Description Of An Electrocardiogram, Or Ecg Or Ekg

Description Of An Electrocardiogram, Or Ecg Or Ekg
Introduction
"An Electrocardiogram, or ECG or EKG, is a recording of the hearts electrical activity as a graph
over a period of time, as detected by electrodes attached to the outer surface of the skin and recorded
by a device external of the body"(Boundless). The graph of an ECG can identify various things
initiated by the heart, such as its rate, rhythm, a decrease in blood flow, and a possible enlargement.
For a healthy individual, a typical ECG shows the whole cardiac cycle or heart beat which includes
a P wave (Atrial depolarization), a QRS complex (Ventricular depolarization), and a T wave
(Ventricular repolarization). The ECG's first spike or P wave is triggered by the Sinoatrial node (SA
node), which is also known as the pacemaker and the electrical impulse from the atria to the
ventricles is conducted by the atrioventricular node (AV node). During each heart beat the heart
muscle depolarizes, this is detected on the skin where the ECG electrodes are placed by the machine
and then translated into a linear representation (Boundless). The resting membrane potential of a
heart cell is –60mv, when an influx of positive ions enter the cell (NA+ and CA++) depolarization
takes place causing the heart to contract. This action takes place during the peak of the P wave
(Atria systole). The QRS complex represent when the left and right ventricles contract and
depolarize, also called ventricular systole. This action normally takes place at the highest amplitude
in the complex,
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What Signs And Symptoms Support Your Suspicions?
1) You are the operating nurse working with Mr. J, who was given lidocaine (Xylocaine) prior to
suture repair of an open wound he sustained during a construction accident. Mr. J begins to mumble
and seems agitated. You suspect toxicity.
i) What signs and symptoms support your suspicions?
A major symptom of lidocaine toxicity is central nervous system excitation. Central nervous system
excitation causes numbness or tingling of the mouth, agitation, confusion, and drowsiness which
would account for Mr. J's symptoms.
ii) How can you reduce the risk factors are associated with toxicity?
Dosage should be reduced in patients with decreased hepatic function or diminished hepatic blood
flow, (Older–adult patients; patients with cirrhosis, shock, or HF) to reduce toxicity. Furthermore,
lidocaine is also contraindicated for patients with Strokes–Adams syndrome, Wolff–Parkinson–
White syndrome, and severe degrees of SA, AV, or intraventricular block in the absence of
electronic pacing. Moreover, one should be cautious when using lidocaine in patients with hepatic
dysfunction or impaired hepatic blood flow. Also, note that lidocaine is contraindicated for patients
with a history of serious allergic reactions to these drugs.
iii) What interventions will be necessary to manage this patient's toxicity?
Toxic doses of lidocaine can cause seizures and respiratory arrest. Furthermore, whenever lidocaine
is used, equipment for cardiopulmonary resuscitation must be available for use.

Wolff-Parkinson White Syndrome Essay
Wolff–Parkinson White Syndrome Wolff–Parkinson White syndrome is a heart condition where
there is an extra electrical pathway or circuit in the heart. The condition can lead to episodes of rapid
heart also known as tachycardia. Wolff–Parkinson White syndrome, also known as WPW, is present
at birth. People of all ages, even infants, can experience the symptoms related to WPW. Episodes of
tachycardia often occur when people are in their teens or early twenties. Most of the time, a fast
heart beat are not life threatening, but serious heart problems can occur. Treatments for Wolff–
Parkinson White syndrome can stop or prevent episodes of fast heart beats. A catheter–based
procedure, known as ablation can permanently correct the heart ... Show more content on
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"Wolf–Parkinson–White syndrome is associated with some forms of congenital heart disease, such
as Ebstein's anomaly." (Mayo Clinic Staff). The heart is made up of four chambers. The two upper
chambers known as the atria, and the two lower chambers known as the ventricles. The rhythm of
your heart is controlled by the sinus node. The sinus node is almost like a natural pacemaker which
is located in the atrium. The sinus node gives off electrical impulses that start every heartbeat.
"Electrical impulses travel across the atria causing the atria muscles to contract and pump blood in
the ventricles." (Mayo Clinic Staff). The electrical impulses eventually arrive at a cluster of cells
known as the atrioventricular node or the AV node. The AV node slows down the signal before
sending it to the ventricles. By this delay, it allows the ventricles to fill with blood causing the
electrical impulses to reach the muscles of the ventricles so they can contract and pump blood to the
lungs and the rest of the body. When a person has WPW syndrome an extra electrical pathway
connects the atria and the ventricles. This means that an electrical signal can bypass the AV node.
When the impulses use this alternative route through the heart, the ventricles are activated to early.
Looped electrical impulses and disorganized electrical impulses are two major types of rhythm
disturbances. A looped electrical impulse is when electrical

