Fresh Water Scarcity In Africa Essay

Fresh Water Scarcity In Africa Essay
Fresh water is a luxury that we seem to take for granted. We buy it, swim in it and overuse it as if
there is a never–ending supply of it. Others are not as fortunate to even have the access to this water,
this necessity of sustaining life. Although Africa is a huge continent with a plethora amount of
natural occurring resources, fresh water is not one of them.
Africa is the second largest continent that is bounded by the Atlantic and Indian Ocean and the Red
and Mediterranean Seas. Africa has 8 major physical regions and they are: Sahara and Sahel Desert,
Ethiopian Highlands, the Savanah, Swahili Coast, the Rain Forrest, African great lakes and South
Africa. Tropical rainforest – discovered especially in the focal point of the landmass furthermore
along the eastern shore of Madagascar. The climate varies from humid sub–tropical – found in the
southwest to Mediterranean like in the southeast part.
Water scarcity means that there is not enough water or liquid resources that can sustain the lives for
that region. Not enough water to sustain the industry, the usage and or agricultural means. 80
percent of child mortality are related to the lack of safe clean water to drink. Unsafe water can cause
a series of health problems and can also leave toxins in your body that are detrimental to your
health. The reason for the scarcity is due to not having enough water for the population of the
continent. Lack of resources in certain poverty areas cannot deliver water for their
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How Did When Fresh And Salt Water Occur In An Estuary
Trial # Guess Observation Explanation Trial 1 The dyed red water will not seep into the blue cold
water. My guess was indeed correct and red water did not interfere with the blue water. Because the
molecules in the blue water are much closer together because its cold and well the red water has
warm/hot water and the molecules are everywhere. The molecules in the blue water are so dense that
they're making a layer so that the molecules from the red jar do not come through. Trial 2 I think this
time blue on top will fail and seep into the red. So my guess was correct again. The blue water did
slowly enter the red water. The reason for this is because of density and how dense the cold water
really is. That's why when you put ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
3. Q–Thinking about what you learned in the lab and doing some additional research, if you mixed
fresh and salt water together in the marine environment, how would the water "layer"? Where would
the freshwater be and why? A– Salt water is more dense than fresh water, and therefore sinks under
fresh water – which is exactly what happens in estuaries, which are areas near the mouth of a river
where fresh water and salt water do mix. 4. Q– When fresh and saltwater mix in the marine
environment, this is called an estuary, or brackish water environment. Why would bottom dwelling
organisms in an estuary need to be able to withstand brackish water? A–Bottom dwellings in an
estuary need to be able to withstand brackish water because fresh water in an estuary flows out over
the surface and ocean water with higher amounts of salt flows in on the bottom 5. Q–Based on your
lab and readings, what two characteristics of water combine to form a thermohaline current? A–In
the deep ocean, the predominant driving force is differences in density, caused by salinity and
temperature (the more saline the denser, and the colder the denser). Note that ocean currents due to
tides are also significant in many

The Effect Of Velocity Of Water On The Abundance Of...
s there a significant correlation between the abundance of caseless caddis and the velocity of fresh
water?
An investigation to see whether the velocity of water in river has an effect on the abundance of
caseless caddis
Background information
Velocity of water
Flow of water is very important within the ecosystem as it has an effect on other abiotic factors such
as temperature which then has a knock on effect on where certain plant chose to live within the river
or steam.
The presence of a certain velocity of water within a river affect the biota within it as it carriers or
supports them. In rivers especially discharges vary seasonally, which imposes changes within a
biological community. 1 Water velocity can affect the amount of ... Show more content on
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It is shown that with the ocean, one of the biggest factors in order to promote the diversity within it
is how fast the water flows, it is proven that with the increase in flow, along with it comes the
number of invertebrate species that live under the rocks within that water. 3
Nature of the Caseless Caddis.
Caseless Caddis larvae are normally found in habitats such as lakes, streams and ponds. They have
certain adaptations which allow them to tolerate low oxygen concentrations. Each of the Caseless
Caddis is adapted to specific conditions such as water temperatures and sunlight exposure.
The Caseless Caddis's are relatives of the moths and it is the larval stage of the Caseless caddis the
aquatic stage of its life. A quality of the fly larva is that they make silk threads which help them
adapt to the conditions that they live in.
The Caseless caddis have adapted so that they create a silk tube in which they are then able to live
within the fast flowing water. Many of the caseless caddis is associated with a particular speed of
flow, mainly fast. The caseless caddis have adapted in a way that they have their abdomens placed
safely within the silk tubing they have. As a result of this sclerotisation may have been made in
order to protect them from small stones and other material hitting them as their habitat is within fast

Freshwater Fishing Vs. Fresh Water Fishing
Salt water fishing vs fresh water fishing Remember when you were a little kid waking up at 5 in the
morning just to go fishing. You're just hoping that today will be the day to catch the big one. You're
out there just waiting for something to hit your line. No matter whether salt–water fishing or fresh–
water fishing, it will meet every fisherman's or woman's dreams. It doesn't matter if you're out on
the lake or on the ocean, you are always guaranteed to have a good time and make memories. When
fishing either salt–water or fresh–water you think about what kind of fish you are trying to catch.
One of the most commanded fish fresh–water fish people think of is catfish. They can range from 1
pound up to 60 pounds depending on how old they are. Catfish spend most of their time swimming
on the bottom of lakes or rivers and they will usually eat everything. Catfish are usually dark in
color, so dark that they look brown. If you're more into the sport side of fishing, the first kind of
fresh water fish you think about is a large or small mouth bass. They usually like to chase their prey
down, but they don't wonder to far from their home. These fish lie around the bank waiting for a
chance to eat. Bass color markings usually consist of bright and light green. The weight range of
bass can be between a one–half pound to ten pounds. An example of salt–water fish is Mahi–Mahi.
They are very bright in colors; they vary from dark blue, to light yellow, to spots of green. A

Fresh Water In Canada Essay
Canada's Fresh Water Depletion. Canada is the second largest country in the world, and as of 2018
possess just over 7% of the entire world's fresh water. That being said, some may think Canadians
have no struggle when it comes to drinkable water, and water usage generally. However, Canadians,
along with the rest of the world's population may begin to have major struggles when it comes to
usable water. "Water – despite its theoretical abundance – is probably the biggest looming problem
in Canada" (Dr. Schindler). In North America, water is taken for granted and we seldom concern
ourselves with the many aspects of a society and economy that demand on water. Water is the
backbone of modern infrastructure from urban planning to agricultural ... Show more content on
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As the climate is at a constant warming rate, Canada's winters are going to be shorter with less ice,
and snow. This will cause water shortages as the water collection will not meet the peoples
increasing demands. By Canadians overusing water and not thinking of the future, with the help of
global warming, the droughts, shortages and even excessive water rates will only increase. With
Canada's rising temperature the water is more likely to evaporate much faster than it can replenish
(Aishwarya Sahai). Not to mention the fact that most of Canada's natural water supply, the great
lakes, actually contain undrinkable water. Considering Canada is a very wealthy country when it
comes to water, some may ask why Canadians should be concerned when it comes to matters such
as these. Would these small issues really turn into something so large, or would officials even let it
get to that extent? Well, the answer to those questions is, yes, everyone should care and help out
with a solution. The government is currently looking for solutions although this crisis is not exactly
on the top of their to–do list. The effects of Canada running out of water are immense on both the
environment

