Sentiment Analysis Sample

Sentiment Analysis Sample
100GB–TB, the data type is usually historical, summarized, multidimensional, integrated and consolidated. OLAP use complex query, and the
underline structure is cube, "in relational database systems, OLAP cubes are constructed from a fact table and one or more–dimension tables [1]. It is
ad–hoc, and not for everyday repetitive use. The users for OLAP system maybe about hundreds of people, but the records can be access can reach
millions, comparing to OLTP which can have thousands of users and only can access tens of records. Section III. Unstructured Data Processing
Unstructured data are the data that do not have a recognized structure, they usually contain large amount of Texts. These types of data increase the level
of difficulty to... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
One of the most important feature of this new software is sentiment Analysis. "Document–level Sentiment Analysis: Determine the overall sentiment of
a piece of text or document, works great on articles, blogs, reviews and social comments. Aspect–based Sentiment Analysis: Extract specific aspects
from a piece of text and determine the sentiment towards each aspect individually, works great on airlines, hotels and restaurants." [2]. Another very
useful new unstructured data processing software is IBM SPSS Text Analytics for Surveys. The key features are Automated categorization and reuse,
NLP features, Visualization and collaboration and Data Management. It is specially designed for analyzing survey which help business grasp the
review and comments for statistical analysis. "The software creates categories or use prebuilt categories for customer, product and employee
satisfaction surveys, can quickly extract key concepts and opinions, and intervene manually to refine your results, save time and make results more
consistent" [3]. Also, it can identify between positive and negative reviews without reading the whole sentence, and distinguish six different language
surveys, which can be translated to English. Rapid Miner Text Mining and IBM SPSS Text Analytics for Surveys have characteristic differences from
OLTP and
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

Intro to Database Systems Chapter 1 Essay
Chapter 1
1 A. Data = raw fact (pg. 5)
B. Field = a character or group of characters that defines a characteristic of a person, place, or thing. (pg. 660)
C. Record = a collection of related fields (pg. 666)
D. File = a named collection of related record (pg. 660)
2. Data redundancy is when the same data are stored unnecessarily at different places. Spreadsheets /islands of information lead up to the date
redundancy. (pg. 16)
3.Data independence is when it is possible to make changes in the data storage characteristics without affecting the application program's ability to
access the data. It standalone data so it doesn't need to be link with anything. (pg. 15)
4. DBMS is a collection of programs that manages the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Operational database – a database that is designed primarily to support a company's day to day operation.
Data warehouse – focuses primarily on storing data used to generate information required to make tactical or strategic decision. (pg. 9)
9.Hardware, software, people, procedures, and data (pg. 18–20)
10. Metadata is data about data (pg. 7)
11.Better and faster speed also less errors
12. Increased costs, management complexity, maintaining currency, vendor dependence, and frequent upgrade/replacement.
13. Unstructured data are data that exist in their original state but structured data not. It is the generation of information. The structured data is more
prevalent in a typical business environment. (pg. 9–10)
14. Self–documentation through metadata, enforcement of data types or domains to ensure consistency of data within a column, defined relationships
among tables, or constraints to ensure consistency of data across related tables. (pg. 23)
15. It doesn't read your mind. It only received the raw data user put in.
16. Understanding the shortcomings of the file system enables you to understand the development of modern database. (pg. 14)
Chapter 2
1. Data model is a relatively simple representation, usually graphical, of more complex real world data structures. It is an iterative, progressive process
(pg. 30)
2. Business rule is a brief, precise and unambiguous description of a policy, procedure, or principle within a

Data, Information, And Knowledge And How They Are...
Students Name: Marsil Hana
1.Describe the terms Data, Information, and Knowledge and how they are related to each other.
Data: is a collection of facts and studies, it can be thought of as a description of the world. For example, when I say I have brown hair, hazel eyes and
live in Chicago, those are all data.
Information: information is much more refined data, because it evolved to the point where it can be useful and helpful to study a certain case or form
of analysis.
Knowledge: it is basically what we know, maybe insights and facts that we've learned in our life, or some experience that we applied to data and
information.
In my opinion, they are related to each other because everything started from facts and our knowledge on specific topics and facts, and it all evolved to
information and helpful data.
2.Describe 5 components of the database system and why they are important part of the system?
1–Data: it's very important because most companies and organizations generate, store and process large amounts of data.
2–Hardware: it's also an important component because we store our data in the storage devices like CD, DVD, floppy disk, and all the important parts
like the processor and memory.
3–Software: it consists the DBMS that acts as a bridge between the user and DB. It also interacts with the user through application and programs.
4–People: users are the human beings that need the data and information to help them with their daily lives and work by interacting

