Summary Of Life In The Arctic National Wildlife By Jimmy...

Summary Of Life In The Arctic National Wildlife By Jimmy...
The Arctic National Wildlife is a beautiful forest with various wildlives. Jimmy Carter describes his
time spent with his wife in the Arctic forest. He was amazed by the beauty of such place. As stated,
"During bright July days, we walked along ancient caribou trials." Jimmy gave his audience a sense
of imagery when he described the way the place is. The wildlife that Jimmy saw was extraordinary
to him as he examines more about the life in the Arctic National Wildlife. He experienced things that
he calls "once in a lifetime," with him saying this, he draws the audience and citizens towards his
view of the place. Choosing to explain what he visualized in his writing makes it difficult to destroy
the land. Jimmy stated, " that he was saddened
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Environmental Views of Arctic National Wildlife Reserve...
Executive Summary
The Arctic National Wildlife Reserve (ANWR) is a beautiful 19.6 million acre coastal plain, and is
located in the Northeastern part of Alaska. ANWR is home to numerous species of wildlife and one
of the largest untapped oil preserves in the United States. There is an immense debate between the
opposing environmentalists and the politicians who want to drill for oil on a section of ANWR,
which is only 1.8% of the refuge. Environmentalists who oppose drilling for oil in Alaska say the
wildlife and the native populations are threatened by drilling for oil in ANWR, even though most of
the natives are strongly in favor of drilling. ANWR could save the US from having to import $800
billion worth ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In 2004, the US imported an average of 58% of its oil and during certain months up to 64%. That
equates to over $150 billion in oil imports and over $170 billion including refined petroleum
products, which is approximately $19.9 million dollars an hour, according to ANWR supporters.
Current legislation calls for responsible development on no more than 2000 acres of the 1.5 million
acre coastal plain. That is 0.01% of ANWR's total acreage of 19.6 million. The remaining 99.9%
would remain off limits to development (anwr.com).
We will explore Utilitarian, Deontology, and Lockean environmental views and determine whether
or not wildlife and petroleum development and production can coexist.
The Utilitarian View of ANWR
The Utilitarian belief asks the question, what would be the best for the greatest amount of people?
Or in other words, what would be best for the majority? In our natural history, Utilitarianism has had
a huge impact on how the American society operates. All the decisions, as a nation, are decided by
the majority. The most popular example of this would be the voting for a new president to lead the
county.
Every four years, an election is held by certain to determine which political candidate will be the

Summary Of The Millennial Malcontent
Ric Knowles said, "funding structures, professional regulatory mechanisms, and stage management
have their most direct impact on conditions of production", and I agree. It is more difficult for the
University of Guelph's production The Millennial Malcontent to reach its maximum potential than it
is for The Incident of The Curious Dog in The Nighttime seen at the Princess of Wales theatre. The
latter, a big name Mirvish production we saw in Toronto, was extremely high–tech and explored
many topics and issues prevalent in society today. Comparatively, The Millennial Malcontent was
held back by its attempt to incorporate technology and malignant issues, and was thus lacking due to
funding, perspective, and space.
The space in which you encounter a production is vital to how it is heeded by individual members of
an audience. Knowles says theatres "are ideologically coded in ways that range from enforcing class
differences and interests through "the tyranny of architectonic grandeur"' (71), meaning the more
grand the building, the higher the audience within climbs on the social ladder. The Princess of Wales
Theatre has thousands of seats, gorgeous architecture, and a high level of grandiosity. High
expectations come with such an exceptional location and the spectators are ready to be contented.
Knowles says "all performances take place within specific architectural and geographic frames that
serve to shape their meanings" (66), if The Incident of The Curious Dog in The Nighttime

Arctic National Wildlife Refuge Case Study
This case study concerns possible oil drilling in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR) on the
north slope of Alaska's Brooks Range adjacent to the Gwich'in reservation. This could put the
Porcupine Caribou Herd at risk and possibly jeopardize the food source and traditional culture of the
Gwich'in people (Pg. 129). However, as fossil fuel sources begin to run out, Americans seem to feel
entitled to drill for oil anywhere there is a reserve, even when that means sacrificing the greater
good of a community or nature. One of the questions asked is if America deserves the oil at the risk
of the Gwich'in people, when we have such an excess of energy consumption and the failure of
North Americans to restrict this energy consumption? It is

DRILLING IN ANWR
Alaskan men have a long history of struggling to survive in the wilderness. Today, some, like the
Gwich 'in, a native Alaskan tribe, still choose to live off nature. Recently, though a new argument
has come to Alaska, one that could destroy the traditions of the Gwich'in forever. Politicians,
environmentalists, economists and neighbors now fight over the prospect of oil drilling in the Arctic
National Wildlife Refuge. Many of the arguments for drilling are worth consideration; however, in
comparison to the evidence against it, they are neither convincing nor compelling. In order to fully
understand why drilling in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge is such a big deal; we need to
understand the history of the refuge. ANWR was created ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Indeed, according to Rep. Cole (US Fed News Service)
Twenty first century technology has made it easier than ever to harvest the vast resources available
with minimal impact on the environment.
Environmentalists however, are still unconvinced. According to Bryant Urstadt of Technology
Review, the technology to make drilling less intrusive does, indeed, exist. But, he says, oil
companies are unlikely to use it. In the past, oil companies have abandoned cleaner drilling
methods, because they have become too expensive. In addition, environmentalists point to pictures
of other drilling sites, like that at Prudhoe Bay, which emits black smoke and darkens the face of
what was once pristine land. According to Urstadt, the previous Bush administration had a very bad
track record when it came to the environment. He says, "based on the administration 's record of
legislation and enforcement, however, it is unlikely that industry will be compelled to use [cleaner
technology]." (Urstad 77) Drilling supporters still argue that there are benefits to drilling that may
outweigh environmental harms. In addition to helping America gain energy independence, drilling
has economic benefits. For Alaskans, tax money is important. Other Americans worry that gas prices
are too high. According to Senator George Allen, these high prices come from a reliance on OPEC
(US Fed News Service

Caribou Analysis
In this chapter, I outline the biological characteristics of caribou and the nature of their use by the
Denesųłiné. I introduce biological data on their natural history, phylogeny, physical attributes,
behaviour and migration in the first section. These data build a foundation for understanding caribou
harvest. It summarizes biological characteristics of caribou that were exploited by harvesters. The
second section provides data on the cultural use of caribou. It charts harvest levels to identify the
degree of use. The third section presents a historical overview of the study area. Herein, it sketches
the historical context of Denesųłiné relative to Euro–Canadian encroachment onto the caribou range.
The historical section outlines how contact with Denesųłiné occurred in 1620 with the discovery of
a shipwreck at the mouth of the Churchill River. It includes data on how Denesųłiné joined the fur
trade. These data outline Denesųłiné interactions and involvement in the fur trade, mineral
exploration, the church and treaty. This includes ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
These are the Western Arctic, Porcupine, Bluenose, Bathurst, Beverly, Qamanirjuaq and George
River herds (Gunn, Russel and Eamer 2011:5; Kendrick 2003:166). Caribou herds can be defined as
an aggregate of caribou at "one time and in more or less one place" (Burch and Blehr 1991:440), or
as a breeding population. Biologists well understand caribou ecology (BQCMB 1999:1–35). The
range extends across the barrenlands and northern boreal forest (BQCMB 1999:1). Their extensive
migration routes are recorded (Parker 1972:24–53). Still with the available collected scientific
knowledge, caribou remain unpredictable. This uncertainty is partly due to seasonal variations in
weather, and due to perceived impacts to calving grounds (BQCMB 2004:5), and the impact of
forest fire management plans of caribou migration and population (BQCMB 1994a:2–4,