Techniques For Providing Fresh Water For Arid Regions Of...
Skills for study 2 ( FC 5012 )
Final Report (60%)
(Autumn 2014)
Write a report assessing the feasibility of different techniques for providing fresh water to arid
regions of the world.
Word count : 1318
Tutor's Name : Miss Janine Evans–Pollard
Student Name : Mr. Bellil Anouar
Class Group Number : 3
Student Kaplan Number : 28344
City University Id Number : 150000527
Submission Date : 3rd December 2014
Introduction :
It is a well known fact that water is one of the most important resource present on earth. Indeed,
water is used in several areas and domains such as : Agriculture , industry and energy ; which are
essential for the sustainability of all the species on earth. However , resources are getting scarce and
the humanity may face a water shortage in the next decades if it doesn 't optimize the distribution
and supply of fresh water.
Nearly 1.2 billion people worldwide lack access to a safe water supply, almost 2.5 billion people
cannot access basic sanitation which caused the deaths of More than five million people who die
each year from water–related diseases that are mostly preventable (IHP,2005). Some areas of our
world are more affected by the lack of fresh water supply than others, those are considered as Arid
regions. Arid and semi–arid regions are characterized by low erratic rainfall of up to 700mm per

year, repetitive droughts and different combinations of vegetative cover and soils which are not
suitable for cultivation

Fresh Water Conflict in Middle East Essay
Water is a finite and limited resource in the Middle East of inestimable value. As such, competition
for control of rivers, basins, and valleys with water flow is inevitable. Due to this, long–term peace
between Israel and its neighbors, Syria, Jordan, and Lebanon will be partially contingent on the
allocation of freshwater. Israel has shown in the past that it will attempt to control and source water
with its interest first rather than on the region as a whole. As such, any long–term peace is highly
dependent on how Israel and its neighbors handle their limited water resources.
Of the vast quantities of water on this planet, only about three percent is freshwater and thus suitable
for human consumption. The largest portion of that is ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
However what is considered fair or respectful is vastly open to interpretation. The Israeli
interpretation is Israel first; ensuring it has the water it needs to not only survive but grow
economically. From the beginning, even before the foundation of the Jewish state, Zionists had
plans on how best to use water from both the Jordan and Litani rivers. They expected a Transjordan
state including both banks of the Jordan River along with land in modern–day Lebanon which
includes the Litani River. These two rivers were central to plans of how to support the expected
Jewish National Homeland. Once the borders were set in 1948 however, the east bank of the Jordan
and the Litani River were in foreign countries and as such beyond reach. Further exacerbating this
was the young nation of Transjordan which also relied heavily on the Jordan River for its water
supply. Resentment over the newly formed Jewish state was strong in the Middle East especially
after the mass removal and migration of Palestinians either fleeing or being forced out by operations
such as Plan Dalet. As Haddadin states, the resulting war was demographic and territorial in nature
but the water issue was also dragged into the "geography of the conflict." Water become part of the
issue in the conflict and as such was necessary

Draining Our Future: The Growing Shortage Of Fresh Water
Water is an essential compound for survival. It is vital because every organism depends on it for
various reasons. As humans, we depend on it for health, hygiene, and to nourish the environment.
However, the misuse of water has profoundly affected water supply in many states. An immense
amount of drinking water is wasted daily. Since more than half of the water supply is used for
agriculture, an excessive amount of drinking water is wasted on crops. There is a misuse of water in
agriculture because farmers are not educated about sustainable farming, which is damaging the
freshwater ecosystems, drying bodies of water, and causing cities to face a shrinkage in water
supply.
Although humans depend on water for survival, freshwater ecosystems are also dependent on
consuming the precise amount of water in order to circumvent ... Show more content on
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Many lakes and main bodies of water are drying out because an immense amount of water is used to
irrigate crops so farmers have to retrieve the water from other sources, such as lakes and rivers when
they are in need of more water. In the article, "Draining Our Future: The Growing Shortage of
Freshwater", Brown states, "Lakes too, are shrinking or even disappearing including some of the
world's best known: Lake Chad in Central Africa, the Aral Sea in Central Asia, and the Sea of
Galilee," (Brown 2). This means that because an excessive quantity of water is required to water
crops, farmers are sometimes forced to retrieve it from other main sources of water. Although
Brown contends that agriculture is not the only cause of dry lakes, he explains that agriculture uses
most of the water in the country because systems have not been implemented to reduce water use to
irrigate crops. Farmers have not established efficient water systems to water their crops, which has
affected the amount of water used in agriculture and has dried many famous bodies of

Facts and Information on Fresh Water Ecosystems
1. Compare and contrast the main types of freshwater ecosystems. Name and describe the major
zones or a typical pond or lake. There are two main types of freshwater ecosystems, those that are
eutrophic, and oligotrophic. Both share the same salinity, yet oligotrophic lakes contain more
oxygen than fish. On the flipside, eutrophic ecosystems have more fish than oxygen, which has
more cyanobacteria and require less oxygen. The ecosystems have similar food chains, yet they
differ on oxygen resources, thus making species differ from eutrophic and oligotrophic ecosystems.
Ponds would be eutrophic, and lakes would be oligotrophic from the fish. Ponds not having a cycle
of water flowing differentiates them from each other. 2. Describe three benefits of damming rivers,
and three costs. What environmental, health, and social concerns has China's three gorges dam
raised? Many cities rely on reservoirs for their source of drinkable water. Also, Energy production
from dams have the potential to large amounts of electrical energy and profit. Flooding precautions
are beneficial due to any amount of water can be controlled by a spillway. Source of usable water by
using reservoirs for their source of fresh water. From China's Three Gorges Dam, there has been
many social and environmental concerns. After completion of the dam in 2008, there was an
increase in landslides that affected all three of the concerns above. Human, Animal and Nature has
been drastically changed after the dam

The Documentary Fresh Water By Angle Falls
The documentary "Fresh Water" is about life's dependency on fresh waters that originate from
streams in the mountains. The world only contains about three percent of fresh water. These fresh
waters come from mainly rivers and lakes that contain a lot of species. Before watching this
documentary, I did not know some of these facts but after watching this film I felt more
knowledgeable about the species that lived in fresh water and general facts about the freshwater
biome. This documentary was interesting and provided me with a lot of knowledge about fresh
waters. For example, I found it interesting that Angle Falls was the tallest free–flowing waterfall in
the world; it drops over 1,000 meters and is cold water that is low in nutrients and

