How Organizations Can Benefit From Embracing Organizational Development

Description Of An Article On How Organizations Development...
Introduction The title of the article gives a slight insinuation that organization development is not
appreciated as much as it should be embraced by those who could benefit from its services.
According to the authors, there are four areas that seem to be viewed as divergent. Oxford
Dictionaries, defines divergent as "Tending to be different or develop in different directions"
(divergent: definition of divergent in Oxford dictionary (American English) (US), n.d.). Therefore,
instead of viewing these OD processes as divisive or multidirectional, it is also possible to view
them as complimentary. These four areas are: "development versus change, episodic versus
continuous change, planned versus emergent change, and diagnostic versus dialogic OD"
(Cummings, T. & Cummings, C., 2014, p. 141). Viewing OD techniques in new or more correct
ways that would enhance its processes and perception is of benefit to not only the practitioner, but
also its clients. OD's desire is to make clear its intentions to be socially, economically, and
humanistically sound as a discipline. Summary and Purpose of the Article A main concern of OD is
to meet the needs of clients in a timely manner especially in regard to change. Correcting erroneous
perceptions and the incorrect use of techniques assists both the OD researcher and practitioner in
achieving goals and results. Constant change is not only an issue for organizations, but also the OD
discipline which is continually challenged to think in
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Neil Alexander Dialogic Research
Dialogic teaching, as Maybin discovered, gives the chance for pupils to develop their talk and their
thinking, so that talk becomes, as Alexander (2003) explains: 'A purposeful and productive dialogue
where questions, answers, feedback (and feedforward) progressively build into coherent and
expanding chains of enquiry and understanding' (27). Alexander puts forward five principles which
he says bring together the essential features of dialogic teaching in the classroom: Collective:
teachers and children address learning tasks together, whether as a group or as a class, rather than in
isolation. Reciprocal: teachers and children listen to each other, share ideas and consider alternative
views; Supportive: children speak their ideas liberally, without fear of humiliation over 'wrong'
answers; and they help each other to reach common findings; Cumulative: teachers and children
build on their own and each other's concepts and develop them into refined statements that will
guide their learning; Purposeful: teachers plan and facilitate dialogic teaching with particular
educational goals in view; which is a steering mechanism to maximise learning within a specific
timeframe (National Literacy Trust,2012). We can see the National Literacy Trust understand that ...
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His work highlights the importance of social background and context to learning through talk and
the value of teamwork within the classroom, to create a shared experience of learning. Through talk
and thinking he categorised three differing models of speaking and thinking: disputational talk,
cumulative talk and exploratory

Go Back To Where You Came From Analysis
In video 1 of Go Back to Where You Came From, Darren Hassan (a businessman from Adelaide) is
questioning his new host, Wasmi, about the reasons he did not have his documentation. Darren's
original stance was noted that all those coming in the country without documentation should be
expatriated (12:38). Furthermore, he alludes that they are intentionally destroying their documents
and that their reasons for doing so are immoral. The communication between the two men was
dialogic. Wasmi shares that his documents were taken by force and had he refused to comply he
would have been killed. He continues to explain that had he not left Iraq, he also would have likely
been killed. "Dialogue requires that one know the ground from which one speaks, meet the ... Show
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The farm worker explains that they work in exchange for food and shelter and do not seek work
elsewhere for fear of being arrested. Adam communicates the different reality for Australian laborers
stating "guys laboring have got a pay check to go to, to get the luxuries in life". It is a moment of
dialogic communication, where each party familiar with their own position, listens to each other and
exchanges their differing realities. An ethical element exists in this conversation. For "in ethical
communication, we recognize that persons, narrative ground, and the historical situation shape,
guide and restrain our actions" (p. 94). Both individuals gained knowledge from the presence of
dialogue. It is difficult to predict how sharing alternate perspectives may impact another. Adam may
now possess a deeper appreciation for his charmed life. Moreover, the illegal farm worker may have
a newfound dedication to his dream of achieving such fortune conditions for himself and his family.
Either way, much can be learned when seeing life through a different

International Research Symposium Accounting Information...
Introduction
Accounting Information System, also known as AIS, is a system that collects, stores and processes
accounting and financial data for decision makers, is a common definition of AIS. An AIS is
commonly a computer based method for tracking accounting information in conjunction with
various information technology resources (Vrcek, 2013). The collected and processed data then is
used to create statistical reports which can be used internally by the management department of a
company or even by external parties like investors, creditors and tax authorities for decision making.
There are two main bodies in the world that deal with research of AIS in the world:
1) International Research Symposium Accounting Information System ... Show more content on
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Literature Search Strategy, Aims
Preliminary Review and Evaluation
Accounting information systems or AISs research needs to start by involving pluralistic visions of
reality as a foundation for design , implementation and evaluation of systems and their outputs. A
example that we can consider is to expand the scope of the information systems beyond economic
sustainability to include social and environmental sustainability and consistencies (D.J. Dillard
Brown, 2005). Research associated with designing, implementing and evaluating such systems
requires a new pluralistic way of approaching a problem, in order to adequately respond to
pluralistic social requirements. There are two theories that could support at the design,
implementation and critical dialogics of a accounting information system. Critical dialogics provides
information of how dialog can be used by gaining an understanding and responding to diverse
information needs. Agonistic pluralism is a branch of democratic theory that conceptualizes
progressive social change through democratic dialogic means recognizing the complexity of
prevailing power dynamics and that competing perspectives and interests cannot be resolved
through logic or reason (D.J. Dillard Brown, 2005). Agonistic pluralism gives the theoretical

Dialogic Communication Analysis
Communication is one of the most powerful tools we possess. It affects us all daily, no matter our
age, race, gender, social status, or sexual orientation.
I attempt to maintain a consistent style in my personal communication. To communicate effectively
I need harmony between who I am and who I appear to be. To remain grounded, I use self–
examination and meditation. This kind of communication is relieves stress and spurs more effective
communication. It also provides me an opportunity to express myself more easily.
I aim for an interpersonal style of communication that uses compassion, genuineness, and honesty. I
admire Barnett Pearce's theory of dialogic communication, in which people "speak in a manner that
makes others want to listen,

