Architectures For Scalable Quantum Computation Essay

Architectures for Scalable Quantum Computation Essay
1. Introduction
A classical computer represents an implementation of a (sub–) Turing machine that is limited by the laws of classical physics. As such, certain
computational problems are either extremely difficult to solve or are intractable (w.r.t. resources). In order to tackle these problems, a super–Turing
computational model has been devised and named as the quantum computer [1]. Quantum computation is based on the laws of quantum mechanics and
can outperform classical computation in terms of complexity. The power comes from quantum parallelism that is achieved through quantum
superposition [2] and entanglement [3]. Computability is unchanged so intractable problems are still unsolvable, but the exponential increase in speed
means ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This requires use of large amounts of auxiliary qubits (aka. ancillae). Further fault–tolerance is achieved by applying the error correction codes
recursively (in levels) [9], exponentially increasing overhead and reducing fault probability. Due to these error correction schemes, a single logical qubit
is represented by multiple physical qubits. As an example, a single logical qubit at two levels of recursion is represented by 49 [10] or 81 [11] physical
qubits, depending on the error correction code used. Intuitively, the number of physical qubits required for interesting integer factorisation described in
[4] would be in the thousands. This is a problem because most investments into manufacturing technology went into silicon–based devices and
technology such as ion–traps [12,13] are not as well developed. Hence, initial proposals for quantum architectures such as the Quantum Logic Array
(QLA) [14] are space inefficient and somewhat impractical. This review attempts to give an outline of the current state of quantum computing
architectures based on the QLA and provide critical comments.
2. Review
The quantum logic array (QLA) [14], designed by Metodi et al., is one the first complete architectural designs of a trapped ion quantum computer
based on the quantum charge coupled device architecture in [13]. However, as it is the first attempt at
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Entanglement and Quantum Mechanics
Entanglement is one of the most fundamental and yet unintuitive concepts in quantum mechanics. Maximally entangled two–qubit states, often called
Bell states, where shown to violate classical (local) correlation properties [33, 34] and are an essential building block for quantum communication and
distributed quantum computation. Unfortunately, such entangled states are also difficult to generate and sustain as interaction with a noisy
environment typically leads to rapid loss of their unique quantum properties. In the context of QSC, such an entanglement has been generated exploring
various types of interactions such as direct qubit–qubit interaction [35, 36], coupling to a common cavity mode [37] or photon–mediated interactions
for qubits embedded in a waveguide [38].
In this context, remote entanglement of spatially separated quantum systems have important im– plications in addressing the scaling problem for
quantum information processing. Indeed, as a solution to this scaling issue, we propose here to follow a modular approach where the quantum
information is encoded, protected and locally manipulated in small units consisting of a few cavity modes or/and few qubits and the communication
between modules is ensured through quantum teleportation techniques. Sharing of a pair of entangled subsystems between two modules is central for
these teleportation pro– tocols. While the isolation of the modules simplifies the scaling by avoiding any undesired cross–talk between the

Physics : Quantum Computing And Computer Science
Quantum Computing and Its Relation to Computer Science
I have decided to write my paper on Quantum Computing. This is a difficult subject for me to
wrap my head around, however I feel it is a very important field to look into more closely.
Quantum Computing relates to the studies I have chosen, in the fact that it is actually a field that
could potentially change Computer Science as it is known today. This could affect me in
unforeseen ways, and I feel I need to know about it in order to prepare for my future. Without
further ado, let us explore the question, how is quantum computing going to affect the future of
Computer Science? What is Quantum Computing? Normal computers that are used today have many little
pieces on the transistor that interact with one another. Usually these pieces have either the
number one or zero, depending on the piece. They communicate between each other, in a way,
which results in a computer program or command. When progress has been made in computing
today, the major component of that progress has been either increasing the number of chips on
the transistor or improving the performance of the existing chips in speed and communication.
Quantum computing throws a curveball into all of that, though. Quantum computing is where a

chip does not have to be a one or zero, it can be both or switch between the two numbers as well.
This opens up for a lot more communication, more options, and more computing power that
would

Neanderthal Parallax, Hominids, by Robert J. Sawyer
The human race has achieved many impossible feats. We have landed on the moon, illuminated the world with the electric light, and cured illnesses
that used kill thousands. In a world where we look to technology to answer all of life's problems, we are faced with a dilemma. How can our
technology possibly keep up with our modern needs? In the first book of the Neanderthal Parallax, Hominids, by Robert J. Sawyer, we are transported
into a parallel universe. In this unpolluted world that is populated by Neanderthals, there is a sophisticated computing system, we know as a quantum
computer. As of 2014, quantum computers are still in their infancy, and have been prophesied since the early 1990s. However, work on building a
quantum computer, and creating algorithms compatible with one, began around the turn of the century. As one of only seven sci–fi writers in the
world, and the only Canadian, who has won all three of the top international awards for science fiction, he is known for the amount of research and
probable vision intertwined into the technology in his books.
A quantum computer is a sophisticated computer device that can actually calculate the use of quantum–mechanical phenomena, to perform operations
on data. Basically, it's one of the few devices that can calculate the quantum theory. Quantum theory is also classified asquantum mechanics, which is a
branch of physics that deals with physical phenomena inside of particles at nanoscopic scales (Wilczek). It

Quantum Physics : Quantum Computing
Quantum Computing
Less than 100 years ago, beginnings of the "new quantum theory" began. Only about 55 years after the new quantum theory began to emerge the idea
that quantum phenomena can be used to perform computations. The idea being for a quantum computer was that classical computers would take an
extremely long time to perform huge calculations, when a simple quantum system perform these same calculations all the time.
One property that quantum computers have been observed to have was the ability to solve exponential growth problems without using the exponential
growth in the time taken to complete the computation. This observation represents a characteristic named quantum parallelism. When an input is
submitted in a classical computer the same outcome will always be computed. For a quantum computer there will be many different outputs from just
one single input submission. This is because the quantum computer will compute all possible outcomes for that input simultaneously.
A quantum computer is similar to a computer, but uses the principles of quantum physics to increase the power of the system beyond what a traditional
computer can compute. A traditional computer functions by storing data in a binary format, using "bits" that encode with either a 0 or a 1. On the
other hand, a quantum computer will use quantum bits that will encode both the 0 and the 1. The main difference is the 0 and 1 will encode into two
distinguishable quantum states. The quantum computer

Research Paper On Quantum Entanglement
Quantum Entanglement Quantum entanglement, also known as "spooky action at a distance" as first referred to by Einstein, is a phenomenon which
occurs when two or more particles interact in such a way that their physical states can be described as one whole system rather than as each particle
separately. The particles spin in opposite directions to each other and, no matter how far away each particle is from the other, if one particle changes
its spin the other particle/s will instantaneously change their spin too in the exact opposite direction. You can, therefore, determine the physical state of
each particle just by examining the state of one particle. History: In 1935, Albert Einstein, in a joint paper with Boris Podolsky and Nathan Rosen,...
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Thus each particle would contain the necessary information with it resulting in there being no need for information to be transmitted between the
particles when they are measured. This theory was originally seen by Einstein and by many others as the only explanation to the paradox and they thus
accepted that the quantum mechanical description must be

