Analysis Of Database Management And Information Retrieval...

Analysis of Database Management and Information Retrieval...
1.Functions of a Database Management System
Database Management System (DBMS)Information Retrieval System (IRS)
Storage, Access And Provide
DBMS provide services such as storage, access and update data in the database.Acquisition of the necessary and appropriate documents.
Provide Free Catalog
DBMS provides a catalog that contains information about the data and catalogs that can be accessed by users.Preparation and representation of the
content of those in documents.
Supports Transactions
The transaction is a unit of work that contains several commands up–date the data.Coding of the content indicators.
Concurrency control
Database Management System (DBMS) to ensure accurate updated database correctly if many users update the database simultaneously.Organized
storage of those documents and their indicators in separate files.
Recovery From Failure System
Database Management System (DBMS) provides facilities to restore the database in the event of damageDevelopment of operational search strategies.
Authorization Services
The facility is to ensure that the right people are allowed to achieve its data.Physical dissemination of the retrieval result.
Utility Services
Facilities for maintaining databases through data editing, deletion of records, build new files and so on.
Integrity Services
Change data must follow the constraints or conditions that have been determined. This facility is to maintain data consistency.
2. 0Differences between
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Concerns Regarding Public Cloud Services
Many concerns pertaining mostly to public cloud services restrain the movement of the organisation towards this new business model and gaining
benefits aforementioned. Moving to cloud computing services means renting off–premise IT resources that are managed by the cloud provider. This
raises several questions and concerns such as: what are cloud providers ' procedures to extit{protect data } from destructive forces (e.g. fire, flood,
earthquake) and to extit{secure it} from unwanted actions of unauthorised users? , Is there any guarantee on extit{cloud services availability} on–line
without power cut? , and what about if cloud provider decide to extit{ discontinue cloud service?}. Furthermore, the risk of extit{vendor lock–in}
where customer unable to shift business data and application interaction into another cloud provider 's services without substantial switching costs.
More specifically, each cloud provider requires a particular Application Programming Interface (API) that imposes on cloud customers to develop their
applications in a certain way to interact with their cloud services. Thus, moving to another provider thrusts customer to re–develop its applications
based on the new cloud provider 's API requirement. Finally, data storage is growing very fast due to the increasing reliance on information especially
for business. This growth of data storage requires increasing of IT budget to maximise IT resources including: storage entities, cooling systems,

Mis 535 Course Paper
James Douglas
October 12, 2009
MIS–535–17435
Professor Nolan Johnson
Course Project
Table of Content
1. Abstract
2. Brief Company background
3. Discussion of business problem(s)
4. High level solution
5. Benefits of solving the problem
6. Business/technical approach
7. Business process changes
8. Technology or business practices used to augment the solution
9. Conclusions and overall recommendations
10. High–level implementation plan
11. Summary of project
References
Abstract
The world is changing daily and many companies are looking to develop ways to save on production and hardware. The idea of having a system that
allows a company to store files away from the main server will help a company to store more and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The issue that I have notice is Mimeo does not use technology such as cloud computing. With server slowing down, it causes work to slow down and
sometime data becomes missing
Cloud computing comes into focus only when you think about what IT always needs: a way to increase capacity or add capabilities on the fly without

investing in new infrastructure, training new personnel, or licensing new software. Cloud computing encompasses any subscription–based or
pay–per–use service that, in real time over the Internet, extends IT's existing capabilities. (Knorr, Gruman) With cloud computing, the company can
save on time with the system not becoming overwhelming. I have talked to people in the IT department and every six months they have to dump
old files to free space on the main server. Because of this, sometimes the system, our production tools, slows down and causes a chain of decrease
work. A lot of the time, the server has to be service because of the increase of files. Due to the fact that our facility is the hub or central located
facility, our server is overwhelmed with many files.
High level solution
For some computer owners, finding enough storage space to hold all the data they've acquired is a real challenge. Some people invest in larger hard
drives. Others prefer external storage devices like thumb drives or compact discs. Desperate computer owners might delete

Essay on Systems Arch
Solutions Manual for Systems Architecture, Fourth Edition
Stephen Burd
Chapter 1
Systems Architecture: An Introduction
Vocabulary Exercises
1. Students of computer science generally focus on system software, while students of information systems generally focus on application software.
2. Configuration of hardware and system software occurs during the systems implementation phase of the SDLC.
3. Professional organizations with which an information systems student or professional should be familiar include Association for Computing
Machinery (ACM), Association for Information Technology Professionals (AITP), and Institute for Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Computer ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
8. A program that solves a(n) formulaic problem requires no branching instructions.
9. The primary components of a CPU are the control unit, arithmetic logic unit, and a set of registers.
10. Primary storage may also be called main memory and is generally implemented using random access memory (RAM).
11. A set of instructions that is executed to solve a specific problem is called a(n) algorithm or program.
12. A(n) supercomputer typically is implemented with the latest and most expensive technology.
13. A(n) input/output (I/O) unit is a hardware device that enables a computer system to communicate with humans or other computers.

14. A CPU is a(n) general–purpose processor capable of performing many different tasks by simply changing the program.
15. The system bus is the "plumbing" that connects all computer system components.
16. The CPU executes program instructions one at a time.
17. The term systems architecture describes a computer system's components and the interaction among them.
18. Most programs are written in a programming language such as C or Java, which is then translated into an equivalent set of CPU instructions.
19. Resource allocation and direct hardware control is the responsibility of a(n) operating system.
20. System software is general purpose. Application software is specialized to a specific user need.
21. A(n) computer network is a set of hardware and software

Nt1310 Unit 7 Memory Paper
Quiz 3
This is an individual assignment. You must work alone to complete this quiz. It is important that you complete all readings and videos prior to
attempting the quiz. The completed quiz must be submitted in appropriate assignment folder by the due date and time. Please see the Syllabus >
Course Schedule. This quiz is valued at 5 points (5% of course grade).
1.List and describe at least three factors that distinguish storage devices.
Speed– of fast the storage device can read and/or write data
Volatility– if the device loses power will the information be erased.
Cost and capacity – cost per unit, such as cost per GB, is also used to distinguish between devices.
2.What is the relationship between RAM and the CPU?
The CPU does ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
On shutdown items stored in the memory are wiped away.
6.List and describe at least three types of storage that is typically included in all computer systems.
RAM– Volatile and can be read/wrote to.
Rom– Non–Volatile and can only be read, Fastest of the three.
HDD– Non–volatile can be read/wrote to, slowest of the three.
7.What is the difference between cache and conventional memory?
Cache memory is the fastest memory outside of the CPU, runs at 10–30 ns per access.
Conventional memory is a combination of ROM+RAM and runs at 50–100 ns per access.

