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Packet Design




Easing the IPv4-to-IPv6 Transition
      with Route Analytics

                  Alex Henthorn-Iwane
                  Vice-President, Product Marketing
                  alex@packetdesign.com
Complex IP Network Behavior is
                                                      Packet Design
  Unpredictable and Difficult to Manage
As Applications and Services Grow More Critical
• More sensitive applications
• Less tolerance for


How Do You Know:
• Which part of the network is
   carrying the application traffic?
• If the network is causing a problem?
• Where in the network to troubleshoot?
• How to accurately plan the network?


Networks Become More Redundant:
• Provide greater fault tolerance
• But also make it very difficult to
  understand which routers are delivering
  application or service traffic at any time

Harnessing the Intelligence of IP                 Nov 2006       1
Logical vs. Device-Specific
                                                          Packet Design
 Causes of Application Degradation

    Survey of 188 IT Professionals

    Question: % of application degradations are caused
     by logical vs. device-specific issues?

    Answer: 42% answered that at least half of the time,
     logical network issues were the root cause

            –   Application Delivery Handbook, 2009




Harnessing the Intelligence of IP                     Nov 2006       2
Why Existing Network Management
                                              Packet Design
 Technologies Aren’t Sufficient

Service Monitoring:
• Only looks at the end points
• Doesn’t understand the
  network




SNMP Network Management:
• Only understands device status
• Doesn’t see how devices work together
• Doesn’t understand routing


Harnessing the Intelligence of IP         Nov 2006       3
If IPv4 Networks are Challenging,
                                                     Packet Design
 IPv6 Migration Make Them More So

  Most networks won’t cut over to pure IPv6
 There are important engineering questions that are
   difficult to answer on an ongoing basis:

    Do the right routers and links have IPv6 routing
     enabled?
    Are the right prefixes being advertised where they
     are intended to be?
    Are IPv6 paths functioning as expected?
    Is path redundancy is set up properly?


Harnessing the Intelligence of IP                Nov 2006       4
Route Analytics Technology                                                  Packet Design




    •   Peers with and
        listens passively
        to routing                                                Route Analytics
        protocols to
        learn their view        AS 3 (EIGRP)
        of the network                            BGP
    •   Creates 100%
        accurate model
        of the actual
        routed topology
    •   Records
        complete routing                          BGP           AS 1 (OSPF)
        event history
    •   Understands all
        application traffic                    AS 2 (IS-IS)
        paths at all times
    •   Capable of
                                                              IGP Routing Adjacencies
        modeling
        network changes                                       BGP Route Peerings




Harnessing the Intelligence of IP                                        Nov 2006       5
IGP Routing Analytics                                              Packet Design




    Establish adjacency with one router in each Area
    Records every single routing update
    Creates real-time network map
       •   Created from routing data as up to date as routing in the network
    Precise understanding of traffic paths
       •   Paths are computed using the same procedures as routers, but
           on a network-wide basis




Harnessing the Intelligence of IP                               Nov 2006       6
BGP Route Analytics                                                      Packet Design




    Set up peerings with full I-BGP mesh
       •   Works as Route Reflector client
       •   Part of an RR Cluster
       •   Or a combination
       •   Works with BGP Confederations
    Routing table visualization
    Per BGP attribute routing table breakdown and visualization
    Before and After analysis can highlight what is different
     between a known state of the network and the state in question
       •   This was the feature used in detecting the customer that injected the
           extra routes
    Root cause analysis can process 100,000s of BGP message to
     determine the cause of these events


Harnessing the Intelligence of IP                                     Nov 2006       7
Integrated IGP and BGP Network Map   Packet Design




All Routers and Links
   Orange and magenta
    are different OSPF
    areas
   Lines are routing
    adjacencies
   Blue are BGP speakers
   Red elements are down

Path Tracing
   Yellow is a forward path
    between two routers,
    green is the reverse




Harnessing the Intelligence of IP    Nov 2006       8
How Route Analytics Aids IPv6 Transition:
                                                                     Packet Design
 Network-Wide Visualization and Analysis

    Engineers can see IPv4 and IPv6 routing topologies
       •   Can display just IPv4 or IPv6 routing topology
       •   Visual validation of expected network state
    Trace precise v4 or v6 paths
       •   Select source router and destination prefix
       •   Route analytics shows which path will be taken through network
    Network-wide prefix inventory
       •   Ensure that v6 address blocks are allocated to the right routers




