk about TRILL and Datacenter technologies at the Interop Show in Las Vegas, May 2012.
VMworld 2013: Bringing Network Virtualization to VMware Environments with NSX VMworld
VMworld 2013
Rajiv Krishnamurthy, VMware
Manish Mittal, VMware
Learn more about VMworld and register at http://www.vmworld.com/index.jspa?src=socmed-vmworld-slideshare
Neutron Done the SDN Way
Dragonflow is an open source distributed control plane implementation of Neutron which is an integral part of OpenStack. Dragonflow introduces innovative solutions and features to implement networking and distributed network services in a manner that is both lightweight and simple to extend, yet targeted towards performance-intensive and latency-sensitive applications. Dragonflow aims at solving the performance
Tech Talk by John Casey (CTO) CPLANE_NETWORKS : High Performance OpenStack Ne...nvirters
OpenStack is HOT! No doubt about it. A recent survey by The New Stack and The Linux Foundation shows OpenStack as the most popular open source project ahead of other hot projects like Docker and KVM. OpenStack is now taking its rightful place as the open source cloud solution for enterprises and service providers.
To date OpenStack networking has not yet achieved the performance, scalability and reliability that many large enterprises demand. CPLANE NETWORKS solves that problem by delivering secure multi-tenant virtual networking that overcomes the limitations of the standard Neutron networking service. By making all networking services local to the compute node and achieving near line-rate throughput, CPLANE NETWORKS Dynamic Virtual Networks (DVN) delivers mega-scale networking for the most demanding application environments.
In this session John Casey will cover the basics of DVN and explain how CPLANE NETWORKS achieves "at scale" network performance within and across data centers.
About John Casey
John Casey has over 20 years of deep technology leadership. His proven success with a variety of technical leadership roles in Telecom, Enterprise and Government and in software design and development provide the foundation for the system architecture and engineering team.
Previously John led worldwide deployment teams for both IBM’s Software Group and Narus, Inc. His work in large scale, high performance system design at Transarc Labs and Walker Interactive Systems brings leadership to the CPLANE NETWORKS product suite.
LF Energy Webinar: Electrical Grid Modelling and Simulation Through PowSyBl -...DanBrown980551
Do you want to learn how to model and simulate an electrical network from scratch in under an hour?
Then welcome to this PowSyBl workshop, hosted by Rte, the French Transmission System Operator (TSO)!
During the webinar, you will discover the PowSyBl ecosystem as well as handle and study an electrical network through an interactive Python notebook.
PowSyBl is an open source project hosted by LF Energy, which offers a comprehensive set of features for electrical grid modelling and simulation. Among other advanced features, PowSyBl provides:
- A fully editable and extendable library for grid component modelling;
- Visualization tools to display your network;
- Grid simulation tools, such as power flows, security analyses (with or without remedial actions) and sensitivity analyses;
The framework is mostly written in Java, with a Python binding so that Python developers can access PowSyBl functionalities as well.
What you will learn during the webinar:
- For beginners: discover PowSyBl's functionalities through a quick general presentation and the notebook, without needing any expert coding skills;
- For advanced developers: master the skills to efficiently apply PowSyBl functionalities to your real-world scenarios.
Essentials of Automations: Optimizing FME Workflows with ParametersSafe Software
Are you looking to streamline your workflows and boost your projects’ efficiency? Do you find yourself searching for ways to add flexibility and control over your FME workflows? If so, you’re in the right place.
Join us for an insightful dive into the world of FME parameters, a critical element in optimizing workflow efficiency. This webinar marks the beginning of our three-part “Essentials of Automation” series. This first webinar is designed to equip you with the knowledge and skills to utilize parameters effectively: enhancing the flexibility, maintainability, and user control of your FME projects.
Here’s what you’ll gain:
- Essentials of FME Parameters: Understand the pivotal role of parameters, including Reader/Writer, Transformer, User, and FME Flow categories. Discover how they are the key to unlocking automation and optimization within your workflows.
- Practical Applications in FME Form: Delve into key user parameter types including choice, connections, and file URLs. Allow users to control how a workflow runs, making your workflows more reusable. Learn to import values and deliver the best user experience for your workflows while enhancing accuracy.
- Optimization Strategies in FME Flow: Explore the creation and strategic deployment of parameters in FME Flow, including the use of deployment and geometry parameters, to maximize workflow efficiency.
- Pro Tips for Success: Gain insights on parameterizing connections and leveraging new features like Conditional Visibility for clarity and simplicity.