8.What is the fastest type of storage, how fast does it work, and where is located?
The fastest type of storage is the CPU memory and it is located in the CPU. It runs about 1 ns per access.
9.Describe three factors that determine the size of RAM?
The number of bit words that it can store.
The length of the bit words.
Architecture of the memory, Ex ddr 2, ddr 3
10.List and describe at least two commonly used approaches to improve memory performance.
Two common approaches to improving memory performance are cache memory and virtual

Advances in Data Storage Technology
Advances in Data Storage Technology Contents I. Introduction3 II. Purpose of storage4 III. Hierarchy of storage6 A. Primary storage6 B. Secondary
storage7 C. Tertiary storage7 D. Off–line storage8 IV. Characteristics of storage9 A. Volatility9 B. Mutability9 C. Accessibility10 D. Addressability10
E. Capacity11 F. Performance11 G. Energy use11 V. Fundamental storage technologies12 A. Semiconductor12 B. Magnetic12 C. Optical13 D. Paper14
E. Uncommon14 VI. Related technologies17 A. Network... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Generally, the lower a storage is in the hierarchy, the lesser its bandwidth and the greater its access latency is from the CPU. This traditional division
of storage to primary, secondary, tertiary and off–line storage is also guided by cost per bit. III. Hierarchy of storage A. Primary storage: Primary
storage (or main memory or internal memory), often referred to simply as memory, is the only one directly accessible to the CPU. The CPU
continuously reads instructions stored there and executes them as required. Any data actively operated on is also stored there in uniform manner.
Historically, early computers used delay lines, Williams's tubes, or rotating magnetic drums as primary storage. By 1954, those unreliable methods were
mostly replaced by magnetic core memory. Core memory remained dominant until the 1970s, when advances in integrated circuit technology allowed
semiconductor memory to become economically competitive. This led to modern random–access memory (RAM). It is small–sized, light, but quite
expensive at the same time. (The particular types of RAM used for primary storage are also volatile, i.e. they lose the information when not powered).
As the RAM types used for primary storage are volatile (cleared at start up), a computer containing only such storage would not have a source to read
instructions from, in order to start the computer. Hence, non–volatile primary storage containing a small startup

The Four Characteristics And Types Of A Computer
COMPUTER COMPONENTS
The are many types and sizes of a computer. The two main sizes are:
Desktop
Portable (e.g laptops, notebooks) Computer consists of two mayor elements: HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE
Hardware:
Computer hardware is any components you can physically touch. Examples of hardware in a computer are the keyboard, monitor, mouse and the CPU.
Hardware is directed by the software to execute any command or instruction. A combination of software and hardware form a usable computing system.
CPU (Central Processing Unit):
"brain of the computer"
CPU is the computer component that's responsible for interpreting and executing most of the commands from the computer's hardware and software. It
is located on the motherboard.
The clock speed of a processor is number of calculations it can perform in a second, measured in gigahertz (GHz). The higher the speed, the more
calculations it can perform so it makes the computer faster. These are the types of processor:
Intel Processors: dual core, i3, i5, i7 (Intel includes Celeron, Pentium and Core)
AMD Processors: A4, A6, A8, A10 (AMD includes Sempron, Athlon and Phenom)
The world's first CPU was introduced by Intel in 1971, the Intel 4004 which was a 4–bit CPU. All types of devices use a CPU including desktop,
laptop and tablet computers, smartphones.
Intel, AMD, Apple, NVIDIA and Qualcomm are the most popular
CPU manufacturers.
Memory:

Computer memory is any physical device capable of storing information temporarily or

The Big Data Essay
ABSTRACT
The promise of data–driven decision–making is now being recognized broadly, and there is growing enthusiasm for the notion of ``Big Data.'' While
the promise of Big Data is real –– for example, it is estimated that Google alone contributed 54 billion dollars to the US economy in 2009 –– there is
currently a wide gap between its potential and its realization.
Heterogeneity, scale, timeliness, complexity, and privacy problems with Big Data impede progress at all phases of the pipeline that can create value
from data. The problems start right away during data acquisition, when the data tsunami requires us to make decisions, currently in an ad hoc
manner, about what data to keep and what to discard, and how to store what we keep reliably with the right metadata. Much data today is not
natively in structured format; for example, tweets and blogs are weakly structured pieces of text, while images and video are structured for storage
and display, but not for semantic content and search: transforming such content into a structured format for later analysis is a major challenge. We
will find out a way how structured big data can be transformed into unstructured data to increase the performance. Storage price trends have shown
that now a days it's not a big deal to afford storage for big un structured data. As far as performance is concerned, big data manageability in terms of
unstructured data is more efficient. So as far as revenue is concerned this research will provide

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Computer Network
.6 Advantages and Disadvantages of Computer Networks: 7.6.1 Advantages of Computer Networks: Computers are integral part of daily life
today. Organizations use the computer in different fields for different purposes and in different departments. There is a need of transfer and
sharing of data among various departments. Advantages of computers can be as follows. i) Resource Sharing: One of the main goal of computer
network is resource sharing. Resource is an equipment or peripheral or program or a file or a database. Peripherals such as printers, modems and
backup storage devices can be connected and utilized by everyone in the office. Instead of buying a new printer, everyone can share the current
printer. Resources can be categorized into two types: Local Resource: Any hardware device which is placed at the same place where your
computer is placed is known as Local Resource. It can be any peripheral like printer, plotter, scanner, pen drive, blue ray disc, scanner, modem etc.
Remote resource: A remote resource can be defined as a device which is not direct connected to the user's computer. This device can be placed in next
room or may be in another country and can be can be accessed by... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Several hardware devices like cables, hubs, switches, LAN card etc needs to be purchased for small offices and in case the network is big then other
costly network hardware devices like Router, gateways etc also needs to be purchased. Depending on the requirement of data communication speed
expensive high speed leased lines needs to be purchased. After this you have to pay for network installation and maintaining that network. Proper
maintenance of a network requires considerable time and expertise. Many organizations installed network but do not get proper benefits of networking
due lack in administration of

Nt1110 Hard Drive
Hard Drive: A Hard Drive is a data storage device used for storing and retrieving data from the drive. It is also a permanent device. Hard drive is
considered as internal storage. Hard drive is electromagnetic device.
If power of the computer turned off suddenly, the stored data will be saved.
If the hard drive moved to another computer then also the data will not be erased.
RAM: Random Access Memory is a memory that can be accessed randomly. It is used for accessing the current requests from operating system and
application programs so that they can reach the processor easily and quickly.
RAM is faster to read and write compared to another storage device.
RAM does not save the data if the computer is turned off
RAM will be accessed only ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It is also known as Graphic card. Video Card is a printed circuit board and it contains processing unit and memory. The processing unit is GPU
(Graphics Processing Unit) It is mainly used for playing 3D games and movies.
Network Card: Network Interface Card is a n electronic device which connects network to the computer using LAN. It is also known as Ethernet Card.
and uses RJ–45 connector. It is mostly build in motherboard.
CPU: Central Processing Unit process the basic instructions from the computer. Processor is heart of the computer because it tells the computer what to
do and when to do. The priority of the instructions is given by the processor to computer.
CD–ROM: Compact disk read only memory contains audio or data which is read only memory. It stores 650 MB of data.
DVD–ROM:Digital Versatile disk read only memory is used for storing large software applications. It permanently stores the data which is not erased
or over written. It stores more than 4GB of data.
Cache: Cache is a software or hardware component that stores the requests from the processor which are accessed quickly. It accesses RAM. The
cache memory is directly integrated with CPU; it provides the instructions to the processor. It reduces