The Core Of Any Successful Health Service System
Introduction
The core of any successful health service system's mission is improving health, guarantee quality, patient care and satisfaction. Health service executives
are responsible for clearly defining, tracking, communicating, and measuring the key performance indicators (KPIs) that indicate how well their
organization is achieving its vision and mission. To do this well, leadership require a 360–degree perspective of their organization's business
performance to view and quickly understand where their organization compares universally.
The Business Intelligence dashboard is a streamlined, easily accessible, and more accurate and significant reporting process. It presents the ability to
gauge performance, understand the impact of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In the beginning of the 20th century, statisticians dismissed data visualization until the latter half of the 20th century when computers were invented.
The 1960's and 1970's researchers, John W. Tukey and Jacques Bertin developed the science of information visualization and in the 1980's Edward
Tufte, whose work of The Visual Display of Quantitative Information helped introduce the Sparkline, the general shape of a trend in a small amount
of space. The last two decades have had an explosion of discovery and in analytics, research, and tools. Alberto Cairo, Stephen Few, and Colin W., are
a few of the distinguished writers and educators in the refining of science and the art of data visualization. (Hazell J., 2014)
What are Dashboards today?
Dashboards today, are interactive visualizations of several rows of secured data sometimes millions of rows that are related and are transformed into
an at a glance picture. Data are facts connected to any object inconsideration, for example, a name, age, sex, height, weight, picture, file, or an image to
name a few. The data are stored in adatabase, a systematic collection of organized data.
The navigational path of the dashboard, designed to be intuitive and interactive this guides the user through the functionality in a graceful and
predictive manner. The visualizations are graphs, maps, indicators, controls, tab sets, charts, templates, art, spreadsheets, gauges, etc, and have the
ability

Relational Database Management Systems ( Rdbms )
Introduction
Nowadays, data is being generated by multiple sources around us at an alarming rate, be it sensors, in the form of social media communications or
mobile devices. It has become an important part of an organization, Such data is called big data and the insights from big data can help examine trends,
understand customer preferences and help the organizations take better decisions which results in better customer service and effective marketing.
Relational Database Management Systems (RDBMS) provides an efficient way for storage and processing of data but have limitations when it comes
to handling Big Data.
Apache Hadoop is an open source framework and its helps in the distributed processing of
Big Data. Hadoop works on a distributed model, has a built in fault tolerance and handles scalability very efficiently. It is able to process data of size
petabytes with help of its Map
Reduce Programming model and Hadoop distributed File System.
RDMBS even with parallelizing capabilities and sharding the databases do not scale well for large data sets and are also not cost effective. It is
challenging for RDBMS to handle the data size which has increased to petabytes and exabytes. The content from social media, text, video, audio, etc is
in semi–structured or unstructured format which cannot be handled by RDBMS. Also, big data grows at a very rapid rate, as an example online
retailers maintain records of all the customer interactions in the form of what

White Paper On NSQL: Not Only SQL
White Paper
NOSQL–"NOT ONLY" SQL
JULY 2015
NOSQL–"NOT ONLY" SQL
Contents
ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................................................................ 1
1. NoSQL–what does it mean ................................................................................................................................... 1
2. Types of NoSQL databases ................................................................................................................................. 1
2.1 Key–value Stores .......................................................................................................................... 2
2.2 Document–based stores .............................................................................................................. 2 ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
NoSQL DBMSs advantages and Comparison to Relational DBMSs The reason why NoSQL has been so popular the last few years is mainly because,
when a relational database grows out of one server, it is no longer that easy to use. In other words, they don't scale out very well in a distributed
system. All of the big sites that you mentioned Google, Yahoo, Facebook and Amazon (I don't know much about Digg) have lots of data and store
the data in distributed systems for several reasons. It could be that the data doesn't fit on one server, or there are requirements for high availability.
Here is a table showing comparison and advantages of NoSQL over relational

My View Of Philosophy Has Changed My Life
It has been a great eight–week course and my view of Philosophy has changed a lot. I never took a class like this and learned a lot not only about
various Philosopher's but also about myself. This class allowed me to look inward at myself and reflect on my decisions throughout my life. Learning
about Thoreau, Socrates, Frankl and Pieper and their view and experiences were fun and made me think about what Philosophy is and why we need it in
our lives.
The reading and discussion that had the most impact on my thinking this term was Thoreau's Walden in which we discussed the meaning of "explore
thyself" (Thoreau) and "enslave oneself" (Thoreau) and the meaning of fulfillment. Thoreau felt that each person's definition of fulfillment was
individual. That one person can feel they lives a fulfilled life by running marathon's and doing iron men competitions and another would feel the same
way by painting or accomplishing a long–term goal. Thoreau was great at expressing himself through words and could pull you into his world and assist
you in understanding his view and feelings. To explore thyself is a process in which you view yourself, looking inwardly to find out who you want
to be in life. There are many safe roads in the world, you can follow the pack and be standard or you can make decisions and choices that define you
and only you. By understanding yourself you will find what makes you feel fulfilled not by anyone else standards but by your own. Once one is happy
with