The Feasibility of Different Techniques for Providing...
The feasibility of different techniques for providing fresh water to arid regions in the world
1.0 Introduction
Water is the most valuable and indispensable resource for all forms of life. People need it for every
activity: domestic use, agriculture and industry. Access to fresh water is regarded as a universal
human right (United Nations Committee in Economics, Social and Cultural Rights, 2003). Drought
has become an increasingly important problem in many parts of the world. Water scarcity is most
common in arid and semiarid regions of the world, which cover one third of the Earth's land surface
(Smallwood, 2011). UNESCO and the Italian Ministry for the Environment and Territory (IMET)
have launched "The Water Programme for Africa, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Approximately 4 trillion cubic meters of water is available every year, and only 4% of that is used.
The continent and people lack the technical knowledge and financial resources. In Africa is the
greatest percentage of people lacking access to safe drinking water, there are 25 nations in the world
and 19 are in Africa. (The global challenge, 2011) So adequate management of its water resources is
crucial for the future of the African continent.
3.0 Comparison of Options
3.1 Dams
In meeting critical water needs, there is some alternative technologies, such as dams and
desalination. According to ICOLD (International Commission on Large Dams), a large dam is dam
with the height of 15 m or more. Regional inventories include nearly 1300 large and medium–size
dams in Africa, 40 % of them are located in South Africa. Most of these were constructed in past 30
years, the reason is rising demand for water from growing population. The majority of dams in
Africa have been constructed to facilitate irrigation (52%) and to supply water to municipalities
(20%). Although only 6% of dams were built primarily for electricity generation, hydroelectric
power accounts for more than 80% of total power generation in 18 African countries. Only 1% of
African dams have been constructed to provide flooding control, according to the World
Commission on Dams. Sudan's president, Omar al–Bashir, is so proud of the new Merowe dam in
the north of his country. Costing

Problem Analysis: Walmart: Case Study Of A Company
Problem Analysis.
1. Merchandising unknown products
Before launching the Walmart's production program, Sam Walton knew he is going to create a
program for a company that will become the world's biggest grocer. Sam knew that even though
Walmart was known for general merchandise, it had no customer equity on fresh products. Due to
this, he decided to go forward only with popular and respected products. In brief, he adopted the
tactics of borrowing the popular brands equity and offering it to people.
TESCO, on the other hand, adopted another strategy. It is known that it's very difficult for an
unknown brand (like TESCO's Fresh & Easy stores) to gain a consumers base. In addition to this,
TESCO made this task even more difficult: they decided ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
If TESCO had understood it then the company would not have equipped the stores with self–
checkout service. It persuades American consumers to shop like British. British shopping habits
differ from the US shopping habits. American consumer prefers to buy more goods per visit but
shop less often than the British consumer. In addition, US consumers like to interact with vendors
asking questions and sharing stories, this is a deeply rooted practice. Therefore, it was a bad move to
introduce self–checkout technology in stores in the US because it did not match with its market
characteristics (The Independent,

Landscaping Fresh Water
1. According to Rogers, what conditions are leading to water scarcity?
There is an ill use of the limited fresh water supplies in certain regions of the world. Water sources
are being threatened by contamination through ill disposal of waste byproducts such as sewage,
pollutants (chemicals) and ill management of agricultural pollutants such as fertilizers (pg. 46). The
use of salt water for landscaping in coastal regions are also contributing to this scarcity as influxes
in global temperatures (global warming) causes ground water depletion through evaporation. Also
must of the rain water aren't captured and stored; most of it evaporates and some end up in the ocean
(pg. 48). Primarily the issue is that the supply of fresh water isn't able ... Show more content on
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But if prices were to be increased, these same people will try conserve water in order to keep within
budget (pg. 50). Money seems to make the world go around, so by hitting people in their pockets,
the importance of water conservation can be brought into the main light. Commercial companies
and municipalities would also be compelled to focus on reducing water usage and waste; thus
convincing them to update their old, tired water delivery systems which would otherwise wouldn't
be looked at until a major problem arose. A major consumer of water are agriculture irrigation.
Water can be conserved by fixing leaks in the irrigation water delivery system, banking water
underground to limit evaporation – especially in no growing season when the demand for irrigation
water is low – and using drip–irrigation methods (pg. 51). Also crops can be genetically modified to
withstand less moisture; also reducing water usage. The virtual water trade initiative can help water
wastage: the term relates to trading produce which requires high volumes of water to grow with
regions with a limited water supply (pg. 52). Thus freeing more water to expend on other
applications. Another means of reducing water consumption and wastage is to adopt low water
sanitation systems (pg. 52). These systems divide urine for reuse in agriculture and the remaining
waste can be converted to compost which can be used as fertilizers;

Fresh Water : A Vital Resource That Has Been On Everyone...
Fresh water is a vital resource that has been on everyone's minds around the world for a number of
years. We are always in demand of clean drinking water and globally there are millions of people
who have little to no access to any. It was discovered that icebergs contain huge amounts of fresh
water, a seemingly untapped resource that could be taken advantage of. In 1980, Terry Spragg
constructed an idea to transport icebergs across the ocean in order to use this source of clean water.
Most of the world's icebergs are found in the Northern Atlantic Ocean near Greenland and in
Antarctica. Icebergs are huge floating masses of ice that have been around for many years, some as
old as 10,000 years. Icebergs are made of fresh water, which is lighter than salt water, which is why
they float even though they are so massive. They only contain approximately 1.7% of the Earths
total water supply but of that they hold 68.7% of the total freshwater that we have on Earth. The
attraction of using icebergs for their fresh water supply is extremely easy to understand.
Terry Spragg's invention, Spragg Bags, are flexible fabric barges made for the transportation of bulk
fresh water or other liquid items such as chemicals or oil. The bags are shaped to be cylindrical to
better support the mass of liquids they carry and the material used to make them is a rubber
polyurethane. They can either be transported as a single unit or multiple bags can be attached to one
another in order to transport

Drowning In Fresh Water Vs Salt Water Research Paper
Drowning Victims in Fresh water vs. Salt Water Can drowning get any worse? If you consister
drowning in fresh water compared to drowning in salt water, it really can. If you know about cell
transportation and osmosis; you could infer which would be more trematic, and the diffrences
between drownding in fresh water compaired to salt. In drowning cases people dont really die from
oxygen loss, its by a much faster process known as osmosis. Osmosis is the movement of water
across a membrane from a low concentration to an area with high concentration (Boundless).
Osmosis takes place durning passive transportation, which is a process of cell tranportation. So
when people drown weather it is in fresh water or salt water it is osmosis that is what mainly causes
the death. First lets consider the worse option, which would be drowning in fresh water. In terms of
osmosis whenever there is a disturbance in the concentraion levels, water will do anything until it
has reach equalibrium. Since fresh water is more dulute compared to the water ions in your lung
cells, when water starts rushing into your lungs it imediantly starts ... Show more content on
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Ive actually conducted an experiment where three potato strips were put into three different solution:
distilled water, 10% NaCl, and 85% NaCl. The potatos were left in the solutions for fortyfive
minutes. The experiment is to test different versions of osmosis. After fortyfive minutes had passed I
took the potatos out of the solutions, and observed the results. The potato that was in the 10% NaCl
solution was still firm, but slightly bendable. The potato strip that was in the distilled water was hard
and rigid. To sum it up the effects to the potato strips were the same effects as the blood cells in the
drowned victims. The hypotonic ones swelled up and gained water, while the hypertonic ones
shriveled up and lost