The Impact Of Cloud Computing And Storage On...
Computer services are normally offered physically. Here the user of the computer can have access to the resources that the computer use. The resources
includes network, storage and operating system. The term cloud computing refers to the offering of such services over the internet. Many companies
offer cloud services and in turn charge for the service that they offer, while others don't. Cyber–forensic investigations have been affected by cloud
computing since the beginning of the cloud. Computer Forensics is based on the investigation of crimes or policy breaches that are done through the
examination of electronics and computers and other storage devices. This paper seeks to access the impact of cloud computing and storage on ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This has significantly reduced the cyber–crimes that were common when the when the user information were being kept in the physical storage location.
The security level are different for the user and the cloud services provider. At the highest level the cloud provider makes sure the information of
the user is kept safe while in the lower level individuals must make sure their credentials required in order to log into the cloud are kept secret. In
case of a breach, cloud services providers will not be responsible the mishandled logins since they are not in position to identify who the real user of
the service is. Therefore, as long as the correct log in is provided, anyone could access a cloud account. Accessing the cloud with someone else's
credentials is an indication of how easy it actually has become for criminals to get what they want. Hackers identify loop holes such as this to access
the information and the data. In order to conceal their acts they put on measures that will protect them from being identified.
The impacts of cloud computing has touched almost every area of Information Technology. The information kept in the cloud is private and
confidential and protected by laws that regulate it and protects it. The cloud providers faces laws that relate to the preservation of critical information
touching on taxes, security, and sometime employment regulations. Also in other circumstances, they are forced to comply with laws requiring them to
destroy such

Essay On Green Computing
Green IT
Green IT, also called as green computing, is the study and practice of creating, engineering, using, and disposing of electronic devices such as servers,
computers, and associated subsystems – like printers, monitors, storage devices, networking, and storage devices, and communications systems
–effectively and efficiently with negligible or no impact on the environment. thus, green IT involves software assets, hardware assets, tools, approaches,
and practices which can help to enhance and provide environmental sustainability.
Since all corporations are reliant on IT for resourceful operation, the encouragement to make their IT processes more effective offers a chance to also
decrease energy usage. They understand that the best way ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Hence, the most instantaneous solution is decrease in consumption of energy by cultivating energy effectiveness in all segments of the economy and
lessening wastage of energy, which simultaneously leads to reduce carbon footprints so the part of IT is very decisive in this respect. IT can help
capitalize on the productivity of energy utilization by allowing intelligent schemes for electric power network, management of green buildings,
transport, and living style. Dematerialization, diminishing the necessity for physical setting up, equipment, and goods with digital technologies,
decreases the utilization of resources. IT subsidizes to reducing the petition for transport and logistics by eвЂђcommerce, telecommuting,
eвЂђgovernment, and video conferencing. For instance, the Connected Nation, a US nonвЂђprofit technology support group, evaluates that a 7
percent rise in adoption of broadband in the USA could comprise $18 million in carbon credits related with 3.2 billion pounds less CO2 emission per
year.(Lee, Park, and Trimi 2013) 3.2.1 Why green computing?
Green IT empower organizations to handle the challenges of climate change by giving
Chances to think differently and discover innovative ideas
Generate platforms with low cost for development and lessen compliance budgets and risks
Includes the whole eco–system of an association and provide both technology and business inventions which helps in mitigating the carbon emissions
by acting more intelligently
Green IT

Essential Parts of Computer and How It Works
Contents II.Introduction2 III.Computers2 A.CPU2 B.Memory storage3 1.Primary storage3 2.Secondary storage4 C.Peripherals8 1.Ink–jets
(bubble–jets) printers8 2.Laserjet printers9 IV.Connecting To Internet10 V.Conclusion12 VI.Reference List13
*
Introduction
Nowadays, running business in 20th century means that you got to be clever about technology. When companies are striving for higher achievements
and more–efficient workability, innovation is what everyone craving for. That's the spot where technology shoots.
Computer is one essential breed of our modern technology. However, while the majority of people know how to use computer, they don't know how the
machine works; the technical stuff. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Cache
Cache located between CPU and RAM. It is a high–speed memory that accelerates CPU to exchange information from RAM (Shelly, et al, 2008).
Cache works in a frequently accessible files and programs in the computer so it can be processed in shorter time. For example, a secretary's computer
which used for typing a lot will have its word–processing program opened faster than the other staffs' computer.
Secondary storage * Stokes (2008) states that secondary storage is used for saving files and information in the matter of capacity. When programs are
installed into the computer or files are inserted, secondary memory is the place where all the stuffs are put into. It gives information about how much
computer can store data in its system. Files, programs, and other stuffs that put in secondary storage are saved permanently in the system. So, when the
computer is off, the stuffs will stay at the same state and condition without having any lost parts.
Picture 2.1 Secondary storage works like cloth drawers for computers. As long as there is a space, it is fine to put more things. Image source: http:/
/corriehaffly.wordpress.com
There are various forms of secondary storage. Some attached in CPU and some is separated from computer. These are the kinds of it.
Hard Disk
Picture 2.2 Physical appearance of a hard disk. Image source:

Nt1310 Unit 5 Components
Question 1
The five components found inside a system unit are as follows:
Hard drive
Definition– is a data storage device used for storing and retrieving digital information.
Function– responsible for storing all documents and data, including files, the operating system and more.
Central Processing Unit
Definition– piece of hardware that carries out the instructions of a computer program.
Function– performs the basic arithmetical, logical, and input/ output operations.
Power Supply
Definition– computers need power to function.
Function– is to convert the outlet voltage to voltages that are used by components in the computer.
Fan
Definition– a large fan is often placed on top of the Central Processing Unit.
Function– it avoids overheating. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Some operating systems for desktop computers and mobile/ handheld devices include:
Desktop computersMobile/ handheld devices
Microsoft Windows
Apple Mac OS X
Linux
Google Android
Windows Phone
Apple iOS
Question 3
Wired network uses cables to connect devices to the internet, however, wireless network uses radio waves to devices to connect internet. The major
differences between wired network and wireless network are as follows:

The media and devices involved in setting up such networks:
Wireless setup Wired setup Question 4
A computer without a memory is of no use since memory plans an important role in saving and retrieving data. There are two types of memory:
Primary memory– is internal memory of the computer. It provides main working space to the computer.
Random Access Memory (RAM) – the storage of data and instructions inside the primary storage is temporary. It disappears from the RAM as soon as
the power to the computer is

Computer Storage History
Computers are amazing. They allow us to play games, take notes, watch movies, and even design buildings. In order to do these things we need a
way to access it in the form of computer storage. Computer storage is a fundamental component of a computer, it allows us to save and load things.
Storage is space in a computer where data is to be processed and instructions required for processing are stored. There are two units of memory
which is primary storage and secondary storage. Primary storage is the immediate access store where programs are located while they are running.
Secondary storage is used to hold data that is not currently being executed. There are several different types of memory that our computer uses such
as registers, cache, and tertiary storage. For the purpose of this essay, we will go over the history or memory. We will focus on the memories past,
where it started and the early advancements. We will also talk about memories present, and how it is used today. Lastly, we will go over the future of
memory and how memory is advancing.
First, we will talk about the memory's past how it started, what are some things that got us to where we are today. Memory started off all the way
back to the ancient Egyptians where they would record hieroglyphs. When it came to computers, storage started off as more of a physical object than
digital. Memory was in the form of paper with holes punched in it to store information called punched cards. The computer would read the