Doctor
Assignment: CS Making Business Decisions II
You understand that database technology can dramatically improve your ability to analyze information, compared to spreadsheet technology, and
assist you in developing your strategic plans for the cafe. To help you familiarize yourself with databases and their associated business value you need
to create a report detailing the basics of databases and why they are better for running a business than spreadsheet applications. Be sure to provide a
detailed explanation of relational databases along with their associated business advantages.
PROJECT FOCUS:
Once you understand the benefits associated with a relational database you decide to build a small database to help you track and analyze ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Be sure to provide a detailed explanation of relational databases along with their associated business advantages.
PROJECT FOCUS:
Once you understand the benefits associated with a relational database you decide to build a small database to help you track and analyze customer
orders and sales information.
Identify the different types of entities, attributes, keys and relationships you will want to consider when designing the database.
For this assignment, you will NOT create a database. You will list the type of data you want to collect, group it accordingly, break it into field and
determine attributes. Think about how the different pieces of data relate to one another and what purpose they serve. You may use Excel, Word, or
Visio for this assignment.
Assignment: CS Making Business Decisions II
You understand that database technology can dramatically improve your ability to analyze information, compared to spreadsheet technology, and
assist you in developing your strategic plans for the cafe. To help you familiarize yourself with databases and their associated business value you need
to create a report detailing the basics of databases and why they are better for running a business than spreadsheet applications. Be sure to provide a
detailed explanation of relational databases along with their associated business advantages.
PROJECT

Strengths And Weaknesses Of Data Model
В¬В¬В¬В¬В¬В¬В¬В¬В¬В¬В¬В¬В¬В¬
1.Describe and compare 3 data models outlining their strengths and weaknesses with each other.
Connolly and Begg (2009) defines a data model as "an integrated collection of concepts for describing and manipulating data, relations between data,
and constraints on the data in an organization." Simply, a data model is a representation of how the different types of data interact. They can be
categorized into three main broad aspects, which are object based, record based and physical data model. The object based model include the Entity–
Relationship, Semantic, Functional and Object Oriented Model. The record based comprise of Relational Data Model, Network Model and the
Hierarchical Model. The physical data model "describe how data is stored in the computer, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Similar to the network data model, "data is represented as collections of records and relationships are represented by sets." This model only permits a
node to have one parent, this makes it efficient for searching if all desired access paths follow the parent–child linkages. This makes one–to–many
relationships well represented within the hierarchical model. The main difference between the network data model and the hierarchical data model, is
that in the network model a child could have a many to many relationship with its parent entity. Similarly, just like the network data model, the
hierarchical data model is simple and easy to design.
The main limitation of record based data models like the network and hierarchical is "they do not provide adequate facilities for explicitly specifying
constraints on the data" (Connolly 2009). Another limitation of the network and hierarchical model is that they require "the user to have knowledge of
the physical database being accessed, whereas the relational data model provides a substantial amount of data independence." (Connolly

Technical Guide : Database And Database Essay
Technical guide
Database
It is the collection of schemas, tables, queries, reports, views, and other objects. The data are typically organized to model aspects of reality in a way
that supports processes requiring information, such as modelling the availability of rooms in hotels in a way that supports finding a hotel with
vacancies. It is a structured set of data held in a computer, especially one that is accessible in various ways.
A database is a collection of information that is organized so that it can easily be accessed, managed, and updated. In one view,databases can be
classified according to types of content: bibliographic, full–text, numeric, and images. In computing, databases are sometimes classified according to
their organizational approach. The most prevalent approach is the relational database, a tabular database in which data is defined so that it can be
reorganized and accessed in a number of different ways. A distributed database is one that can be dispersed or replicated among different points in a
network. An object–oriented programming database is one that is congruent with the data defined in object classes and subclasses.
Computer databases typically contain aggregations of data records or files, such as sales transactions, product catalogues and inventories, and customer
profiles. Typically, a database manager provides users the capabilities of controlling read/write access, specifying report generation, and analysing
usage. Databases and

No Need For The Lex Syn Parameter
No Need for the Lex–Syn Parameter: The Case of Reflexivization
Reinhart and Siloni (2005; R&S hereafter) claim that two distinct patterns are observed across languages regarding reflexivization; and this
crosslinguistic variation, according to R&S, can be attributed to the setting of the Lex(icon)–Syn(tax) Parameter in each language, which determines
whether arity operations like reflexivization should apply in the lexicon or in the syntax. Specifically, according to R&S, in languages like English
where the parameter is set to "lexicon", reflexivization of ECM verbs or of a dative argument is prohibited while nominalization of reflexive verbs is
allowed. This is shown in (1), (2), and (3), respectively.
(1) *John considers intelligent. (Intended: 'John considers himself intelligent.')
(2) *John sent a letter. (Intended: 'John sent a letter to himself.')
(3) She dresses slowly because she is an elegant dresser. (R&S, 410, (48a))
On the other hand, in languages like French where the parameter is set to "syntax", the reverse patterns may be observed as shown in (4), (5), and (6).
(4) Jean
Jean
se
SE
considГЁre considers intelligent. intelligent (R&S, 394, (9b))
'Jean considers himself intelligent.'
(5) Jean
Jean
s'est
SE is envoyГ© sent une a lettre. letter
(R&S, 411, (51b))
'Jean sent a letter to himself.'
(6) Jean
Jean
est is un an excellent excellent habilleur/maquilleur. (R&S, 410, (48b)) dresser/"makeup–er" (of others only)
In short, R&S's claim is that reflexivization is a