Essay on Pulmonary Diseases
Pulmonary Diseases Any disorder or disease that occurs in the lungs or causes the lungs not to
function correctly is referred to as lung disease. The three main types consist of lung tissue diseases,
airway diseases, and pulmonary circulation diseases. Lung tissue diseases involve the lung tissue
structure. When the tissue becomes inflamed and scarred, the lungs are no longer able to fully
expand, which is known as restrictive lung disease. In addition, it also causes the lungs to have more
difficulty taking in oxygen and releasing carbon dioxide. An example of lung tissue disease is
pulmonary fibrosis, which is sometimes described as a feeling of not being able to take a deep
breath. Airway diseases involve the tubes, or airways, that ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
There are times when a lung will collapse when there is lung damage caused by diseases such as
cystic fibrosis, pneumonia, or asthma. A direct lung or chest injury is not always the cause. Lung
collapse is especially common when the lungs fill up with air sacs that form, due to emphysema, and
these air sacs are called blebs. The lung collapses when air is discharged into the pleural cavity after
one of the sacs splits open. It is also possible that an unprompted pneumothorax can develop in a
person who has no evident lung disease, although it is most frequent in men between 20 and 40
years of age who are tall and thin. It is also more frequent in smokers. In addition, an unprompted
pneumothorax can occur in some people who have no obvious lung disease but have blebs that may
burst ("Pneumothorax," 2008). It is common in most pneumothorax cases for some air to move in
and out through the lung or chest wall tear. However, if the air is only able to move into the chest
cavity and not out, a tension pneumothorax condition can happen. This is when a developing pocket
of air produces escalating pressure within the pleural cavity, and this, in turn, may cause total
collapse of the

History Of Present Illness : 34 Year Old Woman With A...
History of present illness: 34–year–old woman with a history of Wolff Parkinson White Syndrome
complains of intermittent palpitations since 2005. She has had a 24–hour Holter, which was
unremarkable. She came in for a follow–up visit and had an EKG done that revealed the presence of
pre–excitation. The patient reports a daily sensation of palpitations that lasts for several minutes.
The patient reports lightheadedness with the palpitations without syncope. The patient underwent an
exercise treadmill evaluation, which showed no evidence of ischemia. The echocardiography
revealed a structurally normal heart. Delta waves were noted during evaluation but resolved at
higher heart rates. Wolff–Parkinson–White syndrome (WPW) is a conduction disorder of the heart
that is caused by pre accessory pathway resulting in tachyarrhythmias. Kesler & Lahham (2016)
state, "Approximately 0.07% of the population often presents with the chief complaint of
palpitations". A diagnosis of WPW is made in conjunction with certain characteristics.
Characteristics of WPW include: a short PR interval < 0.12 second caused by a faster electrical
conduction through the accessory pathway than the atrioventricular node, upsloping of the QRS and
a delta wave. The delta wave is indicative of rapid ventricular depolarization caused by the rapid
conduction through the accessory pathway (Kesler & Lahham, 2016, p. 469).
CEBM, Level 4
Past Medical History: In addition to her current condition the patient has a