Cmgt 442 Week 4 Individual Assignment Outsourcing Risks...
Outsourcing Risks
Name
Course
Date
Instructor
Outsourcing Risks
Outsourcing has become an integral part of many organizations today. Outsourcing has its advantages and disadvantages that organizations will have to
weigh to decide whether or not outsourcing is the best possible solution to their current problems and business operations. Outsourcing refers to the
process of hiring external provider to operate on a business or organization function (Venture Outsource, 2012). In this case, two organizations or
businesses enter a contract where there will be an exchange of services and payments. This paper will discuss the possible risks an organization may
encounter in outsourcing in relation to the use of an external service ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Computer Support
Computer support is essential in any organization that uses computers. Employees may be specialized in their specific fields but they are not
necessarily considered computer experts. As such, it is important for an organization to have a body that will support their employees and help them
with their computer problems.
One of the biggest benefits of outsourcing computer support is that it minimizes the time spent by employees fixing their own or co–workers
computers and systems. This improves productivity by increasing their focus on their specific tasks and not worries on how to fix computer problems.
Even though self–support may be a good thing to have, it is advisable for employees to give their full attention to the important tasks at hand.
Additionally, if an employee tries to fix his or others' computers, he may not be following the company's standards and guidelines. Workstations will
always have important or sensitive data in them so it is critical that the organization ensures the third party computer support provider is trustworthy
by reviewing their history and analytical reports and by also retrieving feedbacks from their past and existing clients. Several security policies must be
put into place so that the organization will feel safe that the data within the systems being fixed are not abused in any way or form.
Network Support

Many organizations rely on their

The Four Main Components And History Of Computers
HISTORY OF COMPUTERS
A computer is a programmable electronic device ,it is was designed to accept data,perform mathematical and logical operation with high speed and
display the results of these operation. A computer system is made of 4 main components. And the main components are Input Devices,Output Devices,
Secondary Storage Devices,Processor and Primary Storage Devices. An Input Device is a hardware or a peripheral device used to send data to a
computer. An input device allows users to communicate and feed instructions and data to computers for processing, display, storage and
transmission. And example of input device are Keyboards,Pointing devices ,game controllers, mouse,Audio and video devices. A Output Devices
is any device used to send data from a computer to another device or user. And examples of output device are Examples include monitors,
projectors, speakers, headphones and printers. A Secondary Storage Devices is are primarily referred to a storage devices that serve as an addition
to the computer's primary storage it also refers to any volatile storage device that is internal or external to the computer.secondary storage device is
also known as an auxiliary storage device or external storage.Processor and Primary Storage Devices is any storage device or component that can
store nonvolatile data in computers,used to hold or store data and applications temporarily or for a shorter period of time while the computer is
running.The computer fetches and keeps the data and files it in the primary storage device until the process is completed or data is no longer required.
BACKGROUND
The general function of the early computer device earliest computing devices designed to aid numeric computation.Abacus, first developed in
Babylonia over 5,000 years ago. An Abacus a device of making arithmetic calculation, consisting of a frame se with rods on which balls or beads are
moved. The Abacus was invented between 300–500 BC. The Abacus was used to perform addition, subtraction, multiplication and division.also be used
to extract square–roots and cube roots. The beads are manipulated with either the index finger or the thumb of one hand. The NAPIER RODS was
invented by John Napier. It was invented
in

Laboratory Information Management System ( Lims )
Laboratory information management system (LIMS) is a software system that leads records and reserves data for laboratories. It sends laboratory test
orders to laboratory materials, tracking its responsible and records the results to a searchable database. Also LIMS supports the operations of public
health organizations such as hospitals and clinics.
Workflow
Data tracking support
Customer data
Data exchange
Data exchange interfaces
Electronic documents management
Quality control
Data storage
Barcode handling
LIMS helps improve the workflow which relates to project result criteria and automatically line samples for inferior screens which forms associated
apparatus, samples and specialist. The users control workloads by the apparatus or specialist for this procedure and identifying the tests to increase
more the workflow.
LIMS uses data exchange to transmit the results for doctors; laboratories; sample processing to find out the disease. The barcodes are included on the
reports or results which they are tracked. Also uses a logbook perception to be able to enter, renew, observing samples, test results and maintain notes
easier. Automatic devices send diagnostic data to LIMS, not manually to avoid the entrance of large amounts of data such as organics, metals that
would disrupt the results. The manual data do not use this procedure due to its characteristics.
I work in a biomedical laboratory and waiting to receive samples from a clinic and need to send

Cloud Computing : Cloud Storage
By 2020, Forbes (McKendrick, 2012) has estimated that the cloud market will be worth $270 billion; this suggests that the market is expanding
rapidly and users are becoming more aware of this feature. Many people, though, still ponder over the exact purpose of cloud computing: Cloud
computing is a group of offline servers that are networked together to allow data to be stored centrally. For example, Drop box is an established cloud
storage company that allows users to store documents, images and videos on their servers. This type of cloud computing is known as
'Software–as–a–Service', which are business applications that are hosted by the provider and delivered as a service (Hurwitz, 2010). Hurwitz also
mentions two other types of cloud computing: 'Platform as a Service (PaaS)' and 'Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)'. 'Platform as a service' is where the
consumer will create an application, using tools and software from the provider, then the provider will administer the consumer with networks, storage
and servers. 'Infrastructure' as a service is where the provider will provide the consumer with physical computer or virtual machine.
Cloud computing is seen as a stable way to store data for both consumers and businesses. However, there have been security issues. Recently, Apple's
iCloud was breached and some celebrities' iCloud accounts were broken into (BBC News, 2014). This supports the theory that Cloud storage is not
always secure. Due to this, consumers need be

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Computer
ASSIGNMENTS
2) What are the advantages of computer system?
make better buying decisions
fix ordinary computer problems
upgrade equipment
guard again online dangers
for internal effectively
computer knowledge can advance your career
3) discuss the different categories of computer?
There are 5 types of computer
Supercomputer
Mainframes
Workstations
Microcomputers
Microcontroller
Supercomputer
Supercomputer is very expensive its price is one million over to 1 billion its has high capacity and thousands of processors it is used weather
forecasting designing aircrafts and scientific projects etc Japan has supercomputers
Mainframes
Mainframes price is 5000 to 5 million it is air–cooled and water cooled it is mostly used in ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
There three types of buses
Data bus
Control bus
Address bus Data bus data move between interconnect part. Data bus name tell that it is used to move data within CPU components. The data bus
carries data from computer store memory. it use for read and write data. When write process then processor put data in the data bus. If need read data
then memory control put data in the data bus from store memory.