Study Of Hbase A Nonsql Database Essay
Study of Hbase–A NonSql Database
Abstract:
With the expansion of the internet, there has been an exponential growth in the data being collected from various social media, searching patterns and
online transactions. This rapid growth of data has become difficult to be handled by relational database, thus they have been replaced with NoSql
databases. The NoSql databases are distributed databases that have the ability to store and process large volumes of data.
This study is focused on HBase database which is a column–oriented NoSql database. HBase is Apache's open source database that is modeled after
Google's BigTable technology. It uses Java as the API and is developed on top of the Hadoop distributed file system (HDFS) to store and process large
quantities of data, maintaining reliability and fault tolerance. This database is being used by many big enterprises including Facebook, Twitter and
Yahoo to store and process large quantities of data in efficient and cost effective manner.
Together HBase and HDFS allow low cost hardware to be used to provide a reliable and fault tolerant data management solution that is highly scalable
solution to meet the challenges of rapidly growing data efficaciously.
Keywords: BigData, No Sql database, Hadoop, MapReduce, HBase, HFDS
I.Introduction:
The data managed on the internet has been rising exponentially. Everyday companies collect user data in large volumes from various sources like
online transactions, search queries, mobile

Implementing Nosql Databases On The Critical Line Of...
The following represent the key reasons for companies to implement NoSQL databases in their critical line of business applications.
5.1 Amazon
Response times directly impact customer satisfaction and revenue thus are more important today with businesses having many competitors just a click
away. NoSQL solutions like Apache Cassandra have the ability to write data faster and deliver compared to RDBMS. Amazon found that every 100ms
decrease in site response time gave them 1% more in revenue.
5.2 Ooyala
Scalability and performance go hand in hand, with companies needing to accommodate new users and data volumes in their line of business
applications. Traditional architectures have failed to predict correctly. Ooyala choose Cassandra over... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Netflix, which is one of largest cloud application in the world, uses Cassandra to make sure zero downtime for its customers, storing 95% of its data in
Cassandra.
5.4 Adobe
The term "location independence" means being able to read and write to a database regardless of where that input/output operation occurs and to have
any write functionality propagating from that location, so that it is available to users and machines at other sites. Such functionality is very difficult to
architect for relational databases. Cassandra allows both read and write capability with its peer–to–peer architecture and thus delivers true data location
independence. Adobe appreciated this feature and used it in marketing cloud application. It runs it's DataStax Enterprise/Cassandra database cluster
between two data centres just to ensure that its customers can both read as well as write data fast no matter where they are located.
5.5 NASA
Owing to a flexible data model, ability to accommodate structured, semi–structured and unstructured data of Cassandra, NASA has deployed it for
some specific purposes.
NASA uses it for security applications to track hardware and software patches and deals with data that is both structured and unstructured and allowed
them to insert data much more smoothly than prior RDBMS, and achieved this with reduced query response.
6. Cost–Benefit Analysis
To derive a cost–benefit analysis, we have compared benefits such as latency, operations/sec

Database Management Systems And The Block Nested Loop Join
Naveen Kumar Chandragiri Rakesh Singrikonda
Email: nchandr2@kent.edu Email: rsingrik@kent.edu
PROJECT REPORT
BLOCK NESTED LOOP JOIN
December 12,2014
Advance Database Management Systems
Fall 2014
PREPARED BY: NAVEEN KUMAR CHANDRAGIRI RAKESH SINGRIKONDA
Naveen Kumar Chandragiri Rakesh Singrikonda
Email: nchandr2@kent.edu Email: rsingrik@kent.edu
Block Nested Loop Join
1. Abstract:
The project deals with the Block Nested loop Join operation on given relations. In the project, we used Adventure Worksdatabase to demonstrate the
results. We observed the execution of the block nested loop Join. The project also takes into account the technical details of each relations, for
example, what is the tuple size of the relation, what are the total number of blocks allocated for each relation, what are the number of tuples per
block and so on. The algorithm for the Join are detailed and explored. Also for the algorithm, the best, the worst case is being elaborated. Further,
even the available memory size, allocated memory size, are taken into account while retrieving the tuples from the relations. The number of Block
transfers, and number of I/O seeks required for each relation are calculated. Finally, these time of each relation in the algorithm are compared to
determine the role of tuples in Block Nested loop join.
2. Implementation:
For the implementation purpose, Adventure Works is used as the database and Java is used for Programming. Net Beans is used for Java programming
and