Essay On Fresh Water
Food production, agriculture, paper, oil and gasoline industries are major users of fresh water.
Environmental homeostasis has ceased to the ever–increasing global population and paucity of fresh
water is one of the most severe outcomes of the same. This necessitates the efficient recycling of
marginal water sources and ultra–permeable membranes1 are rapidly emerging as a widely–
implemented technology for the same. Presently used membranes are either dense solution2,3 or
diffusion based4,5 or channel– based6,7 which predominantly target molecular size separations in
the > 1–2 nm scale8. However, stringent sub nm (2 – 10 Å) separations are essential for defense,
transportation systems (automobile exhaust filters), water purification and a ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
The single–file water permeation through AQP1 makes it a potential player for water purification
systems, since any solute of sizes greater than a water molecule would be rejected by it. The near–
centrally placed constriction diameter is ~2.7 Å. Longitudinally, AQP1 extend up to ~60 Å and the
constriction is located at ~22 Å from the top. The single–file water permeation through AQP1 makes
it a potential player for water purification systems, since any solute of sizes greater than a water
molecule would be rejected by it. However, the advantages of AQP1 are outweighed by its less
stable structure, and a reactive pore wall which forms hydrogen bonds with the permeating water18
and slows it down . The alpha helical structure is not suitable for integrating an array of them in
membrane systems due to its inability to stand high shear stresses. All AQP1s have a conserved
Asparagine–Proline–Alanine (NPA) motif19 where the N–terminus of asparagine (Asp) hydrogen
bonds with the water oxygen. OmpF20 on the other hand, is beta–barrel transmembrane protein
mainly involved in transporting sugars and amino acids in solution. There are more than 50 isoforms
of OmpF in gram negative bacteria such as, Escherichia coli. Like AQP1, OmpF also has an hour–
glass shaped structure. However, the pore constriction diameter of OmpF is ~4 times than that of
AQP1. The pore constriction is guarded by positively charged arginine (Arg) and negatively charged
glutamine (Glu) residues placed

Is Lake Superior Going to Be Fresh Out of Water? Essay
The Great Lakes are one of the largest freshwater systems in the world, and Lake Superior is the
largest and the deepest of the five lakes. But in 2007, water levels almost reached a record low,
causing unease and uncertainty among the local population. Due to the decline of the water levels, it
is evident that Canada should invest more funds into improving the Great Lakes system, as there is
much more Canada can and should do to lessen economic and environmental impacts.
First, Canada's current management of the Lake's conditions is inadequate. The outflow of the water
through Sault Ste. Marie and into other Great Lakes is not being tracked accurately ("Lake Superior:
Where..."). Currently, it isn't certain as to how much water actually ... Show more content on
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Cargo ships are forced to lighten their load by 50 to 250 tons to adjust to decreasing water levels
("Readers Want to..."). This means that less cargo is being transported with the same transport costs
for a larger shipping, leaving behind several tons of the shipments on the dock for another trip. Not
only would this cause a loss of millions of dollars in profit, but it would also create a more costly
transportation liability to ship the same cargo in shallower waters. Also, large vacation and tourism
yachts are now limited to twenty large yachts that measure up to 19.5m in length, down from a 30–
yacht capacity (Larmour 1). With a smaller capacity in the lake, tour companies cannot send out as
many large yachts into the Lake. Canadian tourism agencies in the Great Lakes area will not be able
to make as much profit as they would with higher water levels. Less water also means the waterline
will retreat, so lakefront cottages will no longer be at the lakefront (McGuinness 1). The cottages
will lose their credibility, and their value will decrease. Less and less people will have the desire to
visit their cottages on the lake, and since the cottages are now inland, it will be difficult to sell them
when the time comes.
Finally, the surrounding ecosystems' heath is at risk. Wild rice paddies are drying, as the water can
no longer irrigate the paddies ("Lake Superior: Where..."). Removing one link from a food chain can
cause the entire

California, California The Fresh Water
Introduction The Earth is a huge planet this is covered by 70 percent water. Astonishingly, from the
70 percent of the worlds water the human population can only use 1 percent because the rest of it is
salt water, frozen, or in some way unattainable (Santa Clara Valley Water District, 2016). Humans
have found many different ways to obtain this 1 percent of fresh water they need, but the techniques
vary depending on location. In San Jose, California the fresh water is obtained through 3 major
sources: groundwater, imported surface water, and local mountain surface water. These 3 sources
contribute different amounts of water to the San Jose community but their contribution can vary due
to factors such as weather and global warming. Imported surface water composes about 50 percent
of San Jose's water supply, while ground water composes roughly 40 percent, and local mountain
surface water composes approximately 10 percent (Santa Jose Water Company, 2016).
Groundwater
Groundwater is water that seeps through the ground and gets stored underground. The supply of
groundwater is always changing because it is constantly used and replenished. The groundwater
supply replenishes and grows due to rain and snow melt and can decrease due to things like
droughts and heavy usage. Depending on the type of surface of the ground as much as 20 percent of
the rain and snow melt can seep into the ground or as little as 5 percent (Raymond, 1988). Areas
where as much as 20 percent of the water can

Fresh Water : The Problem Of Solution : Water Pollution
There are many ways to fix pollution, action just needs to take place! Did you know that over ⅔ of
the world is covered with water, and less than ⅓ is covered with land? As the world's population
continus to grow at a rapid pace slowly the earth will run out of fresh water! Now that will be a big
problem. Freshwater will slowly start to run out, and some other countries around the world such as
Ethiopia, Chad, Cambodia, Haiti and many more. Freshwater for those countries are not available or
is at a limited supply. Water pollution plays a role in some of these countries, their water is
contained. Drinking contained water can result to cholera, dysentery, typhoid, and many other
serious illness and even death. Nearly 289,000 children age of 5 die because of unclean water or
lack of water, That's 800 children a day or it's 1 child every 2 minutes. Water pollution is caused by
a variety of things such as: industrial waste, sewage and wastewater, mining activity, chemical
fertilizers and pesticides, improper disposal, the burning of fossil fuels and more. When farmers use
chemical fertilizers and pesticides to protect their crops for bugs and bacterias, they spray a mixture
of harmful chemicals that could harm animals and people. Have you even come home and seen little
sign on your grass that says, "Please do not walk on your grass it has be sprayed with chemicals?" I
have! When it rains, the chemicals are mixed together can flow into stream, ponds and even rivers
and can pose serious threats to wildlife that depend on water from streams, ponds, and rivers. In
some other countries, that stream, river or pond was their own source of freshwater and now it has
been contained, what will they do now? Burning fossil fuels doesn't only affect the air, but it also
affects the water. Burning fossil fuels such as coal and oil, when burnt the produce substantial
amount of ash in the atmosphere. Some certain toxic chemicals mixed with water vapor can create
acid rain.
Water pollution has always been a concern, just thinking that some people in other countries don't
have access to clean drinking water is hard to fathom. We have unlimited access to water in the
United States. Drinking water is part of my everyday life, wake