The Taiga Biome
The Taiga
By: Haley
This biome typically has short wet summers and long cold winters.In the winter the average air
temperature is warmer than it is for tundra which lies north of the taiga. The taiga climate has an
average annual rainfall of 12 – 33 inches . Most of it falls in the summer as rain.
The corresponding biome would be the Taiga biome.In the winter the average air temperature is
warmer than it is for tundra which lies north of the taiga. The taiga climate has an average annual
rainfall of 12 – 33 inches (30 – 84 cm). Most of it falls in the summer as rain. The corresponding
biome would be the Taiga biome.
Mammals living in the taiga include foxes, lynxes,bears, minks, squirrels, while larger ones include
grey wolves,caribou, deer, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
I will first list trees there are pines,oak,maple,elm trees, evergreen spruce, fir,and the deciduous
larch. Second I will list plants Blue Bead lily,Goldthread,and Pearly Everlasting.
There are many different food chains in the taiga biome. Berries are eaten by the porcupine then the
energy from the berries travels through the porcupine and is absorbed. Next the porcupine is eaten
by the ermine then energy from the berries traveled through the porcupine and then into the ermine
and is absorbed by the ermine. Then the ermine is eaten by the Great Horned Owl when the energy
is absorbed by the owl, it has lost a lot of the power it originally had.
There are many different fun facts about the taiga but I will only list a few. The taiga biome is the
largest terrestrial biome and extends across Europe North America and Asia. It is located right below
the tundra biome. The taiga biome is also known as coniferous forest or boreal forest.
This biome is located in the northern part of the Northern Hemisphere and is in North America,
Asia, and Europe. It stretches across Alaska, Canada, Scandinavia, and Russia spreading through the
Northern

Summary Of Speech By Jimmy Carter: The Arctic National...
The Arctic National Wildlife Refuge is located in Alaska. This speech is by Jimmy Carter; adopted
by Subhankar Banerjee. Jimmy Carter effectively persuades his audience to protect the Arctic
National Wildlife Refuge from industrial development. Carter Convinces them through use of
descriptive language, evidence, and emotional appeal.
Carter persuades by using descriptive language to paint a picture. Carter and his wife witness a
caribou herd migrating. "The sweep of the tundra before us became flooded with life, with the
sounds of grunting animals and clicking hooves filling the air." This quote paints a beautiful picture
making the viewers want to save the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge. It allows the viewers to
picture the

Oil Drilling Endangers Arctic National Wildlife Riches
Oil Drilling Endangers Arctic National Wildlife Riches Can you imagine the grocery stores and
restaurants in your neighborhood disappearing bit by bit? The oil drilling in North Slope Borough,
Alaska, has affected 95,000–square miles of wildlife's habitat. The development of oil industry takes
away what is essential to the lives of the Gwich'in: the Caribou. Gwich'in villages rely on caribou to
supply their food and clothes. As the oil industry develops in a close proximity to the Gwich'in
village, caribou do not go near the area anymore. The villagers can hardly find any caribou now. In
her book Silent Spring, Rachel Carson questions how powerful agents, like the oil industry, can have
such a devastating impact on others: "[t]he decision is that of the authoritarian temporarily entrusted
with power; he has made it during a moment of inattention by millions to whom beauty and the
ordered world of nature still have a meaning that is deep and imperative" (Carson, 376). We human
beings carry the responsibility of ensuring harmony amongst the living organisms inhabiting all of
this planet. We need to ensure that our ecosystem is protected. In order to prevent further damage to
habitats and extinction of species, we should stop developing oil drill in Arctic National Wildlife
Refuge (ANWR) in Alaska.
We know that the oil in Alaska is valuable. Yet, their development and drilling only benefit a small
group of people in society. In A First American Views His Land, N. Scott

The Arctic National Wildlife Refuge
The Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR) has been the center of a strident controversy and
national debate that has raged for over 40 years. The question raising so much contention is whether
the federal government should allow drilling for oil and natural gas with the levels of contention
paralleling the rise and fall of gas prices. The National Democratic and Republican Parties have
taken opposing positions in their national political platforms, with the debate emerging and re–
emerging in Congress as a significant issue. The Republican are proponents of drilling whereas the
Democrats are opposed. With Sen. Lisa Murkowski ascending to the top post of the Energy and
Natural Resources Committee many observers believe that the Republicans will renew their push for
drilling in the ANWR in the upcoming 114th Congress. This paper will explore the different
arguments that are used to oppose drilling to protect the ANWR followed by arguments that are in
support of drilling. As a result of a preliminary review of current literature outlining the pros and
cons surrounding drilling, it is the thesis of this paper that drilling in the ANWR is unnecessary
based on (1) the potential to cause irreversible damage to a very unique ecosystem that has not been
adequately studied by scientists; and (2) the limited impact that drilling in the region will have on
overall market prices and supplies due to the estimated small size of the ANWR's oil and gas
reserves. A brief history of the

This Tundra Region
This tundra region spans an area of 26 million hectares. Around 24.2% of the land is covered by
slow–growing forest. The remaining area is dominated by bogs, fens, and thousands of small lakes
and ponds. Two–thirds of the area in this region is covered by muskeg, a type of acidic soil.
There are a variety of organisms that inhabit this region. The most common tree species, all
deciduous, are the white birch, dwarf birch, and willow. Animal species include, but are not limited
to, the woodland caribou, polar bear, arctic fox, arctic hare, Canadian geese, snow geese, willow
ptarmigan, and several species of duck.
This region spans an area of 50 million hectares, amounting to two–thirds of Ontario's forests.
This region is "heavily influenced by natural disturbances". Species here have adapted to large
wildfires; some, including the jack pine and black spruce, require these fires to reproduce. Heat is
needed to release their seeds, and seed germination only occurs in favourable conditions produced
by the fires. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Present are hundreds of species of ferns, mosses, shrubs, and fungi. The most common tree species
are the black and white spruce, jack pine, balsam fir, tamarack, eastern white cedar, poplar, and
white birch. Animal species include, but are not limited to, predators, such as the black bear, wolf,
and lynx; ungulates (hooved animals), such as the moose and caribou; birds, ranging from the great
owl to the winter wren; and small mammals, including the pine marten, hare, red fox, and