National Assessment Of Educational Progress
The National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) measures the progress of 4th and 8th
graders educational achievement in mathematics and reading every two years. In 2013, almost two–
thirds of 4th graders read below or at the basic level which indicated students failed to master the
basic reading skills that are fundamental for proficient work at each grade level. (National
Assessment of Educational Progress [NAEP], 2013). Reading plays an important role in a child's
development: socially, academically and personal. (Bishop & Leonard, 2000; Kamil, Mosenthal,
Pearson & Barr, 2000). Reading increases general knowledge as well as reading achievement.
Frequent readers have larger vocabularies, better literacy skills and better spelling and ... Show more
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Six months after intervention, the gains were still evident. Emergent literacy skills are not simply
developed by just reading to children. Over the last few decades, research has stated that it is not the
quantity but the quality of book reading (Scarborough & Dobrich, 1994). How children are read to
affects their engagement and what they take away from the experience (Fluery et al.,2014).
Speech Language Impairment and Literacy
Most young children develop these skills for reading prior to kindergarten during literacy
interactions (e.g. shared book reading) in the home or early childhood education settings. Yet, some
children are at risk for delays in emergent literacy skills due to diverse home environments (e.g.
socioeconomic status), language impairment and poor literacy experiences (Girolametto et al., 2012;
McGinty & Justice, 2009). Language impairments may negatively impact children's interaction and
benefits from literacy (Marvin, 1994; Schuele & van Kleeck, 1987). Marvin and Wright (1997)
found that some children with language impairments interaction with adults and print were not well
supported in the home even though caregivers reported they engaged in print and non–print
activities. Parents did

Dialogic Intervention Report
The teacher took a job at the school, teaching immigrant children from many countries. The students
needed a "nest." The teacher wanted to craft the minds of these students like the ones at the Center.
The teacher began with dialogic intervention; this allow students to see and understand the negative
aspect of a situation, the positive is always present and waiting to be tapped (p. 117). Children
sometimes get stuck in one way of thinking without realizing it. Students need feel comfortable to
open up to you as the teacher and other students. My use of dialogic intervention led to the evolution
of an intervention approach that is interdisciplinary and threefold: cultural/academic/psychological
(CAP) (p 118). The child that feels balance with ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This allow the students to feel my comfortable. All of us as a class will succeed by reaching our
highest potentials and facing the academic challenges together as one. The students learned quickly
because they felt "at home". As a teacher, he learned from them and they also learned from him.
Major companies donated to the Nest. For examples: books, typewriters, earphones, and cassette
plays. The teacher encourages students to take home book to create their own library at home. The
teacher allowed some students to act as monitors to get them to open to others; he call this the
opening of dialogue. The teacher also put time to the side, because he wanted to have one–on–one
time with the students. The teacher allowed each student to bring their native food, music, and
costumes into class for a celebration. This allow each student to learn about everyone cultures.
Afterwards, the teacher asked the children to write what they could about where they came from and
what had brought them to the new land (p. 126). The teacher also did home visits to the students'
houses due to fact that he wanted to have a better connection with them. The teacher wanted
students to embrace their new culture, but he didn't want them to forget about their old culture
either. Religion was part of students' culture. Religious symbols and the importance of religion often
came up their drawings and writings (p.136). Homework notebooks allowed a place for students to
write down their daily assignment. Parents also had to sign it each night, who indicate the time
students spent on homework each night. Immigrant children who have achieved second language
literacy almost always identify the significance of friends in having helped them adapt to the "new
reality" (p. 38). The teacher encourages students to have study groups and a buddy system. Towards
the end of the school year students was begin to feel successful in

Feminist Pedagogy : Dialogic Spaces
Feminist Pedagogy: Dialogic Spaces in the Classroom
Feminist pedagogy begins with a vision of what education might be....
–Shrewsbury, 1987, p. 166.
Historically, feminist pedagogy has emerged from the women's movement (Briskin, 1990; Chow et
al., 2016; hooks, 1994). Hence, feminist pedagogy cannot be defined as a mere instructional
principle, strategy, or method. It is a praxis of social change that is rooted in a concept of dialogic
education as the practice of freedom (Freire, 1988) from all forms of oppression, violence,
domination, discrimination, and phobia. According to Briskin (1990), "The intrinsic link between
feminist pedagogy and organizing for social change reflects the connection between the classroom
and the world outside it, and the feminist understanding that change is necessary and must be
systemic" (p. 23). Therefore, feminist pedagogy has been intricately connected with the Paulo
Freire's works. For example, bell hooks (1994) writes that she "had learned so much from his works,
learned new ways of thinking about social reality that were liberatory" (p. 45). She has also
contested his pedagogies with a critical lens on the sexism in his works (hooks, 1984; 1994). In this
critical view, the concept of pedagogy is not about instrumental teaching strategies but about a
situated praxis or "a reflection and action upon the world in order to change it" (Freire, 1970, p. 51).
In a broader view of the dialogic praxis as pedagogy may be

Martin Buber’s Dialogic Communication Essay
Martin Buber's Dialogic Communication
Dialogue is more than talking. It is not the straightforwardness of talking to or at, rather it is
communicating with or between. It is "a relation between persons that is characterized in more or
less degree by the element of inclusion" (Buber, 97). Inclusiveness is an acknowledgment of the
other person, an event experienced between two persons, mutual respect for both views and a
willingness to listen to the views of the other. These elements are the heart of dialogical relations. In
this paper I will examine Martin Buber's theory of communication, its relevance to my life and the
critiques of the theory.
At the core of Buber's theory is a distinction between dialogue and monologue. Dialogue is ... Show
Important to dialogic communication as well is the "narrow ridge". This is the place in which views
from both parties to the conversation can be viewed. A kind of lookout tower or observation post in
which both persons get as close to the others views with out actually taking them as their own in
order to understand the other. It is not a place in which conversation participants meet and
compromise their beliefs to appease the other. "The narrow ridge requires a balancing of concern for
self and other in proportionate amounts for what is needed by the situation..." (Arnett, 173).
To avoid misunderstanding, dialogue needs to be defined by what it is not. Dialogue is not technical
dialogue, chit chat, loving or liking the other, equality, weakness or compromise. Technical dialogue
is a byproduct of modern society. It arises out of a need to understand objectively. It is different
from real dialogue because Buber states dialogue is subjective (Arnett, 6). Chit chat is monologue
disguised as dialogue, the need to communicate something for the sake of having their own thoughts
and ideas heard, not to learn, not to influence, not to come to understanding with another (Arnett, 6).
Dialogue does not happen just because you like or love someone. In fact, it can happen between
persons who dislike each other very much as long as they can

