The mid-19th century saw major social, economic, and technological changes with the Industrial Revolution that influenced art and architecture. Artists began focusing on realistic depictions of everyday life, especially the working classes, informed by theories like Marxism, Darwinism, and positivism. This led to the development of realist styles like Courbet's in France and Eakins' in the US. New engineering technologies allowed ambitious projects like the Eiffel Tower and Brooklyn Bridge. The Arts and Crafts movement sought to preserve craftsmanship and dignity of labor. Manet's Luncheon on the Grass was a transition to Impressionism's interest in fleeting reality over academic ideals.
Realism in France during the XIX century Courbet and his paintings. The new subjects in art and new features in painting. The hard life of workers and the social theme
Realism in France during the XIX century , the paintings made by DAUMIER and MILLET,New subjects and new themes, Nature and life in the coutryside, the changes with industrialisation, the new working class
Realism in France during the XIX century Courbet and his paintings. The new subjects in art and new features in painting. The hard life of workers and the social theme
Realism in France during the XIX century , the paintings made by DAUMIER and MILLET,New subjects and new themes, Nature and life in the coutryside, the changes with industrialisation, the new working class
Remodeling Strategies for Mid Century HomesJulie Campbell
You can probably think of many cases where interim home-owners “updated” their homes in ways that were insensitive to the original style of the house, requiring later remodeling once again.
Based on experience working on many homes of different vintages, including those designed by Northwest School Architects, Julie Campbell discusses how you can enhance your home’s historic style, yet in ways that work for today’s more open and demanding lifestyle… and in ways that won’t look dated or out-of-context in years to come!
MODERNISM FIRST EMERGED IN THE 1920.THE PROMINENT FIGURES OF THE MOVEMENT ARE LE CORBUSIER ,WALTER GROPIUS AND LUDWIG MIES VAN DER ROHE.
HOWEVER IT WAS NOT UNTIL AFTER THE SECOND WORLD WAR THAT IT GAINED MASS POPULARITY, AFTER MODERNIST PLANNING WAS IMPLEMENTED AS A SOLUTION TO THE PREVIOUS FAILURE OF ARCHITECTURE AND DESIGN TO MEET BASIC SOCIAL NEEDS.
IN THE POST WAR ERA, THE AMBITIONS OF THE MODERNIST AND THEIR” STRONG SENSE OF SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY IS THAT ARCHITECTURE SHOULD RAISE THE LIVING CONDITIONS OF THE MASSES”.
CHARACTERISTICS OF MODERNISM:
THE NOTION THAT "FORM FOLLOW FUNCTION”, EXPRESSED BY FLW,S EARLY MENTOR LOUIS SULLIVAN, MEANING THAT THE RESULT OF DESIGN SHOULD DERIVE DIRECTLY FROM ITS PURPOSE.
SIMPLICITY AND CLARITY OF FORMS AND ELIMINATION OF “UNNECESSARY DETAIL”.
MATERIALS AT GO DEGREES TO EACH OTHER.
VISUAL EXPRESSION OF STRUCTURE (AS OPPOSED TO THE HIDING OF THE STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS)
THE RELATED CONCEPT OF” TRUTH TO MATERIAL”, MEANING THAT THE TRUE NATURE OR NATURAL APPEARANCE OF MATERIAL OUGHT TO BE SEEN RATHER THAN CONCEALED OR ALTERED TO REPRESENT SOMETHING ELSE.
USE OF INDUSTRIALLY PRODUCED MATERIALS; ADOPTION OF THE MACHINE AESTHETICS.
PARTICULARLY IN INTERNATIONAL STYLE MODERNISM, A VISUAL EMPHASIS ON HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL LINES.
This lecture will be a comprehensive overview of the historic art movement of Romanticism in the 17th Century. The influences and pioneers of this movement have been discussed so students can understand the core concepts of Romanticism,
Slideshow complements Gardner's Art Through the Ages (Global) textbooks. Prepared for ART 102 - Montgomery County Community College - Jean Thobaben - Adjunct Instructor.
For Ms. Fuentes 2-D Art 2/3 Class - examples and instructions for the art unit on Serendipity. There will still be surprises or happy accidents in class... :)
Review for AP Art History exam with this brief slidecast comparing NeoClassical painter David with the Romantic painters that follow. For educational purposes ONLY... all images courtesy of Wikipedia Commons.