Jimmy Carter Rhetorical Analysis Essay
Jimmy Carter is a well known Democratic president who served between 1977 to 1981 who strongly
opposed opening the Arctic Wildlife Refuge to oil drilling. His writing on the preservation of the
refuge came after his term as president while new proposals were being put forward for drilling.
Carter's argument is very effective at encouraging the National Arctic Wildlife Refuge to be
protected. Carter effectively uses logos, ethos, and pathos to construct a strong argument for the
refuge to be preserved.
Firstly, Carter uses Logos to create an argument for conservation. Logos is the use of logic and
reasoning to persuade audiences. The first way Carter does this is by using data and statistics to back
his arguments. Carter states, "At, best the Arctic wildlife refuge might provide 1 to 2 percent of the
oil our country consumes each day" (Carter 7). Carter uses data to show the minimal impact the
drilling ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
By using Pathos, Carter makes a strong emotional argument for the preservation of the wildlife
refuge. Carter first uses fear of loss to motivate his audience. Carter even says, "I was saddened to
think of the tragedy that might occur if this great wilderness was consumed by a web of roads and
pipelines... " (Carter 4). Carter uses imagery and speaks of the tragedy of a world where the wildlife
refuge was lost. However, Carter also makes an emotional argument for the promise of gain.
Throughout the article Carter refers to the refuge in many ways such as a "special birthplace"
(Carter 3), "America's Serengeti" (Carter 3), and "America's last truly great wilderness" (Carter 1).
Jimmy Carter explains, "It would be a grand triumph for America if we can preserve the Arctic
National Wildlife Refuge... To leave this extraordinary land alone would be the greatest gift we can
pass on to future generations." Carter clearly aims to instill a sense that much will be gained
emotionally by keeping the refuge

Trauma Case Study Essay
When looking at the necessity of actions in this case we deduct the following; The incident is in its
fifth day with little to no change in status. Dykes continues to be demanding and disinterested in
offering any concessions and continuing his initial demands. Dykes is now giving deadlines for
which he intends to escalate with violence. We feel the justification for preparation of a plan to
assault due to this lack of change is necessary. When reviewing the final phone conversation with
Dykes it is evident that his level of agitation is significantly increasing, he is extremely irritated due
to his perception of stalling on our side. He is angry with those whom he feels are calling the shots
and is speaking as if he will ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In this case, the planning and preparation allowed for additional actions by the team to protect Ethan
by ensuring he was in a place outside of the direct assault. We look to the onset of this event
including the murder of a man whom had not given Dykes what he requested. We feel this behavior
would have lead to similar harm to Ethan and law enforcement. These actions needed to occur when
they did as Dykes behavior would have continued to escalate. Ethan's health is a concern. Should
Dykes' increased agitation change the ability to provide Ethan medication this could be jeopardized.
Dykes is angered by what he sees as a lack of action to meet his demands. As time continues on, this
will not improve. With these failing negotiations we feel there is no less risky alternatives available.
The factor that changes this is the fact that there is one point of entry into this venue. Negotiations
were ineffective and did very little to change anything. Losing negotiations could drastically
diminish the ability to plan for and execute an assault due tot he challenges of this venue. Using the
daughter as a TPI and offering this concession prior to an attempted assault would take away any
other options for requiring the hatch to be opened. Without knowing how long life could be
sustained with available supplies limits our ability to plan for

The Argument Against Drilling In Alaska’s Arctic National...
Alaska's Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR), the crowned jewel of the nation's 544 refuges is
in danger of destruction (Lamar and Markey 12). ANWR has been in existence since 1960 and has
slowly become one of the most controversial topics to hit Congress. ANWR is composed of 19
million acres on the northeast coast of Alaska. Although the government has been provided with this
immense land they are fighting to gain more land. Why? ANWR is the second biggest oil field that
is owned by the U.S. Now the government wants more land to construct oil reserves. The refuge is
home to many endangered species such as migratory birds, polar bears, and wolves (Lynne and
Roberts 1). Most of ANWR's designated oil area is owned by indigenous Alaskan ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Calf survival rates have been extremely low in areas or mountain range and without their discrete
areas caribous are threaten more by predators (Whitten 2004). The reserves will also constrain
caribou from moving about because of all the traffic that would be created and the pipe crossings.
That's no way a precious creature should live. That's why Alaskan natives oppose drilling.
Another reason against drilling much research has shown that all the oil that will be produced will
only last for about six months. The fact that the British Petroleum has greater potential to produce
more oil and natural gasses (Markey 2004) than ANWR so why bother with it , supporting the case
that drilling is pointless. Then there is the percentage that after oil production of ANWR, the foreign
oil dependency will only drop from 56% to 50% (Markey 2004).Then the oil produced would reach
the market ten years later after it was produced, leaving the gas price decrease to one percent(Lamar
and Markey 12). There was also the reality of natural gases. ANWR does not confirm any sign of
them, when President Bush ordered exploration for natural gasses (Klyza and Ford–Martin 1).Again
proving drilling pointless.
In addition to concern about changes, was if drilling were to happen the negatives it would create to
the tundra. Drilling on any form of earth is harmful in general. But because of how beloved the
terrain is to the native, it only creates more conflicts.

Biomes In The Tundra
Biomes are a large community of flora and fauna occupying a major habitat. There are nine major
biomes in the world which include; tundra, taiga, temperate forest, tropical forest, desert, savanna,
chaparral, freshwater, and marine/salt water. "All of the biomes need to be protected over the past
several years, human activity has destroyed, exploited, or polluted many of the biomes." They are
spilt in three regions, temperate, tropical, and polar. And have two broad habitat types, terrestrial and
aquatic.
The tundra is a frosty biome, which makes it difficult for plants and animals similar to survive. This
biome is classified as terrestrial (living mainly on land, such as continental land masses or islands).
The Tundra is positioned throughout ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The difference is that the temperate forest is located in Canada, in the eastern part of the United
States, Europe, and some in Japan and China. Terrestrial biome is distinguished by common to
enormous seasonal changes in temperature; rainfall, however, is usually more evenly dispersed.
Leaves of deciduous trees drop during autumn and winter. This biome receives 30 to 60 inches of
rain each year. Temperate deciduous forests have a substantial range of plant species. There are three
levels of plants. Lichen, and other small plants can be found on the forest floor. Shrubs fill in the
middle level and hardwood trees like maple, oak, and beech make up the third level. The taiga and
the temperate deciduous forest overlap. There is a large diversity of animals in this biome. Insects,
spiders, turtles and salamanders are common. Birds like broad–winged hawks, cardinals, and
pileated woodpeckers are found in this biome. Mammals include white–tailed deer, raccoons,
porcupines and red