The Ultimate Test For Any Idea
EPR Paradox
The ultimate test for any idea, ranging from abstract philosophical concepts to objective scientific theories, is the reality. What makes us to believe
whether something is right or wrong is how much that "thing" is compatible with reality. In physics, reality is the direct result of an experiment; thus,
we are forced to think about reality as "observable reality". In fact, the distinction between reality and observable reality is extremely important, since
as a consequence of this distinction, a logically correct theory may not necessary be correct while a logically non–satisfying theory may be completely
correct (if it is also able to predict the result of a series of experiments). Reality can encompasses any logical idea whether observable or unobservable,
but observable reality consist of only observable phenomena whether or not they seem logical. In the case of Einstein's gedanken experiment concerning
Quantum Mechanics –known as EPR or EPR Paradox– we face the exact same difficulty; either taking EPR's word for believing in logically desirable
physical explanations, or just relying on experiments' results and their consistency with quantum mechanics which are far from being logically
satisfying. In this paper, I shall tackle both EPR gedanken experiment and the results of an experiment that contrasts EPR logical statements in order to
see if I can address the EPR paradox once for all. In Can Quantum–Mechanical Description of Physical Reality Be

Physics : Physics And Physics
In short, quantum mechanics is 'a mathematical framework that plays a huge role in modern physics and chemistry'. It was interpreted in many ways,
however the Copenhagen Interpretation was the most widely held view, largely developed by Danish physicist Neils Bohr who worked in
Copenhagen. The framework can be applied to different scientific phenomena and can be used to investigate the behaviour of the building blocks of
the universe, all elementary particles. The complex mathematics is useful for these particles as they act in ways classical physics cannot explain. [1]
Classical physics is the study of physics which describes the activity of matter and energy on a scale that is relative to human experience, including
astronomical bodies, thus examining the macrophysics of the world around us. However towards the end of the 19th century, scientists such as Thomas
Kuhn began to find phenomena in both macro and microphysics that classical physics could not explain. His analysis of the philosophy of science, The
Structure of Scientific Revolutions influenced two major revolutions in the development of physics that created a shift in the original scientific models
of the theory of relativity В¬В¬and the development of quantum mechanics.
Wave Particle Duality [6]
The word quantum describes the smallest amount of any physical energy interaction. Certain characteristics of matter can only take discrete values.
Light behaves in a way that differs from the norm – it displays some

Analysis Of The Book ' Entanglement '
The study of quantum mechanics has been ongoing for hundreds of years. The book, Entanglement by Amir D. Aczel allows the reader to see the
evolution of the study of quantum mechanics over those hundreds of years from a fresh perspective. He offers an inside look at the scientists who have
contributed so much to the field throughout the years. In his book, Aczel humanizes the people who we previously looked at just as names behind
different theories, equations, and methods by exploring their backgrounds and their own unique motivations to study quantum mechanics. He shows
how their work over the years built unto that of their predecessors. The scientists come from different generations and places, but Aczel shows that they
all share something in common. While only some of them were aware of it at the time, all of their work would contribute to the discovery and
understanding of one of the most complex issue of quantum mechanics, entanglement. However, even understanding entanglement was not enough to
answer the question we still ask even today, why the quantum?
The quantum theory we are familiar with today had not yet been developed when Thomas Young was working as a physicist, but his work was very
important to quantum theory. Young was interested in many different academic fields in addition to his studies on light, such as natural philosophy
and Egyptian hieroglyphics. He was also a trained physician. Perhaps it was a good thing that was not a very successful doctor,

The Dynamical Behaviors Of Complementary Correlations...
REFEREE REPORT MANUSCRIPT # SREP–16–20322 PAPER DESCRIPTION In the paper titled "The dynamical behaviors of complementary
correlations under decoherence channels", Du et.al have investigated the relationship between complementary correlations (CC) and the entanglement
over noisy channels. In particular, for bipartite qubit systems, it has been shown that there exists an optimal threshold to which CC has to be
compared in order to determine the dynamical behavior of entanglement. Furthermore, authors claim to derive a novel threshold on environment
parameter as well which is based on the Pearson correlation between measured outcomes of complementary observables. This topic has already been
investigated to some extent in Ref. [1], the main novelty of this work is the inclusion of the decoherence. COMMENTS AND DECSISION Besides a
number of grammatical and spelling typos, the paper has been demonstrated a relation between CC and entanglement over noisy quantum channels for
bipartite qubit systems. Also, in my opinion, the claims based on the results haven 't been exaggerated. In view of all of this, I can recommend
publication of this paper in the scientific reports provided the authors address the following questions/concerns appropriately: QUESTIONS AND
CONCERNS From the

The Discovery Of The Atom
An Atom is the the basic building block of all matter. Atoms are made up of Particles, called: Protons, neutrons and Electrons. Protons carry a positive
charge, the neutron carry 's a neutral charge and the electron carry's a negative charge. The Atom has two main parts the Nucleus and the Electron
Shell. The Nucleus contains the Protons and Neutrons. The electron Shell Contains the The electrons.
There are many Scientist that contributed in the investigation of the atom which are:
1–John Dalton
2–Sir William Crookes
3–Wilhelm Rontgen
4–J.J Thomson
5–Max Planck
6–Albert Einstein
7–Ernest Rutherford
8–Neils Bohr
9–James Chadwick
10–Otto Hahn
The Discovery of the Atom first came from the Greeks which made a theory "The idea that all matter is made up of tiny, indivisible particles, or
atoms, is believed to have originated with the Greek philosopher Leucippus of Miletus and his student Democritus of Abdera in the 5th century B.C.
(The word atom comes from the Greek word atomos, which means "indivisible.")" (InfoPlease Atomic theory)
After that theory scientists started Wondering about this theory and a lot of Scientists made up Models and conducted Experiments to Explain this
Theory. In this report we will put our self's inside Each scientist's Shoe and see What has he discovered.
John Dalton
John Dalton, a British chemist and physicist, that was born on the 6th of September 1766. His study of gases led Dalton to wonder about what these
invisible substances