Holter Monitoring
Holter monitoring
Holter monitoring is used to analyse heart rhythm disturbances. In this process, a small non–
invasive ambulatory, portable ECG is used to examine the heart's electrical activity in a 24–72 hour
period.
Holter monitoring can correlate any symptoms such as chest pain, palpitations, with the heart's
electrical activity. It can also record arrhythmias that occur, providing diagnostic information about
the type of arrhythmia. In addition, it helps to determine how well anti–arrhythmia medications are
working.
Reasons for the procedure:
Holter monitor recording is usually recommended
To evaluate chest pain not reproduced with exercise testing
To evaluate other signs and symptoms that may be heart–related, such as fatigue, shortness of
breath, dizziness, or fainting
To identify ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Patient has to place this monitor in to their pocket.
It takes about 10 minutes to fit the holter monitor.
Holter Monitor Electrode placement Adapted from: Holter Monitor Management. Available online
from:
http://www.rch.org.au/rchcpg/hospital_clinical_guideline_index/Holter_Monitor_Management/
Risks of the procedure
The Holter monitor is a non–invasive method for assessing the heart's function and risks associated
with the Holter monitoring are rare.
Prolonged application of the adhesive electrode patches may result in to tissue breakdown or skin
irritation at the site of application.
Certain factors or conditions may affect the results of the Holter monitor reading and some of these
include,
 Close proximity to magnets, metal detectors, high–voltage electrical wires, and electrical
appliances such as shavers, toothbrushes, and hair dryers
 Smoking
 Certain medications
 Excessive perspiration
Recommending a Holter monitor is painless and one of the best ways to identify potential heart
problems or other related

Application Of A Mechanical Wave Sound
Applications in medicine
Moreover, toxins pile up in the body, especially outside of the cells due to poor bio–electric
membrane voltage, which makes it possible for the toxins to stick to the membrane. This activity
inhibits the natural flow of water into the cells as well as exit of nucleic waste out of the cells. As a
result, the functioning of the cells is compromised until the level whereby toxins penetrate the cell
membranes and thus reaching a level whereby the process is irreversible. Moreover, the body's
design has many organs that are attuned to the electromagnetic phenomena. For example, the brain
produces electromagnetic fields that are both different and separate from those produced by the
heart; a mechanical wave sound is vibrated by the tympanic membrane while the eyes record
individual photon packets. As such, the human body is actively involved in the production and
control of bioelectricity.
Bioelectromagnetism is used in medicine in detoxification whereby the application of
electromagnetism leads to the restoration of integrity to the actual membrane itself to return the cell
to its normal functioning by being selectively permeable. This leads to proper processing of toxins
for elimination whereby the kidneys and liver start to remove more toxins and thereby reducing the
overall toxin load in the body. One major application happened in 1892 when Nikola Tesla met with
Paul Oudin leading to the production of the "violet ray", a device that used

What Is Willie J's Childhood
Jessie J's journey from her childhood, dealing with bullies and a heart condition has lead her to be a
remarkable singer on the rise to fame. Starting her career at the age of eleven performing in the West
End production of Andrew Lloyd Webber's Whistle Down the Wind but followed shortly after at the
age of 18, she had a stroke which made her life a crazy ride. Jessica Ellen Cornish, better known as
Jessie J, was born and raised in London, England on March 27, 1988. She attended school at
Mayfield High School in the London Borough of Redbridge. She then attended Colin's Performing
Arts School and was an 11–year–old. Growing up, Jessie had two older sister who were both head
girls at school. Unlike her sisters, Jessie thought she was never ... Show more content on
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She studied at the BRIT School before signing with Gut Records and striking a songwriting deal
with Sony/ATV Music Publishing where she wrote for artists including Chris Brown and Miley
Cyrus. Jessie J was also part of a girl band, called Soul Deep, for two years, however, believing "it
wasn't going anywhere," she left the group. Jessie J first came to the attention of Lava Records when
her publisher at Sony/ATV, Rich Christina, send Lava president Jason Flom a link to her MySpace
page, which the record executive loved. Her first debut studio album was started in 2005 and
completed on January 19, 2011. Due to the amount of success, Jessie was a regular name at awards
events. She won 2011 BRIT Awards' Critics' Choice and was nominated for BBC's Sound of 2011
list. Her debut album, called "Who You Are", is ready to be released in the U.S. on February 25,
2011 which was also the first song she wrote. Jessica wrote the song after being in the hospital
opposite of a little boy who she heard praying for five hours when she woke up the night after her
operation. The little boy did not make it and died the next day and it was upsetting to Jessie so she
went six years thinking of the little boy before writing her award winning