The Dialogic Discourse: The Power Of Meaning
Critical discourse digs deeper into the underlying structures of the organization and reveals how the
power of meaning is used by the owners of the means of production is to perpetuate their privileges
at the expense of the operating groups in the organization. Power and politics dominate the social
interactions in organizations. Critics are convinced that all decisions in organizations are the result
of power exerted by decision makers. In contrast to the proponents of the pluralist vision it is not the
intention of critical researchers to help managers to better control decision–making processes by
revealing its political aspects, but they are calling for a democratic form of decision–making by a
radical transformation of the power relations (Alvesson & Willmott, 1996). Political interpretation
of organizational change from the dialogic discourse Because of the ontological perspective of the
dialogic discourse, one cannot expect many concrete ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
(2000) developed a model in which discourse is used as a means to make strategic changes. Their
premise is that the discourse creates the social reality through the production of concepts, objects
and subject positions which shape the way in which people perceive reality and react on it. Concepts
are categories, relations and theories through which people understand the world and relate to one
another. By using concepts the material world can be made meaningful and objects are created.
Objects only make sense in terms of the concepts that are applied to them To be able to speak within
a discourse, agents have to take up a particular subject position. For example, to speak in a change
discourse an available position is the one of change agent. By intervening in the processes of
discursive production, discourses can be deployed strategically in the hope to achieve real political
effects. Discursive activities are initiated to achieve certain plans and projects and to ensure that the
discourse is

Organisational Development And Organizational Development
The Organisational development article I have chosen gives context to Organisational development
theories from early teachings to more recent academic research highlighting disconnect among OD
researchers. The OD article is from the journal of applied behavioural science. Literature review
explains shortcoming among OD research. I chose the OD article for the in–depth analysis of this
subject from early theories to more recent models of practice. The author discusses the implications
for researchers, practitioners, and teaching of OD as a subject. The authors of the OD article aims to
give an in–depth analysis of which is of greater scope which is discussed in textbooks, journal
articles and methods of early OD practitioners. The OD ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The OD article and the change article used literature review process to construct an argument based
on their own research and research of other academics who study in the fields of Organisational
development and change management. Both articles use a philosophical example to illustrate
discourse among practitioners.
Strengths:
The Bushe's & Marshak article(2009) is a well–rounded analysis and has own previously published
peer–reviewed articles referenced. Bushe (2009) cited previous work on appreciative inquiry which
demonstrates expertise in in change and development in organisations(Bushe & Kassam 2005).
Bushes research of dialogic OD has been considered to give clarity by linking modern OD theory in
a coherent way (Bartunek & Woodman 2015).
Armenakis & harris (2009) have developed a change model namely the five beliefs, which
facilitates employees motivation to change(Jaros, S 2010). Employee focus regarding the
implications of change was discussed, this issue was raised when Armenakis & harris(2009)
discussed contextual analysis of an organisations redness to change(van den Heuvel, Demerouti, &
Bakker, 2014). The authors of the change article discuses context of ethical change and belief this is
an important consideration made by producing the five beliefs model incorporating readiness to
change. The redness for

Literary Theory : The Postcolonial Theory
Literary Theory: Postcolonial theory is about how literature can be used as a political instrument
during certain times in our history. Post–colonial theory looks at how power, religion, culture, and
economics and how they are written and related to the time period and the colonization that was
happening. For example when reading about colonization in American we only read from writing
from men who are white and upper/middle class. Literature could be oppressive because it was only
written from one point of view back when colonization was happening. Cultural studies theory looks
at different cultures and how they are viewed, this theory does not allow us to make assumptions. As
individuals we are not allowed to make assumption about writing and what culture has better
writing. Cultural studies theory looks at the different cultures and tries to make meaning of the
humans and their actions. For example we can look at how Indians are portrayed, and what Indians
have written. Each culture has their literature, and has been written about. Psychological theory
focuses on the basic patterns of human development, thinking, and behavior. When looking at the
psychological theory you look at what the writing is hiding from the reader. As reader we all read
different and analyze different, and when reading and looking at the psychological theory it is
important to make an educated guess on what we think is happening psychologically. Most reader
are not psychologist, so they do

Dialogic Analysis: Bryce Communicates
1. Identify three quotes from the dialogue that show how Bryce progressed in identifying his
emotions.
Initially, Bryce communicates with his friend by stating, "I guess I'm not feeling much of anything,"
discussing his lack of employment with Todd. Bryce then states, "I feel bad, but I can't do anything
about it." The final quote that shows the progression of Bryce's emotions is, "I've felt too hopeless to
talk to anyone about it." These three quotes shows that he is utilizing self–protection. Bryce is very
forthcoming with Todd but it does take a bit of coaxing. This could be due to the fear of Todd's
judgement or opinion of Bryce's situation.
2. Identify and explain, using concepts from the text, at least one example of an obstacle to ... Show
Identify and explain at least two examples of irrational beliefs that Bryce holds.
"I finally realized nothing I did mattered. I just couldn't take another rejection. The bottom line is,
no one wants me." This is an example of generalization. Bryce has created emotions of self–pity and
helplessness which is inadvertently setting him up for failure. Instead of seeing opportunity for
employment, Bryce sees a potential job as another denial. This negativity is also displayed in his
lack of motivation to attempt to gain employment.
While discussing his lack of employment with Todd, Bryce states, "I can't do anything about it."
This portrays that Bryce feels helpless in his situation. Everyone needs to feel that they have a
purpose in life. Whether it be to support their family or to aid in assisting others. There are many
methods that could aid Bryce in finding that purpose. While he is unemployed he could outsource to
government agencies to aid in finding employment, or for benefits that would improve his family's
situation until employment is found. The unemployment office would be a great place to start. Not
only do they provide employment opportunities, they also have resources that would educate Bryce
in new fields of employment, opening a larger horizon to him. Bryce needs to prioritize his
necessities and work his way through them. This will build his self–esteem, and motivate him to
continue the job