Reconciling Religious and Scientific Perspectives of...
Reconciling Religious and Scientific Perspectives of Creation
"In the beginning was the big bang,"[i] writes John Polkinghorne, a physicist turned theologian. As the reader follows through the remainder of his
cosmic creation story, the reader is intrigued at how mystical and religious the story sounds. "The space boiled, in the rapid expansion of the inflation
era, blowing the universe apart with incredible rapidity in the much less than 10–30 seconds that it lasted. . . . The world suddenly became transparent
and a universal sea of radiation was left to continue cooling on its own . . ."[ii] Then, the story unfolds to tell of the creation of hydrogen and helium and
the creation of stars. The death of stars follow, which ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He has scaled the mountains of ignorance, he is about to conquer the highest peak: as he pulls himself over the final rock, he is greeted by a band of
theologians who have been sitting there for centuries."[v] Though Jastrow treats the issue as settled and declares that scientists have finally been
"defeated," it is too early to reach any judgements on the implications the new cosmology has for both science and religion. Our image of the origin of
the universe is not yet complete and further investigations must be conducted before the towel is thrown in. Science has still much to offer to help us
understand how the universe came to be. Therefore, let us now attempt to solve the cosmic mystery of creation by referring to the great scientific minds
as our guide. Let us now rewind the story of the big bang and look into the origins of the universe.
The idea that the universe had an origin was a result of the discovery of the expansionary universe.[vi] The theoretical groundwork for the expansionary
universe theory was conceived, ironically, by Albert Einstein (a firm believer in the infinite and unchanging universe) in his work concerning
relativity.[vii] The expansionary universe theory was later confirmed by Edwin Hubble in the 1920's when he showed through careful observation of the

My Experience In My Life
"Experience is not what happens to you; it is what you do with what happens to you". That is what my dad was saying in the big screen in front of
me, quoting Aldous Huxley, next to my mom, both smiling widely and a bit dewy–eyed. It was a video they recorded unbeknownst to me that was
being shown at the Jenkins Foundation scholarship awards ceremony; a night that will last in my memory for the rest of my life. An acknowledgment
that came almost as unexpected as the realization that I would study in one of the best universities in Mexico. And, at the same time, a recognition that
seemed to be just an obvious next step, the natural consequence of all that I had done and worked for up to that moment. There they were, doing what
parents do best: show their support. As when they took me to some amazing science summer courses or when they joined me attending this awesome
do–your–own–telescope workshop at our local university. Or while paying for the various programming courses I could not wait to take. My
parents would always encourage me to follow each one of my interests and try them by myself. This helped me be totally confident on my
capabilities and be certain that I would be successful in any professional or academic career I chose, as long as it was something I loved. College,
for me, could be summed up in one word: passion. Not just any passion, but the best one I can think of: passion for knowledge. That feeling that
drives us to unknown places as we try to explain and

Quantum Computing: Breakthrough of the Future Essay
Innovation is the breakthrough to the future. There is a enormous amount of information us humans do not know. How can we solve these unknown
answers? The biggest solution is, quantum computing. This is how quantum computers work, how they are made, how a person can program a
quantum computer, and how it will change our future as we know it.
How a Quantum Computer Works: Old School vs. New School The first conventional computers that were introduced were these big towers of
switches, transistors, and buttons. These old computers took up so much power, but had such little specifications. The first Macintosh ever made had a
whopping 128kilobytes of random–access memory and the floppy disk inside the computer would not be able to even hold ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
SQUID stands for Superconducting Quantum Interference Device. What this device does is, it has a large metal ring made out of niobium. When
niobium is cooled down, it becomes a super conductor and it starts the quantum mechanical effects. The quantum mechanical effects create states of +1
and –2 charges from a magnetic spin and the charges rely on what the qubit wants to do. Later on, we have to make a coupler before the quantum
processor has been made. To have a multi–qubit processor, qubits have to be connected using couplers. How couplers work is, there is a series of
rectangles and there is coupling elements inside those rectangles that allow qubits to transfer and share information. Now that the coupler is made, the
next process is manufacturing the quantum processor. The processor chips are made, but then they are stamped on silicon wafer. D–Wave, has created
their own series of quantum processors called the Rainer Series and it has 128 qubits which is wicked fast. A 128 qubit system can calculate how
satellites would react to solar wind storms or a nuclear blast from Earth instantly, which a conventional computer would take weeks. A quantum
computer can get very hot and a quantum chip has to have temperatures below zero to operate functionally. To achieve this, D–Wave has built a box
that is a refrigeration system, it is known as a dilution refrigerator. Inside the dilution refrigerator, it is cooled to around 20mK and the refrigerators use
liquid Helium as a

On the Development of Quantum Computers and Cryptography
On the Development of Quantum Computers and Cryptography
In 2010, the United States government, after accessing encrypted files by means of physical intervention, exposed ten Russian sleeper agents; in 2013,
the United States government, without any means of physical intervention, surreptitiously collected and promptly decrypted many previously
encrypted (Wood). Within this decade, concerns regarding the dubious security of contemporarycryptography will begin to emerge as the secrets of
quantum computing quickly unravel. Companies that rely on Moore's law, which asserts that computing power doubles every eighteen months, to
justify using the theoretically weak cryptography scheme known as RSA will succumb to the risks posed by ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
These individuals cite a "three qubit impasse," which states that because quantum computers have not become more complex than three qubits, they
will not become more complex than three qubits. From the start of serious research in 2001 up until recently, this argument had remained tenable. But,
the human endeavor to create technological advancements would not relent. This drive proved itself as successful in 2012, when D–Wave Systems, a
quantum computing company founded in 1999, announced that their work on a 512 qubit quantum computer had concluded. D–Wave then went on to
state that they would computer would reveal the computer later that year, albeit with a limited range of abilities. Since then, companies such as Google
and the National Aeronautics and Space Association (NASA) have begun to work in conjunction with D–Wave to improve upon their prototype and
apply them to calculations to discover new potential. Nevertheless, dogmatic advocates for RSA hold the proposition that their point still stands as
these do not count as full–fledged quantum computers. With the progression of time, the development of quantum computers will do as it has already
done once and relegate the power of the three qubit impasse to a continually smaller role.
While RSA performs its final show, a new system dГ©buts. Praised by some as unbreakable, they call the method "Quantum Key Distribution," (QKD)
and in it lies

Bell's Inequality: An Experimental Analysis
When individual experiments are designed and carried out using a hypothetico–deductive method, they are bound by the logical constraints of modus
ponens and modus tollens. If predictions derived from the hypothesis are confirmed, then the hypothesis is more likely. If the predictions are wrong,
then the hypothesis may be rejected.
However, there is a complicating world of auxiliary assumptions to consider. The primary hypothesis and all of these auxiliary hypotheses are
effectively being tested together.
In this case, the Alain Aspect experiment was testing entanglement between co–generated and entangled particles. Their behavior was compared to
results predicted by Quantum Mechanics and results predicted by Bell's Inequality. The experiment ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The key point of this argument is that its conclusion tries to advance the general philosophical claim that anything that is unobservable is nonexistent,
however, Bell proposes that could be other interpretations of the evidence. These interpretations could include a Lorentzian interpretation. Bell would
prefer that we abandon Einstein's SR requirement that the speed of light be inviolate in order to embrace some view of objective reality. Bell would
like both physicists and philosophers to embrace a world–view that there was a physical reality before during and after our lives. 5. "The questions with
which Einstein attacked the quantum theory do have answers; but they are not the answers that Einstein expected them to have." Mermin, p. 397.
"Einstein suddenly stopped, turned to me and asked whether I really believed that the moon exists only when I look at it." (Mermin 397)
Einstein's challenge to Mermin reflected a world–view that quantum systems can't exist absent of measurable properties (eg. position and momentum)
and independently of perception. The use of the moon is reductio ad absurdum on the macro level, while SchrГ¶dinger's cat makes a similar point on a
micro