Application Of Database Deployment For A Small Growing...
Unfortunately, different areas of the business got different pieces of technology to assist in that growth, and those pieces did not interact with each
other. This became a burden for the Chief Financial and Technical Office, Luis Campuzano. Eventually, the company hired a third
–party programmer to
write a custom application that could interpret the data between the databases and allow FileMaker Pro software to query all of them at once (Rainer,
2012). Crabby Bill's developed different databases to manage the different types of data that they were using. They had databases for financial
information, keeping track of inventory, and others. This has the advantage that for someone to access the financial records, they only have to view...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This is also good security since you can easily just not give those people managing inventory access to the financial database, whereas if they were
stored in the same database, you would need to configure special permissions on the data, again requiring someone with greater knowledge of
information systems than the typical business owner has. The problems for these multiple databases arise when you realize that part of your
financial information has to do with your inventory. Getting this data out of one system and into another can be a daunting and time consuming
task. This would likely require someone to manually extract, reorganize, and import the data, just as it did in the case of Crabby Bill's. This is
expensive, as it requires someone's time to perform these actions. It is also time consuming because the whole process could be automated. In
addition to these business reasons, there also are problems for the data itself. When keeping data in multiple databases you run into problems of data
redundancy, when information extracted from one database is imported into another, you are keeping the same data repeatedly. This redundancy can
also lead to inconsistencies, if the data is entered incorrectly into one of your databases or changed by one party that only has access to it on a single
database and not on

Relational Database : Assignment : Database
Relational Database – Assignment
Introduction – What is a relational database
It is a database which shows the links and relationships between two sets of data/stored information in a document or mainly entities. This means e.g.
if a computer system has to store a lot of data/information about people instead of repeating the same row of information which may include personal
or unnecessary things, you will then be able to click on the main primary key data which then leads to the actual personal things. This is the
relationship between the primary key and foreign key. Ians & Co will benefit with a relational database as it has many links to primary and secondary
data. Ians & Co being a large company will have a lot of data which means it will be harder to maintain with a simple and old database.
Scenario
A company named Ians & Co employs an IT technician's team to manage their IT groundwork. They have taken on a new smaller team to do so, we
have been asked to create a database suitable for Ians & Co. For them to have ease in keeping records I will produce a database in which they will be
able to use. To suit the purpose I will choose a certain type of database which can make it easier to do everything. Also to make it look more
modern, and in a way it can be better and easier to read records and sort it all out. Ians & Co feel that they need a better system which can manage
and observe there records. However doing so will only require using the following things from IT

Pt2520 Unit 6 Steps
Q1. List six major steps that you would take in setting up a database for a particular enterprise.
Following are the six steps that I would take in setting up a database:
1.Requirement analysis
Understanding the business model of enterprise and identifying the entities of that model is the first step in setting up database. Requirements analysis
includes tasks of determining the needs or conditions to meet. Requirement specification document will be generated at the end of this step.
2.Defining a model
Database model defines the logical structure of the database by determining manner in which the data will be stored. Relational model is one of the most
popular database models, which defines tables and relationships between the tables.
3.Defining integrity Constraints
Integrity constraints ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Create views
This step includes the task of describing a subset of data for each type of user based on his/her privileges and requirements. This is done to ensure that
no additional information is given to the user. Views provide a level of abstraction to the database.
6.Initialize the database
After above 5 steps are done, create/initialize the database by adding tuples in appropriate fields.
Q2. Explain the difference between physical and logical data independence.
Data independence is the ability to make changes in the definition and organization of data without requiring any changes in application programs.
Each higher level of the data architecture is immune to changes of the next lower level of the architecture. Physical and logical data independence
differ in type of changes that can be made without affecting working of higher levels.

Logical data independence is the ability to change logical schema without changing external schema or user view. In simple words, format used for data
storage and format used for data presentation are independent. Such modifications include adding an attribute in existing table or adding a relationship
between existing

Sqlite Essay
SQLite is an Open Source database. SQLite supports standard relational database features like SQL syntax, transactions and prepared statements. The
database requires limited memory at runtime (approx. 250 KByte) which makes it a good candidate from being embedded into other runtimes.
SQLite supports the data types TEXT (similar to String in Java), INTEGER (similar to long in Java) and REAL (similar to double in Java). All other
types must be converted into one of these fields before getting saved in the database. SQLite itself does not validate if the types written to the columns
are actually of the defined type, e.g. you can write an integer into a string column and vice versa.
SQLite in Android
SQLite is embedded into every Android ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Other more familiar database engines run great once you get them going. But doing the initial installation and configuration can be intimidatingly
complex.
Server less
Most SQL database engines are implemented as a separate server process. Programs that want to access the database communicate with the server
using some kind of interprocess communication (typically TCP/IP) to send requests to the server and to receive back results. SQLite does not work
this way. With SQLite, the process that wants to access the database reads and writes directly from the database files on disk. There is no
intermediary server process.There are advantages and disadvantages to being server less. The main advantage is that there is no separate server
process to install, setup, configure, initialize, manage, and troubleshoot. This is one reason why SQLite is a "zero–configuration" database engine.
Programs that use SQLite require no administrative support for setting up the database engine before they are run. Any program that is able to access
the disk is able to use an SQLite database.
On the other hand, a database engine that uses a server can provide better protection from bugs in the client application – stray pointers in a client
cannot corrupt memory on the server. And because a server is a single persistent process, it is able control database access with more precision,
allowing for finer grain locking and better concurrency.