Images used with permission from Pearson in conjunction with Art History ed. 3 by Stokstad. OK to use for educational purposes only. For Ms. Fuentes AP Art History class....
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
What is the purpose of the Sabbath Law in the Torah. It is interesting to compare how the context of the law shifts from Exodus to Deuteronomy. Who gets to rest, and why?
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
3. 1848-1860s - Economy
• Three class system
– capitalists --> centralized economic control
– laborers--> poor education & living conditions
– middle class --> “laissez-faire”
4. Tenement Interior in Poverty Gap, an English Coal Heaver’s Home, Jacob Riis, 1889.
Published study in NY called How the Other Half Lives
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SZl4KXsaKVE
5. Social Realism &
PhotoJournalism
Mathew Brady, Civil War photographer…generals, battlefields...
6. Realism: Social & Political Equality
• Marx’ theory of
communism
• Darwin theory of evolution
• Comte: positivism…all
knowledge comes from
tested scientific proof
7. Eiffel Tower, Gustav Eiffel,
Paris, 1889, iron.
Taller than Notre Dame and
other buildings in Paris.
Created for 1889 Worlds Fair
8. Brooklyn Bridge
John Augustus and Washington
Augustus Roebling, NY, 1867-1883
• Greatest construction
achievement of era.
• Roebling, German
Immigrant, had major
breakthrough in
suspension bridge
technology (web truss).
9. Realism & Role of Art
– Role of Artist:
• no longer to simply reveal beautiful & sublime
• aimed to tell the truth
• not beholden to higher, reality (i.e., God)
– Subjects:
• ordinary events and objects
• working class & broad panorama of society
• “Show me an angel, and I’ll paint you one…”
10. Realism in France: Courbet (1850)
The Stonebreakers, 1850
Miserable job; socialist ideals; Monumentality of everyday -Self educated artist, SALON REJECT …
11. Millet’s The Gleaners (c. 1857)
•Barbizon School of
French painting
•Poorest of the
poor, picking up
scraps of grain
•Figures become
part of landscape
•Haystacks and
wagon reflect
shapes of gleaners
•Seen as socialist
painting
12. Rosa Bonheur’s Plowing on the Ninverais (c. 1850)
Influenced by Positivism.. Large canvas, virtues of simple country living in a
sweeping panorama… noted animal painter who fought for women’s rights
13. Daumier’s Third Class Carriage (c. 1865)
Influence of William
Hogarth
Daumier was jailed for
satirizing king political
cartoon
Dignity of working class,
even though crammed
together in mass
transportation
1st piece showing
dehumanizing mass
transport
14. US Realism: Eakins’ The Gross Clinic (c. 1875)
Triangular composition with
Baroque lighting
Noted anatomist who taught
anatomy & figure drawing,
pioneered letting black and female
students study and draw nudes
15. Henry O. Tanner The Banjo Lesson, 1883
•American realist taught by Eakins
•1st noted black painter
•Painterly brushwork,
monumental forms
•Dignity of exchange between
generations; answers ugly
stereotypes of African Americans
•Unsentimental yet affectionate
16. US Realism: Winslow Homer’s The Lifeline
•Homer
began as
freelance
illustrator
Spent a year
on N. Sea
Coast of
England
•Sketches of
an actual
event
17. John Singer Sargent’s Madame X, 1988
•American portrait artist much
sought after in US and Europe
•This portrait caused a scandal in
the Paris salon of 1888
•Sargent moved to England and
painted quasi impressionist
•Captured personality of his
subjects
•Painterly brushwork, outstanding
capture of clothing/fashions
18. English – Pre-Raphaelites: the anti-Realists
• Dante Gabriel Rosetti - poet
& painter
• Returned to more Venetian
styles; influenced
Symbolism
• Medieval stories &
spirituality
“I have been here before,
But when or how I cannot tell:
I know the grass beyond the
door,
The sweet keen smell,
The sighing sound, the lights
around the shore.”
The Roman Widow, Rosetti, 1848
19.
20. English Realism – Arts and Crafts
• Ruskin - loss of fine craft
through Industrialization
• Movement leader: Morris,
ardent socialist, poet, artist
• Dehumanized factory labor;
loss of pride in work…
search for nature
• Female artisans in metal
working, textile arts, etc.
• Morris worked w/PRB artists
like Rosetti and Burne-Jones
Flora Tapestry, 1885, William Morris
21. US Arts and Crafts Movement
• In US,: home design, furniture,
and ceramics – still in use today
• Stickley furniture (Mission
Style) -buy today !