Open Boat Essay
"The Open Boat," by Stephen Crane, has been critiqued and deconstructed by many thinkers. One
such critique is "The Dialogic Narrative of `The Open Boat'." This critique on Stephen Crane's "The
Open Boat," was written by two authors: Sura P. Rath and Mary Neff Shaw. The authors focused on
a five main points in the duration of this Critique. First Mikail Baktin's theory of the "Five basic
types of discourses," are discussed and used in the deconstruction of "The Open Boat." The critique
then delves into the use of first–person actor–character to third person spectator–narrator. Shaw and
Rath then annotate the tonal quality of "The Open Boat." Fourthly the critique characterizes and
analyzes the key figures of the Novel. Lastly ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This critique "The Dialogic Narrative of `The Open Boat,'" first introduces Henry James and his
idea that "A novel is a living thing." The critique then talks about Mikail Bakhtin and his emphasis
on the importance of "the silenced voice," in literature. This refers to the voices of the characters in
"The Open Boat." Bakhtin states that "the independent and unmerged voices that reach us despite
the narrator's mediation are an intrical part of the dialogic narrative. This means that the reader must
equally listen to the four characters' voices in the story along with the domineering voice of the
narrator. The critique then gives the five types of discourse: Direct authorial literacy artistic
narration, Stylization of the various forms of oral narration, Stylisation of the various forms of
semi–literary everyday narration, Various forms of literary but extra artistic authorial speech and
The stylistic individualized speech of characters. Rath and Shaw use these five types of discourse as
a base to better understand "The Open Boat," along with all narrative fiction.
The critique then goes on to discuss the use of first person–actor to third person spectator–narrator.
This refers to Crane's narrative strategy of switching between the two through out "The Open Boat."
As Rath and Shaw state, this is important because of Crane's first person experiences with
shipwrecks and empathy

Dialogic Reading
After reading the article on Dialogic Reading from the Reading Rockets Website I learned a lot
about why this type of reading strategy is important and should be used in preschools worldwide
because of its benefits. What I personally think of this technique is that it is very beneficial for any
new student learning to read especially at a preschool level where the student themselves are reading
a book instead of being read to by their teacher. What it says right from the article on Dialogic
Reading that I highly agree with that explains why this is so beneficial is, "Likewise, no one can
learn to read just by listening to someone else read. Children learn most from books when they are
actively involved"( readingrockets.org). This right here

Lindfor's Dialogic Discourse
Here we see a slight shifting in Steve's view as he responds to Charlotte's concern. These preceding
exchanges revealed dynamic responsiveness among group members in creating each group's
collective judgment, but they only hint at the complexity of the dialogic process. With each
responsive utterance, students synthesized their individual histories, cultural contexts, new
information, logic, and others' utterances to make meaning in this assignment.
3. The Judicious Spectator In the final stage of this study, students continued responding to each
other in their dialogic discourse, but in this phase they focused their efforts on writing their jury
report/collaborative essay. Lindfors believes humans work best in "collaboration" with others
(Lindfors, p. 53). She references Vygotsy's "zone of proximal development," which she defines as
"the area where a [person] can function with the help of a more competent partner," a place "neither
totally beyond the [person's] reach nor completely within her grasp" (Lindfors, referencing
Vygotsky, p. 53). Therefore, with Lindfors and Vygotsky in mind, Sally selected jury members based
on writing ability, assigning one excellent writer, one average writer, and one struggling writer to
each three–person jury. She designated this assignment as an in–class essay because ... Show more
It highlights the necessity of granting students the freedom to negotiate their own meaning from
texts because it cultivates their confidence and capacity to both contribute their ideas and express
them in ways that others can understand. We urge the creation of authentic assignments for students
to engage them in ways that are personally meaningful, and we note the importance of collaboration
because scaffolding contributes to the growth of both struggling learners and their more proficient

Evaluation Of A Student Based On Learning Disabilities Essay
Introduction
Many students around the United States have reading difficulties, which can be due to a variety of
reason such as: low socioeconomic status, family history of learning disabilities, a neurological
disorder, limited exposure, etc. Reading difficulties can lead to further problems with education and
learning, therefore the struggles should be addressed and intervention techniques should be
implemented promptly. The interventions need to be individualized for the student based on their
needs in order to improve the student's reading to the best of their abilities.
Swanson et al. (2011) conducted a meta–analysis, A Synthesis of Read–Aloud Interventions on
Early Reading Outcomes Among Preschool Through Third Graders at Risk for Reading Difficulties,
to determine which interventions were the most useful for preschoolers to third graders who were at
risk for reading difficulties. Their research examined the effects of five read–aloud interventions,
which included: dialogic reading, repeated reading, limited questioning, computer assisted, and
extended vocabulary (pg. 261).
Materials
The materials needed for these interventions were simple. All five interventions required a
storybook, which needed to be carefully chosen, so the book was grade level appropriate and
contained vocabulary words. The adult needed to be familiar with the story, in order to summarize
the story and facilitate questions with the students. The vocabulary intervention required additional

English Additional Language
Teachers spend a great deal of time creating and preparing engaging and culturally relevant learning
materials. A teacher's workload increases when one is tasked with offering material of varying
difficulty in an attempt to make the class accessible for all students regardless of their learning level.
This is a common situation throughout Canada due to the influx of individuals who are enrolled in a
mainstream English speaking school but are still learning to speak English. A concise journal review
has reviled simple ideas that can be implemented into diverse classrooms to make them accessible
for students learning to speak English.
In the article Supporting English additional language students in Science: Integrating content and
language, McCallum and Miller (2013) discuss the issue of using mainstream textbooks and
instructional methods in an English as an additional language (E.A.L) inclusive science classroom.
Students enter the class at differing literacy levels requiring teachers to provide lessons of varying
difficulty to meet the needs of all students. McCallum and Miller ... Show more content on
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teacher, Heather, developing and implementing a science program for a class of non–English
speaking students in the article Does a spider have fur? Providing suitable level course work while
trying to meet E.A.L. learning objectives can prove difficult for teachers. Heather's goal was to use
the method of inquiry–based learning to help her students improve their vocabulary. By having her
students engaged and enthused with a science–based program, they were not as focused on their
language skills but rather on their interest in what they were learning. The article discusses how the
goal when teaching is to inspire all students. The diversity focus for this study is to find ways to
format classrooms to encourage students to use language without focusing too much on what one is
saying but rather one what they are

Essay On Culturally Passive Teaching
Reading Surveys and Culturally Responsive Teaching Reading surveys are helpful tool in helping
teachers of reading understands their students as readers. Reading surveys gages student's interests,
habits, and the strategies the student uses while engaging in the activity of reading. Reading surveys
such as the Index of Reading Awareness ask specific questions such as "what is the hardest part of
reading for you?" or "what would help you become a better reader (Jacobs & Paris, 1987). Each
assessment has a scoring guide that can help teachers see what specific skills students are having
trouble with. Using the information gathered from these reading surveys gives the reading teacher a
first step into planning reading instruction that is culturally ... Show more content on
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Dialogic instruction is allowing students to both think critically about the question being posed by
the teacher independently, as well as talk to another student in the class, and share with the entire
class about the student's and their partner's thoughts. An example of this would an elementary school
teacher reading aloud a story to the students in her class. The teacher may have a post note to stop at
a crucial point in the story or every few pages and poses a question to the students. Examples of
questions could include making a prediction, comparing and contrasting etc. She asks the questions
and gives the students a few seconds to think on their own. Then, she asks them to pair up with
another student in the class. Students take turns discussing their thoughts with their partners and the
partners can add their own thoughts, the teacher walks around and listens. The teacher may also join
a group to help prompt students or take informal data on the student's progress. The class comes
back together after a few minutes and the teacher calls on a student to discuss with the whole class,
their conversation with their