Personal Narrative: My Growing Up In Iraq
Anas Alani
Growing up in Iraq, I endured my homeland's journey through a difficult period in its history. No
one was unaffected: civilians' lives were disrupted by years of wars and detrimental economic
sanctions, but amid the destruction, I saw the good in my community. I witnessed a massive
humanitarian effort led by healthcare professionals, as physicians worked to meet the medical needs
in my town. My dreams were shaped by this exposure, and ever since, I've hoped to join these
doctors in their efforts.
I worked hard during high school, and my commitment and ambition took me to Al–Nahrain
University/College of Medicine, the best university in Iraq. Medical school brought its own
challenges, while I finished course work as my country suffered from a horrendous war. My focus,
though, was solid, and my vision endured the tumult. As I accumulated basic scientific knowledge, I
also developed special interests. During clinical rotations, it became clear that I was most ... Show
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My poster related to an increased number of coronary calcified lesions and its relation to mortality
was a winner at the American College of Physician meeting in Washington D.C. Moreover, I am
involved in different stages of research projects and multi–center trials, such as the testosterone
study that evaluates the effect of testosterone on atherosclerosis. We used advanced qualitative
software and new techniques to assess the plaque volume and type changes on serial CT images. I
have also authored or co–authored journal articles: my work on peripartum cardiomyopathy and
implantable cardioverter defibrillator was published in the Journal of American College of
Cardiology, and my research on new cardiac CT improved accuracy was published in Clinical
Cardiology

Wolff Parkinson White Research Papers
Briana C. Bell
Weber State University
Radiologic Technology – Montana Outreach Program
RADT 2803
06.15.2016
Abstract
"Congenital heart defects affect 8–10 of every 1000 births in the United States. Hence in both
embryological and clinical contexts it is important to consider heart development." This paper will
address Wolff Parkinson White (WPW) Syndrome, including the cause, pathophysiology,
symptoms, diagnostic tests, repair, and imaging of WPW. In this paper I will occasionally reference
my own experience with WPW. I was diagnosed with this defect in Winter 2012 after an episode of
Syncope and I had it repaired via Catheter Ablation in Spring of the same year. It was this diagnosis
and repair that started me on the path to studying to become a Radiologic Technologist. Wolff
Parkinson White (WPW) Syndrome
Etiology
Wolff Parkinson White (WPW) is a congenital heart defect that is characterized by ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
A diagnosis may start with routine bloodwork to rule out non cardiac conditions that could be
triggering tachycardia. A chest x–ray may also be performed to see if there is any cardiomegaly
present. In my case, and in most cases, it starts with a 12 lead ECG. According to Ellis and Rottman
(Dec. 04, 2015) "the classic ECG features are as follows:
A shortened PR interval (typically 0.12 seconds), ST segment–T wave (repolarization) changes,
generally directed opposite the major delta wave and QRS complex, reflecting altered
depolarization." After an ECG, the next step in diagnosing WPW is usually a portable ECG device
such as a Holter monitor or an event recorder. The patient will wear the device for the prescribed
amount of time and during that time the monitor will record your heart's rhythm and rate while
going about your normal daily activities. Echocardiography can also be part of the diagnosing or
pre–op testing protocol.

Atrial Fibrillation with No Structural Heart Disease...
BACKGROUND
Approximately 10% to 30% of patients with atrial flibrillation (AF) do not present structural heart
disease or have a comorbidity such as hypertension. Atrial fibrillation is the most frequent
arrhythmia in daily practice that occurs under diverse situations and its treatment should be based on
the different scenarios of presentation. Severe population–based studies have found that AF is
associated with greater morbidity and mortality and worse quality of life. It is the leading cause of
arrhythmia–related hospitalizations with an important impact on medical costs.
Radiofrequency catheter ablation steadily progresses as an option therapy to cure atrial fibrillation.
The indications of catheter ablation are increasing due to a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
5) Only 12% of AFFIRM patients did not have structural heart disease, constituting a small group
that should have undergone long–term follow–up to demonstrate the presence of differences.
The low mortality rate observed in patients without heart disease, even in the absence of an effective
therapy, makes it difficult to demonstrate any variation in the prognosis. The basic objective in these
patients is to improve symptoms and quality of life, to avoid the adverse effects of antiarrhythmic
agents and to cure the arrhythmia in order to prevent the development of atrial dilation, need for
anticoagulant therapy and increased risk. In population–based studies, as the Framingham study, the
presence of AF increased long–term mortality 1.5 to 1.9 times.
WHAT ABOUT THE RISK OF EMBOLISM?
The risk of embolism is one of the major problems in patients with AF. The annual risk of stroke in
patients with a CHADS score = 0 is low, 0.36%; yet, the risk or stroke exists. Interestingly, patients
with persistent or chronic lone AF have a risk of embolism of 1.3% per year, and this percentage
may be low but not absent, especially if we bare in mind the cumulative risk. (4) Although this
controversy deals with patients without structural heart disease, patients with AF frequently have
hypertension, a condition that increases the risk of embolism (CHADS 1). Oral anticoagulant agents
or aspirin