Feasibility of Different Techniques for Providing Fresh...
FC/PM501 Skills for study 2 | Feasibility of different techniques for providing fresh water to arid
regions of the world. | Final report | | Word count 1200 | Tutor: James Belcher | | 1.0 Introduction
Everything which lives needs water to survive. There are a lot of places in the world where we can
find such problem as lack of clean water, and most of these places are developing countries. These
include areas in the north of China, India, and the western United States. Global climate change only
exacerbates the problem of water shortage. The World population is currently 7 billion people, and
each of them needs at least a liter of water a day. What is more, with the explosive growth of the
world population, water ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The collected water can be used for drinking, for irrigation, for livestock, if collected in a container,
and then filtered. Rainwater collection system is very convenient, because it is simple to understand,
installation and operation. The principle of operation is simple. Water from the roof to the drain pipe
goes into the tank or tank if you want to use the water in the house, such as for drinking, it will pass
through the filter. for more complex systems requires a system of regulation There is around 1000
liter on each square meter a year, so, there is nearly 100 000 liter rainwater to collect a year on an
average roof, what means 217 litter of water a day (Aramo, 2012). According to the UK Rainwater
Harvesting Association good quality domestic system cost between $3000 and $4000 4.0
Recommendations and Conclusion Water is a finite resource. These techniques are not suitable for
all arid regions, only some can work for some regions. For example, Western Sahara can use
desalination, but it can't use rainwater, because there is no rain there or groundwater exploitation.
Desalination of water has become more available in the last decade, cost are falling rapidly, but it
still costs more than extraction of groundwater due to the huge costs required to remove the salt, so
that the water was fit for drinking and of its further use. Government in arid regions, when decide
how to get and clean out water, now

Protecting Fresh Water Resources At Rasmussen College By...
Protecting Fresh Water Resources Elizabeth Rodriguez Rasmussen College Author Note This
assignment is being submitted on December 4th, 2011 for Gareth Buckland for G350/GEO3376
Section 03 Conservation of Resources – Fall 2011 at Rasmussen College by Elizabeth Rodriguez.
Protecting Fresh Water Resources Freshwater ecosystems such as rivers and lakes provide drinking
water, food, energy, transportation and even joy. But a staggering amount of fresh water is wasted or
spoiled every day. Experts warn that in the next 20 years, half of the world's population could face
water shortages. There are practical solutions to freshwater conservation. These solutions ensure we
meet our current needs and conserve this precious resource for ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
1271 et seq.) to preserve certain rivers with outstanding natural, cultural, and recreational values in a
free–flowing condition for the enjoyment of present and future generations. The Act is notable for
safeguarding the special character of these rivers, while also recognizing the potential for their
appropriate use and development. It encourages river management that crosses political boundaries
and promotes public participation in developing goals for river protection [ (National Wild and
Scenic Rivers, 2007) ]. Rivers may be designated by Congress or, if certain requirements are met,
the Secretary of the Interior. Each river is administered by either a federal or state agency.
Designated segments need not include the entire river and may include tributaries. For federally
administered rivers, the designated boundaries generally average one–quarter mile on either bank in
the lower 48 states and one–half mile on rivers outside national parks in Alaska in order to protect
river–related values [ (National Wild and Scenic Rivers, 2007) ]. Rivers are classified as wild,
scenic, or recreational. Wild river areas are those rivers or sections of rivers that are free of
impoundments and generally inaccessible except by trail, with watersheds or shorelines essentially
primitive and waters unpolluted. These represent vestiges of primitive America. Scenic river areas
are those rivers or sections of rivers that are free of impoundments, with

The Importance Of Fresh Water Invertebrates
Fresh water invertebrates rely on many things to help them survive in the river and other bodies of
water. The water quality must be the right pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen levels and
conductivity levels in the water for the invertebrates to survive. Fresh water invertebrates are
important for the ecosystem as they feed on mosses on the rocks and provide food for predators to
keep the ecosystem together. Water quality is important because if it is poor then the animals, not
only livestock but domestic pets, will be affected by it because they would drink from the river. Not
only do animals drink from it but water is also extracted from this river for human consumption as
drinking water, therefore if diseases get in to water it can also have consequences on humans as well
as animals. (find evidence) The quality of the water can affect the way in which the ecosystem can
change as if the water quality becomes poor then this can influence not only the invertebrates
themselves but those species that eat these invertebrates (Wren & Stephenson, 1991). Therefore, the
whole food chain would be broken as the predators would have nothing to eat so would then they
will also start to die. By monitoring what freshwater invertebrates are in each section of the river, we
can check what the water quality in the water is like as certain invertebrates survive in different
conditions (look up what invertebrates survive better in acid and alkaline water). The area around
the river Plym is

Toy Retailing in India
PROJECT REPORT
ON
Identification of locations for the toy retail venture between Reliance and Hamleys
Table of Content:
1. Introduction 4
2. Problem Definition 4
3. Review of Literature 5
4. Research Gap Analysis 7
5. Problem objective 7
6. Data to be Used 8
7. Research Design 8
Type of research 8
Methodology 8
Primary Survey 8
Experiential Survey 8
Data Collection Method 9
Secondary Sources 9
8. Toy Industry In India: 9

Toys and Games 9
About Hamleys: History: 14
More about the store: 15
Different Products At Hamleys: 16
Other Attractions In Hamleys: 16
About Reliance Retail: 16
About the Joint venture: 17
9. Data Analysis and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Giant toy stores since they do not manufacture their own products, attempt to develop brand loyalty
to the stores themselves. The shopping experience itself is now sold to consumers. Retailers want
customers to think of their stores as a destination, not a mere outlet for the distribution of products.
Their goal is to move attention away from the products sold, which are available anywhere, even
over the Internet, to the place where the products are sold. Diamond Toys, one of such specialty toy
shops in USA emphasizes status, high quality, unique merchandise and excellent service. Their goal
is to attract a wealthy, cosmopolitan clientele seeking unique, high–quality toys sold by solicitous,
knowledgeable service workers. Hence, stores in the Diamond Toys chain are generally located in
upscale shopping districts in major cities and are built to resemble amusement parks making them
appeal to tourists as well as to the wealthy. Hence, the image the store wants to build for itself, the
clientele it wishes to serve, play a major role in deciding store locations. A store which is interested
in building an image of value for money and offers large discounts will probably locate itself in the
city outskirts and depend upon the discount and variety if offers to lure customers to make the trip