Kieffer's Dialogic Retrospection
Four years have passed for the students who overcame their shyness in the center. The teacher
choose research methods from Kieffer's dialogic retrospection. As a result, it became a learning
process for both the teacher and the students. The research allowed the students to go back and listen
to their voices on the tape, and to visually see their image on the filmstrip. The students was able to
reflect back to that time in their lives.
The teacher was nerve about meeting Qiu Liang; the teacher haven't seen him since their work in the
center. The teacher wondered what he will be like. Qiu Liang seem to be very comfortable speaking
to the teacher; he was reassured the teacher for a change. Qiu was put in ESL classes in high school
and seem to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Cindy and the teacher had a trusted relationship. Having no friends that didn't speak Chinese
motivated Cindy to learn English; it her one year to learn to speak and understand English.
However, it wasn't until 6th grade that Cindy felt that she has mastered the English language. Cindy
felt the difference between the two school systems. For example: Hong Kong teachers were a lot
stricter then the teachers in the United States. Just like every other kid in a new place Cindy
experienced fear and exhaustion. She shared how she felt through her film–strips. The filmstrips
helped Cindy overcome her shyness. Just like the others; Cindy felt that the was caught in the
middle of the two cultures. Cindy experienced some difficulty with cultural identity because of her
dual cultural experience and language (p. 89).
Rosario, a straightforward, open, and honest student; wrote the film story, The Lonely Bear. Just like
the other 3 students, Rosario gave into the shyness. She believed if the counselor at her school did
leave she would have graduated. That was her safe nest. The Lonely Bear, was her as a child; a child
hat felt loneliness before coming to the Center. (The story was a plea for help.) Rosario wanted
people to understand her. In the film, she had created a fantasy world of friendship, caring,
nurturing, and fun (p. 92). Rosario still long to have finish high

Rationale For Selecting The Artifact: A Dialogic Analysis
Grasping this learning outcome is important when trying to understand human nature and human
conflict. Human's entire social life is based on the notion that they have a need to connect and that
once differences are noticed they lead to conflict. Being able to apply the dialogic practices learned
in this class to conflict situations is also an important learning outcome since those skills are useful
when combating human conflict.
Rationale for Selecting the Artifact: I chose my first synthesis essay with my module seven
discussion post because there was no one paper or discussion where I was able to combine both the
study of human connection and difference and also apply dialogic practices to conflict situations.
The first synthesis essay was the paper which I felt I had the greatest grasp of the information and
text material on. It allowed me to study how and why humans connect and differ. Module seven's
Patterson discussion focuses on the dialogic practices and how they are beneficial during conflict
situations. In order to meet all requirements of the course learning outcome, I had to combine both
assignments into one artifact.
Demonstration of Full Knowledge and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
These differences become points of contentions in relationships and turn into conflicts. Humans
have a need to connect, however, in doing so cannot help but see the differences which exist. In the
synthesis essay, I share how those differences become conflicts but also explain that we must
establish these differences and connections in order to make sense of the world around us. I share a
point Lieberman hints at frequently in his text, "connection gives our lives purpose and meaning in
the world" and differences give us a chance to see the world through different perspectives (Bitner,
2015). The essay sets the stage for learning the areas of human nature which either cause or remedy

Dialogic Strategies
About Dialogic Strategies
Dialogic strategies are gaining growing support as an alternative to the typical monologic approach
to classroom discussions (Corcoran & Silander, 2009). A monologic approach is when the teacher
asks a question, a student responds, and the teacher evaluates the student's response. In a dialogic
approach, there is a discussion facilitated by the teacher, that leads students to developing an
understanding of the text they are engaging with, or an understanding of the content they are
discussing (Corcoran & Silander, 2009). When students engage in dialogue they are collaborating
with their peers to construct an understanding of the text, and they are utilizing their own prior
knowledge, to make meaning of a text (Lightner

M2 Critical Analysis : Funding For Planned Parenthood
M2 Critical Analysis: Planned Parenthood Dialogic communication involves more than just
conversation. It is not the straightforwardness of talking to or at; rather, it is communicating with or
between. Arnett, Fritz, and Bell (2009) explain, "Dialogue is not 'the' way to communicate or a
common mode of communication. Dialogue is only one way to communicate with another".
Inclusiveness within a discussion requires recognition of the other person, an event experienced
between two persons, mutual respect for both views, and a willingness to listen to the views of the
other. These elements are the heart of dialogical relations and debate. However, dialogic
communication is currently lacking within one of the largest public and social dilemmas being
debated today: funding for Planned Parenthood.
Background
Efforts to pull funding from Planned Parenthood are coming from a variety of directions, from
freestanding bills to legislation to "repeal and replace" the Affordable Care Act that President
Obama passed during his first term. The push to defund the abortion giant continues on Capitol Hill,
as well as through national news media and social protests.
Pro–Choice Arguments Many on the pro–choice side of this issue claim that the United States
government should fund Planned Parenthood, as it provides affordable healthcare for men and
children – not just women. Planned Parenthood is also a source of sex education services. One of
their main goals is to help promote sexual

Facilitating The Media ( Secondary Idea )
Facilitating the Media (Secondary Idea)
For the reason that there has been an observable goal towards imparting through method for social
networking, columnist and practitioners finds themselves being tested, to establish better prepared to
handle multiplication of various media stages, and draw in both online and customary media.
Correspondence amongst columnists and experts is critical concerning transferring data. This turned
out to be clear and concise when Pang (2010) specified the following: a progression of influences is
first, to "better value the alternate points of view that are conceivable" on the grounds that any single
viewpoint does not exhibit the "complete picture;" and second, "combining multiple levels of
analysis" allows us to draw "connections" among them (p.9). In this study, this author proposed a
model called Mediating the Media that which is intended to prepare experts to lead media relations
in a methodical way. It is an exploratory model, a system to solidify the differing examinations of
columnist, expert relations with the point of giving a durable picture of what media relations
involve. This model is educational for new specialists to view media relations as an all–
encompassing procedure, including an arrangement of communicating influences as opposed to
hypothesis. To contact journalist and comprehend news coverage society, one needs to figure out
how to compose like one and think like one. What might be a decent begin would be to make it

