Electrical Engineer Job Duties: Evaluates electrical systems, products, components, and applications by designing and conducting research programs; applying knowledge of electricity and materials. Confirms system's and components' capabilities by designing testing methods; testing properties.

1. Instrumentation
&
Measurements

3. Upon Completion of the course, the students will be able to:-
a. Define Characteristics of Instrumentation and Measurements.
b. Define Types of Errors and Carry out Error Analysis
c. Differentiate between Units and Dimensions and Carry out Dimensional Analysis
d. Explain various types of Standards of Measurements and Measurement Methods,
and carry out Statistical Analysis.
e. Explain Different types of Measuring Instruments and Calculate Various Parameters.
f. Perform Resistance, Inductance, Capacitance, and frequency Measurements using
Bridge Circuits.
g. Discuss working of Electronic Instruments
h. Explain Working of Various Types of Display Devices, including Oscilloscopes, Plotters,
and Spectrum Analyzers.
i. Design Signal Conditioning Circuits
J. Explain various Types of Sensors, and Design Data Acquisition System.
K. Discuss working of High Voltage Measurement Systems.

7. Instrument : Tool or equipment for
• Sensing
• Detecting
• Measuring
• Recording
• Controlling
• Communicating

9. Instruments used in Industry
• Process instrumentation and –analytics for the
pharmaceutical and life science industries
• Pressure Measurement
• Temperature Measurement
• Flow Measurement
• Level Measurement
• Valve Positioning
• Weighing Technology
• Gas Analytics
• Industrial Communication

10. •Elements of a
generalized
measurement
system

16. Part-2

17. Characteristics of
Instruments and
Measurement
Systems

18. Performance Characteristics of measurement systems
• A knowledge of the performance characteristics of
instruments is very important for selecting the most
appropriate instrument for a specific measuring job.
• It consists of two characteristics: namely ‘static’ and
‘dynamic’ characteristics.

21. •Static
characteristics

22. Static Performance of Instrument
• The following terms specify the static characteristics of
the measuring systems and devices:
1. Accuracy 10. Scale Readability 19. Linearity
2. Precision 11. Stability 20. Instrument
Hysteresis
3. Bias 12. Zero Stability 21. Dead Time
4. Repeatability 13. Resolution 22. Dead Zone
5. Tolerance 14. Responsiveness 23. Friction
6. Reliability 15. Drift 24. Backlash
7. Deviation 16. Uncertainty 25. Overshoot
8. Scale Span 17. Static Sensitivity
9. Live Zero 18. Instrument
Efficiency

23. Accuracy
• The only time a measurement can be exactly
correct is when it is a count of a number of
items.
• In all other cases there will be difference
between the true value and the measured value
by an instrument. That is, there will be
measurement error.
* Accuracy refers to the degree of closeness
to the True value of the quantity under
measurement.

27. Precision
Precision is the measure of consistency
or repeatably of measurement.
• Precision is an indicator of the closeness
between repeated readings (Readings do not
have to be close to an expected or true value to be
considered precise, they just need to be close to each other )

29. Resolution
• Resolution is the fineness to which an
instrument can be read.

30. What is the resolution here ?

32. Sensitivity
• Sensitivity is the smallest unit of a given
parameter that can be meaningfully
detected with the instrument when used
under reasonable conditions.
• For example, assume the sensitivity of a DMM in
the volts function is 100 nV. With this sensitivity,
the DMM can detect a 100 nV change in the
input voltage.

37. Sensitivity to disturbance

43. •Dynamic
characteristics