Harnessing the Intelligence of IP                                Nov 2006       9
Dual-Stack IPv4/IPv6 Network
                                                                       Packet Design
 As Visualized by Route Analytics




Harnessing the Intelligence of IP       Packet Design, Inc.        Nov 2006      10
                                    Proprietary and Confidential
Real-Time Routing Details Recorded
                                                                       Packet Design
 by Route Analytics




Harnessing the Intelligence of IP       Packet Design, Inc.        Nov 2006      11
                                    Proprietary and Confidential
Drill-Down Routing Details             Packet Design




Harnessing the Intelligence of IP   Nov 2006      12
Packet Design




Harnessing the Intelligence of IP       Packet Design, Inc.        Nov 2006      13
                                    Proprietary and Confidential
How Route Analytics Aids IPv6 Transition:
                                                                 Packet Design
 Re-windable Routing History

    Route analytics records all routing events and
     changes, and stores it as a rewindable history
    Engineers can rewind to a particular point in time
     and view the precise state of the network at that time
       •   Before and after analysis between two points in time shows
           exactly what changed in routing when a network problem was
           occurring
    All other tools available in the real-time view can be
     used in historical mode
       •   Visualization
       •   Path tracing
       •   Prefix inventory


Harnessing the Intelligence of IP                            Nov 2006      14
How Route Analytics Aids IPv6 Transition:
                                                                    Packet Design
 More Accurate Change Processes

    Route analytics can model routing changes
       •   Enabling a new IPv6 router
       •   Adding new IPv6 prefixes
       •   Adding new links
       •   Downing routers or links for maintenance or to anticipate a
           possible disaster recovery failure scenario
       •   Moving prefixes from one router to another
    Simulate network-wide behavior that would result
       •   Model a change and trace a critical service path to ensure that
           service would not be impacted
    “Freeze time” and observe real-time changes
       •   Routing summary snapshot can be “frozen” and viewed in
           parallel with real-time update during change window

Harnessing the Intelligence of IP                               Nov 2006      15
Who’s Using Route Analytics?                                       Packet Design




    Hundreds of global organizations across many
     industry verticals
       •   SPs, Mobile Operators, Cable MSOs
       •   Fiserv, Energy, Utility, Pharma, Healthcare, Manufacturing,
           Retail, Media/Entertainment, etc.
       •   Local, Municipal, State, Federal Govt, Military Agencies,
           Education
    Dual-Stack IPv4/IPv6 Route Analytics
       •   Major carrier, ISPs in Japan
       •   European SPs
       •   U.S. Military/Defense agencies



