3. USA
Originally the U.S. Constitution didn’t say much about who had
the right to vote. The country’s framers left it up to the states to
decide. Most states initially limited voting rights to white male
property owners. Over time they extended voting rights to nearly
all white men.
After the Civil War, three amendments were added to the
Constitution. These additions at the federal level freed the
slaves, made them citizens and granted them voting rights. The
14th
Amendment, ratified in 1868, specifically identified “voters”
as male. The 15th
Amendment gave the vote to black men.
4. AMERICAN SUFFRAGETTES
Susan B. Anthony, Elizabeth Cady
Stanton, and others refused to
endorse the amendment because it
did not give women the vote.
Stanton and Anthony formed the
National Woman Suffrage
Association to work for suffrage on
the federal level and to press for
more extensive institutional
changes, such as the granting of
property rights to married women.
In 1890 the two groups united
under the name National American
Woman Suffrage Association
(NAWSA). In the same year
Wyoming entered the Union,
becoming the first state with
general women's suffrage.
5.
Another prominent
suffragist was Alice Paul.
Paul organized the
National Woman's Party,
which used such
strategies as mass
marches and hunger
strikes. Perseverance on
the part of both
organizations eventually
led to victory. On August
26, 1920, the 19th
Amendment granted the
ballot to American women.
7. UK
In 1832 a Reform of the Vote Law
was passed in the Parliament. The
Law used the word “male” instead of
people to define the right of vote,
excluding women from the vote.
The first leaflet advocating votes for
women appeared in 1847.
8. JOHN STUART MILL
Philosopher, economist and
politician.
In his work Considerations
on Representative
Government, defends two
fundamental principles,
extensive participation by
citizens and enlightened
competence of rulers.
In 1867 presented an
amendment to the Reform
Act that would give women
the same political rights.
Mill amendment was
defeated by 196 votes to 73.
9.
In1867 Lydia Becker
founded the first women's
suffrage committee, in
Manchester. Other
committees were quickly
formed, and in 1897 they
united as the National
Union of Women's
Suffrage Societies, with
Millicent Garret Fawcett.
The British suffragists
struggled to overcome
traditional values and
prejudices.
10.
Frustrated by the
prevailing social and
political stalemate, some
women became more
militant. Emmeline
Pankhurst, founded the
Women's Social and
Political Union in 1903. Her
followers, called
"suffragettes," heckled
politicians, practiced civil
disobedience, and were
frequently arrested for
inciting riots. Emmeline Pankhurst and her
daughters
11.
When World War I
started, the proponents
of women's suffrage
ceased their activities
and supported the war
effort. In February 1918
women over the age of
30 received the right to
vote. Suffrage rights for
men and women were
equalized in 1928.
15. SUFFRAGE IN SPAIN
Clara Campoamor was a Spanish
politician and feminist best known
for her advocacy for women's
rights and suffrage during the
writing of the Spanish constitution
of 1931.
She became active in a number of
women's organizations before
standing for election as a member
of the 1931 Constituent Assembly,
to which she and two other women
were elected despite that Spanish
women could not vote at the time.
Her advocacy led to the inclusion
of language in the 1931
constitution of Spain that
guaranteed equality between men
and women.
16.
She became the first woman to
address the constituent assembly of
Spain that October, in a speech
warning the male members of the
assembly that their continued
exclusion of women from voting was
a violation of natural law.
Her strong advocacy for women's
rights was opposed not only by
political conservatives and
conservative but by men on the left
and even one of only two other
woman in the assembly, Victoria
Kent, who felt the time was not right
to push for equality. When her own
party decided to oppose women's
suffrage, she left the party and
continued to advocate for suffrage
as an independent member of the
assembly.
17.
Women's suffrage
was officially adopted
in 1931.
Women voted in
general elections in
1933 and 1936.
From 1936 to 1977
nobody voted freely.
Women and men
voted again in 1977.
President Adolfo Suarez and his wife.