Device That Can Be Thought As A Gun
device that can be thought as a gun. The second screen has a surface that can record or detect any wave or particle that manages to pass through the
slits and strike the screen. As will be seen, sometime the researcher will open just one slit and other times both slits. The experiment is conducted in
stages in order to contrast waves from particles.
In the first stage a series of bullets (particles) will be fired toward the barrier with one slit open. As expected a vertical pattern of bullet holes will
appear behind slit 1. After opening the second slit and firing another volley, a second vertical pattern will appear right next to the first one. In other
words the bullets behave just like particles in accordance with classical physics as would be expected.
In stage two a monochromatic light (light with just one wavelength) will be emitted toward the screen. This is in contrast to the light from a normal
light bulb that is composed of many differing wavelengths (making it difficult to observe the interference pattern). The second screen is coated with a
chemical that illuminates when impacted by light. When the monochromatic light is emitted with only one slit open, a pattern of brightness appears
just behind the slit. But with both slits open an interference pattern is observed consisting of bright bands where constructive interference occurred and
dark bands where destructive interference occurred. Again, this is just what is expected.
In the third stage

Physics, Love, and Richard Feynman Essay
Physics, Love, and Richard Feynman
Introduction
Physics. Love. These two words sum up the entities that Richard Feynman held most important throughout his entire life. An extraordinary individual,
Feynman was able to combine an incredible mind with an incredible personality to achieve ends bordering on the magical. After Feynman's death in
1988, physicist Hans Bethe, paraphrasing the mathematician Mark Kac, spoke of two kinds of geniuses. He explained that the ordinary kind does
great things but lets other scientists feel that they could do the same if only they worked hard enough. The other kind performs magic. Bethe said, "A
magician does things that nobody else could ever do and that seem completely unexpected...and that's ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Before Richard Phillips Feynman was born on May 11, 1918, his father had proclaimed, "If it's a boy, he'll be a scientist" (Mehra 1994, p. 2). He
was right, although it is interesting to note that Feynman's sister Joan, nine years his junior, also has a Ph.D. in physics (Feynman 1988). But while
Melville Feynman might have been wrong about predicting the careers of his children based on their sex, he certainly prepared the young ones well
for the scientific occupation. In an interview just before his death, Feynman was asked if he could name a great influence in his life. He said, "My
father. Early in my life, he'd tell me about the world, about nature and how interesting it was" (Brian 1995, p. 49). The elder Feynman took his son on
long walks in the woods, read to him from the Encyclopedia Britannica, and encouraged him to conduct experiments with household materials.
Throughout elementary school, Feynman tinkered with toys, clocks, radios, and anything else he could secure for his laboratory, a workspace in the
corner of his bedroom. Besides influencing Feynman to think about the wonders of science from a young age, Melville taught his son some
non–scientific lessons that would greatly impact Feynman's views on certain issues. For example, Feynman learned from his father to show
indifference to authority, and to devalue honors and awards. Melville was in the uniform business, and knew that there was no difference between a
man with a uniform on and

Quantum Cumputers Essay examples
Quantum Cumputers By the strange laws of quantum mechanics, Folger, a senior editor at Discover, notes, an electron, proton, or other subatomic
particle is "in more than one place at a time," because individual particles behave like waves, these different places are different states that an atom can
exist in simultaneously. Ten years ago, Folger writes, David Deutsch, a physicist atOxford University, argued that it may be possible to build an
extremely powerful computer based on this peculiar reality. In 1994, Peter Shor, a mathematician at AT&T Bell Laboratories in New Jersey, proved
that, in theory at least, a full–blown quantum computer could factor even the largest numbers in seconds––an accomplishment impossible for even the
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In our computers, circuit boards are designed so that a 1 or a 0 is represented by differing amounts of electricity, the outcome of one possibility has no
effect on the other. However, a problem arises when quantum theories are introduced, the outcomes come from a single piece of hardware existing in
two separate realities and these realties overlap one another affecting both outcomes at once. These problems can become one of the greatest strengths
of the new computer however, if it is possible to program the outcomes in such a way so that undesirable effects cancel themselves out while the
positive ones reinforce each other. This quantum system must be able to program the equation into it, verify its computation, and extract the results.
Several possible systems have been looked at by researchers, one of which involves using electrons, atoms, or ions trapped inside of magnetic fields,
intersecting lasers would then be used to excite the confined particles to the right wavelength and a second time to restore the particles to their ground
state. A sequence of pulses could be used to array the particles into a pattern usable in our system of equations. Another possibility by Seth Lloyd of
MIT proposed using organic–metallic polymers (one–dimensional molecules made of repeating atoms). The energy states of a given atom would be
determined by its interaction with neighboring atoms in the chain. Laser pulses

Quantum Teleportation And Its Effect On Human Life
Since 1993, when the concept was first introduced by Bennett et al., numerous attempt have been made to practically implement Quantum
teleportation. Quantum teleportation was first demonstrated with entangled photons[11] in 1997. Later, various developments have been achieved in
laboratory, including the demonstration of entanglement swapping[12], open destination teleportation[13] and teleportation of two bit composite
system[14]. Entanglement distribution has been shown with fiber links[15–18]. In addition, "practical" quantum teleportation have been realized via
fiber links[19, 20] and limited to a distance of about one kilometer. Experiments have achieved free space distribution of entangled photon pairs over
distances of 600 m[21] and 13 km[22]. Later, entangled photons were transmitted over 144 km[23, 24]. In these experiments, either only one photon
was transmitted[23] or the entangled photon pair was transferred together[24] using only a one–link channel. Most recently, following a modified
scheme[25], quantum teleportation over a 16 km free–space links was demonstrated[26] with a single pair of entangled photons. However in this
experiment, the unknown quantum state must be prepared on one of the resource entangled qubits and therefore cannot be presented independently.
Quantum cryptography, specifically Quantum key distribution is one important field where quantum teleportation can be practically applied to provide
completely secure information exchange between