Atrial Fibrillation Essay
Introduction
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a cardiac arrhythmia. It is the most common arrhythmia and it has
implications for patients and anaesthetists alike. The anaesthetist must take into consideration the
physiological and pharmacological implications of this common arrhythmia.
In a healthy individual receiving a general anaesthetic, the anaesthetist must be aware of the causes
and treatment of acute onset AF, both intra–operatively and peri–operatively. Patients with AF often
develop a decline in left ventricular performance and other hemodynamic instabilities including
reduced diastolic filling and tachycardia mediated cardiomyopathy1, all of which can reduce cardiac
output and pose difficulties for the anaesthetist.
One of the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Atrial remodeling, both structural and electrical, can facilitate reentrant circuits for electrical
current, which can then lead to permanent fibrillations. The main mechanism proposed for electrical
remodeling leading to permanent AF is shortening of the refractory period7.
Postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) is a common problem seen by anaesthetists and patients who
develop POAF have a worse outcome8. Developing POAF puts patients at risk of hemodynamic
derangements, postoperative stroke, perioperative myocardial infarction, ventricular arrhythmias,
and heart failure8.
In cardiothoracic surgical patients, an incidence of as high as 16–46% has been reported8. This is
related to a number of factors that can be encountered during surgery. Mechanical factors like
manipulating the heart, pain and sympathetic stimulation can all induce POAF. It can also be related
to systemic inflammatory processes, hypotension, hypoxia, anemia and metabolic alterations. These
situations can all be expected during anaesthesia. Volatile agents used during anaesthesia may also
have antifibrillatory action8.
Another interesting cause of AF is a familial cause. Olson et al (2006) investigated a hereditary
predisposition to AF involved a nonsense mutation in the KCNA5 gene. This gene encodes kv1.5.
kv1.5 is an atrial specific potassium channel. The group reported a novel genetic basis for idiopathic
AF seen in patients lacking traditional risk

Supraventricular Tachycardi A Case Study
Supraventricular Tachycardia The heart is a muscular pump about the size of a fist. This muscle is
continuously pumping blood to the circulatory system at a rate on average of 100,000 times a day.
Arrhythmia's can cause an abnormal rhythm to this rate because of a change in the heart's electrical
system. These arrhythmias can either cause the heart to beat too slowly, bradycardia, or tachycardia,
where the heart beats too fast. Supraventricular Tachycardia (SVT) is one specific form of
tachycardia. When a person develops SVT it causes the heart tissue to develop activity similar to a
pacemaker in the upper chambers, or the region above the ventricles (AHA, 2015). This produces an
abnormally fast heartbeat. Understanding this condition is ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Short–term treatment can include the use of vagal maneuvers. If these are not successful at halting
or slowing the abnormal rhythm then calcium channel or beta blockers may be used. Long–term
treatment can include agents that block the atrioventricular node or class IC or III antiarrhythmics.
Procainamide, ibutilide, flecainide, propafenone, and amiodarone can all be used to control the
rhythm in patients (Carnell, J., & Amandeep, S., 2008). For those patients that experience persistent
episodes of SVT can have a catheter ablation procedure (Colucci, R et. al., 2010). A catheter
ablation is a low–risk procedure with a 90% success rate. This procedure uses radiofrequency heat
in order to kill the area of the heart in which the irregular heartbeat is originating. The purpose of
killing this area is to resort the heart back to its original rhythm. With this procedure, the abnormal
tissue can be destroyed without causing any other damage to the heart. A doctor performs the
catheter ablation by placing a sheath into the groin. The sheath is then filled with electrode catheters.
Through these catheters, the doctor is able to send small electrical impulses, which helps locate the
damaged tissue. Once the abnormal tissue is located the catheter is placed in that spot so that the
radiofrequency can be sent into the tissue. This area is usually 1/5 of an inch (AMA, 2015). After the
catheter ablation procedure, all of the abnormal tissue should be repaired and the patient should not
experience anymore SVT episodes. They are then also able to return to normal daily activities
within a few