Oil Drilling in the Artic National Wildlife Refuge Essay
Oil Drilling in the Artic National Wildlife Refuge
The main issue presented in my research involves the debate between environmentalists and the
United States government on whether to open and develop a portion of the Artic National Wildlife
Refuge (ANWR) in the northern coastal plain of Alaska for the purpose of drilling for oil.
Environmentalists argue that opening up this region of ANWR to future oil drilling would destroy
the current ecosystems, disrupt animal habitats and adversely change the lives of the people in these
local communities. Proponents of oil drilling in this region argue that all the issues presented by the
environmentalist groups are not valid and they have no scientific facts to support their argument. ...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
These areas of concern to environmentalist include: (1) The protection of the Porcupine caribou
herd, polar bears, musk oxen, grizzly bears and many other forms of diverse wildlife that could be
adversely affected by the oil exploration. (2) Preservation of the land itself and the local
communities culture that has supported a thousand generations of native Alaskans. (3) That there is
only enough oil in this region to supply America's needs for six months. The environmentalist and
the proponents for oil drilling continue to pursue their arguments, each one deciding that their
argument is more popular to the American people. INTRODUCTION
The history of the Artic National Wildlife Refuge can be traced back to 1960. On December 6th, the
Eisenhower administration signed Public Land order No. 2214 which established the 8.9 million
acre Artic National Wildlife range. In 1980, Congress passed and Jimmy Carter signed the landmark
Alaska National Interest Lands Conservative Act (ANILCA) that increased the protected area to
19.8 million acres, renamed the area to Artic National Wildlife Refuge, and established the original
8.6 million acres as wilderness. However, in the process of getting this act passed, the oil industry
lobby succeeded in having the Senate refuge to designate the Coastal Plain as Wilderness. Section
1002 of the ANILCA legislation informed the

Predator-Prey Interaction
Abstract Predators are animals that kill for their food; they must do this in order to survive. There
has been controversy about predation in some areas including the re–introduction of wolves into the
Yellowstone National park area and other areas. Predator–prey relationships are both beneficial and
detrimental to some species. The weakest and unhealthiest become dinner for those predators and
also become a positive thing for the species that only the strongest of the herd will survive and
continue to reproduce. Some types of prey have defense mechanisms which fight off predators.
Survival of the fittest is the best explained phrase for this type of ecological interaction.
Introduction Predator–prey relationships are ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Predation and prey interactions keep the circle of life going.
Benefits of Predation When a predator makes a kill, it feeds not only them, but other species as well.
For example, if there is an elk kill, this will feed other predators like bear, mountain lion, coyotes,
eagles and others. Smaller rodents and other scavengers, like ravens will also benefit from a kill. We
are predators ourselves we have to kill to eat, just most of us don't do it ourselves, if we are meat–
eaters. What we don't eat can go to the dogs and feed them. Bacteria and other parasites can also
join in on the fun. Other things we don't eat, can go to compost, so there are many ways in which
predation benefits the food chain. It definitely feeds various links on the food web. Predation is also
used to control populations of certain problematic species, such as snails, which pass certain types
of diseases to other species including humans, as explained by Molles. They have used crayfish in
some places such as Kenya and other East African countries to control a problematic snail
population. (Molles, 343) This happens here at times also, with introducing species that will
eradicate problem species or invasive species that are taking over watersheds and other ecosystems.
Predator Body Systems Predators can be birds of prey or carnivores or anything that must kill for
their food. Predation is the interaction between the predator and the prey itself. All

Alaska Oil Drilling
TOPIC: 1. Find an example (not in the course readings) where the interests of humans and the
environment are in conflict (recall the Monarch butterfly reserves in Mexico). What would your
judgment be in resolving this conflict? Explain your decision.Are there possibilities for negotiation
or compromise?
Word count: 1056 words
In the era of capitalism and fierce corporate rivalries, the agenda for any major corporation is likely
to prioritize profits over social problems such as environmental degradation. An example that sheds
light on the conflict between human interests and environmental responsibility is the controversial
approval of the oil drilling in the Northern Slope region of Alaska and the drilling that has already ...
Fish and Wildlife). The refuge land is used by Polar bears, 180 species of birds, including a vast
number of migrating animals (i.e. Porcupine Caribou), the entire refuge is critical for the wildlife in
the area (Burley). The effects on the natural ecosystem, wildlife and terrain, threaten the existence of
the animals by cutting off the herds from calving areas. In respect to the new jobs that would be
created by the drilling project they would only be created on a short–term basis, solely dependent on
the oil reserve. Clearly the estimates are poorly collected ranging originally from the mid 700,000's,
now to 60,000 (Burley). Aside from the numbers, is there enough benefit to support the
exploration/destruction of the ANWR? "Conservationists argue, that there would be absolutely no
effect on oil prices if the drilling were allowed, it would still take 10 years for the oil collected to hit
the market and almost 20 years for it to actually hit peak production" (Burley). Why not invest the
money that would be put towards the destruction of one of the last pristine areas in the U.S. into the
development of environmentally sustainable energy sources, instead of supporting

Arctic National Wildlife Refuge : Drilling For Oil Essay
Arctic National Wildlife Refuge Drilling for oil in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, commonly
referred to as ANWR has been the source of media and political controversy for the last twenty
years and has only increased in recent years. President Eisenhower reserved this land in 1960 to
preserve and protect the native and diverse plants and wildlife. When oil was discovered in the
Prudhoe Bay a determined group consisting of large oil corporations, politicians and locals insisted
that exploration in the wildlife refuge would lessen the United States dependence to foreign oil,
there would be numerous economic benefits and could be achieved with an inconsequential effect
on the environment. Opponents of drilling reject this argument citing grave environmental concerns.
These adversaries that include many environmental groups argue that the various economic benefits
associated with drilling in ANWR are not significant enough to warrant the destruction of one of the
last remaining pristine wildernesses. The costs associated with drilling evident in oil spills, changes
in habitat and the possible extinction of Polar bears and wolves demonstrate that the benefits of
drilling for oil does not outweigh the negative consequences. In 2015, President Barack Obama
pushed policy to ban oil exploration by designating more than 22 million acres in Alaska of which
12 million are part of the ANWR (Bourne). Background Alaska became an official state of the
United States in 1960.