Analyzing Scientific Argumentation On The Conflict
Resolving The Conflict 1. Need To Elucidate Scientific Argumentation When a subject matter is described as beyond logic, it is not meant illogical or
that it completely lacks the usage of argumentation of any kind. If that would have been the norm, Shri Vallabhacharya would not have
argumentatively defended the atomism of Jiva against the heterodox discipline propounded by Jainism in 'Chit Prakran' of shastrarth prakran nibandha
(а¤ї.а¤¦аҐЂ. а¤µа¤Ё. а¤¶а¤.а¤ЄаҐЌа¤°.а¤•а¤а¤°а¤°а¤•а¤.53) and elsewhere. Bhagwad Gita states man who is of a doubting nature perishes
(а¤ёа¤‚а¤¶а¤Їа¤ѕа¤¤аҐЌа¤®а¤ѕ а¤µа¤їа¤Ёа¤¶аҐЌа¤Їа¤µа¤ї–4/40 ) . Here doubt means lacking faith and not lacking curiosity or questions which on
the contrary tend to enhance the virtue of a learner. Similarly, when scriptures state something... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Between the firing electrons and the wall there was a frame deployed to obstruct the passage of electrons with two slits that allowed them to pass.
Electrons, being particles should hit directly behind the slit, producing particle like behaviour. Something like this– However, the electrons instead
produced wave pattern, which is only possible when a single electron passes through both the slits. Some of the electrons even hit the area directly
behind the barrier. Something like this– This showed that electrons have wave–particle duality like the Light and it exists in a 'superposition' which is a
state of potential innumerable possibilities of existence. However, what further astounded the physicists was when a detector was placed to measure
the passage of electrons to learn how it passes through both slits; the electrons immediately collapsed their wave function and reverted to particle like
behaviour. Physicists then decided to act smart and switched on the detector once the electron had passed through the slit. But it seemed somehow the
electrons knew that it was being detected and it immediately switched to particle like behaviour by adopting the passage from one of the either slit. In a
nutshell, every time the electron was measured, it dropped its superposition and wave function. What stumps the physicists is the fact that what exactly
counts as 'measurement' that leads the electrons to change their course. There are no concrete

Science
Science serves to prove or debunk religion. In A Tale For The Time Being readers find evidence of spiritual practices and specific fields of science
that support them. Kierkegaard believed that to truly accept anything (more specifically religion) one would need to take a leap of faith, but in the
current state of the world people are not willing to. If science could provide evidence for one religion to be seen as fact there would be an
astronomical shift in the belief systems of many.
By speaking of time and relating the principles of science to those of Buddhism Ozeki provides readers with a new pathway to thought. A quote from
Zen Master Dogen is found in the text: "everything in the entire universe is intimately linked with each other ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
The superposition theory of quantum physics that "a particle can be in two or more places or states at once" (Appendix B), which means that Ruth
could have existed in her dimension as well as the new one she created. Although both of the aforementioned concepts can be considered abstract or
transcendental, when closely observed one corroborates with the other.
Ancients believed the crow to be a "harbinger that guides souls from the realm of the living into the afterlife", with this interpretation the
importance of the crow within Ruth's life is clear. In Haruki #1's second to last letter he speaks of the Crow Wars (presumably the war between the
U.S. and the Crow tribe of Montana in 1887) and says "'I am crow!'" to describe how he feels while flying in the sky (258). Could this then mean the
crow that appears daily in Ruth's life is Haruki #1 reincarnate? The crow is of Corvus Japonensis genus inhabits Tokyo, Japan which is were Nao
lived. If the crow is not Haruki #1 reincarnate, it could be a sign of the validity of Ruth's quest to find Nao and absorb what her diary has to offer.
Oliver showed his interest in the crow by his acknowledgment of its existence and then, pondering on its existence "'No it was. I think it was a
Jungle Crow. It sat there for a long time, studying me, so I got a really good look at it, too. I could swear it

Computers And The Field Of Computer Engineering
Electrical engineering is a wide field of study and the field of computer engineering is very intriguing. Computer hardware is the field that is
advancing at an exponential pace in the last 100 years which is a very small piece of human history. Which is why this field is so interesting and
finding advancements in computer and computing is not hard to come by. There's always something new that's created like a new software or
processor. But there's been some recent advancements in what could shape and be the cornerstone of a new step in making history and a new age of
computing. That great leap towards the future is quantum computing and in the last two years theirs been a lot of new and exciting developments that
will be discussed. The man who first came up with the idea was Feynman a physicist who encountered a problem with classic computers. That they just
couldn't handle the amount of variable or simulate quantum physics he came up with the first concepts of a quantum computer. Quantum computing
has a made a recent leap forward that can be attributed to a few factors. The factors are that in last few year's major companies like google, Intel and
IBM have started to or have increased their resources and manpower on making quantum computing a reality. In 2014 John Martinis and his colleagues
at the University of California, Santa Barbara were working to make qubit gates more reliable and controllable. During their research and
experimentation, they got a fidelity of

The Origin Of Life : Intelligent Design Vs. Materialistic...
Marquel Gray
Prof. Heather Clark
7/22/13
Eng.111–60A
The origin of life: Intelligent Design vs. materialistic naturalism
The origin of life has been questioned by men for thousands of years. Scientist have studied the universe extensively and developed various theories to
answer questions related to the origin of life. Questions like, how did life begin? Is the universe the result of chaotic chance or intelligent design? How
did life on earth come to be? These are some of the many questions scientist work hard to solve, but what does their research tell them? Let's start with
the well–recognized theory of evolution. Evolution, a theory made famous by Charles Darwin; is the process in which an organism changes over time
via adaptation, mutation and gene isolation. According to an article by evolutionary biologist Richard Lenski (2012), "There exists no other scientific
explanation that can account for all the patterns in nature, only non–scientific explanations that require a miraculous force, like a creator." Looking at
the millions of fossils dated to be thousands, hundreds of thousands, millions and billions of years old; this theory seems solid. According to an
article, by bio technician Brian Thomas (2011), a discrepancy about a time period known as the Cambrian explosion; dated to be about 800 million
years ago, has been around as early as Charles Darwin. In this article he presents the evidence that an abundance of species said not to appear until

Coherence, Entanglement, And Topological Phases Of Quantum...
I am a theoretical physicist working on quantum mechanical aspects of condensed matter and solid state physics. My past research highlights
coherence, entanglement, and topology in condensed matter systems. These features are unique in quantum systems, and can give rise to phenomena
that do not have classical counterparts. Target systems of my interest include mesoscopic/nanoscopic systems such as graphene, spintronics, topological
insulators, and strongly correlated electron systems such as quantum magnetism, unconventional superconductors, and the quantum Hall effect. More
broadly, I am interested in quantum many–body systems and quantum field theories in general.
More specifically, one of my focuses in the last 10 years is to develop a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
For example, the quantum Hall states, time–reversal symmetric topological insulators, and one–dimensional topological superconductors, all nicely fit
into our classification scheme. Furthermore, our theory predicts the stability of the edge states of topological insulators/superconductors against
disorder. Our classification scheme has been playing an important role in exploring to new topological materials. For example, based on our
classification, we predicted the presence of novel three–dimensional time–reversal symmetric topological insulators. This prediction has been
experimentally explored in the B–phase of Helium, and in doped topological insulators.
As illustrated by the above examples of topological phases, an important challenge in quantum condensed matter physics is: "How do we characterize
and study highly quantum and complex systems?" This question is related not only to topological phases, but to systems at quantum critical points,
systems that can undergo a many–body localization transition in the presence of disorder, and eigen state thermalization that takes place for closed
quantum systems at finite energy density, etc. In this regard, quantum entanglement has been establishing its status as an important common language
in modern quantum many–body physics, both in condensed matter and high–energy physics contexts. It has been used to address many fundamental