Control bus transfer control signal between interconnect part
Address bus send address memory to another through address bus.
9) What do you understand by serial and parallel ports? Explain with the help of example.
Serial ports are connecting motherboard to the external devices. Like mouse, keyboard, game joystick, usb and modems. Computer has 2 or 4 serial
ports. Serial ports use for transfer information in or out. Serial port use one bit transmits at a time. Serial ports use wire to sent data outside or one by
one. Serial connector has 9 to 25 pins.
Parallel ports parallel ports use sending data several bit at a time. And several wires use. Parallel ports in personal pc use 8 bit from 8 wires. Printers are
type of parallel. Easy to program and faster than serial ports. Parallel ports also built in motherboard like serial

Von Neumann Architecture Essay
Von Neumann architecture is a type of computer architecture model that acts as a store–program digital computer which uses a processing unit and a
separate storage system that holds instruction and data. The processing unit is a combination of the control unit which has program counter and an
instruction register and processor registers with an Arithmetic logic Unit (ALU). The memory unit is a block of shared storage registers that stores both
data and instructions (Petterson & Lennessy, 2014). The memory block has a data bus and an address bus for communication with the processor. A Von
Neumann system is characterized by a common bus that does both instruction fetching and operations of data. This means handling of data and
instructions has to be done in sequential order which is known as Von Neumann Bottleneck, since the bus cannot operate in a full duplex manner. Von
Neumann is one of the earliest computer architecture designs. But due to its limiting bandwidth operation and underutilization of the processor meant it
had to be modified to cater for this. Most modern computer architectures borrow heavily from the Von Neumann architecture which had been
considered to be incredibly successful at its time when processor demand was not highly required. In modern computer CPU chips you will find a
control unit and the ALU along one local memory, and a main memory in the form of a RAM stick which is located on the mother board (Clements,
2006). The Van Neumann architecture was

Project Proposal For Non Structured Data Essay
PROJECT PROPOSAL
Moving from Structured to non–Structured Data
PROJECT ADVISOR
PROJECT TEAM:
ABSTRACT
The promise of data–driven decision–making is now being recognized broadly, and there is growing enthusiasm for the notion of ``Big Data.'' While
the promise of Big Data is real –– for example, it is estimated that Google alone contributed 54 billion dollars to the US economy in 2009 –– there is
currently a wide gap between its potential and its realization.
Heterogeneity, scale, timeliness, complexity, and privacy problems with Big Data impede progress at all phases of the pipeline that can create value
from data. The problems start right away during data acquisition, when the data tsunami requires us to make decisions, currently in an ad hoc
manner, about what data to keep and what to discard, and how to store what we keep reliably with the right metadata. Much data today is not
natively in structured format; for example, tweets and blogs are weakly structured pieces of text, while images and video are structured for storage
and display, but not for semantic content and search: transforming such content into a structured format for later analysis is a major challenge. We
will find out a way how structured big data can be transformed into unstructured data to increase the performance. Storage price trends have shown
that now a days it's not a big deal to afford storage for big un structured data. As far as performance is concerned, big data

Application Of A Technical Document
The purpose of this technical document is to provide guidance to customize a personal computer. It is targeted for those individuals with a minimal
knowledge about components of a computer but also extends up to students, faculties, and staffs who relies on their PCs to perform their everyday
tasks. This design report is inspired by the fact that most of the computers available in the market today are not a perfect fit to a specific user's
application and are very expensive. Therefore, this document serves as a reference guide to customize a PC to meet a specific user application.
Computers can run various applications and are useful in accomplishing one 's daily tasks, it is important to explore variations in design to maximize
their ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Customizing a personal computer requires a user to be familiar with the most basic input devices and their functioning. In addition to getting known
with input devices, it is also equally important to inspect the actual usage of one's computer to determine what input devices would be applicable in the
context of its use.
(I)Keyboards
The keyboard is the most well–known input device and is used to introduce character and commands into the system. The connectors on the keyboard
have advanced over time from basic serial connectors to PS2 connectors and the most widely available today are the USB connector and cordless
keyboards. The characters in a keyboard form an XY matrix arrangement of switch elements which are entered to the system and are identified using a
keyboard encoder [2].
The variations in the type of keyboard permit the user to make choices based on preferences. Some of the latest variations such as the cordless devices
had improved the mobility and are more user–friendly. The user has a great opportunity to explore these variations in the market to find perfect fit
component at a low cost.
(II)Mice
Mice is an important input device, it allows the user to input information graphically by moving a cursor or other screen images. The mice had become
most essential component after the arrival of the graphical user interface (GUI). The most common variations in mice available in the market today
includes an optical mouse,

Data De-Duplication Essay
Abstract– Data de–duplication is one of essential data com–pression techniques for eliminating duplicate copies of repeating data, and has been widely
used in cloud storage to reduce the amount of storage space and save bandwidth. To protect the confidentiality of sensitive data while supporting
de–duplication, the convergent encryption technique has been proposed to encrypt the data before outsourcing. The main motivation behind using this
technique is making convergent encryption practical to capably and consistently manage a huge number of convergent keys and achieving competent
and consistent key management in secure de–duplication. At we first introduce a baseline approach in which each user holds an independent master key
for encrypting ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
If you can de–duplicate what you store, you can better exploit your existing storage space, which can save capital by using what you have more
proficiently. If you store less, you also back up less, which again means less hardware and backup media. If you store less, you also send less data over
the network in case of a disaster, which means you save money in hardware and network costs over time. The business benefits of data de–duplication
include: Reduced hardware costs; reduced backup costs; reduced costs for business continuity / disaster recovery; increased storage efficiency; and
increased network efficiency.
Data de–duplication is a method for sinking the amount of storage space an organization needs to save its data. In most organizations, the storage
systems contain duplicate copies of many pieces of data. For example, the identical file may be saved inseveral different places by different users, or
two or morefiles that aren't identical may still include much of the equivalent data. De–duplication eliminates these extra copies by saving just one
copy of the data and replacing the other copies with pointers that lead back to the original copy. Companies normally use de–duplication in backup and
disaster recovery applications, but it can be used to free up space in primary storage as

Hardware Components Of A Motherboard
A motherboard is referred to as the mb, mainboard,,base board, main circuit board, system board, or logic board. The motherboard is a printed circuit
board that is the same of a computer, located at the bottom of the computer monitor. It powers to the CPU, RAM, and all other computer hardware
components. Most importantly, the motherboard allows hardware components to communicate with one another. (Computer Hope. Motherboard. 2015)
the computer components included in the motherboard are:
The microprocessor, coprocessors, Memory, basic input/output system and also Expansion slot Interconnecting circuitry. Additional components can be
added to a motherboard through its expansion slot. The interface between the motherboard and the smaller ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
While the hard drive is the most famous of all storage devices, several other types are common as well. A memory device, such as a USB keychain
drives and iPod nanos are popular ways to store data in a small, mobile format. Other types of flash memory, such as compact flash and SD cards
are popular ways to store images taken by smartphone or digital cameras. (Definition. Storage Device. November 12, 2015) There are typically two
types of devices the first is Primary which are generally smaller in size, are designed to hold data temporarily and are internal to the computer. They
have the fastest data access speed, and include RAM and memory. The second are Secondary SD's, these usually have large storage capacity, and
they store data permanently. They can be both internal and external to the computer, and they include the hard disk, compact disk drive and USB
storage device. (What is a Storage Device? Techopedia. November 12, 2015) An optical disc is an electronic data storage medium that can be written
to and read using a low–powered laser beam. Also these can be reffered to as optical media, storage, disc drive, and disk. The optical disc is any media
read using a laser assembly. The most common types of optical media are Blu–ray, CDs, or DVDs. Computers can read and write to CDs or DVDs
using a CD Writer or Writer drive, and a Blu–ray is read with a

