Family Feud In Anita Desai´S Clear Light Of Day

Family Feud in Anita Desai´s Clear Light of Day
Until a child is eighteen years old, the parents have full responsibility. They provide a stable and
loving environment for their children. As the leaders in a household, caring and loving parents also
maintain the bonds that hold the family together. However, absence of loving parental guidance can
create tension between family members. Anita Desai's Clear Light of Day shows how war,
specifically the partition of India, affects a particular family. The partition of Indian in 1947 created
the separate countries of India and Pakistan, consequently ripping families apart. The partition,
initiated by India's independence from Britain, attempted to accommodate irreconcilable religious
differences between Muslims and Hindus by forming the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
While Clear Light of Day never specifies if Raja converts to Islam, because of his interest in the
Islamic arts and his formation of a new family, Raja represents Muslims breaking apart from India
to form Pakistan.
Like Raja, Tara leaves the family, but she exemplifies the expatriates who flee India to avoid conflict
by taking up new lives in other countries. Tara believes the house she has grown up in is full of
"illness passing from one generation to the other so that anyone who live[s] in it [is] bound to
become ill and the only thing to do [is] to get away, escape" (156). The conflict in the Das house,
caused by the parents' negligence and Raja's departure, spreads like a contagious disease and Tara
knows she has to leave. Marriage provides the escape for Tara, who becomes "taken up with her
husband, her new home, and her new life" (174). She emigrates from India and travels around the
world with her diplomatic husband. She later realizes that she "must have used [her husband] as an
instrument of escape. The completest escape [she] could have made – right out of the country"
(157). Through marriage, Tara is able to create a new life for herself. Like Tara, approximately "15
million people fled their homes" (Hartnack 244) to escape the violence of the partition. By trying to
escape the conflict in her family, Tara symbolizes the expatriates.
As Tara flees India, she leaves her sister Bim behind to take care of their mentally disabled
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

Earth Is A 1998 Indian Period Drama Film Directed By Deepa...
EARTH
Earth is a 1998 Indian period drama film directed by Deepa Mehta. The story is set in Lahore in the
time period directly before and during the partition of India in 1947. The film recounts the holocaust
of Partition through the eyes of Lenny, a crippled Parsi girl. Lenny 's parents live in Lahore with an
army of servants, including the delectable ayah, a beautiful Hindu woman, Shanta.
The movie starts with Lenny revisiting her childhood days as a student coloring her drawing, and
remembering the downfall of British Empire in India as she states something which indicates the
theme of story that it will portray for next 101 minutes and upon which the story will build around.
The words she stated accounts as– "Hindu, Muslim and Sikhs who had lived together as one entity
for centuries suddenly started to clamor for pieces of India for themselves. The arbitrary line of
division the British would draw to carve up India in August of 1947 would scar the subcontinent
forever." This dialogue clearly states that India was very near to getting its independence from the
British Rule and for the final time the nation might have to become a victim to British's much
famous "DIVIDE & RULE" policy which will blow the nation into partition forming 2 separate
countries– INDIA & PAKISTAN and in the dialogue she clearly predicts the ill effects people will
have to face at the time of partition as she says that it would scar the subcontinent forever. Such a
line of difference would be

Cross Border Terrorism And Kashmir
Cross border terrorism in Kashmir
Since the beginning, Pakistan's two nations theory that The Hindu and Muslim cannot stay together
in one umbrella, led to partition of India and birth of Pakistan. Jammu & Kashmir as an unfinished
agenda of partition and consider that being Muslim majority state contiguous with its territory
should be part of Pakistan. After losing three battle (in 1947–48, 1965, 1971 and Kargil conflict in
1999) on the name of the accession of Jammu and Kashmir with Pakistan, they failed. Pakistan very
well knows that in conventional war they will never accession Jammu and Kashmir; they
approached the low conflict intensity war with India by using sub–national actors as a relatively
cheap and easy way to keep Indian forces to tie down and to balance the conventional asymmetry,
for which even death is a laser price to pay. Former Pakistan's foreign minister Zulfikar Ali Bhutto,
in a fiery speech delivered at UN Security Council, condemned India's aggression and declared his
nations intend to "fight for thousand years." Zia's policy took shape after General Zia–ul–Haq had
deposed Bhutto in coup in July 1977, assuming the office of President of Pakistan, he embarked on
a new policy to promote terrorism in India through 'a thousand cuts in Kashmir.' The single act has
brought a conceptual change in the Terrorism warfare theory where idea terrorism has been used.
Radical changes have taken place in the way in which terrorist acts could be committed against

Sucker Punch Gameplay Engineer Questions
Sucker Punch Gameplay Engineer Questions
Question 1
Imagine that you're designing a new attack for an enemy in a melee–focused third–person action
game. Just to choose a random example, let's say it's a Minotaur in a God of War–style game. What
factors do you consider when designing the attack, and how do you prioritize these factors?
Basic factors about the attack:
1. Area: The area in which the attack could potentially fall upon
2. Duration: The duration of the attack
3. Frequency: How often this attack is used
4. Range: The maximum distance the attack can reach
5. Size: The area of effect of the attack
6. Damage: Damage per attack
7. Effects: Extra properties of attack, like poison or slow effect
8. Cooldown: How long does it take to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
For example, the attack speed will be compared to player's movement speed, and attack area will be
compared to the size of the fighting room.
Among these factors, the most important one should be Dogdgeability. Like in the famous action
game Dark Souls, bosses and enemies attack damage is usually quite high and cause players to die a
lot. However, the game still makes players think it is fair, because a lot of attacks are dodgeable by
skillful players. If the attack cannot be dodged systematically, we will be limited when adjusting
other factors of the attack, because the players will always receive damage from the attack. As a
result, the attack cannot be too strong, and the game will be less exciting. On the other hand, if the
attack can be dogdged, we can make it as strong as we like and with all kinds of effects. This
increases the feeling of achievement when player successfully dodged it.
After we design how it could be dodged, we can measure by playtesting how difficult it is to dodge
the attack. After that, we can assign the damage inversely proportional to the rate of successful
dodge. In summary, we could prioritize the factors by groups as following:
(Dodgeability: Area, Duration, Range, Size, Subattack Counts, Preparation, Room Coverage,
Smartness, Movement) > (Frequency, Damage, Effects, Cooldown, Animation) > (Properties,
Environment Destruction)
We could further prioritize the factors in dodgeability group as follows.
First we could decide (Area,

What Are The Advantages And Disadvantages Of Liposomes?
INTRODUCTION:
Among several newer and promising new drug–delivery systems, liposomes represent an advanced
technology to deliver active molecules to the site of action. They were first observed in late 1960.
Their major purpose is to increase the therapeutic index of any drug and minimizing its side effects.
Some of the anti–neoplastic agent are not able to reach at the therapeutic concentration at their site
of action and some conventional drugs have a lot of side effect. One way to overcome this problem
is by releasing the drug at specified site for a certain time period, which in turn maintains the
therapeutic concentration of the drug.
At present, various novel drug delivery systems (site specific, tissue specific, cell specific etc.) are ...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Sterilization of liposome is not possible.
DRUGS PROPERTIES OF INTEREST
Amphoteric drugs like Amphotericin B, porphyrins, minoxidil, some peptides, and anthracyclines,
Hydrophilic drugs, drugs used as anticancer agents, doxorubicin or acyclovir Increase solubility
property of lipophilic and amphiphilic drugs
Antimonials, amphotericin B, porphyrins, immuno–modulators Passively target the cells of the
immune system, especially the mononuclear phagocytic system
Doxorubicin, cytosine arabinoside, cortisones, biological proteins or peptides like vasopressin
Sustained or modified release system for systemic or local site of action
Doxorubicin and amphotericin B Site–avoidance mechanism
Anti–inflammatory drugs, anti–cancer, anti–infection Targeting to particular site or disease organ
(site specific)
Antibiotics, chelators, plasmids, and genes Improved transfer of hydrophilic and charged molecular
drug
Corticosteroids, anesthetics, and insulin Improved penetration of drug to into tissues
I. BASED ON STRUCTURAL PARAMETER:––
Types