Biological And Environmental Influence Of Biomes On Earth
Biomes is an area on earth that can be classified according to plants and animals that live there.
Each biome consists of many ecosystems whose communities have adapted to the small differences
in climate and the environment inside the biome. There are many different types of biomes on
earth's surface. The divisions are based on climate patterns, soil types, animals, and plants that
inhabit the area. There are five basic types of biomes which includes; desert, aquatic, grasslands,
forest, and tundra. The tundra is a biome typified by permafrost, permanently frozen ground, that is
found in polar regions and isolated patches at the tops of mountains. The tundra is located all over
the world. Places such as Alaska, Northern Canada, edges of ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Continents such as South America, South Africa, and the Western tip of Australia. The animals are
all mainly grassland and desert types adapted to hot, dry weather. Animals that are in the biome are
coyotes, jack rabbits, mule deer, alligator lizards, and horned lizards. The climate is 30–40 °F.
Dependent on latitude, yearly range can be between –20°C to

America Does NOT Need to Drill in the Arctic National...
America Does NOT Need to Drill in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge
Thesis: If the United States is going to choose to conserve energy responsibly, then our
government's energies should not be focused on developing oil in the ANWR, but rather on the
topics of conservation through higher fuel efficiency standards in vehicles and by developing
alternative energy sources. Conservation, fuel efficiency and alternative energy sources are the
solutions that will lead us to a long term and sustainable energy future.
I. Introduction
The Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR) is located in the northeastern part of Alaska and has
been the topic of many recent political and environmental debates. Many of these ... Show more
In the 1940's and 1950's, Secretary of the Interior, Fred Seaton, designated 8.9 million acres of
coastal plain and mountains of northeast Alaska as a refuge.[iii] The remaining part of the 23 million
acres became multiple use land, which included uses such as oil and gas development and
exploration. In 1968 the largest oil field in North America was discovered in Prudhoe Bay also in
northern Alaska. Reserves of oil were also believed to exist in what is now known as Arctic National
Wildlife Refuge. In 1978–79 the House of Representatives passed legislation designating the refuge
as wilderness. The Senate however, required studies of wildlife and petroleum resources and
potential impacts of development on the wildlife.[iv] In 1980 President Carter signed Alaska
National Interest Lands Conservation Act into law (ANILCA). ANILCA doubled the size of the
refuge, making it roughly 20 million acres and named it the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge
(ANWR).[v]
The area currently being considered for drilling is also known as the '1002 Area.' These 1.5 million
acres were not designated as wilderness and were addressed in section 1002 of the ANILCA.
Section 1002 discussed the information that Congress would need to obtain before deeming the
1002 area as wilderness.[vi] Inventories of fish, wildlife, and the potential impacts

Biome Of Tiaga Essay
The boreal forest, also known as tiaga, is the world's largest land–based biome. This biome plays a
great role in biodiversity and climate. It stretches across North America and Eurasia, taking up 11%
of the earths land, and has no corresponding southern latitudes (Berg, 2012). The temperature in the
tiaga is cold, but not as severe as in the tundra. Average annual temperatures in this biome range
from +5 to –5 degrees Celsius (41 – 23 degrees Fahrenheit) (w3.marietta.edu). Rainfall in the forest
is minimal, with only 20 inches per year on average (Berg, 2012). The winter season is said to be
cold and long, with the summers being short and cool. Because of the moist ground and the long
summer days, there tends to be explosive growth ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Some of the large, main carnivores of the forest include the Siberian Tiger, lynx and bobcat. Some
of the smaller herbivores in the forest include the arboreal porcupine and the terrestrial show shoe
hare (w3.marietta.edu). Bird inhabit the forest in the summer; 1 in 3 birds in the United States and
Canada spend their breeding seasons in the boreal forest (Berg, 2012). In order to survive in the
winter, some animals burrow beneath the snow and forage for their food in tunnels in the forest
floor. Others hibernate throughout that cold season. Insects are more prevalent during the summer
months when plant growth is at its peak, but it dies down during the winter (w3.marietta.edu).
Boreal Forests are the worlds primary source for industrial wood products, wood fiber and extensive
logging. Lumber, plywood for paper and animal furs are also taken from these forests. Mining and
drilling for gas and oil often takes place in the tiaga. It is the biggest threat to the forest. It is
estimated that the largest amounts of petroleum products lie beneath the boreal forests of Canada,
Russia and Alaska (w3.marietta.edu). The high demand for fossil fuels, especially in the wake of
crisis in the Middle East, has put focus on these areas for domestic

Rhetorical Analysis: The Arctic Wildlife Refuge
Former president,Jimmy Carter expresses his opinion about the Arctic Wildlife Refuge and how it
should be conserved . With his use of ethos, pathos, and lagos; tone of speech, and choice of diction,
he attempts to persuade his audience to not only notice the importance of the Arctic Refuge,but to
actually preserve it for the enjoyment of future generations.
Jimmy Carter uses ethos in his speech to show his audience what is ethical and right.Carter brings
attention to the local indigenous people that will greatly suffer if their environment becomes tainted
with oil rigs and other industrial machinery saying:"indigenous people whose culture has depended
on the Porcupine caribou herd for thousands of years.I can emphasize with the Gwich'ins'

Drilling in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge Essay
"Too often in politics, there are fallacious either/or arguments put up as a justification or an excuse
for an action or view which is skewed in such a way as to suggest that there is only one acceptable
choice." Peter Garrett. The United States, and much of the world is dependent on oil, a dying
resource. Oil supplies are limited and fossil fuels are becoming increasingly hard to extract. The
debate over drilling in environmentally important areas is a heated one. Each side of has their own
opinions and proof that their argument is without a doubt, the only way. These preinstalled views are
nearly impossible to sway, and rightfully so, everyone is initialed to their own opinion. But this
paper will attempt to shed a little more light on ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Such a broad spectrum of diverse habitats occurring within a single protected unit is unparalleled in
North America, and perhaps in the entire circumpolar north." (Arctic Refuge: Oil and Gas Issues).
The refuge is a delicate treasure there are few like it in the world and its existence is threatened. The
ecological makeup is one of a kind. The refuge contains five different ecological regions, which are
home to 45 species of land and marine mammal ranging in size form a pygmy shrew to a bowhead
whale. The refuge is also well known for polar, grizzly and black bear, wolf, wolverine, dall sheep,
moose, muskox, and caribou. It is also home to 36 species of fish and 180 bird species (U.S. Fish
and Wildlife Service). Perhaps the largest biological issue with drilling in area 1002 is the Porcupine
caribou Herd. Drilling supporters argue that caribou are affected by the drilling operation. Examples
of this are made at the Prunhoe Bay drill site where caribou actually use gravel pads and roads to
avoid insect attacks and are unaffected by human presence. But much of this information is miss–
interpreted. Adult caribou are unaffected by drilling operations. But, cows and their calves are more
sensitive during the first few weeks of calving (Caribou migration). They avoid human disturbance
during this time, so drilling becomes an issue. Cows calf in area 1002 because they need the

Deciduous Forest Research Paper
Car horns are honking. Traffics jammed up for a mile. People race past you, shrieking "I'm late! I'm
late!" The general population doesn't seem to even count as a life form! They're too caught up in
being late for their next meeting, and fixing up their makeup. I think it's safe to say, the only other
"living life form" anyplace close to you is the withering tulip on your doorstep. You're in London.
You're in the deciduous forest. In fact, most people live in the deciduous forest biome! Chances are
you're in one right now... What is a deciduous forest? What's a deciduous forest like? What's it's
climate? What is a deciduous forest? The temperate deciduous forest changes with every season,
Winter, Spring, Summer, and Fall. Making for a frosty winter, and a burning hot summer, Humidity
from 60 to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Birch tree is in the family of Betulaceae; some Betulaceae members are Alders, Hazels, and
Hornbeam trees. The birch tree, likewise, shares fundamentally the same qualities to the Fagaceae; a
group of beech–oak trees. As for adaptations, the birch tree has adapted over time to live in the
coldest most northern atmospheres there are. The birch tree also was the first tree ever to colonize
open land after glaciers melt! Unlike our friend moss, The birch tree is a large source of
nourishment for some deciduous woods inhabitants, for instance: carolina chickadees and wild
turkeys feast upon the seeds of stream birch trees; beavers additionally bite on bark; birch tree sap is
a part of the ruby–throated hummingbird, squirrels, and yellow–bellied sapsucker's eating regimen.
Seedlings of river birch trees are customary dinners for wild rabbits. In conclusion, Bronze birch
borers, a noteworthy irritation of the birch tree, feed off its insides, in some cases even killing the
tree,