Fresh Water For Tuvalu : Project And Health Issue
Fresh Water for Tuvalu
Celine Wilson
California Baptist University
Fresh Water for Tuvalu
Project and Health Issue
In the peaceful island country of Tuvalu, there is no genocide, no civil unrest, but no fresh water
source. Rainwater harvesting is the primary source of fresh water. Rainwater collected from roofs, to
gutters, and stored in tanks; unfortunately, these tanks are poorly maintained, or damaged by tropical
cyclones, resulting in a lack of water (Kingston, 2012). Three out of the nine islands that make up
the country of Tuvalu have a natural water source; however, the three islands with a natural water
source, have issues with their septic system, and it contaminates their aquifer, and its thin fresh
water lens. The purpose of this paper is to provide the country of Tuvalu a plan to establish a
permanent desalinization plant for the country to have a consistent source of safe, clean drinking
water.
Background
Information about region
Tuvalu is an island nation, comprising of six atolls and three reef islands (Tilling & Fihaki, 2009). It
is located south of the Pacific Ocean by other islands such as Samoa, and Fiji. It was a
Commonwealth of the United Kingdom until December 1974. Because Tuvalu is by the Equator, it
has a tropical climate all year round. According to Tilling & Fihaki, "The average annual rainfall is
3,000 mm although rainfall can exceed 4,000 mm per annum at times, though Tuvalu often
experiences droughts because of its location near

A Brief Note On Ocean Water And Fresh Water
1) Sometimes different parts of the ocean are saltier than others. This salt comes from the rocks on
land. The rain that falls on the land involves dissolved carbon dioxide from the surrounding air. This
then makes the rainwater to be slightly acidic due to carbonic acid. As the rain wears away the rock,
acids in the rainwater begin to disintegrate the rock. This process creates ions, or electrically
charged atomic particles. These ions are then carried away in runoff to rivers and streams and,
eventually, to the ocean. A Lot of dissolved ions are used by organisms in the ocean and are
removed from the water. Others are not used up and get left for long periods of time where their
concentrations increase over time. Ocean water and fresh water are two different types of water for
example salt water is made during the movement of water on land over time and fresh water
contains only small amounts of salt.The components of rocks are broken down and become a part of
a "salty" resolution.
Ocean water has characteristics similar to freshwater with some apparent differences because of all
the salts dissolved in water. The salinity of seawater is usually 35 parts per thousand in most marine
areas. The standard salinity of ocean water is 3.5% which means that 35 grams of salt dissolve in a
liter of seawater. The salinity of different bodies of water inhibit organisms from thriving in both
saltwater

The Natural Resources Of Fresh Water
No More Fresh Water
The earth has many different natural resources that it is made up of. Some of these resources include
oxygen, soil, food, and most of all water. However, one of them is increasingly becoming scarce and
it is a problem that not everybody is aware of. This resource is water, but not just regular water or
salt water, fresh water. The earth is made up of 70% water. Out of that 70%, only 2.5% is fresh
water which is mostly locked up in ice caps and glaciers. The amount of fresh water on earth that is
from the surface is only 1.3% (Powers). Fresh water is the main source for so many different uses
and not a lot of people realize that it is slowly draining. Without fresh water, many of our everyday
tasks would not be able to be completed, which is why it is a major issue. Fresh water is used for
drinking, cooking, cleaning, agriculture, and industry. Will we run out of fresh water? Some believe
that the earth will never run out of fresh water because there is a large quantity of it. However, I
argue that the earth will run out of fresh water. By making a causal argument, I claim that the earth
is running out of fresh water due to aquifers running out of water from the increasing population on
earth and climate changes that occur and due to the government not taking responsibility for water
management. To begin, the earth is running out of fresh water due to the population increase on
earth. With almost seven billion people on the planet and slowly

History Of Wales Fresh Water Supply
now that we have looked at where each of the country 's get there fresh water from now to determine
if the sources are sustainable. Wales fresh water supply is pretty sustainable the UK 'S weather is fed
by the gulf stream. The warm tropical air has evaporated liquid from the oceans around the equator
until it rises to the north of the planet where it is cooler when it reaches a cool enough point it will
begin to fall back down to earth this especially happens over mountainous regions that trap the
clouds and moist air.Fortunitly this means that wales is perfect for lots of rainfall (this is also
unfortunate for the tourism in the local area as it is raining most of the time and deters sun
worshiping tourists).This method of collecting rainwater from rivers and lakes proves very effective
and is fairly sustainable the only way this method of collecting fresh water could become
unsustainable would be if global warming melts the the icecaps this would mean that there was no
heat difference between the equator and the icecaps this in turn would change or even completely
stop the gulf stream. Iceland also has a very sustainable fresh water supply very similar to wales it
has lots of tappable fresh water lakes as well as several fresh water rivers.The only difference
between wales and Iceland is the amount of ice Iceland has. the ice could be viewed as a positive or
as a negative the ice means that even when it doesn 't rain so much such as in the dryer months they
still

The Effects Of Water Pollution On The World 's Fresh Water...
There are several factors that have led to a significant portion of the world's fresh water supply
being polluted. Most of them are either indirectly or directly caused by humans. For instance
pesticides used for farming can seep in to underground water supplies and pollute the ground water.
Many countries dump large amounts of sewage into the both oceans and rivers each day, leaving
many people without safe drinking water. This paper will discuss some of the factors causing water
pollution, as well as possible solutions to the increasing amount of water pollution worldwide, and
also ways to prevent it in the future. Water pollution is the contamination of natural bodies of water
by various hazardous waste, such as chemical, physical, radioactive or pathogenic microbial
substances. Averse water quality can cause several different types of ailments, for example cholera
is spread through contaminated food and water. It is most common in areas without a waste
treatment systems, so the sewage seeps into the town's water supply. There are four classes of water
pollutants first being Chemical Pollutants which are "generally atoms or molecules, which have
been discharged into natural water bodies, usually by activities of humans." (Hogan) The second
class being Physical Pollutants such as trash or temperature change. The third class is Radioactive
substances "a special sub–class of chemical pollutants, and by mass represent the smallest of the
contributors to water pollution."

Salt Water vs Fresh Water
Salt Water or Fresh Water, Which Would You Prefer? Many people wonder, what big differences are
between salt water and fresh water? Is it just water with salt versus water without salt? Those are
some common questions people have. Most people ask about the differences, but they forget about
the similarities of salt water and fresh water, as well. Did you know that Salt water and fresh water
have very different plant and animal life? There are also a few complex fish that can live in both salt
water and fresh water. Salt water and fresh water actually have some similarities along with many
differences besides salt. Some of the chemical properties are the same between salt water and fresh
water. Salt water and fresh water ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Fresh water also contains some interesting fish, although most don't seem as colorful as salt water
fish. Archerfish are a type of tropical fish. Blue gill are part of the sun fish family. Crappie is a
common fish that are also related to the sun fish and perch family. Darter fish are small and related
to the perch family as well. Sunfish and perch are both families of fresh water fish that include many
species (Animal Planet). Minnows are not considered to be one specific species, but are considered
to be around 300 species. One unique fish, the lungfish, is interesting because of its ability to
breathe through lungs as well as gills. Piranhas are fish widely known for how mean and aggressive
they can be. One of the largest freshwater fish is the Pirarucu (Animal Planet). Pirarucu fish can get
as big as ten feet long and 485 pounds (Britannica). Male swordtail fish are known for their
intriguing spike on their tail. More creatures that live in fresh water are white fish, blind fish,
bowfin, black fish, tench, buffalo fish, climbing perch and many more (Animal Planet)! For
protection and food, plant life is necessary for these organisms. There are many interesting plants
that live in salt water. These plants are very important for the life in the ocean as well as the ocean.
Algae come in a variety of colors and are the largest group of plants in the sea. Algae are food for
many sea creatures. It grows in strips and has been known to reach