• Home Depot Authentic Mission
Style Lighting Collection
• Simplicity, Honesty, Truth
• Emphasizing wood grain
Mission Media Cabinet, Walnut,
Target, Assembly Required,
$159.99
22. ÉDOUARD MANET, Le Déjeuner sur l’Herbe (Luncheon on the Grass), 1863. 22
24. Manet Transition to
Impressionism
Impressionists
more
interested in
fleeting nature
of reality
Editor's Notes
When do Art Historians think Modernism began? Well, they don’t all agree, but most will say that Realism was definitely part of modernism. Modern ways of thought and interpreting the human experience through art began by the mid 19th century. The role of the artist changes as technology and society experience dramatic changes.
Dramatic changes were underway in Europe, and to some extent, the United States. The end of the Napoleonic wars in the mid 1800s allowed for economic growth and the rise of a capitalistic economy. New technology changed the society from agricultural to urban. Trains carried people easily for long distances, and cities grew, helped by the use of iron in building. Photography also gave humanity a new way to document reality, which also changed the role of the traditional artist.
Photographers and artists however, were interested in the difficulties faced by the new laboring class, who struggled to survive in the laissez faire attitude of this time period.
The plight of the urban poor was quite extreme. Immigrants moved to the large cities to work in factories, but living and working conditions were terrible in many places. Major thinkers of the day were Darwin, Comte, and Marx as science was applied to social issues. Photographers and painters exposed the daily life of the hard working laborers.
The first World’s Fair celebrated the technological advances of the time. The Eiffel Tower graced the Fair entrance, symbolizing unity as people worked together to build this tall, iron structure.
In New York city, major advances in suspension bridge technology helped Augustus and Roebling build the Brooklyn Bridge, which is still used today by millions.
In this time period, artists and photographers were no longer interested in classical traditions. Courbet famously said: “Show me an angel, and I’ll paint you one.” Realists wanted to show daily life around them, not mystical angels or Greek Gods. In France, painters such as Daumier, Courbet, and Bonheur showed us nobility and dignity in ordinary events and people.
Courbet gave us the Stonebreakers with their back-breaking labor. Courbet was rejected by the Salon for portraying everyday workers, but went on to become one of the most successful artists of his generation.
Jean Francois Millet’s The Gleaners has the poorest of the poor picking up scraps of grain that are leftover from the harvest. This was seen as a socialist painting at the time. His contemporary, Rosa Bonheur
Bonheur fought for women’s rights and animal rights, and became one of the most noted animal painters in France. She was scandalous because she wore trousers and went out into the farm fields to study animals.
Daumier was an illustrator and political cartoonist, who made many social criticisms through his artwork. He actually went to jail for making fun of the King. In this piece, he shows the dehumanizing nature of mass transportation.
Across the pond, realists were not so involved in social issues but were interested in every day life. Thomas Eakins was one of these. He taught anatomy to art students and figure drawing to medical students, and here documents a dissection in a medical school. He also pioneered letting black and female students study art and draw nudes.
Henry Tanner answered the ugly stereotypes about African Americans with unsentimental yet dignified paintings like The Banjo Lesson. Tanner was one of few African American painters in the U.S.
Homer documented a real life rescue at sea, as well as being a magazine illustrator.
Sargent was a famous portrait painter who was interested in capturing the psychological nature of his subjects. His portrait of Madame X caused a scandal in Paris with her haughty pose and expression.
Not everyone was a realist.. The Pre Raphaelite Brotherhood looked back to the Venetian Renaissance for style and medieval times for subjects.
The Pre-Raphaelite brotherhood was closely involved with the arts and crafts movement in furniture, textile, and metal arts. William Morris led a return to handcrafted furniture, textiles, in response to what he saw as a lot of mass produced crap.
You can see the Arts and Crafts style today in Home Depot, Target, and so forth with simple, clean designs. Ironically, most of todays Mission Style or Arts and Crafts Style are mass produced in China.
Manet is often confused with Monet, and maybe because they exhibited together. Manet started out as a Realist but became more of an Impressionist, after causing a lot of uproar with his modern painting, Luncheon on the Grass. He did not understand the controversy, as Giorgione’s Pastoral Concert was his inspiration.
Manet later would become more Impressionistic as he organized exhibits for artists rejected by the Paris Salon. I will leave you with one question, which truly gets to the nature of Modern Art. Who is the man in the mirror? And who are you?