Analysis : Sami Fine Jewelry And Unique Gifts
09/26/2017
Warren Watson
Arizona State University
Attn: Stephenie Bjorkman
Sami Fine Jewelry & Unique Gifts
Dear Ms. Bjorkman,
Businesses that are currently using on–premise Information Technology solutions for data storage are putting themselves at a significantly higher
security risk and are more of a target compared to businesses using cloud–based storage solutions. As we move into the future, security is only
becoming even more vital and businesses can be completely destroyed if security loopholes are present. According to Alert Logic's Fall 2012 State of
Cloud Security Report (as cited in Linthicum, 2014), users within an on–premise IT environment experience an average of 61.4 attacks compared to
users on a cloud–based environment at ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
There's a couple of drawbacks to using external hard drives. First, these hard drives limit where and when you can access the files. If you're using a
physical hard drive to store the data and one of your employees need to access the file, they will have to physically be at the site to get to this file. They
will also have to be on an actual personal computer to get to the file, they wouldn't be able to access these files on a smart phone or tablet. In this day
in age, being able to access the file from different computers, phones, and tablets has become a vital component of business. Secondly, there's a
physical aspect to external hard drives that can be problematic. We often don't think about how these devices can be easily stolen. Even though
external hard drives can be portable devices just like a cell phone, that is actually one of the hidden dangers (Ross Backup, 2014). Lastly, a fire or a
flood could destroy this data in seconds. Hard drives can physically fail or files can get corrupted. If a backup solution isn't in place, this means all the
data can disappear in the blink of an eye.
Another solution businesses often use are NAS (network attached storage) devices. These are essentially file servers that are connected to the local
network and are considered to be "always on" devices. There's a couple of major drawbacks to NAS devices for file storage. First, these devices can
and will fail. When these devices fail the data is completely inaccessible and it

The Characteristics Of Computer Memory And Information...
Computer memory (an information storage device, a storage device) is a part of a computer, a physical device or a data storage medium used in
calculations for a particular time. Memory, like the CPU, is an unchanged part of the computer since the 1940s. Memory in computing devices has a
hierarchical structure and usually involves the use of multiple memory devices having different characteristics.
Computer memory provides support for one of the functions of a modern computer, the ability to store information for a long time. Together with the
central processor, the storage device is a key part of the so–called von Neumann architecture, the principle underlying most modern computers of
general purpose (Tsien 52–59). The first computers used storage devices solely for storing the processed data. Their programs were implemented on
the hardware level in the form of hard–coded executable sequences. Any reprogramming required a huge amount of manual work on the preparation of
new documentation, re–computation, the rebuilding of blocks and devices, etc. The use of von Neumann architecture, which provides storage of
computer programs and data in shared memory, radically changed the situation. Any information can be measured in bits and therefore, regardless of
what physical principles and in what number system the digital computer (binary, ternary, decimal, etc.) functions, numbers, text information, images,
sound, video and other types of data can be represented by bit string

Storage Devices
Types of Storage Devices Physical components or materials on which data is stored are called storage media. Hardware components that read/write to
storage media are called storage devices. Two main categories of storage technology used today are magnetic storage and optical storage. Primary
magnetic storage o Diskettes o Hard disks (both fixed and removable) o High capacity floppy disks o Disk cartridges o Magnetic tape Primary optical
storage o Compact Disk Read Only Memory (CD ROM) o Digital Video Disk Read Only Memory (DVD ROM) o CD Recordable (CD R) o CD
Rewritable (CD RW) o Photo CD Magnetic Storage Devices Purpose of storage devices Г to hold data even when the computer is turned off so the
data can be used... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This process of mapping a disk is called formatting or initialising. When you purchase a new disk, they should be formatted for either PC or Mac.
It may be helpful to reformat disks from time to time as this deletes all the data on disk. During the formatting you process you can also determine
whether the disk has any faulty spots and you can copy important system files onto the disk. Hard disks must also be formatted so that the
computer can locate data on them. When you buy a computer, the hard disk has already been formatted correctly and probably contains some
programs and data. You can format your hard disk if necessary but the process is different to that for a diskette. Modern diskettes store data on both
sides of the disk (numbered side 0 and side 1) and each side has its own read/write head. When formatting a disk, the disk creates a set of magnetic
concentric circles called tracks, on each side of the disk. The number of tracks required depends on the type of disk. Most high –density diskettes have
80 tracks on each side. A hard disk may have several hundred tracks on each side of each platter. Each track is a separate circle. These are numbered
from the outermost circle to the innermost, starting with zero. Each track on a disk is also split into smaller parts. Imagine slicing a disk as you
would a pie. Each slice cuts across all the tracks resulting in short segments or sectors. A sector can contain up to 512 bytes. All the sectors are

How Speed of a Computer Is Affected by Different Storage...
How Speed of a Computer Is Affected By Different Storage Devices
Traci Benge
CIS/201
May 7, 2012
Charles Jacks
Abstract Today's computers have different ways to store data. Some examples of these ways are devices as the hard disk (aka magnetic disk),
floppy disk, RAM, CD ROM, tape, and the flash (aka jump drive, USB memory stick, and thumb drive). Storage devices come in two different
sources; primary or secondary. Each of these devices causes the computer to process data at different speeds. This paper will show how each of these
devices store data and how they affect the speed of the computer.
How Speed of a Computer Is Affected By Different Storage Devices The hard disk of a computer is a secondary type of... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The Flash (aka Jump Drive, USB Memory Stick, and Thumb Drive) is a small device that plugs directly into a USB port on the outside a
computer. It has made the transfer of data information very easy. The flash can be used easily to access large reports, presentations, spreadsheets,
etc. without experiencing any slow response times trying to retrieve stored data on a computers' hard disk. It is becoming a more preferred type
of storage today because of its sturdy build making it easy to be carried in a pocket, on a keychain, or even on a lanyard. This is another option
that is an inexpensive type of storage. As earlier defined, RAM provides fast access storage when a computer is on. However, if there is too many
things open at once RAM can become sluggish. Every time an application or program is opened the RAM has that much more information and data to
sort through while trying to process the request. For the computer to run at an optimal speed, unused applications or programs should be closed. This
has an effect on the computers clock speed also. According to Webopedia– Clock Speed (n.d.), "Also called clock rate, the speed at which a
microprocessor executes instructions. Every computer contains an internal clock that regulates the rate at which instructions are executed and
synchronizes all the various computer components." In conclusion these comparisons discuss some of the different storage