Aztec And Inuit Comparison Chart
Arctic (Inuit):
Where: They live in the northern areas of North America where it is very cold such as Alaska (the
Alaskan coast), and Canada. This cold climate influences their whole way of living.
Obtain Food: Due to the harsh weather they were not able to farm or grow any crops. They mostly
lived off of meat from hunting animals such as seals walruses, and whales. They also ate fish and
wild berries. To keep their energy up in the long winters they would eat foods with lots of fat in it.
When hunting whales the Inuit would prepare by bringing on lots of men in order to capture it. They
would attach makeshift balloons to the harpoon so the whale couldn't get away from them after it
was hit with a harpoon. Since a whale is a mammal it needs ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Had special dances and prayers for a good harvest.
Plains (Pawnee):
Where: Central America in the plains that stretch from the Mississippi River to the Rocky
Mountains and from Texas into Canada. Settled near rivers and built earth lodges (a home that
Plains Indians made using bark, earth, and grass). These lodges protected people from cold and
stormy weather. Extended across Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, and
South Dakota.
Obtain Food: They grew crops of corn, beans, pumpkins, and squash. The rainfall made the land
very potent for growing crops and keeping up with a farm. During the winter they hunted buffalo,
although they are mainly agricultural. Animals in the area included Bison, deer, elk, bear, porcupine,
antelope, prairie dogs, eagles, and wolves.
Clothing: The clothes that men wore consisted of breechcloths, buckskin tunics, and leggings. Warm
buffalo fur cloaks and blankets were also worn to protect them against the rain and cold. They also
wore soft soled moccasins to cover their feet.
Shelter: Pawnee Indians lived in Teepees, which is a cone–shaped tent covered in buffalo skins.
They were easy to set up and take down. They also use travois poles to set up

The Debate Over the Idea of Drilling for Oil in the Arctic...
The Debate Over the Idea of Drilling for Oil in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge
Throughout American history, there have been a number of conflicts and disagreements among the
populace over various issues. These conflicts of interest help to define political parties and allow
people to distinguish themselves through party allegiance.
One such item that is currently being debated is over the idea of drilling for oil in the Arctic
National Wildlife Refuge. For years, environmentalist groups and oil industry supporters have been
sparring over this stretch of land. And both sides have formed some pretty compelling arguments for
their beliefs. As of February 1, 2000, the United States has imported roughly 10.5 million of ...
Geological Survey, they believe there is a 5 percent chance of locating and collecting a probable 16
billion barrels of oil from the Alaskan wilderness. Of that 16 billion, there is an estimated 95 percent
chance of locating and collecting at least about 5.7 billion barrels of oil. If the oil–producing process
went unhindered, many ANWR drilling supporters believe that the new project would single
handedly be able to supply the nation's oil for a full three years and create upwards of 750,000 new
jobs. These beliefs are being stringently refuted by environmentalist groups, however. Ever since the
August 2nd vote in the House, which approved of the ANWR project on President Bush's Energy
Bill, environmentalism activists have been in an uproar.
As CorpWatch puts it: "As we hurtle into the twenty–first century, oil is still King. But it does not
rule benevolently. Rather, the reign of those who control the politics of petroleum continues to
undermine democracy while generating human rights violations and environmental disasters across
the Earth." And with that, many associated with the
Democratic left, have been contesting the Teamsters' stated facts.
In a New York Times article from September 2nd, the League of Conservation
Voters had shown that the alleged 750,000 new jobs that would be created by the ANWR project,
were over exaggerated by far. A study done earlier by Dean Baker, co–director of the Center of
Economic and Policy

Essay on The Mi’kmaq Way of Life
The Mi'kmaq Way of Life Mi'kmaq was the spelling of a tribe of Indians that had first contact with
European explorers in the sixteenth and seventeenth century. Through the years, the name has been
changed to what we know today as Mic Mac. The word Mi'kmaq derives from the word nikmak,
which means "my kin–friends" or allies. The rich and descriptive Mi'kmaq language was a member
of the Algonkin family. Although every Mi'kmaq can understand each other, the dialect varies
between bands. For example, the Mi'kmaq spoken in Quebec differs from that in Nova Scotia. The
Mi'kmaq tribe settled in southwestern New Foundland in 1630. They were the "first nation people"
(Nova Scotia 1) of Nova Scotia and later also settled in New England. They are ... Show more
A net, called an abi, was made with intertwined tree branches. The bait that they used for fishing
was called wa'adegon. Fishhooks were made out of copper or a hook shaped bone that was
sharpened at both ends. For larger fish, a leister was used. This tool was a three–pronged spear.
There was a center point and two points that came out on each side of the middle point. Lobsters and
shellfish were dug out of the seabed with sticks and roasted on coals, (Nova Scotia 2–3; Wallis and
Wallis 27–28; Davis 27).
Hunting meat changed when the seasons did. During the summer, animals such as moose, caribou,
deer, beaver, and porcupine were stalked on foot. Porpoise, walrus, and seal were hunted in the
water by canoe in the water. In the winter, they would break. A beavers dam and crack the ice in 40–
50 different places. The beavers would then have to come out of the broken holes in the ice. Moose
were the Mi'kmaq's most productive food and were hunted from February to mid March. Meat and
fish would then be dried and smoked to preserve them. Berries, roots and edible plants were also a
source of food for the Mi'kmaq, (Nova Scotia 3; Davis 27).
The gear used for hunting was mostly man made. Some of items used for hunting were animal bone,
teeth, claws, hair, quills, shells, clay, stone, wood, roots and bark. Grinding stone to a sharp edge and
a smooth surface made axes. Bows were made of fir, spruce or rock maple. Spears, knives and