Most SQL database engines are

Examples Of Gibbs Model Of Reflection
Introduction
As part of my ongoing professional and personal development throughout this MA course in Counselling I need to identify a model of reflective
practice that I am comfortable using and use this framework to reflect on my own experience. I have chosen to use Gibbs' model of reflection
(1988) as the framework for my own experiences and I will therefore be looking in some depth at a particular counselling situation and describing
my thoughts and feelings around that event. I will look at my own reactions in regard to this event to see where they have come from and I will
look at ways I could have done things differently or ways of developing things a bit further. I will analyse what went well and what didn't and finally
I will look at what I have learnt from this situation and possibly plan for how I would ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Gibbs' model of reflection 1988 Stage 1 of the model is where we give a Description of the event that we wish to reflect on. This needs to be clear and
concise, giving a very clear picture of what has gone on. Here I would describe who was present, what was the context of the event – what exactly am
I reflecting on, what did I say, and what the other person said. This is a fully descriptive account of what exactly happened.
Stage 2 of the model looks in depth at Feelings. Here I would look at what I was feeling at that moment in time, what affected my feelings, how I felt
about the outcome of the situation, did my feelings change at all during the process, and what are my feelings now looking back on the situation.
Stage 3 looks at Evaluation – making a judgement about what has happened. What were the positive and negative aspects of this situation? Was there
anything else that might have made a difference? This is where I would stand back and get a good sense of how it all went and examine my
judgements a bit more. Why do I think that, where has that thought come from? Where can I go from here in my interaction with this

The Importance Of Reflection
All professionals will find that reflecting on the way they carry out their work can help them improve the quality of their skills. This is even more
important in work involving a continual increase in understanding, such as fields with ongoing research like osteopathy. ("Ncor" 2017) Reflecting has
become a necessary skill for those in healthcare who want to provide the highest level of care they can for their patients. It has been proposed that
reflection is a more meaningful method of learning than formal teaching. (Jasper 2003) This essay will question that statement; briefly describe how to
reflect and will contrast the benefits and drawbacks.
Reflection process:
In a healthcare setting reflection is the process of critiquing one's experiences by analysing them based on the relevant literature. (Reid 1993)
Professor Graham Gibbs provides a 6 stage process that can be followed: (Gibbs' 1988)
Description – simply describe what has happened. It can be useful to describe the experience in the most matter of fact way so that it can be examined
clearly.
Feelings – explain how the incident made you feel.
Evaluation – explain what was good and/or bad about the incident. This will help in identifying what areas need additional study.
Analysis – what understanding do you have of the incident? This step is crucial in developing skill but can also be the most challenging. This step
requires the practitioner being able to look at the experience objectively. The nature of being self–critical is that it comes easier to some than it does for
others. Someone with a large ego may have a lot of trouble with this stage but to truly reflect they will need to learn to be able to criticise themselves.
Reflection without critical analysis has little value as it will serve to mask weak areas of knowledge (Kralik, 2005)
Conclusion – decide whether you could have done anything else.
Action plan – using the knowledge gained from the previous stages prepare for if the situation arises again.
Strengthening through reflection:
The osteopathic standards (OPS) are put in place to ensure a high standard of care is carried out by all UK osteopaths. B4 of the OPS states that
professional knowledge and skills must be kept up

Relational Database Management System (Dbms)
Running head: TERM PROJECT
Term Project and Proposal
Name:
University:
Course:
Date of submission:
Abstract Business corporations often require summarized pieces of data in the form of pivot tables for efficient and strategic decision–making.
However, the use of pivot tables poses certain data storage problems especially in the light of the need to have the formulas stored with data. This
paper presents one data storage situation where using pivot tables for summarizing data was unsuitable because the storage was done using a Microsoft
Excel Spreadsheet, stored in XLS format. The project purposes to implement the data storage using a database management system, in this case,
Microsoft Access to address the problem ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This paper implements the solution using Microsoft Access 2007. In this case, the table would have each Employee with the values such as Al
and Clara, the Date with values like 1/05/2011, and the Status with values o, wh, and wa. This would result in several records per day but each
record would represent only one Employee. With this form of normalization, it is possible and plain to create the desired pivot table. In fact, pivot
tables generated from this normalized data would be able to answer questions like "which employee worked away on a certain day of the month?"
Unfortunately, though, this data is stored in a way that the user would not be able to see or even use it at times. There are many benefits of using
a database over spreadsheets for storing this kind of data. The following is a list of some of these benefits to the sales business and users: *
Database management systems provide for restricted access to * Databases help reduce or avoid data storage redundancy * Persistent storage of data
structures and useful program objects like queries and reports * Databases help enforce referential and standards * Databases help in representing
sophisticated relationship among vast amounts of data * DBMS provide for database backup and recovery
Data elements to be involved: entities and attributes This database system will center on capturing employee details with respect to whether