India and Pakistan Dispute Essay
India and Pakistan Dispute This dispute dates back to the partition of the British Indian Empire, in
August 1947, into two independent states, Pakistan and India. At that time there were also around
565 princely states, large and small, which were under British suzerainty but were not directly ruled
by the British Government. Most of these states joined either India or Pakistan taking into account
their contiguity to one or the other country and the wishes of their people.
There were, however, some states over which problems arose, primarily because of India's ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In this case, India consistently pressurized the Hindu Ruler to accede to India. Apprehending that the
Hindu ruler was likely to succumb to Indian pressure, the people of Jammu and Kashmir rose
against him, forcing him to flee from Srinagar, the capital of the State. They formed their own
government on 24th October, 1947. On 27th of October, 1947, the Government of India alleged that
the ruler had acceded to India on the basis of a fraudulent instrument of accession, sent its forces
into the State and occupied a large part of Jammu and Kashmir.
But Indian leaders, including Jawahar lal Nehru, the Prime Minister and Lord Mountbatten, the then
Governor General of India, solemnly declared that the final status of Jammu and Kashmir would be
decided by the people of the State. This declaration was reiterated by India at the UN Security
Council when the dispute was referred to that august body, under chapter 6 of the U.N Charter
relating to peaceful settlement of disputes. The Security Council adopted a number of resolutions on
the issue, providing for the holding of a fair and impartial plebiscite in Jammu and Kashmir under
UN auspices to enable the Kashmiri people to exercise their right of self–determination and join
either Pakistan or India. The UN also deployed the United Nations Military Observer Group
(UNMOGIP) to monitor the cease–fire line

Conflict Between India And Pakistan
Conflict in Kashmir has been both devastating and ongoing since the Partition of India and Pakistan
in 1947. The conflicts themselves arose from Partition, stemming from the religious dichotomies
between Hindus and Muslims. The question is, was this religious conflict a result of impending and
inevitable religious tensions in pre–Partition India, or does it stem primarily from British
manipulation, disorganization, and negligence in the withdraw of the British Empire? While there
were pre–existing tensions among religious groups in India, it was not until British occupation that
these tensions were amplified and manipulated. While the conflict cannot be solely attributed to
either preexisting religious tensions or British mishandling of policies, the catalyst for violence can
be attributed to a combination of both factors. In an effective power play, the British yoked the
differences among Indians in an unprecedented manner. This would act as the platform for a legacy
of ongoing violence and discord among people that once lived harmoniously together. To fully
understand the nature of the ongoing conflict between India and Pakistan in Kashmir, it is necessary
to understand the relationship between British manipulation and the differences within the Indian
population. By examining the way in which British power influenced the existing perceptions of
these differences, one can attempt to understand the dividing (rather than coexisting) diversities.
Additionally, the conflicts

The Partition Of India By Ian Talbot And Gurharpal Singh
task for the sake of promoting the Hindu political interests. Also, that Ghandi was just seeking
Hindu–Muslim unity. Different groups of people living together cannot constitute a nation unless
they have common sympathy, agreement, and interest to an extent. The Hindus and Muslims do not
share any common opinions in which they realized a separation between these two religious nations
must occur. "Jinnah now finally realized that the Muslim's, as a separate community, had no political
prospects in India. They had no chance of sharing political power with the Hindus; they must either
surrender their individuality or cut themselves adrift front the Hindus. The Congress ultimatum was
thus the signal for parting of the ways which, by inevitable stages, led to Pakistan." This is what
ultimately led to the partition after India gained independence. It took nearly three decades of
nationalist struggle for India to finally break free from the British and gain their independence. The
novel, "The Partition of India" written by Ian Talbot and Gurharpal Singh go into great detail about
the partition. In this book they say, "The final period of colonial rule in India from 1945 onwards
was dominated by one consideration: the manner and the timing of the British departure." Upon the
British departure of India struck a series of violent acts that began with the Great Calcutta Killing in
1946, which was a day of widespread manslaughter in the city of Calcutta in the Bengal province of

The Struggle Over Kashmir, By Mohandas Gandhi
Introduction
The name Kashmir has become synonymous with slaying, destruction and religious massacre in
South Asia. Ever since the partition of India in 1947, when Britain dismantled its Indian empire,
India and Pakistan have been archrivals. What makes this conflict interesting, conversely, is how
much they hate one another. The hostility between these two has been rooted not only in religion
and history, but is exemplified by the long–running battle over the control of Jammu and Kashmir.
Which has recently intensified into a treacherous nuclear arms race.
How the conflict arose?
In order to completely understand the struggle over Kashmir, it is important to understand the
history of this longtime conflict. During the early 1900 's ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
In just a period of four days over 5,000 people were killed during religious riots in the Indian city of
Calcutta. After the partition of India and Pakistan, to stop Kashmir from being a part of India,
Pakistan invaded them and tried to gain control. The Maharaja of Kashmir at the time fled to India
and offered a deal to let Kashmir be under Indian control if India would defend Kashmir from
further invasion. India agreed and immediately sent out troops to fight off the Pakistani invaders. Per
the agreement, the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir makes up about 45% of Kashmir. Pakistan
controls three areas known as Azad Kashmir, Gilgit and Baltistan, which make up about 35% of
Kashmir. Finally, China controls one area called Aksai Chin equaling to 20% of Kashmir. The
people of Kashmir have the same rights and privileges as any Indian citizen. The government of
India has built schools, hospitals and police stations for the Kashmiri people. But, the people of
Kashmir preferred to be a part of Pakistan due to their Islamic beliefs. Pakistan does not
acknowledge the control of Kashmir by India and still considers it their land.
Conflict
The most significant issue that divides these longtime rivals is not just nuclear arms or religious
beliefs. But also with the two most essential human needs: water and protection. The water that

The Partition onf India
The Partition of India in August, 1947 was a significant event in history that accounted for the
separation of one of the world's oldest civilization into two, independent nations – Pakistan and
India. Like many other wars in history, The Partition of India was instigated by religious, political
and social conflict. This resulted in violence, discrimination and the largest human displacement in
contemporary history. While the Partition was well–studied, much of our understanding was focused
on the political side of history, not the human side of it. This was why oral history played an
important role in manifesting the complexity of a historical event. Our focus here is Maya Rani's
testimony from Butalia's book, The Other Side of Silence: ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
To Rani, 'people dying here, others dying there' (cited in Butalia, 2000, p.268) was something that
happened every day, it was no surprise to her. Thus, Rani's cynical view about the future of India
and Pakistan was conceivably drawn from memories of witnessing horrendous fights and strife
throughout her whole life (cited in Butalia, 2000, p.268).
Official documents have little say about women and children of the Partition as they were viewed as
a collective. Earlier reports on the abduction of women only gave the reader the statistics and brief
statements that glorified community nationalism rather than the victims itself. Many failed to dwell
into the individual trauma of this particular group (Menon & Bhasin, 1998, p.11). Rani's testimony
was significant in that not only it opened us to another outlook from a witness point of view; it also
revealed that people who were not physically involved were also affected psychologically. This was
also the only part in the testimony where Rani displayed sympathy and grievance. Her sensitivity
and deep connection with these victims correlated with age and gender. Her emphasis on the words
'young' and 'girl' throughout her testimony evoked our sense of disbelief that people would do such
inhumane things to each other (cited in Butalia, 2000, p.271). Her hesitant manner, evident