Essay on The Duality of Light and Matter
In school you learned about the atom as though the electrons were particles. But what if you were taught wrong? What if matter is in reality a
wave? This is the question raised by Lois de Broglie and is the focus of this essay. First we will cover the difference between particles and waves. Then
we will cover the origin of this debate, the duality of light and the double slit experiment. Then we will look at the man behind this unorthodox idea,
what his scientific background is and his reasons for suggesting this unorthodox idea. Finally we will examine the data behind this experiment and see
if it stands up or not. What are the main differences behind a wave and the particle? A particle has locality, this means it can be in only one... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In the photoelectric effect light was transmitted onto a metal surface, with certain conditions the light could knock off electrons, its behavior could
only be explained by considering light as a particle aka a photon. In Compton scattering the radiation of high frequency waves off of electrons could
only be explained by considering the radiation in terms of quantified particles. So is light a wave or a particle? Throughout the years the debate has
gone back and forth and back and forth. In the 19th century Leon Foucault Established that light moves slower in water than in air which is in favor
of wave theory in the same century Maxwell proved that light was an electromagnetic wave. But in the 20th century Max Planck discovers that light
is quantified and not continuous and Albert Einstein reestablishes particle theory with his mathematical proof of the photoelectric effect. Interestingly
a good example of the ongoing struggle is the fact that J. J. Thompson got the Nobel Prize in 1906 for proving that electrons were particles, but his
son received the prize in 1937 for proving electrons to be waves. Of course if scientists were questioning the properties of light why not matter as
well? Enter in our main character Prince Louis–Victor de Broglie. Prince Louis–Victor de Broglie was born in Dieppe on the fifteenth of August in the
year 1892. He graduated from the LycГ©e Janson of Sailly in

Essay On My Childhood Day
During my childhood days, every single time it rained, I would wait just to hear the thunder. Every lightning strike was so powerful with its
terrifying sound, yet it worked with the same principle that explained the bits of paper clinging to a charged fur cloth rubbed on a cat. It was very
enchanting for me to learn that all the extreme and massive events which took place could be explained by the same laws which govern our daily
experiences. Learning physics would unravel the nature of these events, all around me. Every single time I gaze at the sky, I could not help but
realise that those stars which sparkle at a distance are nothing but bodies just like our sun and most of them are still bigger. During my school days,
my biggest awe was just to realise how miniscule we were and that the universe was ever expanding. The most interesting fact for me was to admire the
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Moreover, my calculation for removing a stain on a vessel which my mother was not able to clean, came out to be right. I was able to remove the stain,
unusually, with cooking oil than with water. My mother was surprised and I felt triumphant. Learning new little things can have a great stimulus on the
human brain and this is a joyous facet of science to me.
My curiosity to know and understand the workings of the things around me has led to my interest in electronics, physics and particularly applied
physics. To be able to understand the physical phenomenon and then being able to apply it is a very fascinating process. I would like to see how the
theory that I got acquainted with up until now can be put to use for some of the most important things around. This internship would give me an
opportunity to explore nanotechnologies and understand its link with applied

Casino Royale Essay
Daniel Craig's new James Bond in Casino Royale breathes fresh life into what had become, in my opinion, a rather tired and worn out concept – a
striking achievement, considering Casino Royale was Ian Fleming's first novel in the series, written in 1953.
We encounter Bond as a fledgling British agent, yet to gain MI6 double–0 Status, with its 'licence to kill'. The film strikes me as being more violent
than previous Bond films, showing him cleaning up after the action – indeed, some of his injuries as portrayed were genuine, according to The Ticket,
November 2006. He is less 'superhuman', too, than in the other films; for example, he's not as adept at 'free–running' as his adversary. The new
less–than–perfect Bond (he upsets M by ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In contrast to Lind and Bond, Le Chiffre is the stereotypical Bond villain of this film, being cold, foreign and has a particular trait– crying blood as
opposed to tears, a classically bizarre Flemming touch. He is banker for an international terrorist ring, and contrives to play poker with Bond in the
Casino of the film's name. He not only shows himself to be ruthless and cunning like most bond villains, but also very desperate in some parts of the
film, particularly when he attempts to force information out of bond in one of the films more harrowing scenes.
Vesper Lyndherself, in a departure from the usual Bond love–interest, shows herself to be so much more than just the typical air–headed, glamorous
Bond blonde. She is devious and cunning, proving to be more than a match for him in planning and plotting, illustrating that she is so much more than
the window–dressing Bond girls of yore. One of my favourite scenes, she unexpectedly joins Bond for dinner whilst he is travelling to Montenegro by
train. Bond quickly susses out Vesper as being insecure about her beauty and thus over compensating with masculine clothing giving her a prickly
demeanour. She is also quick to size–up Bond and the pair enjoy a bit of flirtatious banter before retiring to their respective quarters.
The new Bond carries the torch of the former Bonds but adds interest, Craig being a superb actor in his

Taking a Look at Quantum Cryptography
Quantum Cryptography is the newest technology in the field of Encryption and proved to be most secure as of now. In this paper we will discuss what
quantum cryptography is and what makes it most secure and unbreakable.
Introduction
All our classical computer cryptography methods are basically based on some mathematical calculations which are quiet easy to implement in one
direction but very difficult to process in the other direction. As RSA(Rivest–Shamir–Adleman) algorithm which is one of the first practicable and most
famous public–key cryptosystems, RSA, is based on the technique of factoring large numbers which makes it secure. Difficulty in factoring increases
with number of digits in RSA key. For example, a 128 digit number would take millions of years to factor with current computers.
There are still limitations in classical cryptography, it is purely mathematical and information cannot be separated from its physical representation. In
Classical physics, we use binary form to store and process the data. In the 1980s, C.Bennet, P.Benioff, R.Feynman and others observed that new and
very powerful ways of information processing are possible with quantum mechanical systems. This gave birth to the concept of quantum computing.
We have algorithms such as Shor's Algorithm, a quantum computer can break a very large number into its prime factors otherwise which could take
millions of years to be solved. The day when quantum cryptography will become a reality, above