Leadership Styles With The West Point Band
The First Captain In September 2014 the plebe class had a brief on leadership styles with the West
Point Band. At the end of this brief they wanted someone to come up and direct the band. I got
chosen because they put up a picture of me from BEAST on the projector and asked that I please
come to the podium. When I went up there, they asked me to conduct the band in playing the Happy
Birthday song. Coincidentally or not it was the First CPT's birthday that day. When I ended the song
the real conductor asked me why I left off the last note. I didn't even realize that I had left off the last
note but in that moment I decided to say something to the effect of the corps doesn't like the first
CPT so I just left off the last note of his birthday song. Everyone laughed at the time, but the minute
I got off the stage I was speechless. I couldn't believe I had just said that – to the entire plebe class
nonetheless. After the brief a lot of people were yakking about what I said but I wasn't looking at yik
yak. I decided right away that I was going to go apologize to the First Captain during his office
hours. That day when I was walking through Air Force tunnel I walked by the Class President. He's
a prior E–5 and a prepster so I knew of him but we had never met. He asked if I had a minute to talk
and so we went to my room. He asked me why I looked so stressed out. I said that I was an awful
plebe and felt really bad about what I did. He asked me why I felt bad about

Should the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge be opened to...
Drilling oil in Alaska's Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR) is a serious issue for
environmentalists and for the future of the United States. Should the Arctic National Wildlife
Refuge be opened to oil drilling? This paper will debate whether or not we should allow Arctic
National Wildlife Refuge to be opened to oil drilling. This will also show the impact it has on the
environment, and I will show a critical analysis of the current issue of whether or not to drill.
History
Arctic National Wildlife Refuge is located in the Northeastern part of Alaska and is the largest
wildlife in the country. The ANWR covers more than 19 million acres of forests, mountains,
wetlands, tundra, and rivers, and it is the habitat to distinctive and ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Lee, Professor of Economics. In his argument claims, "that the Economic of Arctic National
Wildlife Refuge oil is so great that even environmentalist should agree to drilling, and they would
probably stand to benefit." There would be many benefits as compared to the cost. He does not deny
the fact that there would be risks associated with the drilling. In spite of this, he feels that they do
not begin to compare the benefits. Lee explains that the main reason that this has become such an
intense issue is because of high prices of oil and gasoline. Lee goes on to explain that technology
has having fewer risks involved with the drilling. This is why it is an important issue. Drilling would
help reduce the U.S. dependence on foreign sources. Richard Pombo, a Republican from California
argued that "there is no logical reason" to oppose ANWR drilling (Easton, 2009).
A major claim from the supporters view is that there would decrease United States dependence on
foreign oil. Although, it seems logical for the United States to drill on its own land to decrease
dependence on imported oil, but that would not be the case in ANWR. According to the U.S.
Geological Survey, there are 4–10 billion barrels of oil that can be recovered from the refuge's
coastal plain that is enough for another 4–10 months (Cunningham, 2009, p. 287). A poll from
February 2000, Alaskans support opening ANWR

Drilling for Oil in the Artic National Wildlife Refuge
The United States should not drill for oil in the Artic National Wildlife Refuge because it would
harm the environment, disrupt the animals, and destroy plants. The United States Congress created
the Artic National Wildlife Refuge in 1980 (To drill or not to drill?: 6). The Artic National Wildlife
Refuge is also known as ANWR (To drill or not to drill?: 6). The Artic National Wildlife Refuge is
19.6 million acres of wilderness (Scalzo, Jim Lo.: 37). Of the 19.6 million acres in the Artic
National Wildlife Refuge 17.5 million acres are permanently closed to development. The Arctic
National Wildlife Refuge is often called the "American Serengeti" (Defenders of Wildlife). The
Artic National Wildlife Refuge lies in the northeast corner of ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Pipelines and oil–drilling platforms will harm caribou, polar bears, and millions of migrating birds
(Come on in.: 38). Whenever some country drills for oil it is more likely than not for that country to
have an oil spill. Oil spills are deadly to animals, hard to clean up, and it takes the land thousands of
years to recover. The United States has already had one major oil spill off the coast of Alaska in
Prince William Sound. If another large oil spill occurred on the water it would have a substantial
effect on whales and other marine wildlife (Experts say Alaska Oil Drilling Hurts Wildlife: 43).
There are over 130 bird species that find breeding, nesting, or resting places on the coastal plain
(Defenders of Wildlife).
All of the oil will be pumped down the Trans–Alaskan Pipeline no matter what. Then it is loaded
onto tankers and shipped out of Prince William Sound, but the tankers that the oil is being shipped
in are at an enormous risk for having an oil spill. This is because most of the ships that pick up the
oil are not doubled hulled. The vast majority of oil shipped from Alaska is carried in aging tankers
with higher risk of leaking. Only 3 of 26 have double–hulls and those are more than 20 years old.
There are three main oil companies who carry oil out of Alaska; Phillip, BP, and Exxon. The first of
Phillip 's four new Millennium Class double–hulled tankers to be built was christened

Drilling for Oil, the Environment, and Ethics Essay
For more than a decade, debate over drilling for oil on the Coastal Plain of the Arctic National
Wildlife Refuge [ANWR] has continued unabated. The proposal to drill for oil in Arctic National
Wildlife Refuge is heavily urged by the oil companies and supported by most Alaskan government
officials, has drawn full scale opposition from powerful private environmental organizations
representing millions of members throughout the United States.
Congress established the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge in 1980, over the strenuous objections of
oil companies like Exxon and British Petroleum. As a compromise with the oil companies,
lawmakers designated the refuge's coastal plain as a "study area," leaving it in limbo until future ...
The essence of the conflict lies in two facts: One, the possibility that the Coastal Plain of the Arctic
Refuge contains one of the best remaining prospects for significant oil discovery in the United
States; the other, that the Refuge contains some of the last true remaining 'wilderness' in the country.
As of now the drilling issue is being battled out in the political system.
The basic argument of the oil industry is that less than 1 percent of the Refuge (12,700 acres on the
coastal plain) will be affected by oil drilling and production. Rising oil imports also presents a threat
to U.S. national security. And finally, new oil production in the Refuge will not only raise the U.S.
gross national product by many billions of dollars. It will also significantly increase employment
nationwide.
The counter argument of environmental organizations is that oil is a nonrenewable resource. Once
oil and gas is extracted from the land, it will be gone forever. And if the government's national
security objective is to limit reliance on foreign oil imports and create a sustainable long–range
energy policy, there are better ways of achieving it – such as improving the fuel efficiency of motor
vehicles. Holding relatively constant the production of automobiles, they state that a gradual change
in fuel economy standards from the present 27.5 miles per gallon to 40 mpg will reduce demand by
two million barrels a day by the year 2005 –

Traveling To Yukon Research Paper
If you travel to Yukon you will have a fantastic time guaranteed. Yukon is an amazing and fun place
to travel to for many different reasons. For example, they have many different kinds of food to
please all ages, you can visit when a festival is in place so you can celebrate, and there are many fun
outdoor activities to experience. Traveling to Yukon will be fun for the whole family. When you
travel to Yukon, it will be an experience to remember. To start off, Yukon has many different foods
to put your mouth around for all people. For example, if you like exotic foods you could have, Seal,
Moose, Sheep, Goat, Caribou, Porcupine, or a crazy Buffalo burger. If you would like to dial it back
a bit you could have different types of fish and seafood like Trout, Salmon, and Crab. If you don't
have interest in any of these foods, you could go and buy a nice, thick, juicy hamburger and fries. As
can be seen Yukon is an amazing place to travel because of the many different foods. ... Show more
Next, Yukon has a variety of festivals and events happening. Many during many different seasons so
you can come when it works for you. For instance, the Yukon Quest International Sled Dog Race.
This event takes place in the February when there is the most snow on the ground. Another event
taking place is called the Frostbite Music Festival. During this time singing and dancing takes place
for two days and three nights. There are many other festivals to see like the Yukon Sourdough
Rendezvous Festival, Yukon International Storytelling Festival and many more. As you can see
Yukon is a wonderful and magical place to