Harnessing the Intelligence of IP                               Nov 2006      16

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10 fn s47

  • 1. Packet Design Easing the IPv4-to-IPv6 Transition with Route Analytics Alex Henthorn-Iwane Vice-President, Product Marketing alex@packetdesign.com
  • 2. Complex IP Network Behavior is Packet Design Unpredictable and Difficult to Manage As Applications and Services Grow More Critical • More sensitive applications • Less tolerance for How Do You Know: • Which part of the network is carrying the application traffic? • If the network is causing a problem? • Where in the network to troubleshoot? • How to accurately plan the network? Networks Become More Redundant: • Provide greater fault tolerance • But also make it very difficult to understand which routers are delivering application or service traffic at any time Harnessing the Intelligence of IP Nov 2006 1
  • 3. Logical vs. Device-Specific Packet Design Causes of Application Degradation  Survey of 188 IT Professionals  Question: % of application degradations are caused by logical vs. device-specific issues?  Answer: 42% answered that at least half of the time, logical network issues were the root cause – Application Delivery Handbook, 2009 Harnessing the Intelligence of IP Nov 2006 2
  • 4. Why Existing Network Management Packet Design Technologies Aren’t Sufficient Service Monitoring: • Only looks at the end points • Doesn’t understand the network SNMP Network Management: • Only understands device status • Doesn’t see how devices work together • Doesn’t understand routing Harnessing the Intelligence of IP Nov 2006 3
  • 5. If IPv4 Networks are Challenging, Packet Design IPv6 Migration Make Them More So  Most networks won’t cut over to pure IPv6 There are important engineering questions that are difficult to answer on an ongoing basis:  Do the right routers and links have IPv6 routing enabled?  Are the right prefixes being advertised where they are intended to be?  Are IPv6 paths functioning as expected?  Is path redundancy is set up properly? Harnessing the Intelligence of IP Nov 2006 4
  • 6. Route Analytics Technology Packet Design • Peers with and listens passively to routing Route Analytics protocols to learn their view AS 3 (EIGRP) of the network BGP • Creates 100% accurate model of the actual routed topology • Records complete routing BGP AS 1 (OSPF) event history • Understands all application traffic AS 2 (IS-IS) paths at all times • Capable of IGP Routing Adjacencies modeling network changes BGP Route Peerings Harnessing the Intelligence of IP Nov 2006 5
  • 7. IGP Routing Analytics Packet Design  Establish adjacency with one router in each Area  Records every single routing update  Creates real-time network map • Created from routing data as up to date as routing in the network  Precise understanding of traffic paths • Paths are computed using the same procedures as routers, but on a network-wide basis Harnessing the Intelligence of IP Nov 2006 6
  • 8. BGP Route Analytics Packet Design  Set up peerings with full I-BGP mesh • Works as Route Reflector client • Part of an RR Cluster • Or a combination • Works with BGP Confederations  Routing table visualization  Per BGP attribute routing table breakdown and visualization  Before and After analysis can highlight what is different between a known state of the network and the state in question • This was the feature used in detecting the customer that injected the extra routes  Root cause analysis can process 100,000s of BGP message to determine the cause of these events Harnessing the Intelligence of IP Nov 2006 7
  • 9. Integrated IGP and BGP Network Map Packet Design All Routers and Links  Orange and magenta are different OSPF areas  Lines are routing adjacencies  Blue are BGP speakers  Red elements are down Path Tracing  Yellow is a forward path between two routers, green is the reverse Harnessing the Intelligence of IP Nov 2006 8
  • 10. How Route Analytics Aids IPv6 Transition: Packet Design Network-Wide Visualization and Analysis  Engineers can see IPv4 and IPv6 routing topologies • Can display just IPv4 or IPv6 routing topology • Visual validation of expected network state  Trace precise v4 or v6 paths • Select source router and destination prefix • Route analytics shows which path will be taken through network  Network-wide prefix inventory • Ensure that v6 address blocks are allocated to the right routers Harnessing the Intelligence of IP Nov 2006 9
  • 11. Dual-Stack IPv4/IPv6 Network Packet Design As Visualized by Route Analytics Harnessing the Intelligence of IP Packet Design, Inc. Nov 2006 10 Proprietary and Confidential
  • 12. Real-Time Routing Details Recorded Packet Design by Route Analytics Harnessing the Intelligence of IP Packet Design, Inc. Nov 2006 11 Proprietary and Confidential
  • 13. Drill-Down Routing Details Packet Design Harnessing the Intelligence of IP Nov 2006 12
  • 14. Packet Design Harnessing the Intelligence of IP Packet Design, Inc. Nov 2006 13 Proprietary and Confidential
  • 15. How Route Analytics Aids IPv6 Transition: Packet Design Re-windable Routing History  Route analytics records all routing events and changes, and stores it as a rewindable history  Engineers can rewind to a particular point in time and view the precise state of the network at that time • Before and after analysis between two points in time shows exactly what changed in routing when a network problem was occurring  All other tools available in the real-time view can be used in historical mode • Visualization • Path tracing • Prefix inventory Harnessing the Intelligence of IP Nov 2006 14
  • 16. How Route Analytics Aids IPv6 Transition: Packet Design More Accurate Change Processes  Route analytics can model routing changes • Enabling a new IPv6 router • Adding new IPv6 prefixes • Adding new links • Downing routers or links for maintenance or to anticipate a possible disaster recovery failure scenario • Moving prefixes from one router to another  Simulate network-wide behavior that would result • Model a change and trace a critical service path to ensure that service would not be impacted  “Freeze time” and observe real-time changes • Routing summary snapshot can be “frozen” and viewed in parallel with real-time update during change window Harnessing the Intelligence of IP Nov 2006 15
  • 17. Who’s Using Route Analytics? Packet Design  Hundreds of global organizations across many industry verticals • SPs, Mobile Operators, Cable MSOs • Fiserv, Energy, Utility, Pharma, Healthcare, Manufacturing, Retail, Media/Entertainment, etc. • Local, Municipal, State, Federal Govt, Military Agencies, Education  Dual-Stack IPv4/IPv6 Route Analytics • Major carrier, ISPs in Japan • European SPs • U.S. Military/Defense agencies Harnessing the Intelligence of IP Nov 2006 16