Examples Of Dialogism In The Color Purple
Bakhtin describes dialogism as the 'multiplicity of perspectives and voices'. It can also be
understood as something that is 'double–voiced' or 'multi–voiced'. In a dialogic piece, each character
has their own final word, but on some level, it interacts with and relates to the voices of the other
characters. 'Dialogue' does not progress logically or analytically, rather it does so in an interactive
fashion. This makes dialogical works a lot more 'objective' and 'realistic' in nature.
Bakhtin's discussion of dialogism is both linguistic and novelistic. He uses it to "refer to particular
instances of language, perceptible in novels and popular speech; and also refers to a defining quality
of language itself, and its most fundamental sense–making ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
The novel, as stated before, is epistolary in nature. Overall, there are two narrators in the entire
novel. The first is Celie who writes letters to both her sister Nettie and to God. The second narrator
is Nettie, who writes back to Celie. Both of them tell the reader about the things that have happened
to the characters and to them through their letters. As both the narrators are also characters in the
novel, the combination of the authorial voice, the first person narrator, other characters and the
reader makes up for a multi–voice discourse. All these voices have a constant interaction, a tug–of–
war to make sure that what they are saying is heard. For example, Celie is a narrator and a character
and her voice is entirely in the first person. It can be argued that Alice Walker has mixed some of her
own words (the authorial voice) with that of Celie, creating a blended narration where it is not really
sure where the author ends and the character begins, lending to the creation of a voice which is vivid
and striking, and most of all, wrenchingly honest. The usage of the first person form throughout the
novel provides the reader with a sense of participation, of belonging. They are not just mere
observers any more. Instead their interpretations become part of the novel. It is even possible to say
that the author anticipates reader response and questions and works accordingly. For example,
taking the following paragraph from the novel, it is possible to see the multi–voiced

Burden of Representation in Film
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Representation is defined as a likeness or image of something, a definition that implies a visual
component to this act. In terms of minority groups, such as women, people of color, all non–
normative sexualities, the issue of representation is one that many film theorists and filmmaker's
struggle to contend with. Both the scarcity and the importance of minority representations yield
what many have called " the burden of representation". Since there are so few who have the means
and access to the "apparatus of representation", they are often burdened with the responsibility of
"speaking" for their whole group. Furthermore, as Kobena Mercer ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
While hooks believes that black women cannot identify with Sapphire as a black women when
"visibly constructed, [she] was so ugly", she finds from her conversation with black women that
they actually claimed Sapphire as a "symbol of that angry part of themselves white folks and black
men could not even begin to understand" (97). The contrasting perspectives amongst minorities lead
to further division among subaltern and makes it increasingly difficult to include the historically
marginalized in mainstream culture. Mercer, however, sees this diversity as a means to combat the
burden of expression, rather than an impasse in the issue of representation. In his essay, he analyzes
Marlon Riggs' Tongues Untied, and the effects of the dialogic voicing that is used in the film. In
Tongues United, Riggs speaks from the specificity of his own experience as a black gay male, and
simultaneously illustrates the degree to which black cinema attempts to present one heterosexual
voice for the entire black race. By forgoing the master codes of documentary in favor of a personal
non–representative story, Mercer asserts that Riggs successfully challenges the "heterosexual
presumption that so often characterizes the documentary realist aesthetic in black cinema". Mercer
further notes that by following this dialogic strategy, Riggs is able to presents a story that does not
simplify or attempt

Play Number Of Children $ 44 Type Of Play
Play Number of children = 44 Type of play
Unoccupied 7 1 Yelling for mother with no interactions with equipment or other children.
5 Walking around aimlessly. Do not seem to be wanting to play.
1 At the gate uninterested in the play equipment.
Onlooker 3 1 Watching other children being pushed on swings.
1 A younger girl looking on at the older children running on top of the spinner.
1 Watching other children play with the water equipment.
Solitary 7 1 On a scooter riding around
1 Playing on the playground by herself
2 Playing on the playground by themselves. 1 is in the tunnel going backwards and forth and the
other is looking through the binoculars out onto the lake
1 Playing with the water equipment in the middle of the playground does not seem to be associating
with others at the playground.
1 Rocking on the buzzy bee rocker by himself
1 Little boy learning to walk by himself on the different terrains that are at the playground. Didn't do
well at the stairs but was doing well on the grassy hill.
Parallel 9 4 On swings next to each other. Not seen to be associating with one another
3 Playing in the sandpit however all are keeping to themselves and doing their own thing.
2 Both running towards the water however once they got to the water equipment they had no
involvement with one another.
Associative 6 2 Playing on the boats however they do not seem to be sharing a common goal
2 On the merry go round spinner piece of equipment. However are not interacting with each other.
2

The Pros And Cons Of Cultural Appropriation
Cultural appropriation is a crime in 2017. The Kardashian family is constantly under criticism for
cultural appropriation, as Khloé Kardashian has been accused of appropriating Native American
headdresses, while Kylie Jenner has come under fire more than once for wearing cornrows. Kendall
Jenner's Pepsi commercial, where she quelled a protest by offering a soda to a police officer, was
lambasted as offensive and tone–deaf. These are the scenarios that the word "appropriation" brings
to mind: privileged young women and cultural insensitivity. In "I Can't Stop Thinking through What
Other People are Thinking", David Shields describes a wholly different cast of appropriators: artists,
writers, and composers.
In his essay, Shields unleashes his frustrations regarding the country's negative attitude towards
appropriation and borrowing. He asserts that "there's no such thing as originality", that "all life on
earth...is built upon appropriation and reuse of the pre–existing" (Shields 736). Shields utilizes a
multitude of examples to illustrate and support his points. Musicians from Mozart to Bob Dylan
have utilized content or taken inspiration from other artists. Shields shows that "borrowing has been
with us from the beginning", citing the New Testament and Shakespeare's Antony and Cleopatra as
"composites of numerous sources" (740). His essay demonstrates that borrowing is prevalent in
music and writing, as artists take inspiration from preceding artists and from their

Social Norms In The Classroom
"Helping students develop mathematical dispositions in which they share their ideas, discuss others'
ideas, and so on, is always a challenge," (The National Council of Teachers Mathematics, 2003, P.
151). I found this quote and reading to be very relatable, in the sense that students can often struggle
to come up with their own ideas. This was definitely true for me and my group when we were
working on the locker problem in class. In the book and in class, discussions can really benefit
students and keep them engaged. "To encourage all students to contribute to discussions, the teacher
should ask other students to explain their classmates ideas," (The National Council of Teachers
Mathematics, 2003, P. 153) this statement made me think of dialogic teaching. Dialogic teaching is
students having a rich discussion amongst each other while being guided by the teacher. The
students find out the answer on their own and the teacher does not tell them. So social norms and
classroom management plays a big role when students problem solve.