Identify The Complex World Of Identity
Identifying the complex world of Identity
Overview
The concept of identity is difficult to define as it is ambiguous. It can be interpreted from many
different perspectives, and environments. In its most basic form it is the way that people see
themselves. This includes one's assumptions about them 'self' as Cliford Geertz would put it, and the
society around them. Furthermore scholarship defines identity as "the way people see themselves in
the context of nature, and how people see animate and inanimate aspects of the natural world."
(Hoffman, 1998) We live in an all–encompassing society however so identity includes all ranges
from national, social, personal, environmental, religious, and even political identities.
A popular branch under ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Their whole ethnic, and cultural identity was completely disrupted as they were forced to leave their
homes, and became trapped in the notion that they became refugees. They were trapped inside of
'no–mans–land' outside of their own country, and it gave the existing territory whose border they
were enclosed in the authority to treat them as lesser human beings. Over many generations this led
the identity of the enclave residents to be forever tarnished. Some never had the chance to learn how
to read or write. They were deprived of basic human rights, medical care, and government subsidies
and so on. Collectively the 'identity' in which all these enclave members formerly had which tied
them to their place of birth was completely taken away from them. (Johnson,

The Economic Implications Of The Civilization Of India
One of these complications was their Economic instability. Following the partition, the first
consequence, was the uneven distribution of area and population. India was burdened with with 82%
of the population and only procured 77% of the total area. The remaining 18% of population along
with 23% of the total area went over to Pakistan. However, it is only when we look at the way in
which the agricultural resources were distributed, that the real loss that India experiences become
evident. Respective of the partition, 84% of the diffused area was handed to India, while the
remaining 16% went to Pakistan. Although Pakistan got slightly less than what its population would
demand, they more than made up for it, through the benefit of irrigation facilities. Out of the 70
million acres of irrigated land in the undivided country, 67% (48 million) went to India and 33% (22
million) went to Pakistan. Ergo, 45.2% of the total area Pakistan dominated, was made up of
irrigation works, the reciprocal percentage in the Republic of India was only 18.9%. Pakistan, not
only received a larger share of irrigated land, but also, India had the percentage of irrigated land that
was only of protective nature (eg. they were only in place as last resort in times of famine conditions
as opposed to feeding the entire population). This was especially so of the irrigation land in the
South of India, notably in Bombay, Mysore and Madras. The partition, therefore, hauled India to
have greater dependence on the whimsical of rainfall, reckoning for the their annual fluctuations in
agricultural production. This was detrimental to India's well being as even before the partition, India
had a shortcoming in food, more specifically grains. This partition only further aggravated the
problem. This can be seen through India having 82% of the population, but only producing 65% of
the total crops. This was not so for the Pakistani population as they produced about one million
tonnes of surplus food. The partition was therefore conducive in precipitating a net loss of 700,000 –
800,000 of annual supply in the Indian union. Additionally, the partition also initiated a severe
shortage of raw cotton and raw–jute as well. This effected the Indian economy

Importance of Good Precedents for Sustaining Democracies...
There are many different reasons why the partition of India occurred. When Britain oppressed India,
they had a divide–and–conquer policy that exacerbated the religious and cultural rifts that already
existed in the society. The Muslim League, which believed in the ideology of "Pakistan", actively
campaigned to gain more support for the Muslims in India, especially under the guidance of
dynamic leaders like Jinnah. Pakistani leader and founder Muhammad Ali Jinnah believed that this
partition was inevitable since "'[a] united India would never have worked'" (Komireddi 2009). He
and others thought that a unified state would only lead to the relegation of Muslims to the fringe of
society and, ultimately, to violence and civil war. The Indian ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The east and west sides of Pakistan were not divided over religion (they were mostly all Muslim),
rather the division was on the basis of culture and language. West Pakistan was Punjabi while East
Pakistan was Bengali. In 1971, there was a major war between India and Pakistan and the east side
of Pakistan split off into what is today called Bangladesh. For the purposes of this essay, we will be
focusing on just Pakistan and India.
The people in both countries have very common and even interlocked backgrounds, so how is it that
these countries have very divergent political atmospheres since partition? India, adapting from the
legacy of British rule and the Government of India Act 1935 for its constitution, kept the idea of
federalism and was also successful in operating its political system within the formal democracy.
Except for 18 months between 1975 and 1977 India maintained its democratic institutions. In the
five decades since partition, there have been twelve legislative elections and many more state
assembly elections. There have been seven peaceful transfers of power between rival political
parties at the central (federal) level (Varshney 1998). Since 1967, the party that ruled in New Delhi
has not ruled in nearly half of the states (Varshney 1998). A fleeting sample of the morning
newspapers will show that the press in India has remained diverse, dynamic, free, and altogether
unafraid to

India And Pakistan Dbq
India and Pakistan emerged from British rule during 1947, while Algerians gained independence
from the French in 1962. However, each new nation rose in very ways. Great Britain attempted to
avoid war, while France fought one with their colony. The British cleverly gave India independence
and withdrew before fighting broke out, unlike the French who stubbornly retaliated against the
violent rebellions of native Algerians with guerrilla warfare. Recognizing India's partition between
Hindus and Muslims as a step towards war, the British government quickly withdrew and allowed
India to gain independence and settle its own affairs, an insightful choice as it ultimately avoided a
civil war. Jawaharlal Nehru and Mohandas Gandhi both sought an independent, ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
The end of WWII fueled Algeria's nationalist sentiments when successful countries called other
countries to rise up against their colonial rulers (Bentley 895). The French realized that its various
colonies were trying to gain independence and the French focused their authority on only Algeria,
allowing all other colonies to gain independence (Bentley 895). That action showed France's
determination to control Algeria, for resources, security of their own country, and their own honor.
Algeria, already motivated by nationalism, was triggered when French authorities fired shots into a
peaceful Algerian nationalist rally in Sétif (Bentley 895). Mass revolution broke out state–wide.
Unlike the British in India or Pakistan, France dug in its heels and sent half a million troops to
combat rebellions, but that just further inspired the revolutionaries (Bentley 895). They kept fighting
the Algerian rebels instead of avoiding violence. One man who helped motivate insurrection was a
man named Frantz Fanon who supported Algerian independence, specifically by using of violence
(Bentley 896). In The Wretched of the Earth, he said "violence is a cleansing force. It frees the
native from his inferiority complex and from his despair and inaction". It gives natives a reason to
rebel because there is a chance of success. Fanon