We’ll wrap up with a glimpse into future webinars, followed by a Q&A session to address your specific questions surrounding this topic.
Don’t miss this opportunity to elevate your FME expertise and drive your projects to new heights of efficiency.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 4DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 4. In this session, we will cover Test Manager overview along with SAP heatmap.
The UiPath Test Manager overview with SAP heatmap webinar offers a concise yet comprehensive exploration of the role of a Test Manager within SAP environments, coupled with the utilization of heatmaps for effective testing strategies.
Participants will gain insights into the responsibilities, challenges, and best practices associated with test management in SAP projects. Additionally, the webinar delves into the significance of heatmaps as a visual aid for identifying testing priorities, areas of risk, and resource allocation within SAP landscapes. Through this session, attendees can expect to enhance their understanding of test management principles while learning practical approaches to optimize testing processes in SAP environments using heatmap visualization techniques
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into SAP testing best practices
2. Heatmap utilization for testing
3. Optimization of testing processes
4. Demo
Topics covered:
Execution from the test manager
Orchestrator execution result
Defect reporting
SAP heatmap example with demo
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
Key Trends Shaping the Future of Infrastructure.pdfCheryl Hung
Keynote at DIGIT West Expo, Glasgow on 29 May 2024.
Cheryl Hung, ochery.com
Sr Director, Infrastructure Ecosystem, Arm.
The key trends across hardware, cloud and open-source; exploring how these areas are likely to mature and develop over the short and long-term, and then considering how organisations can position themselves to adapt and thrive.
DevOps and Testing slides at DASA ConnectKari Kakkonen
My and Rik Marselis slides at 30.5.2024 DASA Connect conference. We discuss about what is testing, then what is agile testing and finally what is Testing in DevOps. Finally we had lovely workshop with the participants trying to find out different ways to think about quality and testing in different parts of the DevOps infinity loop.
"Impact of front-end architecture on development cost", Viktor TurskyiFwdays
I have heard many times that architecture is not important for the front-end. Also, many times I have seen how developers implement features on the front-end just following the standard rules for a framework and think that this is enough to successfully launch the project, and then the project fails. How to prevent this and what approach to choose? I have launched dozens of complex projects and during the talk we will analyze which approaches have worked for me and which have not.
Epistemic Interaction - tuning interfaces to provide information for AI supportAlan Dix
Paper presented at SYNERGY workshop at AVI 2024, Genoa, Italy. 3rd June 2024
https://alandix.com/academic/papers/synergy2024-epistemic/
As machine learning integrates deeper into human-computer interactions, the concept of epistemic interaction emerges, aiming to refine these interactions to enhance system adaptability. This approach encourages minor, intentional adjustments in user behaviour to enrich the data available for system learning. This paper introduces epistemic interaction within the context of human-system communication, illustrating how deliberate interaction design can improve system understanding and adaptation. Through concrete examples, we demonstrate the potential of epistemic interaction to significantly advance human-computer interaction by leveraging intuitive human communication strategies to inform system design and functionality, offering a novel pathway for enriching user-system engagements.
Builder.ai Founder Sachin Dev Duggal's Strategic Approach to Create an Innova...Ramesh Iyer
In today's fast-changing business world, Companies that adapt and embrace new ideas often need help to keep up with the competition. However, fostering a culture of innovation takes much work. It takes vision, leadership and willingness to take risks in the right proportion. Sachin Dev Duggal, co-founder of Builder.ai, has perfected the art of this balance, creating a company culture where creativity and growth are nurtured at each stage.
PHP Frameworks: I want to break free (IPC Berlin 2024)Ralf Eggert
In this presentation, we examine the challenges and limitations of relying too heavily on PHP frameworks in web development. We discuss the history of PHP and its frameworks to understand how this dependence has evolved. The focus will be on providing concrete tips and strategies to reduce reliance on these frameworks, based on real-world examples and practical considerations. The goal is to equip developers with the skills and knowledge to create more flexible and future-proof web applications. We'll explore the importance of maintaining autonomy in a rapidly changing tech landscape and how to make informed decisions in PHP development.
This talk is aimed at encouraging a more independent approach to using PHP frameworks, moving towards a more flexible and future-proof approach to PHP development.
Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey 2024 by 91mobiles.pdf91mobiles
91mobiles recently conducted a Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey in which we asked over 3,000 respondents about the TV they own, aspects they look at on a new TV, and their TV buying preferences.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 3DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 3. In this session, we will cover desktop automation along with UI automation.