Drilling For Oil : Good For The Economy
Eric Hatfield ENGL 2010 Prof. Johansen 11/8/15 Drilling for Oil in Alaska: Good for the Economy.
Bad for the Environment On average, each individual American consumes 1.89 gallons of oil a day.(
http://www.eia.gov/tools/faqs/faq.cfm?id=33&t=6) Oil has become such an integral part of our
modern society. In fact, Americans rank as the biggest oil consuming country.() This dependence on
oil has become such a powerful driving force for our economy, and the demand for more oil has
driven our domestic oil resources very thin. Americans have become more reliant on imported oil
than ever before. () However, there is a place in America that is considered a goldmine for oil and it
is a place that has been seemingly untouched for centuries. This area could potentially hold enough
oil to solve America's economic woes. This place is called the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge or
"ANWR." ANWR exists on the North Slope of Alaska and encompasses about 19 million acres. It is
an extremely remote place and contains only one town with a population of 300 people in the entire
refuge. ANWR has been at the forefront of environmental policy debate for over thirty years now.
There is a battle going on between those who seek to drill within the refuge for oil interests, and
those who seek to prohibit drilling due to environmental concerns. There doesn't seem to be much
middle ground between the two. This article will explain the advantages of drilling, the potential
risks that drilling has on the

Oil Drilling in the Alaskan Wildlife Refuges Essay
Oil Drilling in the Alaskan Wildlife Refuges
America Should Reject the Oil Businesses Plan and Permanently Protect The Arctic National
Wildlife Refuge
The Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, comprising more than nineteen million acres in the northern
corner of Alaska, is unique and one of the largest units of the National Wildlife system. The Arctic
Refuge has long been recognized as an unparalleled place of natural beauty and ecological
importance. The Arctic Refuge was established to conserve fish and wildlife populations and
habitats in their natural diversity, as well as provide the opportunity for local residents to continue
their subsistence way of life. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, which ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
It contains an expanse of tundra with many marshes and lagoons with rivers situated between
foothills of the Brooks Range and the wide, icy waters of the Beaufort Sea. Environmentalists said
that this area "is the most biologically productive part of the Arctic Refuge for wildlife and is the
center if wildlife activity." The importance of these resources is not measurable. The Arctic is home
to such animals as caribou, polar bears, grizzly bears, musk oxen, whales, wolves and snow geese.
This area is full of wildflowers and contains water of excellent, unpolluted quality and quantity. The
Arctic Ocean costal plain is an area critical to the survival of many birds and mammals ('Alaska
Wild').
With all the good the Arctic National Wildlife refuge has to offer as a safe haven for endangered
animals and plant life, comes the burden of sitting on an oil reserve. As noted earlier in 1980, under
President Carter, the protected area was doubled. However, the oil industry lobbies succeeded in
having the U.S. Senate refuse to designate the critically important Costal Plain as wilderness.
Instead, Section 1002 of the Alaskan National Interest Lands Conservation Act legislation directed
the Department of Interior

Oil Drilling in Alaska Wilderness
Oil Drilling in the Alaskan Wildlife Refuges
America Should Reject the Oil Businesses Plan and
Permanently Protect The Arctic National Wildlife Refuge
The Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, comprising more than nineteen million acres in the northern
corner of Alaska, is unique and one of the largest units of the National Wildlife system. The Arctic
Refuge has long been recognized as an unparalleled place of natural beauty and ecological
importance. The Arctic Refuge was established to conserve fish and wildlife populations and
habitats in their natural diversity, as well as provide the opportunity for local residents to continue
their subsistence way of life. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, which manages the Refuge, calls it
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
With the past presidential campaign, George W. Bush vowed to open area 1002 to drilling. Now he
is in office, along with Interior Secretary, Gail Norton, who shares his view. Legislation was
introduced in the House and Senate in early March 2001 to open the plain to drilling. Because of its
enormous potential and the vital need for domestic sources of oil and gas, the Department of Interior
recommends that the Congress enact
Legislation which would make this entire available for oil drilling. Ms. Norton has been given the
right to impose necessary and appropriate measures to protect refuge resource while efficiently
removing oil. Despite the remote location, it is the most attractive onshore petroleum exploration
target in the United States (‘Resource Assessment '). It appears that the President, his Interior
Secretary, and the Department of Interior have forgotten the first reason for creating this refuge. It
was done by humans, who valued nature, not to be opened to oil drilling and possible development.
The wildlife debate has focused mainly on the areas of importance to the Porcupine Caribou, and
other species such as polar bears, grizzly bears, wolves and migratory birds are also at a great risk.
The 107th Congress is considering approving energy development in Alaska. Shortages of gasoline,
natural gas and the resulting increased prices have opened this debate. The events of September 11,

Arctic National Wildlife Refuge Analysis
In Jimmy Carter's foreword Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, the former president addresses the
importance of protecting and preserving the beautiful arctic wildlife. Carter urges the American
people to take on this issue by: providing imagery of the Arctic to illustrate its beauty and diverse
wildlife for the audience to visualize, stressing the importance of the wildlife refuge's relationship to
the country's heritage, and pointing out its significance and impact to the country. With these topics,
Carter builds a strong argument that draws in the audience and convinces them. In the beginning of
the foreword, Carter elaborates on the Arctic's sheer vastness and beauty by incorporating a personal
point of view about "the brilliant mosaic of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Carter provides examples of the caribou depending on the Arctic as their home and how the
ecosystem that thrives there is precious wilderness . Carter also includes the "Gwich'in Athabascan
Indians of Alaska and Canada, indigenous people whose culture has depended on the Porcupine
caribou herd for thousands of years." to elaborate more on the importance of the Arctic, allowing the
reader to understand that the land has been there for thousands of years to sustain the natives and
should not be destroyed. In addition to the natives and the animals, Carter writes that normal people
who do not have direct ties to the Arctic are fighting to preserve it, specifically people from both
sides of the political spectrum to say that this is not just a partisan issue. This also allows the
audience to see how this issue is being treated as a problem by everyone. By establishing the
importance of the Arctic, Carter is also able to put out the need for drilling oil that would only
"provide 1 to 2 percent of the oil our country consumes each day". In addition to this, he also offers
a solution that can easily be put in place: driving more energy–efficient cars. This allows the
audience to realize that the opposition has a solution that can solve the oil problem without
destroying the

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