Importance Of Erformance Tuning And Partitioning
erformance tuning and partitioning go hand in hand, in that partitioning is one you can take to tune
performance from a database level, so I will start out with explaining tuning and then go into detail
about partitioning.
Performance tuning can take place from a DBA perspective, at the full database level, or from a
Developer perspective, on the level of individual packages/procedures/functions and SQL queries.
Before initiating performance tuning, you need to know where your performance bottlenecks are.
There are a number of ways a DBA can determine where the bottlenecks are, including AWR
reports, which can show the DBA what areas show the highest wait times. Once the specific SQL
statements or PL/SQL code has been targeted, we can ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Once a table is partitioned, it is easier and faster to access the data in the table, because a query can
access just one or a group of partitions on the table, rather than accessing all of the data in the parent
table. You can even specify a partition to use in your query. Queries can also work in parallel on the
table, running through multiple partitions at once, which is especially helpful if you find you can't
avoid a full table scan. So, even if your partitions aren't set up logically to your query, there is a
performance improvement to partitioning. There are several options for the type of partitioning you
can do. One common method is to partition by a range of data, for instance a date range. This is
helpful if your table has a lot of historical data, and only the newest data is normally accessed or
updated, rather than accessing ALL of the historical data, you can access just the latest data. It's
possible, on the other hand, that your table is usually accessed by a column with distinct values,
such as a department id, in which case it might be better to use list partitioning, or you could have a
composite partition, such as a range–list partition, such as organizing the partitions by department id
and a date. There is a drawback to partitioning in that you have to specify each of the partitions. If
you

The Partition Of Indian Subcontinent
The partition of Indian subcontinent into Pakistan and India in 1947 left unresolved the status of
Kashmir, after 60–70 years it is clear that Pakistan must recognize that India has Kashmir and that
the conflict has been settled over time, and most people are happy with that fact. There has been a
continual use of force by the upset and unhappy people of Pakistan. The tension between India and
Pakistan has continued for over six decades and at an enormous cost. This partition is one of the
biggest reasons why the relationship between Pakistan and India has struggled throughout history.
Throughout this paper I will address the main reasons why India ruling Kashmir is a positive thing
for the Kashmiri people.
Dating back to the partition of India in 1947, the disputes in Kashmir continue on in our present day.
This conflict mainly involves India, Pakistan, and China over disputes in territory. This problem was
spread throughout a range of states that were run by Maharaja's prevailing within the newly
independent countries Pakistan and India (Insight on Conflict 2016). The people living in India
before the 1947 partition had the choice of either joining India or Pakistan, the people were not
entitled to remain independent (Kanwal 2014). Maharaja Hari Singh at the time did not want to
choose between the states of India and Pakistan he preferred to be independent. He signed an
agreement to stay neutral with the both India and Pakistan, this was an honor to India but Pakistan

India 's 9 / 11
India's 9/11
The Mumbai Attacks on November 26th, 2008, an event that would scar Indians for many years to
come, shook India to its core. India and Pakistan have had many past conflicts including four
different wars following their independence from Britain. These previous conflicts between the two
nations eventually led to the attacks on Mumbai, India's commercial gem, in 2008. The attack
consisted of multiple synchronized bombings and shootings across Mumbai, resulting in 166 deaths,
including six Americans, and over 308 wounded. India claims that the attackers were members of a
Pakistani militant organization known as Lakshar–e–Taiba, meaning "army of the good". According
to many eyewitness testimonies, emails back and forth between ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
India had finally gained independence after 350 years of British presence. The plan for partition
began when Britain ultimately handed over self–governance to India. After receiving its
independence, India was further separated due to religious tensions between Muslims and Hindus
living together. Because of these conflicts, Pakistan was formed the following day on August 15,
1947. Under the Mountbatten Plan, India was formed out of mostly Hindu regions and Pakistan was
created out of the primarily Muslim regions. Pakistan was formed into two dominions: East Pakistan
and West Pakistan. At the beginning of their independence, both countries dealt with both ruined
lands and economies. The partition ended up leaving both Pakistan and India distraught. Riots
erupted, looting broke out, women were raped, and over 15 million refugees were forced into
unfamiliar regions. These refugees crossed borders into regions of the two new countries that were
completely foreign to them. Women were raped and abused by both Muslims and Hindus, and each
day trains filled with beaten women and children would arrive between the borders of Pakistan and
India.
The first war between India and Pakistan, which started in October 1947, was one of the first major
events that led to the modern–day hatred between these two nations. British policy stated that the
numerous princely states would have to

The poorly-planned withdrawal of the British from its...
The poorly–planned withdrawal of the British from its Indian 'colony' left close to one million
people dead and created chaos, hatred and violence that lasted over 50 years and forced Winston
Churchill to condemn it as the 'shameful flight.' These historical events complicated the histories of
India, Britain and Pakistan because of the ill–informed partition program carried out by British
authorities. The Shameful Flight covers the periods between the fall of Singapore to the Japanese in
February 1942 and Assassination of Mahatma Gandhi in 1948. In this book, Wolpert's thesis argues
against the death of hundreds of thousands of people who died after the partition of India. For
example, Wolpert believes that the catastrophe resulted from ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Wolpert is a history professor at the University of California. Accordingly, his sources include
numerous history books, teaching experience and the many books he has authored about India's
history and its leaders.
The main argument of the book is that the British rule in India was incompetent thus led to deaths
and political violence that could have been avoided through proper leadership skills. I believe the
author has used everything at his disposal to argue strongly in support of this argument. He has done
extremely well because of the unlimited evidence that he gives in his book. Wolpert has used exact
dates and names of people to show his authority over the topic and provide a persuading argument
that convinces the reader that the British is at fault.
In conclusion, the Shameful Flight recounts how the ill–informed partition of India and Pakistan
prompted widespread violence that displaced tens of millions of people from their homes and left
another one million dead. From the evidence provided by Wolpert, it is clear that this partition was
ill–planned and unnecessary. The argument of Wolpert is straightforward and backed by traceable
evidence. The author ensures that he writes an easy to read book to pass a fortune of historical
information and whet the appetite of readers for further reading regarding the India/Pakistan
situation. This book has enlightened my

Indira Gandhi Analysis
Rough draft This is a document explaining why indira gandhi was a good prime minister and why
her assassination was unjust. Indira gandhi was the first woman leader of india and came to be the
prime minister and a very successful leader. she lead india in a way that many of india's citizens
would only dream of she was very brave and did some things very little have achieved like settling
disputes between certain government parties. As well as she helped with the countries famine and
food shortages but there were some who believed that she was reckless and was unfit to be prime
minister so the assassination of indira gandhi unjust because she was a very thought leader and cared
very much for her citizens she also was very good at politics and knew when to do certain things but
there were people who disliked her and believed she wasn't a good prime minister her to body
guards were the ones who killed her using there submachine guns to kill her at the time she was
walking through her palace garden when she was assassinated the reason they assassinated her was
because they had hopes that a better leader could be chosen. Indira gandhi was a very successful
leader and achieved many things throughout her three terms she had various ties to different
government members. Her father would take her to his office and while he worked she got to meet
her fathers friends and as she got older and more into politics she then relied on these adults as
mentors. Then when she became prime