Harvey Vs Philophysiology
1. Origin of discovery
a. Ancient Egyptians, Greeks, and the Chinese are responsible for the early study of the heart.
(1) "The ancient Egyptians, Chinese and Greeks are credited with measurement and characterization
of peripheral pulses and their association with illness"
(2) For thousands of years, the only way physicians could examine their patients' hearts was through
palpitations of the pulse.
b. Claudius Galen
(1) The work of Claudius Galen furthered the link between cardiac functions and the pulse.
(2) "Galen's work set the stage for William Harvey's first description of the circulatory system and
thereafter the function of the heart"
c. Electrocardiography modernized the study of cardiac rhythms.
(1) August Desir ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
(a) "An electrical signal from the ventricles causes an early heart beat that generally goes unnoticed"
(b) "The heart then seems to pause until the next beat of the ventricle occurs in a regular fashion"
(2) Ventricular tachycardia
(a) Electrical signals cause the heart to beat faster.
(b) "Arises from the ventricles (rather than from the atria)"
(3) Ventricular fibrillation.
(a) "Electrical signals in the ventricles are fired in a very fast and uncontrolled manner"
(b) The heart begins to quiver.
5. Experiments testing Arrhythmia
(1) At the University of Calgary, scientists have discovered the origin of calcium–triggered
arrhythmias through the use of molecular biology, electrophysiology, and genetically engineering
mice.
(a) Utilizing a genetically modified mouse model they were able to manipulate the sensor.
(b) This allowed them to prevent calcium–triggered arrhythmias.
(2) "The calcium–sensing– gate mechanism discovered here is an entirely novel concept with
potential to shift our general understanding of ion channel gating, cardiac arrhythmogenesis, and the
treatment of calcium–triggered arrhythmias"
(a) These findings further the study of calcium

Ecg Complex Waveform Patterns
.1 Explain the ECG complex waveform pattern (PQRST)
The ECG waveform allows us to monitor the electrical activity of the heart and how the mechanical
side of it is functioning. At the beginning of the ECG wave form is the P complex which is when the
depolarisation of the atrial cells and when the SA (Sino atrial) node induces an electric wave that
travels throughout the heart to cause the muscle cells to contract. After the P wave there is the PR
interval, it is a flat line as the ventricles in the heart are filling up with blood which roughly takes 0.2
seconds. In addition to this the PR interval is also when electrical activity is moving to the ventricles
by being conducted through the bundle of hiss then through the purkinje fibres which ... Show more
Premature beats that occur in the atria are called premature atrial contractions, or (PACs), premature
beats that occur in the ventricles are called premature ventricular contractions or (PVCs). Another
type of arrhythmia is tachycardia also known as fast heart rate, there are numerous of arrhythmias
that fall under this category such as atrial fibliration, which means that the electrical signal don't
begin at the SA node instead they begin near the atria or nearby the pulmonary veins. The electrical
signal will spread throughout the atria in a rapid disorganised way causing it to fibrillate hence
tachycardia. Another type of tachycardia arrhythmia is Wolff–Parkinson–White syndrome or
(WPW) syndrome is a condition in which the heart's electrical signals travel along an extra pathway
from the atria to the ventricles. This extra pathway disrupts the timing of the heart's electrical signals
and can cause the ventricles to beat very fast and can be life threatening. Another class of arrhythmia
are Bradyarrhythmias which cause a slow irregular heartbeat, as an example is sinus pause this
condition is when the heart pauses for brief milliseconds it may miss a beat because its natural
pacemaker fails to conduct the electric signal to the rest of the heart causing