Fresh Water In Hawaii
In prehistoric times, Hawaii's earliest dwellers captured their water supplies from fresh water
springs, lakes, streams and shallow wells that inhabit the Hawaiian Islands. A population that may
have expanded to hundreds of thousands prospered on the island only because of wise management
of their lands and water resources. They were able to do this because of strict "kapu" which is a
Hawing word for sacred or laws. These laws for water resources were enforced to the highest
degree. The "kanawai" or laws of water, ultimately became the number one rule of the society.
"They set forth rules such as: You could collect water from only the highest parts of the river.
Washing was to be done downstream. Destroying or damaging irrigation systems or water sources
were sternly punished, sometimes by death."(BWS 2004) Living on this island surrounded by salt
water, ancient Hawaiians learned the significance of its restricted fresh water sources. ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Included in the report are various organic and inorganic chemicals that may or may not be naturally
occurring, amounts found, and where the chemicals are thought to be originating from. Like every
city in the United States there is going to be elements and chemicals that are found that will scare
some people. But the important thing to look at is the part per amount in the water. The water reports
normally list every compound found in the water, as well as non–regulated compounds found. This
is great because they do not discriminate on which compounds to list. After they receive the list,
they then measure the amount usually parts million (ppm) or parts per billion (ppb). The
Environmental Protection Agency has done extensive testing and found safe cutoff levels of these
chemicals and in order for a city to produce drinking or potable water, they must adhere to these

Tesco
Assignment 3 – A manuscript – Tesco
Hello Ladies and Gentlemen.
First of all I would like to thank you for having me here today. It's great to see so many beautiful
upcoming business people attending at this conference.
My name is Nadia Veis and I'm a PR assistant at Tesco, the world's 3rd largest retailer after Wal–
Mart and Carrefour. I've been a representative for the company for about four years now. I've been
looking forward to give this speech to you guys here at the London School of Economics. Within the
next hour you'll be hearing about some of Tesco's current problems and how we at Tesco efforts to
solve them taking the changing consumer behavior into consideration.
Tesco is a multi–billion–pound corporation, which is ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The stores attract the value shopper with its affordability, and the upscale shopper with gourmet
items like cheeses, desserts and wine. Fresh & Easy helps keep prices down by offering fewer
items in each category, thus simplifying things for shoppers. Unlike many of our competitors, we
also employ nonunion labor. And because the stores do not use checkers or baggers, they carry about
25–30 associates each.
With Fresh & Easy we have made a commitment to building leadership in energy and
environmental design certified buildings. We will recycle or reuse shipping and display products.
The food transportation trailers are hybrid electric–diesel. The Riverside distribution center of Fresh
& Easy hosts California's largest solar roof installation. All stores are equipped with LED lights
in freezers, coolers and for outdoor signage. Some stores have reserved parking for hybrid cars. The
green idea with The Fresh & Easy concept was expensive, so we hope that our consumers are
ready to pay a bit more for a healthier and greener product.
Tesco Club card is the loyalty card of Tesco. Via our club cards we are able to be the first to pick up
on changing consumer behavior, which also gives us the opportunity to follow up on the needs of
our customers. We can reveal that the proportion of shoppers buying organic food has increased

Feasibility of Different Techniques for Providing Fresh Water
1.0 INTRODUCTION There has been a significant water crisis in various regions of the world over
the last few years. Only about 3% of the water in the world is fresh; therefore there is relatively little
fresh water available in some regions of the world, these regions are called arid and semi arid
regions. The FAO (1987, cited in IFAD,n.d) defines arid and semi arid regions as "areas falling
within the rainfall zones of 0–300 mm and 300–600 mm, respectively". In other words, arid and
semi arid regions are regions in which there is insufficient rainfall and rainfall patterns are liable to
significant fluctuations. Some arid regions are in North Africa, South America, some parts of central
Asia and the Middle East as well including countries ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
2.2 PRODUCTION VOLUMES AND WATER QUALITY. Desalination continues to assist various
countries such as Saudi Arabia in increasing their supply of freshwater to the public. In his report,
Alghariani (2003) suggests that the expense of spare parts, maintenance and training costs, as well
as the difficulty of some processes involved, has lead to the low production volume from
desalination techniques, however, Lisa Henthorne of the International Desalination Association,
claims that as of 2009, there were 14,451 desalination plants with a combined production volume of
59.9 million cubic metres per day, indicating an increase in the supply of freshwater. Although
seawater desalination removes most of the contaminants in the water, and not all, it still provides
means for utilizing the ocean, which is the world's main water resource, and this continues to deliver
high quality water, which is suitable for human consumption, therefore making significant
contributions to the supply of water to arid regions. 3.0 ACQUIRING GROUNDWATER USING
BOREHOLES AND WELLS. Groundwater, which is the water located beneath the earth's surface in
soil pore spaces and fractures of rock formations called aquifers, are seen naturally in springs and
seeps. It can also be obtained artificially through various methods such as digging of wells and
drilling of boreholes. 3.1 TECHNOLOGIES AND COST The drilling of boreholes requires large–
scale

Human Waste Into Fresh Drinking Water
The thought of turning human waste into fresh drinking water may sound disgusting to most people,
but for a continent like Africa this could be the answer to their prayers. Africa has been a struggling
country when it comes to clean drinking water and proper sanitation, so a machine that could fix
both of these problems would be life changing. That machine is called the Omni Processor and the
Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation funded it in 2013. This machine could transform the future of
water purification in poor countries forever. "Water is essential to life; however, people do not have
access to clean and safe drinking water and several die of waterborne bacterial infections" (Cabral).
Africa is home to many of these people. This region is in desperate need of a transition, not only in
access to fresh water, but also for better sanitation. Toilets are often found over pits, next septic
trucks are hired to pump out the sewage, and finally carried away. The dumping sites for the sewage
are commonly found in rivers, streams, or oceans. Thus contaminating Africa's fresh drinking water
causing many people to become sick. An even bigger problem is when the toilets, which are called
pit latrines, fill up people have no choice but to go to the bathroom outside in the open and have by
the time this ends up running down into the open drinking water. No matter where people in Africa
defecate it almost always ends up in their drinking water. This problem is constantly getting worse