The Effect Of Conflict: The Conflict Of Kashmir, And Kashmir
Conflict Jammu and Kashmir is being contested by India and Pakistan as their integral part since
1947. The conflict of Kashmir started at the time of the partition of the subcontinent into two
countries, India and Pakistan in 1947. It was decided that the Muslim majority states will accede to
Pakistan and the Hindu majority states will go to India. Jammu and Kashmir despite being a Muslim
majority state had to accede to India by the virtue of instrument of accession signed between the
Maharaja and Lord Mount Batten, the then Governor General of India (Schofield, 2010).The
problem of Jammu and Kashmir could have only been solved through a plebiscite which the then
Prime minister of India promised to the people of Kashmir and was also upheld ... Show more
Effect of Conflict: In Kashmir the conflict caused damage of a huge magnitude in terms of loss of
human lives, destruction of infrastructure, detention of civilians, gendered violence in the form of
rape and sexual harassment, torture and extra judicial executions. All the institutions were disrupted
which had a direct impact on people. According to MSF there is hardly any family in Kashmir that
has not been affected by the conflict (Jarundi, 2002). Almost all the people have suffered in such a
way which is beyond the endurance of common people (Amin & Khan, 2009).The direct impact
caused by the conflict is just the 'tip of an iceberg'. The conflict comes with lot of other
consequences as well which are not well documented very often (Murthy & Lakshminarayana,
2006). Besides the direct impact there is an indirect psychological impact which has been to some
extent documented like Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Traumatic events which one
witnesses during the conflict can have a profound and lasting impression on the emotional,
cognitive, behavioral and physiological functioning of an individual. Conflict literally challenges
ones survival, development, health and overall

The Green Revolution Essay: The Partition Of India
Partition of India
The Partition of India consists of a new country being made. This was done because of many
cultural differences between Muslims and Hindus. They did not accept each other, so terrorized each
others houses, many rallies where formed and there was much chaos in the entire area. Pakistan was
where the Muslims were driven to and the Hindus stayed in India. Before Pakistan was created
Muslims and Hindus lived in the same country called British India. Muslims were thought to be of a
lower class and were not accepted by the Hindus. Even taking water from a Hindu well would not
be accepted.
More mutinies than normal broke down and the government couldn't take it anymore. They asked
for help from the British to come up with an idea to unify the people. The Indian government asked
for help from the England government. The government did not want anything to do with the
problem so send Mount Batton, the cousin of the king and his wife together with a huge amount of
British soldiers called the Gurkhas over to end the problems. Their role was to withdrawal the UK
form British India and restore peace.
There were three main ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
These where led by Norman Borlaug, the "Father of the Green Revolution". This revolution saved
over a billion people from starvation and involved the development of many varieties of grains,
irrigation, infrastructure, modernization, distribution of new seeds, fertilizers and pesticides. The
name "Green Revolution" Came from the peaceful and environmental ideas, unlike the violent "Red
Revolution" or the "White Revolution". The first research was on different kinds of rice and wheat,
the most important kind of food crops for yet developing countries. The breeding of improved
mutated plants, combined with the new use of fertilizer and new pesticide spray saved many Asian
and Latin American

Indian Nationalsim Essay
Indian Nationalsim
Indian nationalism was not a simple unification of Indians against colonial rule. There were many
complexities involved in forming an organization that sought to speak on behalf of the people, and
many of these challenges were posed to the Indian National Congress because their leadership
consisted of the Hindu elite. In 1885, the Indian National Congress was formed through the
initiative of Allen Octavian Hume, and it quickly became the chief organization representing the will
of the common people and sought to lead the Indians in their struggle for freedom. The major
drawbacks of the early nationalists was that the movement was confined to educated Indians and the
middle class, while their method of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
On October 16, 1905, Lord Curzon partitioned Bengal on the pretext of it being too big to
administer. Instead of dividing it based on areas not considered part of Bengal, they based the
division on Hindus and Muslims. The British thought that through the partition, they would succeed
in dividing Hindu politicians of western and eastern Bengal and increase Hindu– Muslim tensions.
The tremor of partition was felt throughout India and many regarded it as an insult and challenge to
Indian Nationalism. Consequently, the moderates of the Congress launched movements and the
protests, Swadeshi and Swaraj, became the slogan of the common man and the whole of India was
drawn into the Nationalist movement in one way or another.
For many Muslims, the only way to respond to the British and the Congress was through the
formation of the All India Muslim League in 1906. This acted as a direct challenge to the National
Congress' authority to speak on behalf of the nation. The Congress was also facing challenges
because they continually tried to depolitisize the internal social problems of India, and focus on the
problems of British Raj. While the Congress called for mass action they were also implying elite
control, and more peasants were becoming worried that their concerns would not be addressed.
The Congress was now faced with the problem of not only addressing the peasants concerns, but
also securing them as members of the movement. Up until this point they had systematically

Data Partition Properties And Its Structure For Preparing...
Map/Reduce is a structure for preparing parallelizable issues crosswise over gigantic datasets
utilizing a substantial number of PCs (hubs), all things considered alluded to as a group i.e. if all
hubs are on the same local network and use the same hardware) or a framework i.e. if the hubs are
shared crosswise over geologically and authoritatively conveyed systems, and use a more
heterogenous hardware. Handling can happen on data saved either in a file system – unstructured or
in a database – organized. Map/Reduce can exploit domain of data, preparing it on or close to the
storage resources with a specific end goal to reduce the length over which it must be transmitted.
Jiaxing et al. proposes SUDO, an advancement system that reasons about data partition
characteristics, working properties, and data shuffling. They contend that reasoning about data
partition properties crosswise phases opens up chances to reduce extravagant data shuffling. For
instance, in the event that we realize that data partitions from past computation phases as of now
have alluring properties for the following phase, we have the method to stay away from superfluous
data shuffling steps. The fundamental obstruction to reasoning about data partition properties
crosswise over processing phases is the utilization of UDFs [4]. At the point when a UDF is viewed
as a "black–box", which is typically the case, we must expect conservatively that all data partition
characteristics are lost subsequent to applying

Interpreting Northern Ireland By E. Moxon-Browne
Summary of a Review E. Moxon–Browne's review of John Whyte's Interpreting Northern Ireland
was quite favorable. Moxon–Browne discusses first Whyte's unbiased approach and dedication to
the North Ireland Conflicts. He emphasizes that Whyte had spent his entire life dedicated to
researching and summarizing the problems and solutions in the North Ireland conflict. Moxon–
Browne goes on to cover Whyte's interpretations and understanding of the topic. Whyte states that
the viewpoints of Nationalist, Unionist, Marxist, and Internal Conflict are the main ways to interpret
the North Ireland conflict. Moxon–Browne agrees that these four are the predominant ways to view
the conflict, however, he accentuates Whyte's belief of many, varied solutions ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
Controversy swarms this topic because many believe partition to be an inherently evil British
concept, along with it being one of the main causes for an escalated North Ireland conflict. John
Whyte covered this topic using the Organizational Process method. When Britain decided to return
Ireland to a state of Home Rule, the Ulster unionist backlash was huge. Faced with a crisis, Ireland's
officials were slow to act. Britain stepped in to try to hastily resolve the conflict. British parliament
proceeded to view the conflict along pre–established nationality lines of Catholic nationalists and
Protestant unionists. Parliament ignored the fact that many Protestant unionists were not organized
or firm on their position against Home Rule. Britain did not understand that Protestant unionists
were able to be coerced or appeased without partition. Britain also chose to partition because it was
one of the first solutions presented, one that they were quick to use in foreign affairs. They failed to
realize that countries like India and Palestine were thrown into decades of turmoil because Britain or
Britain's allies chose to partition the countries. Partition was also one of the resource efficient ways
of calming down the Irish. After entering WWI, British attention was not fully focused on the North
Ireland conflict. After hastily pushing Home Rule through, the final rejection