Dialogic Reading Response Paper
Research shows that parents' engagement in dialogic reading (i.e., using extratextual talk about the
story as it is being read; Opel et al. 2009) promotes children's comprehension of stories (Lauricella
et al. 2014; Parish–Morris et al. 2013; Hindman et al. 2008). Specifically, research suggests that
children whose parents engage in dialogic reading during storybook reading are predicted to have
better comprehension (Han, J., & Neuharth–Pritchett, S., 2014). In our study, we examined the
relationship between one measure of dialogic reading, conversational turns between parents and
children during storybook reading, and children's comprehension of the story's content. We
predicted that more conversational turns during parent–child storybook reading is related to better
content comprehension in children. To test our hypothesis, we recruited parents and children, aged
48–to–60 months (N=6) to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Our preliminary data suggests that there is a very weak relationship between the number of parent–
child conversational turns and children's scores on comprehension questionnaires (p=.54). These
preliminary results do not support the findings of other similar studies, which find that parental
involvement during shared– storybook reading is a strong predictor of children's comprehension
scores (Lauricella et al. 2014). Other studies may have been able to detect a relationship due to their
larger sample size.We explain for these differences as a result of our current sample size (n=6),
which reduces the power of the study and increases the margin of error. This suggests that our
preliminary findings may not accurately reflect the relationship between conversational turns and
comprehension. As we collect more data, we may be better able to detect a relationship between
conversational turns and children's

Diverse Role Of Questioning And Dialogic Work In Mathematics
The use of questioning and paired work in Mathematics Traditionally, mathematics and language–
based subjects have been seen as occurring on opposite sides of a great divide. However, in recent
years teachers have realised the importance of talk across the curriculum including mathematics.
This is supported by the DfEE (1999a, p11) who state that 'high quality interactive teaching is oral,
interactive and lively. It is a two way process in which pupils are expected to play an interactive role
by answering questions, contributing points to discussions, and explaining and demonstrating their
methods to the class.' The recent Cambridge review reinforced the message that 'teachers ... Show
Summerfield is a multi cultural school with the majority of pupils from minority backgrounds. The
proportion of children speaking English as an additional language is well above average, with
almost 25 different languages represented in the school. Ofsted also noted that one in three pupils
has learning difficulties and/or disabilities; which is well above the national average. The school
worked on a year and a half form entry basis and so classes were generally small. During numeracy
children were divided into three ability groups and each group was taught separately. My partner
and I (Miss M) worked with the lower ability group. Ofsted (2009) noted that the 'arrangements for
teaching numeracy in smaller groups have had a dramatic effect on pupils' progress, improving
mathematics from a relative weakness to one of the school's strengths.' However, doing so may
mean that children know that very little is expected from them. According to Cockburn (1999, p15)
'if a child is labelled as not being able or lacking in confidence, it may not be very long before that
child ceases to perform to the best of their abilities.' In order to ensure that we both had enough
teaching opportunities we decided we would lead the class alternate lessons – whilst the other
worked with a group of

Is Oracy A Part Of Literacy Or Numeracy?
Oracy is a term that has been a part of the literacy society from the 1960s introduced by Andrew
Wilkinson and his colleagues within the Department of Education at Birmingham University in
1965. They defined oracy as a set of skills such as speaking and listening, but these skills lacked
focus for more important literacy skills such as reading and writing (Wilkinson 1965). Oracy can be
considered an elaboration of skills accompanying with effective spoken communication. Robin
Alexander more recently specifies that oracy is the action that schools reinforce to support an
improvement in a child's capacity to use speech within expressing their opinions and communicate
with others (Alexander 2012). Throughout the time of oracy, multiple theorists ... Show more
A review specified that there is mixed evidence to support key components of Talk for Writing,
enthusiasm by teachers was not mirrored by changes in the pupil's work, any positive effects that
were evident in the pupil's work was insignificant and took an extensive time to be evident; the
evaluation did not find any evidence that the programme was specifically beneficial for pupils from
disadvantaged backgrounds (Dockrell,

Big Idea Research Paper
Big Idea Paper
"It's time to restore balance in our schools so that teaching and learning, not testing, are at the center
of our education," pg. 164 (Robinson, 2015, P.164). As a teacher it is important to know that
standardized tests are meaningless. Teachers should not focus on practicing for the required tests
because it will only make the students less motivated to learn. I hated taking standardized test
because it was so stressful. I felt like I was never smart enough or good enough, so why should I
even try? This is not the kind of mindset I want my student to have. I plan to not worry about my
students' test scores and be more like the mindset Singapore has. For example, they do less
standardized testing and they rank high in PISA league. I believe that when teachers motivate their
students that's when we see the best results of student achievement. One way for ... Show more
Student who have growth mindsets are willing to go above and beyond and know that they will
achieve as long as they work hard. A fixed mindset student thinks they don't need to work hard
because they are smart and good at it. Teacher, parents, and coaches have a great effect on what
types of attitudes students will have. Adults need express themselves in a way that focuses on the
students' effort. Teachers can say, oh I am sorry you didn't learn anything. Lets try something that
will help you learn. For example, my cheerleading coach was the only person I knew to have a
growth mindset. She would say things like, the other team must have put in more time, but we will
have to work harder next time. She was so motivating, I respected her and never wanted to let the
team down. I want my students to develop a growth mindset because it will make them go further in
life. Having a growth mindset will allow students to achieve their goals and overall be a better

Kate Bechdel 's Fun Home Essay
On the surface, Alison Bechdel's Fun Home seems simply to be a memoir of her journey towards
discovering her own identity, and in the process, uncovering her father's. However, the novel is far
more complex. The graphic novel is not linear in the least, and mimics memory as it moves
backwards and forwards in time, or returns to specific situations repeatedly. This is layered with the
numerous references to previous literary texts in an interesting manner; combined, it provides
emotional and informative layers to the novel. Bechdel starts to especially question binaries and
pushes the boundaries of what it means to be a female and male in a relatively patriarchal society
with no middle ground around the rules; as the novel shows, this affects not only Bechdel's own
pursuit towards her identity but has a significant, and ultimately fatal, impact on her father, Bruce.
In the following essay, I shall be exploring the representation of identity in Alison Bechdel's Fun
Home, mainly through a postcolonial feminist lens. My analysis will focus on Bruce and Alison's
interactions with each other and how Bechdel deconstructs the stereotypical ideals of gender roles
and sexuality, via intertextual references.
Feminist theory, though contrary to what the statement may suggest, is not simply one theory but
consists of branches of various critical approaches that target specific aspects of literature in terms
of the representation of female writers (and other artists) and the feminine