Family Health Assessment
Family Health Assessment: Mohr Family
Grand Canyon University: NRS–429V Family Centered Health Promotion
February 28, 2016
Family Health Assessment: Mohr Family
The Gordon's Functional Health Patterns Assessment is a very useful tool in assessing and
evaluating a family's established health patterns. This enables the health care provider an inside look
at the overall health of the family and assist them in setting goals for better health outcomes for the
entire family. The Mohr family consists of the father, 35 years old, the mother, also 35 years old, a
son, 9 years old, and a daughter, 6 years old. An assessment of the Mohr family was conducted
asking three opened ended questions based on each of Gordon's 11 functional health ... Show more
After assessing the responses provided by the Mohr family, there are two wellness nursing diagnosis
that would be beneficial to this family. The first would be readiness for enhanced family coping
(Weber, 2005). Some defining characteristics for this nursing diagnosis include moving in the
direction of enhancing their lifestyle and health promotion as well as choosing experiences that
optimize wellness (NANDA, 2012). While the family values communication and the parents openly
communicate with one another about issues facing the family, there is very little communicated to
the children about what exactly is going on. Children are known to be extremely intuitive, and while
they might not know the exact circumstances they are able to understand when something is not
"right" at home or with a family member. The main intervention that would be helpful with this
family would be to help the parents to provide concise information about the situation at hand and
be aware of what the children may already know (NANDA, 2012). It is very important to always
remain honest when giving information. Next, help the parents find ways for the children to teach
their children anxiety reduction techniques (NANDA, 2012). Not only will these techniques help
them when faced with serious issues at home, but they will also be beneficial in

Supraventricular Tachycardia
Supraventricular tachycardia:
Supraventricular Tachycardia is a cardio–vascular disease which occasionally results in abnormally
fast heartbeat which is not related to exercise, stress or illness.
Early doctors were researching arrhythmia in heart beat as a result of unknown abnormal neuro–
cardio mechanisms of the heart, one of theories was that SA and AV nodes were interfering with
each other's bio–electrical impulses another theory was that the right side of the septum was
hypersensitive to electrical impulse, all were more else on the right track because we know now that
SVT is a result of a faulty electrical connections of the heart.
The abnormally fast heartbeat caused by SVT, lasts in episodes lasting for several hours. During an
episode

Awareness Of Sudden Cardiac Death In Youth Athletes..
Coresa
AWARENESS OF SUDDEN CARDIAC DEATH IN YOUTH ATHLETES Coresa Poole, BA,
Junior Student at Texas Heart Institute School of Cardiovascular Perfusion In the fall of 1961,
minutes after competing in a 2–mile cross country race, a 14–year–old student was found dead. The
student was in great health and ran up to 5 miles each day. An autopsy revealed that the young
athlete had hypertrophy of the left ventricle due to the left coronary artery being encased between
the aorta and the pulmonary artery. This anomaly, the number one cause of sudden cardiac death in
young athletes, had reduced the blood flow to the left ventricle and caused the student to go into
sudden cardiac arrest. Sudden cardiac death is defined as a natural death resulting from ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Patients with Marfan syndrome present with skeletal abnormalities such as an arm span–height ratio
>1.05, hyperextensibility and ligamentous laxity, scoliosis, and chest wall deformities. The
prevalence of Marfan syndrome is about 1 in 5000–7000 people. Myocarditis is an inflammatory
disease associated with myocyte degeneration and necrosis of nonischemic origin. The most
common cause of myocarditis is a viral infection (e.g., Coxsackie B virus infection). Symptoms may
include dyspnea, fatigue, exercise intolerance, palpitations, and syncope. Myocarditis accounts for
3–7% of sudden cardiac death in youth athletes. Wolff–Parkinson–White (WPW) Syndrome is a
disorder characterized by an accessory pathway that can cause a sudden attack of arrhythmia in
patients with ventricular pre–excitation. Patients with multiple pathways may have ventricular rates
of ≥240 beats per minute, and can experience palpitations or syncope. WPW accounts for 1% of
sudden cardiac deaths in youth athletes. Congenital Long QT Syndrome (LQTS) includes several
inherited disorders caused by cardiac ion channel mutations, which produce prolonged ventricular
repolarization and ultimately cause ventricular tachycardia. Patients may present with symptoms
such as palpitations, syncope, seizure, cardiac arrest, or sudden cardiac death. This group of

Description Of An Electrocardiogram, Or Ecg Or Ekg

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