India Pakistan Negotiation is Best in the Interest of...
India Pakistan Negotiation is Best in the Interest of Pakistan
The ongoing rivalry and military grievances between India and Pakistan have compelled both the
countries to invest a considerable amount of their resources into defense which could be better
utilized in initiating development projects. Decades of internal political disputes and low levels of
foreign investment have led to slow growth and underdevelopment in Pakistan. Agriculture accounts
for more than one–fifth of output and two–fifths of employment. Textiles account for most of
Pakistan's export earnings, and Pakistan's failure to expand a viable export base for other
manufactures has left the country vulnerable to shifts in world ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Even the leaders of nascent state of Pakistan were warned that they must fence the way leading to
Jammu or they would lose Kashmir. India deprived Pakistan of this right by claiming Kashmir to be
a part of India's territory. India is adamant on maintaining that Jammu and Kashmir are its integral
part. In 1947, India and Pakistan had war over Kashmir. During the war, it was India which first
took the Kashmir dispute to the United Nations on 1st January 1948 and in the following year on
1stJanuary 1949, the UN enforced ceasefire between the two countries (Pakistan Mission To United
Nations).Sixty six years have passed since then and throughout the period Kashmiris have given a
lot of sacrifices. Pakistan's government and leadership today seem eager to find a "solution" to the
issue with India. Since 1953, more than 150 sessions of talks have been held in vain The Kashmir
issue has remained unresolved till date with people having multiple views regarding the ownership
of Kashmir. Both India and Pakistan wish to make Kashmir a part of their territory because Kashmir
has so many valuable resources such as natural gas and gypsum (Encyclopedia Britannica),so both
countries want to achieve a competitive edge over the other. In addition to this, the identified
potential of Hydro electric power is enough to provide the full existing energy requirements of
Pakistan and half of India which enhances the value of Kashmir for both the nations ( Hydro
Electric powers– Jammu

Essay On Partition Of India
During Partition of India, it is now estimated that more than 75,000 women were kidnapped and
raped. As there was total pandemonium at that time, there were no genuine records which can be
used to verify these facts and figures. There was an iota of doubt that the number was larger than
what was declared. Immediately the state was made alert of the problem of lost women by means of
the reports filed by their respective families. The state constituted search committees consisting of
social workers, mostly police and women, whose task was to go into each other's countries to
recover the kidnapped women. It is to be noted that they were granted with the official permission as
well. The search operation to recover the kidnapped women in India, popularly identified as the
Central Recovery Operation, was carried on ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He informed the Secretary of State in April 1947 that Partition of India had become unavoidable. All
this proves that the responsibility of Partition goes to the Muslim League in general and M.A. Jinnah
in particular. Though the Congress tried to prevent the Partition from taking place, it became
unavoidable because the leaders had taken different moves. Jawaharlal Nehru and Kripalani showed
their alacrity for dividing the nation. Jinnah was in a most worried and annoyed mood as a result of
the Partition of Bengal and the Punjab. The draft of the Partition was shown to M.A. Jinnah on the
10th April 1947 who refused it immediately. He levelled the charges against the fraudulence and
hypocrisy of the British. However, the Viceroy had already finalised his plan of the Partition by that
time. On the 25th April 1947 the Viceroy printed the secret news of Partition which created a lot of
disturbance all over the sub–continent. All the Hindus, Muslims and Sikhs were perturbed and
annoyed by the contents of the

Kashmir's Conflict : The Conflict Of Kashmir And Kashmir
Jammu and Kashmir
Dhruv Malhotra
In the summer of 1947, millions forcefully emigrated from India to Pakistan. People were uprooted
from their homeland and sent to live in Pakistan. Some would travel on foot, some on carriages, but
most by Train. The trains were given a warm sending off by the officials and sent on their way. As
the train reached Pakistan, the doors opened and out flowed a pool of blood. Almost everyone on the
train had been massacred. One of those people was my great–grand father. Thus escalated the great
conflict between India and Pakistan, more specifically, the conflict of Kashmir.
Kashmir is a state India, that shares a border with Pakistan, and since the partition of India and
Pakistan, it has been disputed land. Both countries claim the land is theirs, which as subsequently
caused several wars between the two. My stance on the issue is to call for autonomy. To give Jammu
and Kashmir self governance which will let the state make the decisions rather than the two
countries. It ensures peace for the people of the state, rather than wealth for either country.
Kashmir was originally a part of India when the conflict began, though, due to its high Muslim
population, it leaned more towards Pakistan. According to The Times of India, "53% of the
population of Kashmir is Muslim" and wants to "secede to Pakistan". However, the conflict arises
because Kashmir is also a part of Jammu. The two combine to make one state with is effectively
known as Jammu and Kashmir. Jammu, according to The Times of India, "wants to stay with India".
India's stance on this conflict is give a portion of Kashmir to Pakistan, establishing a line of control.
Emigrating the Muslim population that wants to leave Indian governance for Pakistani governance.
India wants Jammu and the majority of Kashmir, giving but a portion to Pakistan. Both countries
prefer wealth over peace. Kashmir's biggest imports are cloth, grain, salt and sugar. Which provide
helpful to fuel the economy especially for the middle class that constitutes majority of the
population of either country. India's plan is to implement this concept and gain control of the
majority of Jammu and Kashmir. If Pakistan were to comply with this plan, their objections

Research Paper On Partition Of India
The Partition of India was the partition of the British Indian Empire that gave birth to the two
independent and sovereign states of the Dominion of Pakistan which was later split into the Islamic
Republic of Pakistan and the People's Republic of Bangladesh and the Union of India later Republic
of India on 15 August 1947. "Partition" here refers not only refers to the segregation of two nations,
but also to the respective divisions of other assets of army and navy, valuable minerals in central
treasury and other administrative possessions of the respective countries. This partition has been
termed as the largest human migration in history to have ever taken place. That being said it also has
paid the price of loss of lives which are innumerable, from being 200,000 to 500,000 recorded
deaths and 14 million Hindus, Sikhs and Muslims being displaced from this partition. ... Show more
Indeed, the Partition of India and Pakistan, a decision made by lawmakers far from the front–lines,
unleashed an episode of brutal depravity that might be unmatched in recent history. Growing
tensions between Hindus and Muslims throughout the 1940s gave a ride for the desire for a Muslim
state. Muhammad Ali Jinnah, who is regarded as the father of Pakistan, believed that a unified
nation would only lead to marginalization of Muslims and, eventually, violence and civil war. An
independent state seemed a solution to this danger. However looking at the grave situation of
Pakistan today, was this a good decision or not is a highly debatable point of discussion running past
the minds of