1. Introduction. Reflective Practice Is A Key Part Of Working
1. Introduction
Reflective practice is a key part of working as a health care professional, including speech and language therapists (SLT), and will be used throughout a
practitioner's career as part of their continuing professional development. It is the practice of experiencing situations and then reflecting on them, which
is how clinicians may enhance their knowledge and skills and, thus, maintain their competence throughout their career as a practicing therapist
(RCSLT, 2003). It is through this reflective practice that an SLT can progress "from novice to expert" (Tarrant, 2013; p3). Furthermore, reflective
practice is a skill which itself continues to be developed.
Reflective practice and professional development are intrinsically ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This can be particularly useful in holistic practices used by SLTs where knowledge gained from other situations and clients may not be appropriate in
the current situation; prior preconceptions about a client may lead to an unexpected outcome that may need to be rectified. The ability to reflect on an
on–going experience will allow the clinician to correct their practices within that situation.
To reflect in action is something all practitioners do; it is a form of professional instinct. In some cases, this may be as simple as monitoring the level
of language used and ensuring it is appropriate for the specific client. However, to truly monitor and adapt practices simultaneously requires a level of
expertise that a novice SLT may not yet have (Findlay, 2008), as they are more likely to need to detach themselves from the situation, requiring more
time to process situations.
2.2. Reflective Cycle (Gibbs, 1988)
The model provides six stages in which a professional may reflect upon their experiences. It focuses on the medium of written reflection and comprises:
(1) a description of the event; (2) a description of emotional responses; (3) consideration of the emotional response; (4) analysis, including academic
research, to understand the situation; (5) conclusions drawn from the experience; and (6) future strategies.
Gibbs' model expands upon Kolb's (1984) Experiential Learning Cycle, and provides methodical steps to follow,

Database Trends That Will Take The Spotlight This Year
Five Database Trends That Will Take the Spotlight This Year
There's no getting around the fact that we are in the data age. Data is coming at us from all directions, and in all sorts of shapes and sizes. As
technology leaders, we're tasked with answering complex questions like: How are we going to process all this information? How can we make it
more accessible? And how will we benefit from it?
To further complicate things, new technologies and trends are coming out of the woodwork everyday. Hundreds of incumbents and startups alike are
adding new features, building on top of emerging open source projects, and claiming to be the next big thing. Within the Hadoop ecosystem, there are
(at least) eleven open source projects alone. And making sense of it all is the last thing you want spend your spare time on.
To help bring some clarity and peace of mind, we've compiled a list of data trends and movements that you can expect to see in 2015, and withstand
for the long term.
Here are the five database trends that will take the spotlight this year:
In–Memory Computing Becomes Widespread
Dropping prices, undisputed performance, and untapped business value will drive the widespread adoption of in–memory computing.
Microsoft recently announced it's G–series for cloud instances that go up to 32 cores and 448 GiB of RAM at a cost of $8.69 per hour. As of right now,
Amazon's R3 comparable instance is $2.80 per hour for 244 GiB of memory with 32 CPU cores, and Google's high

Relational Database Of An Ecommerce Website
Kehinde Akinola Department of Computer Science The University of Texas at El Paso El Paso, Texas, U.S.A. kaakinola@utep.miners.edu Z
Specifications derived from the Constraints in a Relational Database of an ecommerce website?
Abstract– The project is simply derivation of Z specifications form the constraints in a relational database of an ecommerce website.
An ecommerce website is developed from scratch using modern technology WordPress and Bootstrap. I developed the website as well asrelational
database where the products to be displayed on the website are stored.
I used my computer system as both the client and the server for the proper functioning of the website. I installed Wampserver on my computer system
and placed WordPress on the wampserver for the proper functioning of the website.
The website is an ecommerce website and has few webpages developed and database where the contents to be displayed are stored.
These are the databases whose contents will be fetched and displayed on the screen when accessed by the user or client.
The constraints in the relational database of the website, is transformed as constraints to the of z specification language.
.
Keywords– formal method, relational database, ecommerce website.
I.AIMS AND MOTIVATIONS
There are several millions of websites available today. It has become so common that there is hardly a daily work without accessing the internet. There
are also several ecommerce websites available. The most common ones are