Dialogic Reflection
CLINIC REFLECTION 4 The topic for this week's session was about SMART Goals primarily and
also more about colors regarding shapes and sizes. The individual goals I have for my student are to
say the color "red" verbally and to group all the red toys together that she can find & to find more
ways to develop her gross motor skills involving the materials and games she gravitated towards last
week in the gymnasium. One of the SMART goals I developed for my student during my group's
discussion were to increase the number of words she says throughout the session. These words can
involve colors, "please" and "thank you," "mommy," "play," "Tasha," etc. One aspect of this week's
session that I felt went well was my student developing more an interest for the gymnasium and
finding different toys she enjoys. She enjoys shooting one basketball in the hoop, knocking down
the bowling pins as she did last week, and playing paddleball with balloons alongside her mother
and me. These are three different activities she seems to like and what I'm noticing is that she is
developing her own routine: shooting the basket comes always comes first, second comes the
paddleball and thirdly, she makes her way ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
For example, she likes to play paddleball. If I did this again with her, I would do it differently by
trying to get her to play it near the "donuts" and triangular mats in the gymnasium. Incorporating
these materials into our game would enhance her senses of sight and touch. Her sense of sight would
be affected through her seeing other children playing on the mats. At this time, she doesn't have to
play with them, but maybe seeing them play on them would somehow tell my student to do the
same. She would also be able to feel that the mats and "donuts" are soft and squishy. This would tell
her she would be comfortable and safe playing on

Cougar Communication Group Summary
This Cougar Communication Group (CCG) focused on improving receptive and expressive
language, peer interactions, and social awareness skills in young children. Enhanced milieu teaching
(EMT), developmental social pragmatic (DSP) intervention, and dialogic book reading, were
utilized with this group of developing young children. EMT uses behavioral and interactionist
approaches in early language intervention. The environment is arranged to promote participation and
communication in therapy activities. EMT also utilizes responsive interaction methods to foster
increased skills in social and communicative interactions. Researchers report that children with ASD
demonstrated increased expressive language use in functional contexts following EMT ... Show
M., Shanker, S. G., & Strieben, J., 2011). Casenhiser et al. (2011) instruct that DSP should teach
social communication abilities in the same order observed in typically developing children.
According to researchers, markers of developmental capacity are revealed through observations.
These markers differ from a child's actual developmental capacities, which are not always observed.
Researchers report that children with ASD demonstrate improved joint attention and communicative
skills as a result of DSP intervention. Strategies utilized in DSP include interacting in the area of
focused interest, facilitating increased initiations through the arrangement of the environment,
responding to communications as purposeful, and sharing expressions of feelings and emotional
affect. In CCG, the clinicians implemented these strategies by creating a variety of activities to
encourage developmentally appropriate initiations and social communications. For example,
sensorimotor activities and science experiments were designed to encourage initiations, joint
attention, emotional expression, communication, and social interactions at appropriate levels for
each

Social Medi A Functional Analysis Approach
In today's society where social media has become an increasingly popular form of communication
for organizations to interact with its public, Amy Reitz, Senior Market Insights Manager at Hewlett–
Packard wrote her article Social Media's Function in Organization: a Functional Analysis Approach
while she was an assistant Professor at the University of Northern Colorado. Amy claims that
"organizations can function better with an open systems approach to public relations by employing
social media, allowing for a greater chance at survival than organizations that function as a closed
system (Reitz, 2012, p.41, para.1)." Author Amy Reitz took several theories into consideration in the
development of this paper, but ultimately decided that a functional analysis approach best described
that organizations would benefit better as an open system with help from using social media. The
main claim the author tries to convey is, "organizations can function better with an open systems
approach to public relations by employing social media, allowing for a greater chance at survival
than organizations that function as a closed system (Reitz, 2012, p.41, para.1)." The article's main
goal is to suggest that organizations will function better by using social media, which will ultimately
help the organization function better as an open system. The author supports this by taking into
consideration four functions in which social media will help the system of an organization. These
include:

Center For Diversity And Inclusion
Introduction Organizational Development (OD) is an approach to improve efficiency and
effectiveness within an organization. While historically OD has been practiced in a planned way(
(Bushe et al, 2015, p.xv), but with changing times OD consultants believe that instead of using a
linear, top down approach, practitioners should use a holistic and humanistic approach... The Center
for Diversity and Inclusion (CDI) at the University of Houston was founded in 2014. The purpose of
CDI at the University of Houston is to support the campus community towards a diverse and
inclusive campus. In this paper we have noted our observation and interpretation. Scope of applying
(or observing) Organization Development activity at Center for Diversity and Inclusion, ... Show
Blair. We attended two workshops (Intent vs Impact and Diversity 101) where Ms. Blair was a
facilitator; we also observed her during two internal staff meetings. Additionally, we also conducted
two face to face interviews with Ms. Blair to understand her leadership style. Interview results The
foundation for CDI at the University of Houston was laid down by Ms. Blair and her team on Aug
2014. As per the recommendation from task force, originally CDI was designated only to serve the
student community. But after an assessment, Ms. Blair realized that the onus to maintain and sustain
a diverse campus rests not only on the students, but also rests on the faculty and staff as well. Thus
she helped to create a mission statement which encompasses everyone. Ms. Blair also commented
that the changes in the diversity of our society extend beyond race ethnicity and national origin. Ms.
Blair ensured that the initiatives of CDI also encompass age, gender, gender identity, marital status.
This led to the introduction of workshops Diversity 101 and Diversity

Cognitive Early Childhood
Cognitive Development in Early Childhood
Young children are not only growing physically but also mentally during early childhood. Children
continue to advance their skills in observing and interacting with the environment around them for
cognitive development in the early childhood. This paper answers questions regarding cognitive
development in early childhood.
Two skills that children can develop through play
Whether it is playing a board game or participating in organized sports, children learn a variety of
skills through playing. One such skill is the problem–solving skill. Games like board games and
building blocks involve a level of problem–solving. They allow the children an opportunity to try
things on their own. Another essential

How Organizations Can Benefit From Embracing Organizational Development

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