Topics covered:
UI automation Introduction,
UI automation Sample
Desktop automation flow
Pradeep Chinnala, Senior Consultant Automation Developer @WonderBotz and UiPath MVP
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
Neuro-symbolic is not enough, we need neuro-*semantic*Frank van Harmelen
Neuro-symbolic (NeSy) AI is on the rise. However, simply machine learning on just any symbolic structure is not sufficient to really harvest the gains of NeSy. These will only be gained when the symbolic structures have an actual semantics. I give an operational definition of semantics as “predictable inference”.
All of this illustrated with link prediction over knowledge graphs, but the argument is general.
5. Why not VPLS?
Why not use
VPLS in DC?
Simply not
designed for
DC use-case
L2 Only
No All-Active
Redundancy
No per-flow
ECMP
Load-balancing
Flood and Learn
MAC learning
Is
Sub-optimal
13. BGP EVPN – MAC and IP Learning
• MAC/IP addresses are advertised along with L2 and L3 VPN encap (MPLS label or VNID ) to rest of
Leafs via MAC+IP RT-2
• IP Prefix routes are advertised via BGP EVPN via RT-5
Leaf
Spine
Data Plane, ARP, ND
learning from the hosts
VMVM VMVM
RR RR
EVPN Route Type 2 carries MAC
and IP reachability with L2+L3 VPN
encapsulation, L2+L3 RTs
RD
Ethernet Segment Identifier
Ethernet Tag ID
MAC Address Length
MAC Address
IP Address Length
IP Address
MPLS Label1
MPLS Label2
20. VMVM
IP-1 MAC-1
Leaf-3Leaf-1
MAC IP ESI Seq. Next-Hop
MAC-1 IP-1 0 1 Leaf-3
Leaf-4
ESI-1
Leaf-2
Sequence number is incremented and
Next-hop is changed to Leaf-3
VM Mobility, continued
23. Leaf-1 Leaf-2 Leaf-3
Spine Spine
Leaf-4
VM
VLAN-1 VLAN-1
VM
VLAN-2 VLAN-2
VM VM
Leaf-5
VM
VLAN-2
Bridging on the leaf
Centralized Routing
• east<->west routed traffic traverses to centralized L3 gateways
• Scale bottleneck:
• Centralized have full ARP/MAC state in the DC
• Centralized GW needs to host all DC subnets
IRB-1
GW MAC
IRB-2
GW MAC
IRB-1
GW MAC
IRB-2
GW MAC
Centralized Routing
on the Spine
Bridging on the leaf
L3
L2
24. Distributed Routing – Asymmetric IRB
• Egress subnet is always local
• Inter-subnet packets routed directly to destination VM’s DMAC
• Scale bottleneck:
• All egress subnets needs to be present on ingress leaf
• Ingress leaf maintains ARP/ND state every egress leaf
Leaf-2 Leaf-3
Spine Spine
Leaf-4
VM
VLAN-1 VLAN-1
VM
VLAN-2 VLAN-2
VM VM
Leaf-5
VM
VLAN-2
Routed and Bridged
to remote VM
IRB-1
GW MAC
IRB-2
GW MAC
IRB-1
GW MAC
IRB-2
GW MAC
IP or MPLS Transport
(underlay routing)
Bridging to local VM
MAC
IRB-2
GW MAC
VLAN-2
IRB-2
GW MAC
VRF
L3
L2
25. Leaf-2 Leaf-3
Spine Spine
Leaf-4
VM
VLAN-1 VLAN-1
VM
VLAN-2 VLAN-2
VM VM
Leaf-5
VM
VLAN-2
Routed to remote
leaf
Distributed Routing – Symmetric IRB
IRB-1
GW MAC
IRB-2
GW MAC
IRB-1
GW MAC
IRB-2
GW MAC
IP or MPLS Transport
(underlay routing)
Routed to local VM
IRB-2
GW MAC
VRF
• Remote VM IP is installed like a VPN IP route recursively over remote leaf next-hop
• No adjacencies to remote hosts even if the subnet is local
• Subnet does not need to be local on ingress leaf unless there are local hosts
L3
L2
27. Leaf-2 Leaf-3
Spine Spine
Leaf-4
VM
VLAN-1 VLAN-1
VM
VLAN-2 VLAN-2
VM VM
Leaf-5
VM
VLAN-2
Any-cast GW IP and
MAC for subnet-a
Symmetric IRB – Distributed Any-cast GW
• Any-cast GW IP and Any-cast GW MAC configured on ALL leafs with local subnet
• Essentially, Subnet GW is distributed across ALL leafs with local subnet
GW IP-a
GW MAC-a
GW IP-b
GW MAC-
b
GW IP-a
GW MAC-a
GW IP-b
GW MAC-
b
GW IP-b
GW MAC-
b
VLAN-2
GW IP-b
GW MAC-
b
VRF
VM
Any-cast GW IP and
MAC for subnet-a
Any-cast GW IP and
MAC for subnet-b
Any-cast GW IP and
MAC for subnet-b
Any-cast GW IP and
MAC for subnet-b
29. Leaf-2 Leaf-3
Spine Spine
Leaf-4
VM-a
VLAN-1 VLAN-1
VM
VLAN-2 VLAN-2
VM VM-b
Leaf-5
VM
VLAN-2
Host Learning - ARP REQUEST contd.