Measurement Based Quantum Computation ( Mbqc )
Quantum entanglement, which is often counterintuitive and was originally questioned by Einstein, Podolsky, and Rosen (EPR),1 is now recognized as
a versatile resource for quantum information protocols.2,3 In order to meet various requirements for various applications, an important technological
development is to increase the number of available entangled qubits. In particular, measurement–based quantum computation (MBQC) requires the
cluster type of a large–scale entangled state,4,5 where individual components of the cluster state must be accessible by measuring devices. The number
of entangled qubits with individual accessibility seems to be currently limited to a moderate scale.6–8 Shifting to the continuous variable (CV)... Show
With the time–domain multiplexing, a cluster state of qumodes can be an arbitrarily long chain in the longitudinal direction by extending the operating
time of the cluster–state generator. In spite of the in–principle unlimitation of the time–domain–multiplexing, the previous experimental demonstration
of a dual–rail CV cluster state was limited in the number of qumodes,13 due to a technical reason as follows. The optical setup is a large
Mach–Zehnder interferometer as depicted in Fig. 1, including a long optical delay line for a shift of qumodes on a rail. The mathematical derivation of
the cluster state with this setup is contained in Sec. S1 of the supplementary material. In order to operate this cluster–state generator, the relative phases
at all interference points must be properly locked. For this purpose, modulated bright beams are injected into the optical paths of the cluster state as
phase probes, and their classical interference signals are exploited as error signals for the feedback control. However, the modulated bright beams are
noisy, which obscures objective quantum–level correlation signals of the cluster state. The noises were circumvented in the previous demonstration by
chopping the bright beams and by detecting the cluster

The Agent Responsible For Synchronicity
While periods of human thought are invariably brief, lasting only seconds at most, consciousness maintains a continuous flow, uninterrupted by any
shift in thought. This is evident in the persistence of a unary self when conceptualized at a single moment in time and over a period of time. The agent
responsible for synchronicity is the claustrum, located on the underside of the neocortex. Although the exact function of the claustrum remains to be
verified, connectivity studies have shown that it plays a vital role in communication between the two hemispheres of the brain, specifically between
cortical regions controlling attention. It is believed that the claustrum acts as a timescale integrator, synchronizing the two hemispheres, creating a
seamless unity of consciousness between hemispherical processes. Anesthetics such as Propofol affirm the functionality of the claustrum through their
mechanism of action. A state of unconsciousness is induced when the brain's ability to integrate information is blocked. Anesthetics inhibit the
synchrony of the claustrum through potentiation of gamma–amino–butyric acid alpha (GABA–A).
Psychosis is a symptom of many serious mental disorders characterized by a loss of touch with reality. The perception of reality is a major component
of self–awareness. The pathology of psychosis is key to understanding the neurological agents responsible for aspects of consciousness. Several
neurotransmitter systems are associated with the pharmacological

Quantum Mechanics and Islam Essay
Introduction
Quantum mechanics or also known as quantum physics is a field of science which studies the behaviour of particles at sub–atomic level. This theory
tells us that short–lived pairs of particles and their antiparticles are constantly being created and destroyed in an apparently empty space.
In quantum mechanics the weird behaviour of electrons are not accurately explained and until now not a single theory is acceptable by the whole
scientific community to postulate the phenomena. The electrons become linked, or entangled, such that changing one invariably affects the other, no
matter how far apart they are; something Einstein called "spooky action at a distance". Quantum stuff can also exist in several places at once, or spin ...
The inadequacy and weaknesses of modern science is thus manifested as a result of its ignorance on other sources of scientific knowledge such as
metaphysical and spiritual knowledge which is proven successful by previous Muslim scientists during the period of medieval Islam.
In Islamic science, cosmology plays an important role as a link between pure metaphysics and the particular sciences and acts as a source of
conceptual framework for the unity of science and spiritual knowledge. There are a number of cosmological principles in Islamic science which are
formulated based on the relevant Qur'anic verses, prophetic traditions and intuitive knowledge of famous traditional Muslim scholars. In this study, the
principles and ideas of quantum mechanics are presented in a simplified manner for easy understanding of the subject matter, followed by the
application of the principles in Islamic science wherein the relevant issues are discussed accordingly.
A Brief History of Quantum Mechanics
Quantum theory began to take shape in the early 20th century, when classical ideas failed to explain some observations. Previous theories allowed
atoms to vibrate at any frequency, leading to incorrect predictions that they could radiate infinite amounts of energy; a problem known as the
ultraviolet catastrophe. Max Planck in 1900 solved this problem by assuming the vibrations of atoms at specific or

The Physics Of Quantum Computers
My topic is quantum computing. We can say that quantum computers are likely to move out of science fiction and research labs and into practical
applications. A quantum computing is way faster than a normal pc. Google already have one and make many test online. A quantum computer is a new
complex technology. Thiscomputer is not available for us yet. This new engine represent a lot of new possibility for us. Some person tell that the
teleportation would be available, but this is too far. Old computers can't afford all what a quantum computer can do, and that mean one day they will
disappear. Quantum computing has a lot of benefice, for example, it uses superposition, help to improve the actual technic by solving problems that are
too complex for today's computational systems, and are have a lot of requirement to work properly.
Quantum computer are fascinating. Even better, a quantum computer is a computer design which uses the principles of quantum physics to increase
the computational power. A traditional computer can't reach the same level of power or operations. A quantum physics is the study of matter and
energy at the molecular, atomic, nuclear, and even smaller microscopic level. Also, thanks to superposition and entanglement, a quantum computer can
process a vast number of calculations simultaneously. Where a classical computer works with ones and zeros. "Superposition is essentially the ability
of a quantum system to be in multiple states at the same time" (IQC,

Observation of Sub-Atomic Particles
1.A) Part of the wave might penetrate it or it might not. This would be random and would depend on the energy of the electron attempting to penetrate.
B) The pattern that initially seemed random would begin to acquire uniformity. Half of the electrons would transmit and half would reflect and go back.
Each of the electrons that transmitted would carry its complete charge and mass.
C) One cannot say where the electron really is, whether a given electron will transmit or reflect. It is only possible to state the probability of electrons
actions. For example, one may say that the probability is one in five that the electron will transmit and four out of five that it will be reflected back.
D) Some physicists find the result difficult to accept because they perceive it as what Einstein called "God playing dice with the universe". The
unpredictability inherent with this result and the fact that it seems to contradict both Newtonian physics as well as reality, make it a less than ideal
paradigm for many physicists.
E) David Hume would have vehemently objected to my answer on part C). Hume's word view was largely based on the belief that, to understand
events in the universe, we must look to their cause. This casual link is, therefore, disrupted under the conditions witnessed in the aforementioned
experiment, as we can see a cause but the result side of the chain is unknown.
2.A) Some Greek scientists based their opinion that the space between the earth and the planets and

We are Immigrants at a Community College
As a immigrant and a community college student, I enjoy changes and challenges. I wish to transfer to a four–year research university to study in a
more challenging and diverse academic environment. College of Art and Science at University of Pennsylvania will be a great fit for me because of
its academic rigor and liberty, premier Ivy League education, and vast research opportunities. Benjamin Franklin is my hero. I sincerely admire his
versatility. His contributions on electricity is remarkable. Moreover, his bravery in his kite experiment always motivates me to concentrate on my
research, never deterred by any potential danger. I wish to develop my personal qualities at Penn and the inherit Benjamin Franklin's spirit and
philosophy. Academically, I look forward to attending an institution where I can personalize my education. College of Art and Science at Penn
resonates with my educational goals. The College Curriculum satisifies my desire for well–rounded higher education. I can flexibly decide my class
schedule and learn across disciplines. I can study a wide range of art and science knowledge and broaden my horizon. While discovering the
fundamental principles of nature, I can enjoy the beauty and charm of humanity and art. This general and specialized education, like the Penn student
Kramar who speaks in the video, enables me to integrate creative art into my scientific research to better understand the pattern of microscopic world
and ignite lot of innovative ideas.