Software Utility
Explain how software utilities can improve the performance of computer systems
The computer system comes with many different kind of software utilities which help the user to maintain and improve the computer system
performance.
Software utilities can do many different things and offers many different features and tools that help the user to improve system performance, such as
clearing junk files from the storage device, update device drivers, scan for viruses or spyware, optimise memory, defrag the hard disk, manage the
start–up programs and help backing up or recovering files.
Common utilities include:
Defragmentation tools:
Defragmentation tools help to defrag the storage device by rearranging the fragmented data that are spread across ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
This helps to restore all system settings and data and get rid of any changes that been made to the computer system, which may be causing problems in
the computer system.
The user can use this utility to improve computer performance by backing up the setting once the computer system on its top performance, and once
the computer goes laggy and slow down the user could restore the system settings from the latest backup and improve the performance to as it was
before.
Hardware drive updater tools:
This one of the most important tools to improve any system performance.
This utility scans the hardware and search for hardware driver updates.
Keeping the hardware driver updated helps the computer system in many different ways, it improves the stability of the hardware.
Furthermore the new hardware drive updates might have fixes for bugs that existed within the hardware before, this will improve the system
performance a lot.
Adding to that updating the hardware drive helps to get the most of the hardware which may offers a new features or improvement in the hardware
capabilities.
All of these will significantly improve the computer system

Nt1310 Unit 4 Mediums
The use of data in today's commercials is a vital role that cannot be overlooked. That is there is a need to backup data on physical mediums. The main
mediums are hard–drive, flash drive, optical disc, and tape drive. There is multiply different version of each main type of medium. These different
physical mediums store data in different ways. Fragmentation can also be an issue for some of these physical mediums. I will cover each medium in
a little depth because of the different types available in today's market. The first medium I want to cover is a hard–drive that is used inside computers
and servers. A hard–drive can be broken up into different partitions, which sets up a volume with a single file system and a unique drive letter. These
partitions of the hard–drive are kept track in a table called a partitions table. A hard–drive uses NTFS which breaks the drive into sectors of 512 bytes.
These different sectors are stored... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
There are many sub–groups of these discs, but the main types of discs are CD, DVD, and Blue–ray. The optical disc is placed into a DVD recorder and
information is written to the disc. The data is written in contiguous format on the disc. A recorder will not write data to an optical disc if that data
is bigger than the optical disc. A DVD disc can handle a data amount of 4.88 GB. The compression of an optical disc is handled by the program
that is used to burn the disc. The data is written to an optical disc using a laser. This laser burns the data into the bottom of the disc. The use of
different wave length of the laser actual help burn more data into the bottom of the disc. However, the drawbacks of an optical disc are that they
cannot be placed in direct sunlight. The plastic that the disc is made of can warp in sunlight and corrupt the data on the disc. There is also the
problem of scratches and dents making the surface of the disc hard for the laser to read.(AMERICAN,

Nt1310 Unit 3 Storage Devices
Storage Devices
Storage Devices are used to store things for a long time. This memory is non–volatile, meaning it won't be lost should power be turned off. Storage
devices, like ram, vary in terms of storage capacity. Like RAM, storage devices' capacity is measured in Bytes (B) and data transfer speed is measured
in Bits Per Second (bit/s) or Bytes Per Second (B/s)A basic storage device
There are three types of storage devices. Magnetic storage devices store data as magnetic dots on spinning disks. These dots are written and read by
an electromagnet. Examples of magnetic storage devices include Hard Drives (HDD) and Floppy Disks. Optical storage devices store data as coloured
dots or small indentations on spinning disks. This data ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This is very important for my computer as video games have a large file size, and I will need a large storage device to have multiple games downloaded
at once. The data transfer speed is less important as it will only change the launch speed of my game, the loading during the game is primarily handled
by the RAM.
With this in mind, I have chosen the Samsung 850 Pro 512GB SSD. This Solid–State Drive has a massive 512GB storage capacity, which will be able to
hold a huge number of games. It also has a transfer speed of 520MB/s, which will be able to load applications very quickly. The price point of NZ$430
is good for a storage device this powerful.
Storage Devices connect to the motherboard using AT Attachment (ATA). Like RAM, ATA use busses to transfer data. Older storage devices use
PATA (Parallel ATA), which have a bus width of 16 bits (2 bytes) and as such have slow data transfer speeds (up to 133 Mbit/s). The more modern
SATA (Serial ATA) was released January 7, 2003, and has much higher transfer speeds. As of now, five types of SATA are available: SATA 1.0
(1.5Gbit/s), SATA 2.0 (3Gbit/s), SATA 3.0 (6Gbit/s), SATA 3.1 and SATA 3.2.

MBA Application Essay
I realized that to really pursue my interest I needed to go to a top university and worked hard in high school to achieve that aim. I was able to do just
that and secured admission to BITS Pilani through the one most competitive engineering entrance exam in the country with a 3% selection ratio with
an additional requirement of 80% in physics, chemistry & mathematics. While choosing my specialization I went through the structure of the programs
offered and realized that the being a more balanced course the M.Sc.(Tech.) in Information Systems would best match my goals and ambitions. The
multi–disciplinary curriculum at BITS Pilani exposed me to diverse courses ranging from computer science & engineering to economics &
management to even... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Through this course I picked up the basics including different types of RAID techniques, storage techniques like DAS, NAS, SAN, I/O techniques,
disk scheduling algorithms etc. After completing my under graduation, I received multiple job options and opted to work for the Oracle India
Development Centre, Bangalore as they offered me an opportunity to work in the storage team. I have been working there for the last 14 months i.e.
from Oct 2012 and it has been an extremely satisfying experience so far. I have been developing & enhancing features of software which is
responsible for managing & monitoring of storage appliances at datacenters. Oracle has given me an opportunity to work in my area of interest and
here I also have gotten the opportunity to work on virtualization based storage technologies like zpool on Solaris, Logical Volume Manager, techniques
on how to use available hardware to maximum benefit, and on constructing a system which would facilitate administrators in managing resources. My
work at Oracle has given me practical insights into the world of storage, the industrial standards, the methods and practices and made me realize the
importance of the role that storage technology will play in the future. This is the backbone of new

What Is An Operating System?
Unit 2 Assignment 1 P2/M1
What is an operating system?
An operating system is software that communicates with the hardware and it allows other programs to run it. Operating systems is the structure that
allows you to communicate with computer hardware in a communicating way , without an operating system you wouldn't be able to tell the computer to
do anything and it won't have any instructions to follow.
Purpose of an operating system:
Operating system controls the hardware and software properties of the system in a computer these properties include things like processer, memory
and disk space. Computers must have an operating system to run other programs also an operating system does basic tasks such as looking and
recognizing the input from the keyboard and also sending output to display on the screen , keeping track of files and directories on the disk and
controlling the disk drivers and printers.
The purpose of an operating system, a purpose of an operating system is memory management this process happens when a computer searches for a
memory to programs that run in the same time. Virtual memory is a data storage that will keep separate memory addresses accessed before by the
user, this process will increase the amount of RAM and transfer data to the secondary storage. Virtual memory can have an impact on how well
computer will work because of its storage.
An operating system manages the hardware and software resources of the system. A computer must have an