1. IP packet destined to VM-b triggers ARP for VM-b on Leaf-1 from any-cast GW IP-b and any-cast GW MAC-b
2. ARP to VM-b flooded to all remote leafs where VLAN-b is stretched (via EVPN RT-3 enabled IR)
3. Leafs flood on local BD ports
GW IP-a
GW MAC-a
GW IP-b
GW MAC-
b
GW IP-a
GW MAC-a
GW IP-b
GW MAC-
b
GW IP-b
GW MAC-
b
VLAN-2
GW IP-b
GW MAC-
b
VRF
VM
DIP: VM-b
DIP: VM-b
ARP: VM-b
ARP: VM-b ARP: VM-b ARP: VM-b
ARP: VM-b
RT-2: VM-a
30. Leaf-2 Leaf-3
Spine-RR Spine
Leaf-4
VM-a
VLAN-1 VLAN-1
VM
VLAN-2 VLAN-2
VM VM-b
Leaf-5
VM
VLAN-2
Host Learning – ARP REPLY, MAC+IP RT-2
GW IP-a
GW MAC-a
GW IP-b
GW MAC-
b
GW IP-a
GW MAC-a
GW IP-b
GW MAC-
b
GW IP-b
GW MAC-
b
VLAN-2
GW IP-b
GW MAC-
b
VRF
VM
ARP: VM-b
ARP REPLY:
VM-b
VM-b-MAC
GW MAC-b
ARP: VM-b
• ARP REPLY to GW MAC-b
consumed on Leaf-4 and
installed in ARP table
• EVPN MAC+IP RT-2
advertised to remote leafs
via RR
EVPN RT-2
RD: Leaf-4:
IVM-b--MAC
VM-b-IP
L23VPN LABEL / VNI
L2 VPN LABEL / VNI
NH-Leaf-4
L3-RT, L2-RT
VM-b MAC Reachability installed in MAC-VRF across remote leafs
VM-b IP Reachability installed in IP-VRF across remote leafs as BGP L3VPN route independent of subnet
being local or not
31. Leaf-2 Leaf-3
Spine Spine
Leaf-4
VM-a
VLAN-1 VLAN-1
VM
VLAN-2 VLAN-2
VM VM-b
Leaf-5
VM
VLAN-2
Routed to remote leaf
IP VRF-a:
IP-b/32 -> Leaf-4, L3VPN Label
Inter-subnet traffic to VM-b
IRB-1
GW MAC
IRB-2
GW MAC
IRB-1
GW MAC
IRB-2
GW MAC
IP or MPLS Transport
(underlay routing)
Routed to local VM-b
IP VRF-a:
IP-b/32 -> BVI ARP adjacency
IRB-2
GW MAC
VLAN-2
IRB-2
GW MAC
VRF-a
VM
32. Leaf-2 Leaf-3
Spine Spine
Leaf-4
VM-a
VLAN-1 VLAN-1
VM
VLAN-2 VLAN-2
VM VM-b
Leaf-5
VM
VLAN-2
Bridged to remote leaf next-hop
MAC-VRF:
MAC-b -> Leaf-4, L2VPN Label
Intra-subnet traffic to VM-b
IRB-1
GW MAC
IRB-2
GW MAC
IRB-1
GW MAC
IRB-2
GW MAC
IP or MPLS Transport
(underlay routing)
IRB-2
GW MAC
VLAN-2
IRB-2
GW MAC
VRF
VM
Bridged to local VM-b MAC
MAC-VRF:
MAC-b -> BE1.1