The Physics Of An Experiment
In 1964, John Bell set out to test the arguments originally described in the EPR paper and later more eloquently describe by David Bohm. In the paper
by Bohm, he shows how one could conceive of an experiment to mirror the conceptual situation put forth in the EPR paper, by examining the
dissociation of a diatomic molecule whose total spin angular momentum is zero. For example, the hydrogen molecule into two hydrogen atoms. In the
experiment, the hydrogen atoms would separate after interaction, in different free directions. It is here that an experimenter would measure the spin
components whose values are anti–correlated after dissociation. If we define our axis of measuring as the one at right angles to the particles flight,
then we can have a consistent measurement. If the measure of hydrogen atom one yields spin– up, measurement along the same axis for the other atom
would yield spin–down, to be consistent with total spin equal to zero. This is an interesting experiment because of the incompatibility of spin
components makes it analogous to position and momentum conjugates. Bohm eventually went on to publish a more sophisticated paper with plausible
instrumentation to test his theories with Yakir Aharonov in 1957. A thought experiment that is discusses the ideas of Bell's inequalities are as follows.
Consider two observers that are initially together and agree that they will be given red or green balls at regular intervals, from this they conclude that
only red or green 4

Disadvantages Of Quantum Computer
The application and development of quantum computing is still in progress and there aren't any fully developed quantum computers out there right
now. In spite of that, there are many advantages of quantum computing based on the theory and calculations provided by the scientists will benefit us
in the future. First of all, there is a difference between quantum computer and traditional computer need to be explained. For example, traditional
computer uses long strings of "bits", which is either zero or one. While for the quantum computer, it uses quantum bits, or qubits (University of
Waterloo n.d.).
Sounds confusing? Here is the advantage I want to explain now. In traditional devices, information is stored and handled in binary form which was ...
This is because he proved that due to a classic computers cannot slow down without exponentially, thus, a classical computers cannot simulate the
quantum effects. But a quantum computer can simulate the physical processes of quantum effects in a real time. They named it as molecular
simulations (Talele etal 2012). This definitely will allow us to study, in remarkable detail, the interactions between atoms and molecules. This could
help medical and engineering field to design new drugs and new materials (University of Waterloo n.d.). Those pharmacists can know more about how
was the interactions with each other of their products. They also can see the biological processes after they used a drug on a person to view the
interaction of a drug with a person's metabolism or disease. Meanwhile in the engineering field, they can create new materials such as superconductors
that work at room temperature, nanotechnology, and semiconductor. This has been theoretically demonstrated to have this incredible potential, but
hopefully those benefits would bring to us in the

Arthur Eddington's My Son, The Prince Of Fashion
The most beautiful theory, The Economist
The Economist's article "The most beautiful theory" discusses Albert Einstein's theory of general relativity. It explains the origins of general relativity
through Einstein's initial thought experiments that eventually led to the realization that the university functions in four dimensions ("three spatial
dimensions, one temporal one") and that mass curved space–time, creating gravity. Over time, Einstein's theory was verified by observations, such as
those made by Arthur Eddington when he noticed the skew of light around the sun during an eclipse, which could only have been due to distorted
space–time. His theory has also been expanded over the years as physicists try to combine general relativity with ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
He describes the various shows they witnessed, brilliantly contrasting his clueless apathy with his son's pure and complete entrancement with the
clothes, the shows, and the process. He also describes his son's unique love for fashion and his ability to dress impeccably, which he does due to his
love for clothes and despite any teasing and mocking he encounters because of his style. Abe has an impressive and commendable ability to stand out
and withstand the scrutiny and criticism that accompanies such distinction (Chabon even comments that Abe designs his clothes, the "outside of his
body," to "invite scrutiny"). Ironically, though, Chabon expresses the most important message of the article through the one fashion show to which he
did not accompany his son. It was the show his son loved the most, precisely because Chabon, his "minder" (which he purposefully calls himself
throughout the article), was not there. It was at the Paris Fashion show, and this one show in particular, that Abe found his "people;" he found those
like him, who similarly love everything about fashion. And it was there he finally cured the intense "solitude of his passion" that he suffered at home,
amid friends and family that did not share, or really understand, his passion. In Chabon's words "you are born into a family and those are your people,"

Using A Different Setup Than A Standard Linear Optical System
Using a different setup than a standard linear optical system, [SOURCE]Choi et al. are able to use trapped ions as qubits in an optical quantum
computer. As a direct result, unique possibilities for addressing scalability issues are discovered. Since trapped ions already have fundamentally low
levels of coherent error, suppression of that error in a scaled quantum computer requires significantly less error correction. Also, the group demonstrates
an architecture in which more than two entangled qubits could be addressed simultaneously, further expanding the possibility of scaling. Some research
indicates that linear optical systems could contain unexplored features that would greatly increase the feasibility of scalability for quantum ... Show
Properties like this make working with double donor systems much easier. Still, some of the end results of experiments using single–dot schemes have
advanced quantum computing in general, via a combination of multiple schemes. An article by CalderГіn et al., in tandem with other previous
experiments that allow for coherence times near a second, provide a possible solution to avoiding coherent error. The use of a single electron donor for
isolated qubits has one interesting result: CalderГіn describes the unique state when he says "if they form a triplet, selection rules imply a much longer
lived state." This unique situation does not come as a result of double donors, only single. By using only single–dot triplets, it might be possible to
combine the system with others because of its abnormally long coherence time and high accuracy. As discussed, the use of single–dot architecture
could be combined in unique ways with linear optical schemes. [SOURCE] Economou et al. support this idea, stating "[s]pins...have received a great
deal of attention because they interact strongly with light and provide the opportunity for ultrafast all–optical implementation of logical operations."
While the negative implications of that statement, especially in decoherence caused by environmental interaction, have been discussed, there are many
potential benefits as well. Foremost among these is the

Architectures For Scalable Quantum Computation Essay

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