Kashmir Issue
These claims are often reinforced with partisan interpretation of history and selective evidence. The
real attitude and concrete policies towards the dispute, however, are often governed by perception of
short term "national interests" as defined by dominant political elite of the two countries the interests
that apparently are irreconcilable and non–negotiable.
While each side sticks to its claims over Kashmir, the Kashmiri Muslims continue to pay a heavy
price for their defiant struggle against overwhelming odds in order to exercise their right of self
determination. For more than half a century the Kashmiris are oscillating between uncertainty and
destitution. They continue to suffer misery and repression under illegal Indian ... Show more content
75 lac. Hence onward the Muslim population of Kashmir came under continuous torment of the
cruel Sikh rulers. They tried to strengthened their hold on the State with the singular aim of
shattering the will of their Muslim subjects, crushing their religious zeal. They cowed them down
into accepting the slavery of the Hindu minority.
The genesis of the Kashmir issue is that in August 1947, when partition of the sub–continent took
place, Lord Mountbatten, the viceroy of undivided India, influenced Radcliff into awarding the
predominantly Muslim district of Gurdaspur, situated in the East Punjab, to India. By this
treacherous act, admitted by Lord Mountbatten himself on nation wide British television, the cruel
Viceroy not only subjected a Muslim majority area to the cursed Hindu domination, it also sowed
the seed from which could crop up the domination of India on another predominantly Muslim State
Kashmir, because it is only through a narrow strap in the Gurdaspur district that India was linked
with Kashmir. The canker in no time cropped up into the "Kashmir Problem" that has ever since
proved to be a serious threat to the security of the South Asian region.
Pakistan has made a lot of efforts to break the strangled hold of India on Kashmir, including third
party's mediations but the fate of Kashmiris is

Land Reforms Of Pakist A Important Source Of Political And...
Land Reforms in Pakistan
Land has always been a decisive element in deciding the social class structure in agrarian and rural
societies. It is a status symbol, source of income, means of production and an important source of
political and social influence. The agrarian structure inherited by Pakistan, after independence, was
socially divisive and due to this very same reason it has been a matter of concern for policy makers
since independence. Many agricultural reforms have been carried out in Pakistan since
independence to eradicate this social division, improve the condition of tenants, abolish feudalism
and to increase productivity but no major improvement has been seen as a result of these land
reforms. This essay discusses about these land reform in detail and lays out the major attributes and
agendas of these land reforms. It also debates about the major reasons which hindered the fair
implementation of these land reforms.
There have been six land reforms which will be discussed in detail. The reforms which will be
discussed are:
1. The Land Reforms in Reverse
2. The Provincial Tenancy Act (1950s)
3. East Pakistan Acquisition and Tenancy Act, 1950 (Earlier Known as East Bengal State
Acquisition and Tenancy Act, 1950)
4. The Land Reforms of 1959 (Report of the Land Reform Commission for West Pakistan, 1959)
5. Land Reforms Regulation, 1972
6. Land Reforms Act of 1977
The Land Reforms in Reverse
Power of landlords increased after the creation of Pakistan. "The

The Link between Violent Video Games and Behavior
Get ready for another week of the Info Channel. Our topic for today, is South Asia. This is the
channel that teaches you about the history, people, and fun facts of the world.
We'll be right back, after the commercial.
Have you ever pondered about the unfairness in India? Have you ever heard of the caste system?
The caste system is the categorization of social groups in India. The first cast is the Brahmin,
consisting of people that have a job relating to religion such as priests. The next cast is the
Kshatriya, with warriors and rulers. The next is Vaishya, formed of merchants and traders. The last
is Shudra, consisting of peasants and unskilled workers. The untouchables do the dirtiest jobs, and
are so low class that they aren't even put into a caste group. People in different caste groups can't
marry each other. Although foreigners don't have to worry about following this rule if they visited
India, it is unfair for Indians. Call now to 1–800–123–4567 to take a part in stopping this unfair
Indian tradition.
South Asia. A place of mysteries and wonders. What are we going to teach you about today?
Let's start with India... and America. Although they seem like two completely different countries,
there was one similarity: Gandhi and Martin Luther King Jr.. Born on October 2, 1869, Gandhi
became the leader of India's Independence Movement. He planned peaceful boycotts, trying to drive
British forces out of India. He was jailed from 1922 to 1924, and assassinated in 1948

Jammu And Kashmir Conflict
Jammu and Kashmir
Dhruv Malhotra In the summer of 1947, millions forcefully emigrated from India to Pakistan.
People were uprooted from their homeland and sent to live in Pakistan. Some would travel on foot,
some in carriages, but most by Train. The trains were given a warm sending off by the officials and
sent on their way. As the train reached Pakistan, the doors opened and out flowed a pool of blood.
Almost everyone on the train had been massacred. One of those people was my great–grandfather.
Thus, due to this catastrophic and melancholic incident, escalated the great conflict between India
and Pakistan, more specifically, the conflict in Jammu and Kashmir. Kashmir is a state in India, that
shares a border with Pakistan, and since the partition of India and Pakistan, it has been disputed
land. Both countries claim the land is theirs, which has subsequently caused several wars between
the two. My stance on the issue is to call for autonomy. To give Jammu and Kashmir self
governance, which will let the state make the decisions rather than the two countries. It ensures
peace for the people of the state, rather than wealth for either India or Pakistan. Jammu and Kashmir
was originally a part of India when the conflict began, though, due to its high Muslim population, it
leaned more towards Pakistan. According to The Times of India, "53% of the population of Kashmir
is Muslim or of Muslim descent" and wants to "secede to Pakistan". However, the conflict arises
because

Conflict Of Kashmir: The Conflict And Conflict In Kashmir
Kashmir is considered one of the most beautiful countries in South Asia, mainly because of the
majesty of the Himalayan Mountains. Its is located at a between four different countries, serves as a
divider between Afghanistan and China; however, Kashmir is also highly disputed between the
Pakistan and India. Recently, Religion and Ethics Newsweekly has called Kashmir "one of the
world's most militarized places" (Lazaro 2012). This decades old conflict runs much deeper than a
land dispute between two countries. In recent time, it has become a struggle over resources and in
the middle of this conflict are the people who call this region home. Many wars have been fought
over resources; however, those who fight are in many cases doing so because ... Show more content
Most are fueled by Pakistan intelligence service backing proxy groups to incite an insurgency of
militant separatist. Pakistan backs several Islamist extremist groups within the Kashmir region both,
financially and through moral support. These groups use non–discriminant tactics while waging the
Pakistan proxy war of ethnic cleansing. Likewise, India has their own issues with human rights
violations with India sponsored security forces allegations of widespread abuse under the guise of
clearing out the insurgents. In an interview with Religion and Ethics Newsweekly, Kashmir's Grand
Mufti, Bashir Uddin Ahmad he describes the situation between Pakistan and India. Bashir Ahmad
states that the numbers of people missing or dead because of these conflicts are misleading. Ahmad
states "since 1989, when the situation became more critical, hundreds of thousands of people are
missing and hundreds of thousands more have been killed. We have no knowledge of where they
are. The killing continues unabated, and the situation is still simmering" (Bashir Ahmad 2012).
Conflict is nothing new to the people of Kashmir. The countries have tried to settle the dispute both
politically and militarily. If esthetic issues were not enough, now the quest for increase resources
pose another problem and add another layer of complexity and distance between the two

Earth Is A 1998 Indian Period Drama Film Directed By Deepa...
Earth is a 1998 Indian period drama film directed by Deepa Mehta. The story is set in Lahore in the
time period directly before and during the partition of India in 1947. The film recounts the holocaust
of Partition through the eyes of Lenny, a crippled Parsi girl. Lenny 's parents live in Lahore with an
army of servants, including the delectable ayah, a beautiful Hindu woman, Shanta.
The movie starts with Lenny revisiting her childhood days as a student coloring her drawing, and
remembering the downfall of British Empire in India as she states something which indicates the
theme of story that it will portray for next 101 minutes and upon which the story will build around.
The words she stated accounts as– "Hindu, Muslim and Sikhs who had lived together as one entity
for centuries suddenly started to clamor for pieces of India for themselves. The arbitrary line of
division the British would draw to carve up India in August of 1947 would scar the subcontinent
forever." This dialogue clearly states that India was very near to getting its independence from the
British Rule and for the final time the nation might have to become a victim to British's much
famous "DIVIDE & RULE" policy which will blow the nation into partition forming 2 separate
countries– INDIA & PAKISTAN and in the dialogue she clearly predicts the ill effects people will
have to face at the time of partition as she says that it would scar the subcontinent forever. Such a
line of difference would be created