The American Industrial City : The Issue Of Fresh Water,...
The American Industrial City: The Issue of Fresh Water, Water Pollution, and Smells
Throughout the mid–19th century, many cities across America were becoming industrialized and
growing in size. As a city develops and grows, the city uses resources such as food, water, raw
products, and energy. All these resources are consumed within a city. The outcome of all this
consumption is the production of waste (Tarr 15). In the mid–19th century, a massive migration of
Americans and wave of migrants from different countries in Europe and other parts of the world
begin to settle in urban settings across America. Many were seeking better job opportunities and
better lives in American cities. As a result, industrial cities grew dramatically and became ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
There was a concern of who had access to clean water and how to deal with wastewater. Joel Tarr, in
The Metabolism of the Industrial City, discusses how the industrial city of Pittsburgh began
encountering issues of access to fresh water and problems with wastewater polluting the
environment. Many homes in the mid–19th century, especially among the working class did not
have access to running water (Tarr 15–19). Joel Tarr argued that access to water was "unevenly
distributed" and created "environmental injustice" among the poor in Pittsburgh (Tarr 18). The low–
income districts had poor water supplies compared to the affluent neighborhoods. The working class
often relied on using the nearby local springs, wells, and rivers that were polluted as a drinking
source. Tarr discussed that the pollution of the rivers in Pittsburgh was caused from both domestic
and industrial sources. This badly affected the condition of water being extracted from rivers and
wells, which is used heavily for both consuming water and for industrial usages (Tarr 16). As
factories were built near riverbanks, many industries would pollute the nearby water resources when
oils, chemicals, and other waste contaminated vital drinking water. However, this pollution of water
was also the result of so many people living in a congested city. As more people began living in
cities and were

Ankistodemus: Fresh Water Pollution
The introducing to any type of pollution, man–made or artificial, can have an outstanding effect to a
natural environment. When the word of pollution is thought of, it's never a positive thought and can
do harm to where humans and many different organism lives. There are many different freshwater
pollution and each one of having it one effect. One of the organism that live is fresh water is
Ankistodemus, a green alga that grows in fresh water pond and lakes. When Sodium chloride (salt)
is added to the alga environment what type of effect will it have on its growth? The importance of
this experiment to make aware of how pollution have a stern effect on the living things around the
Earth. Being alert of this will expression how putting more care on the environment will extend the
life span of the Earth. The goal of adding Sodium chloride, the pollutant, to water, that
Ankistodemus live in, is for illustration how Sodium chloride will inhibit the growth of
Ankistrodesmus algae.
One of the pollution type is Salinization. The effect the "salt build–up in soils which kills crops or
reduces yields". GreenFacts: Facts on Health and the Environment reported that the primary source
is alkaline soils because of over irrigation. As the Salt expanse ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The machine must be set in the correct wavelength of light to read, the spectrophotometer measured
the wavelength in nanometers (nm). The spectrophotometer will always be able to measure the
amount of light the algae absorb, but what is needed is what wavelength that the pure
Ankistrodesmus absorb light the most strongly. Before starting to testing to see the wavelength that's
best suited for the pure Ankistrodesmus use a blank with the blank provided after each wavelength
measured. Once the perfect wavelength is found started the Day 0 measurements, then Day 14, and
Day 21. After each measure store tubes in rack under a heat source with tops on the tube

Tesco Case
Wrigley, Neil; Lowe, Michelle and Cudworth, Katherine
The Internationalisation of Tesco – new frontiers, new problems
Wrigley, Neil; Lowe, Michelle and Cudworth, Katherine, (2014) "The Internationalisation of Tesco
– new frontiers, new problems", Johnson, Gerry; Whittington, Richard; Scholes, Kevan; Angwin,
Duncan and Regner, Patrick, Exploring Strategy: Text and cases, 657–661, Longman Scientific &
Technical © Staff and students of the University of Worcester are reminded that copyright subsists
in this extract and the work from which it was taken. This Digital Copy has been made under the
terms of a CLA licence which allows you to: * access and download a copy; * print out a copy;
Please note that this material is for use ONLY by ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Licensed for use for the course: "BUSM3004 – Global Business Strategy". Digitisation authorised
by Judith Keene
ISN: 1292002549
CASE STUDY
The internationalisation of Tesco – new frontiers and new problems
Neil Wrigley, Michelle Lowe and Katherine Cudworth
Tesco's international expansion until 2010 had seemed like a complete success despite the odd
hiccough. This case re–examines Tesco's internationalisation in the context of harsher economic
conditions, using a comparison of its operations in South Korea and the USA to draw out important
strategic dimensions of the retail internationalisation process. It also explores the organisational
consequences of that process for the firm, particularly when it is perceived to threaten the home
market performance of the retailer.
●
In May 2013, Tesco, the UK's largest retailer and private sector employer of labour, announced
annual sales for 2012–13 of £72 billion (~ $109bn ~ CSSbn),1 barely changed from the previous
year. Profits were £3.4bn, down from £3.8 billion the year before. For Philip Clarke, Tesco's CEO
since 2011, this was his second set of disappointing annual results. Sales across Europe were flat,
and the company had had to decide at the end of 2012 to exit Tesco's business in the United States.
The main source of encouragement seemed to be Tesco's growing Asian business. Philip Clarke
declared: 'Building an international business, even when the global headwinds work

Redwin Wilchcombe Case Study
Facts: Redwin Wilchcombe had composed, performed and recorded a song called Tha Weedman,
this song was on request of Lil Jon who is a member of Lil Jon & the East Side Boyz (LJESB).
Redwin Wilchcombe was not paid, however was credited on the album as a producer. After the
album, had sold 2 million copies, Redwin Wilchcombe had filed a suit against Lil Jon & the East
Side Boyz. East side Boyz Claimed to have a license to use the song. Issue: Is Lil Jon & the East
Side Boyz Responsible for copyright infringement Rule: When it comes to licensing its important to
always avoid litigation and still make use of another's trademark or other form of intellectual
property is to obtain a license to do so. A license is considered an agreement, contract

A Report On Fresh Water Creek
Fresh water creek is located in FNQ in Freshwater, The creek is mostly surrounded by farms and
housing. Fresh water creek is used by local residents for recreational, leisure activities. Throughout
this report, students will be analysing the water qualities of freshwater creek.
Water or (H20, or H0H) is one of the most abundant important molecule on Earth. Water is the only
substance that occurs naturally in all the three forms (solid, liquid and gas). A water molecule is a
bent molecule with a V Shape. A bent molecule is similar to a trigonal planar but lacks the third
atom, instead the third molecule is replaced with unshared electrons (APPENDIX dd). A water
molecule consists of one oxygen atom and two hydrogen atoms. In a water ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The unequal sharing of the oxygen and hydrogen atoms is called polar. A polar molecule is a
molecule made up of two different atoms which have asymmetrical distribution around the
molecule, this implies that the molecule has a slightly negative and positive charge at each ends of
the molecule. The end which is more electronegative has a slightly negative charge (δ–) and the side
with the less electronegativity has a slight positive charge (δ+). Polar molecules tend to have a
greater electronegative difference of 0.5 and less than 1.6. In order for a molecule to obtain polarity,
the two molecule has to have a net pole and dipole moment, where a separation of the charge of the
molecule go into a positive area or a negative area. The dipole moment can be visualised by drawing
an arrow from the positively charged side to the negatively charged side, in a polar molecule the
arrow points towards the same direction, whereas a nonpolar molecule has arrows pointing in
different directions. Molecules which possess both an asymmetrical electronegativity and geometry
is classified as a polar.
Water is a special type of covalent bond called a hydrogen bond, this bond is similar to dipole dipole
forces but has a greater intermolecular force. A hydrogen bond is the intermolecular force of
attraction between a

Fresh Water Scarcity In Africa Essay

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