How The Maintenance Procedures Carried Out
M3 – Report of how to evaluate how the maintenance procedures carried out in tasks 3 affect the performance of the PC
There are many different procedures that have to take place when maintaining your PC. There are many different ways that by adding these can affect
your computer.
Device Drivers
A device driver is a program that controls a particular type of device that is attached to your computer. There are device drivers for printers, displays,
CD–ROM readers and diskette drives. Therefore it is important that the user updates their device drivers so that their PC is update as well. If the
computer isn't updated then it is open to more viruses because it won't be protected as much. For example dirty fan with dust force your PC to run less
efficient therefore its best to clean your fan every couple of months.
RAM
There are few performance tasks that would improve the performance of your computer; these consist of installing an additional RAM module in your
computer system. By doing this it reduces the amount that Windows will rely on the virtual memory. The more memory that you have the more data
can be stored and accessed. You can also multiple tasks running on your computer, they will be stored and accessed from memory.
There are a number of different versions of RAM that can be used. There is 'Dual Inline Package' (DIP); this is an individual memory chip. Another
type of RAM is a 'Single Inline Memory Module' (SIMM). This type of RAM is a small circuit board that

Nt1310 Unit 3 Internal Components
Internal components:
CPU stands for Central Processing Unit and it's the brain of the computer. CPU executes instructions that enable the operating system and application
software to run on a system. Inside the CPU we can find three main components which are the ALU, Control Unit and memory unit. ALU stands for
Arithmetic and Logic Unit and performs calculations like addition, multiplication, division and subtraction. It also compares results using "greater
than", "less than" or "equal to". Control Unit controls the operation of the memory unit, processor and input/output units. Memory unit is where all
data that the CPU may need to process is stored. The data is stored in the memory in binary form.
CPU can be single core, dual core, quad core ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It's more expensive than USB 2.0 and full duplex what means that can send and receive data at once.
Nowadays there are also keyboards and mousses that can be connected via Wi–Fi. It's a wireless technology that allows computers and other type of
electronic devices to communicate through a wireless signal. Wi–Fi is the most common way to connect computers to wireless networks.
Bluetooth also uses a wireless technology that enables communication between compatible devices. Bluetooth uses a standard 2.4 GHz frequency what
allows all Bluetooth–enabled devices to be compatible with each other.
пѓјAs we can see in the image above mouse and keyboard are connected to the motherboard via PS/2 Port. PS/2 connector allows us to connect some
keyboards and mouse to a personal computer.
пѓјMouse is an input and pointing device that allows the user to control the graphical user interface. Keyboard is an input device that allows the user to
input data and give commands to the operating system by typing. Commonly, a keyboard contains all the alphabetical letters, numbers from 1 to 9 and
punctuation

CMOS Essay / 1
CMOSThe CMOS (complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor) is the word which is normally used to describe the small amounts of the memory
which is on the computers motherboard and it stores the BIOS settings. Also some of the BIOS settings include the systems time and date as well as
hardware settings.
Back Panel PortUsed for/ Description Image
PS/2The PS/2 port is a 6–pin mini–DIN connector that is used for connecting some keyboards and mice to the computer system.
USBA USB (universal serial bus) is a mini storage device that is portable and you can store your data on it and use it when it is connected to a
computer/laptop.
EthernetAn Ethernet is a wire that connects numbers of computers to a network area and it avoids ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Also the DDR uses the falling and the rising edges of the clock signal.
Hard DriveA hard drive is a data storage device that uses magnetic storage to store and retrieve data when connected.
PATA/IDE/Master/PATA (parallel advanced technology attachment) is a standard interface for the connection of storage devices.
SATA Hard DriveSATA (serial advanced technology attachment) is an interface that is used to connect ATA hard drives to the motherboard of the
computer. Also they use small and thin cables, which means there is better airflow in the computer.
CD–ROM (capacity)CD–ROM (compact disc–read only memory) is an optical disc that contains audio or software data and they are read only. A
CD–ROM usually stores 650MB of data.
DVD–ROM (capacity)DVD–ROM (digital versatile disc–read only memory) is read only and they are mostly used for storing large amounts of
software applications.
Blu–Ray (capacity)A Blu–ray is an optical disc that is designed to display HD videos and store large amounts of data.
Graphics CardA graphics card is a card that connects to the motherboard of a computer system and it outputs images. A graphics card is also known as
a video card.
VGAVGA (video graphics array) is a cable that is used to connect an analog PC monitor to a PC/laptop.
DVIA DVI (digital visual interface) is a cable that is used to connect a video source. For example computer monitor or a video display controller to a
display device.
HDMIHDMI (high

Computer Hardware
It seems that in today 's world nothing can be done without a computer, but upon a closer look, you will find that it is the hardware components and
input and output devices that make a computer useful. What is it that determines the speed at which a computer can find a file? How do you get a
report from your PC to the members of your next Board meeting? It is the hardware that is used with your computer that allows you to accomplish all of
your business needs using your computer. Data input is the collection of raw data that is used to find needed information. Data input is an important
part of any business, but different businesses have different needs when it comes to input devices. Some common business needs and the best data ...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Below are some components that contribute to the speed, and the way in which they affect it;
RAM– RAM affects the speed of the computer because of its size. The more RAM you have the more data that can be stored and quickly accessed by
the CPU.
Clock speed– The clock speed is important because it determines the speed at which the CPU can send instructions.
Data on hard disk– Data on a hard disk is direct access storage and can be accesses in seconds.
Data on CD ROM– CD ROM 's are also direct access storage but are not as fast due to limitation in read speed of the CD ROM drive.
Data on floppy disk– Only small amounts of data can be stored on a floppy disk, and because it is sequential storage, it is slower that other media types.
As you can see, if a computer was just a computer it wouldn 't be of much use to us. Thankfully, there have been many different inventions that have
made the computer the most useful tool for just about any application. Through storage of input data and the output of information, computers have
made companies more organized, more efficient, more successful, and more profitable. References
Stair, R and Reynolds, G (2006), Fundamentals of Information Systems, 3e. Course

The Pros And Cons Of Information Explosion
DATABASE RESEARCH FACES INFORMATION EXPLOSION. Information explosion are refers not only to the increasing amount of information
available in digital form, but to the phenomenal growth in the breadth of information dissemination. This approach is often viewed as the result of:
Database Research Faces the Information Explosion : пѓ Low cost computing and storage devices not only used in business, but also increasingly in
private homes. пѓ Low cost Internet access one of the potential allowing all computing and storage devices to be connected even when mobiles.
пѓ Availability of simple, easy to use interface (e.g. World wide browsers). Futhermore, this development increases the importance of a person's
privacy rights questioning when reviewing the personal records, use of intellectual property, provide universal access and also to create a challenging
technical problems in data storage, organization and accesses. Even in the press there... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
As was the case for printing, the ability to disseminate information have democracy to a greater extent. Publication is no longer necessarily the
corporate activity, even the information may appear, change, and disappear without any knowledge or control center. It is noteworthy that through
revolution, there is information before the computer age, computers are not a precondition for information have dramatic sociality impact. In earlier
times, huge organizations appear to manage information: libraries, cataloging system, and publishing companies, along with procedures to check and
verify information (eg, scientific peer review). None reviews are complete. It is difficult to searching the information that we really need if the
information is too much and we can't reach the information search for the best. In reality, this has often fallen on stony ground. The effect can be to
lead to the users to make judgements based on incomplete facts and possibly to tackle the wrong

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