The Indian Of Indian Bengal
The famous scholar M.A. Rahim has said in his "The History of Bengal Muslims" that, " It is a
matter of great wonder that the Hindu politicians who have raised movements to protect the division
of Bengal in 1905 , have claimed for the division of Bengal in 1947.On the other hand, the Muslims
who have supported the decision of dividing Bengal in 1905 have protested against the division of
Bengal in 1947." Actually lack of solution of community disputes, lack of cordial approach of
British Government, selfishness of the politicians of two most political parties 'Muslim League' and
'Congress' etc. were the actors led the way of division of Bengal. The Bengal was divided into two
parts. The Hindu West Bengal became the part of India and the predominately Muslim East Bengal
(present Bangladesh) became the part of Pakistan. The partition was done on 14–15 August, 1947 in
the reign of Lord Mountbatten. This partition of Bengal also divided the people spoke Bangla in
different ascend in different areas.
Political Economical Reasons behind the Division of Bengal
There are numerous political economic reason working behind the division of Bengal. But political
reasons were mostly related to this division. They are:–
The Eagerness of British Government:
Bengal is a prosperous province. With the establishment of British rule and the establishment of
Kolkata as capital the importance of Bengal increased more and more. The West Bengal became an
industrially impoverished area. The target

India 's Struggle For Maintaining Stability
Throughout history, South Asia has struggled to protect its' borders from both foreigners and their
own states. India, especially, has been known for it's long history of dealing with security issues
which has weakened the state. Conflicts risen from affairs such as the Partition have caused civilian
battles that India struggled to contain. Other regional conflicts such as the Kashmir conflict and
Indo–Pakistani war has led to India's involvement and struggle to protect their own borders and
welfare of their people. India has been forced to deal with maintaining stability not only within their
own state but between themselves and other states as well. Despite India's strain to provide welfare
and security for their people, superpowers such as the United States and China view it as a
legitimate state and worth having a relationship with. The dynamic of India's insecurity yet
legitimacy as a global force has coined the country to be known as a "strong–weak" state. India has
the ability to be seen as a dominating state not only internationally, but in South Asia as well if they
were able to overcome their security issues. The multidimensional insecurity of India is the main
reason the state is a strong–weak state. India is seen as a strong–weak state based on their foreign
affairs with superpowers yet their inability to secure themselves in South Asia. According to T.V.
Paul, a strong–weak state is characterized as a state with "...legitimacy and control over most parts
of

The State Centric Construction Of The International Politics
The state–centric construction of the international politics has forever made forceful interventions a
contentious issue. In defining forceful intervention, Pattison states that " the conceptual condition of
a forceful intervention requires the intervention to occur against someone's wishes, particularly
those who are responsible for the humanitarian crisis for the sole purpose of preventing, reducing or
halting actual or impending loss of life and human suffering. It is crucial to note that this
'humanitarian crisis' is politically induced and is not the result of any natural disasters and that the
only viable option left to deal with this circumstance is a military intervention. Hence this paper
holds that a humanitarian crisis under above mentioned conditions justifies a forceful intervention
i.e. a military intervention by one state in another state. The nature of these humanitarian crises has
been similar throughout the history, but justifications for the interventions that follow after these
crises have indeed evolved.
The paper discusses three circumstances in three different epochs of world politics where forceful
interventions were justified. The paper presents the interventions chronologically so as to
demonstrate the evolutionary nature of the concept. Firstly, the paper presents the often neglected
untold circumstances of the Indian subcontinent in the cold war, when India invaded East Pakistan
(present day Bangladesh) in 1971 against the West Pakistan

The Impact Of Imperialism
Anciently, imperialism has developed with the rise of human's civilisation. Imperialism defined as
per Cambridge dictionary as 'a system or a situation where one country with superior power used
force or influence to rule and exploit another country' (Cambridge dictionary, 2017). In the
contemporary colonial era, many European intellectuals and thinkers have justified imperialism such
as Rudyard Kipling with his famous poem 'The White Man's Burden' (Kiplingsociety.co,uk, 2017).
The poem reflected the agreement of many Europeans of their superiority, which attached with a
duty to spread Western ideas and knowledge toward non–Western people. They thought they were
primitive barbarians as Kipling expressed them 'Half–devil and half–child' and they need guidance
to change their way of life. Extraordinarily, the British has exceeded its European counterparts in
colonial superiority and extended its empire, the largest in the world, over fifth of the land in the
earth and they gained that status because of their naval superiority and manoeuvres. By 1783,
Britain had established an empire which comprised colonies in Canada, America and the West Indies
(BBC.co.uk, 2017). The British East India Company had built up a small empire of ... Show more
Notwithstanding, the British decolonisation policy in India was alike the one in Ireland – first and
longest British colony in the history. Like India, Ireland had many uprising through their history but
the British crack them down hardly and refused to give them their independence. The Irish famine in
the 1850s was like the Bengal famine in India in occurrence due to ignorant British policies. The
British decolonisation process in Ireland led to a partition based on religion alike the one in

The Kashmir Dispute Between India And Asian Country
The Kashmir dispute dates from 1947. The partition of the Indian sub–continent along spiritual lines
diode to the formation of India and Asian country. However, there remained the problem of over 650
states, run by princes, existing within the 2 freshly freelance countries.
In theory, these princely states had the option of deciding that country to affix remaining
independent. In practice, the restive population of each province tried decisive.
The people had been fighting for freedom from British rule, and with their struggle about to bear
fruit they weren 't willing to let the princes fill the vacuum.
Although several princes wished to be "independent" (which would have meant hereditary
monarchies and no hope for democracy) they had to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
On January one, 1949, a ceasefire was agreed, with 65 per cent of the territory below Indian
management and the remainder with Asian nation.
The ceasefire was intended to be temporary however the Line of management remains the factual
border between the 2 countries.
In 1957, Kashmir was formally incorporated into the Indian Union. It was granted a special status
below Article 370 of India 's constitution, which ensures, among other things, that non–Kashmiri
Indians cannot buy property there.
Fighting broke out once more in 1965, but a ceasefire was established that Sept. Indian Prime
Minister, Lal Bhadur Shastri, and Pakistani President, M Ayub Khan, signed the Tashkent agreement
on Jan one, 1966.
They resolved to try to finish the dispute, but the death of mister Shastri and the rise of information
Yahya Khan in Asian nation resulted in stalemate.
In 1971a third war, resulting in the formation of the freelance nation of Bangla Desh (formerly
called East Pakistan). A war had broken out in People 's Republic of Bangladesh in March 1971, and
soon India was sweet–faced with 1,000,000 refugees.
India declared war on December three, 1971 after Pakistani Air Force planes affected Indian
airfields in the Western sector.
Two weeks later, the Indian army marched into Dhaka and the Pakistanis relinquished. In the
Western sector the Indians managed to blockade the port city of urban center and were fifty metric
linear unit into Pakistani territory once a ceasefire was reached.

Family Feud In Anita Desai´S Clear Light Of Day

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