Models of Metadiscourse Essay examples
Metadiscourse has traditionally been defined in general as 'text about text'. This too broad, and rather imprecise, definition entails a degree of
reflexivity with which a text is enabled to refer to or to talk about itself or its parts. The concept of metadiscourse may have borrowed its reflexivity
property to language in general, which can also function reflexively comment on the language or verbal system itself. In this reflexive form of
language, called 'metalanguage', the metalinguistic function of language, which is also central to the metadiscourse model used in this study, is most
evident.
The metalinguistic function is one of the six functions of language proposed by Jakobson (1998), and the other five are expressive, directive, ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
These functions are apparent in a definition of metadiscourse by Williams (1989: 27–28), a researcher into metadiscourse who works under this
approach: "the language that we use when we describe what we are doing as we think and write about the content of our primary ideas, or what we
want our readers to be doing as they read. It is writing about reading and writing." Crismore et al (1993: 39) put more consideration towards the
improved readability of text as the main function of metadiscourse: "for how readers should read, react to, and evaluate what they have written about
the subject matter". Among researchers into metadiscourse who work under the broad approach is Vande Kopple (1985, 1988), whose classification
of metadiscourse into seven kinds has been used and developed in research by other researchers as well. A brief summary of his taxonomy, adapted
from Adel's summary with her examples (2006: 168–170) will be presented here. The first group is 'Text Connectives', which highlights text
organization and relations between one part of a text with another and connects pieces of information in the text. It comprises four subgroups: Logical
connectors (on the other hand), Announcements (as we shall see, in later chapters), Reminders (the argument about progress describe above), and
Sequencers (First, ... Second, ...). 'Code Glosses' (that is, contradiction) give signals and hint at rephrasing and interpretations of the text; it anticipates
responses towards the

Reflective Teaching Essay
The importance of reflective teaching "Be a reflective teacher. Honestly look at what you do from time to time. Evaluate the purpose of your role as a
teacher." (Robert John Meenham, 2011) There is a usual but important clichГ© for a teacherВґs career: a teacher has to be a life–long learner to be an
effective teacher. Research on effective teaching over the past two decades has proved that effective practice is related to questioning, reflection and
continuous professional development. Reflective practice can be a satisfying experience for a teacher evolution. It covers self–analysis, questioning
one owns methods, assumptions about learning, theories as well as oneВґs attitudes and behaviour as a facilitator and communicator, in short making a
deep analysis of the actions. Reflecting on teaching includes the teacherВґs thoughts on the successfulness of the lesson planning and the
implementation used to teach. Within the time progression the teacherВґs reflection should be more precise and he or she could... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Making brief notes after the lecture, or making a short list on impressions could be valuable for any teacher. Sharing is also a great strategy, sharing
with other teachers, the school staff or even the students can be of great use; reflective practice works best when it is shared. Completing some ideas
on a structured piece of paper, even a chart with good and bad points or ideas to implement or discard can be beneficial. Another plan can be looking
for ideas in books, consulting different resources, and implementing peer learning group to discuss teaching issues; thus the practitioner's theoretical
background would be deeply improved. There are far more other strategies to enhance the teacherВґs work, the mentioned ones could be considered the
tip of the iceberg, each educator has the responsibility to find its own strategies if he or she wants to be the best teacher as he or she can

Word Order in a Noun Phrase and English Anaphors Essay
WORD ORDER IN NP AND ENGLISH ANAPHORS
Tereza Е tifnerovГЎ The purpose of this essay is firstly to show the word order of a noun phrase (NP) and how the head noun of the NP can be post–
and pre–modified, and secondly to focus on meaning of some examples of English anaphors and the distinctions between them and their Czech
translations. The first part is going to aim on the internal structure of NPs. Complex nominal phrase consists of the pre–modifying elements, the head
noun and the post–modifying elements. The so–called pre–modifiers can be divided into two groups: determiners and prenominals. We have to say that
вЂћdeterminers are obligatory and unique" (VeselovskГЎ:86), and they have a specific place in the noun phrase – they are at the ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
(11) a. an office of the teacher with the white door b. * an office with the white door of the teacher
In the second part I am going to translate some examples of English anaphors into Czech and then discuss the meanings of them and I will also try to
show the distinctions between English and Czech forms. Here are the examples in English: (a1) Theyi killed themk. (b1) Theyi killed themselvesi.
(c1) Theyi killed each otheri. And the translation into Czech: (a2) Oni je zabili. (b2) Oni se zabili. (c2) Oni se zabili (navzГЎjem). The example (a1)
has the index i with the pronoun they and the index k with the accusative case of the pronoun they, which means that the pronoun they have a meaning
of вЂћpeople", which are NOT the people included in the meaning of them, i.e. them has the so–called disjoined refference. The following examples
(12), (13) and (14) show that in English the nominative and accusative cases of the pronoun they are used to mark different (groups of) people. (12)
(13) (14) The thievesi killed themk. The thievesi killed the thievesk. *The thievesi killed the thievesi. в†’ the thieves в‰ them в†’ they are not the
same thieves so they cannot have the same index
The example (b1) has the index i in both cases – it means that they and themselves includes the same people. Because themselves is a reflexive
pronoun, we know that the group of people indicated in they is the same group of people as in themselves. In the example

Examples Of How To Insert A Figure With A Caption
% +––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––+ % | Sample Chapter 1 % | % | This file provides examples of
how to % | – insert a figure with a caption % | – construct a table with a caption % | – create subsections within the chapter % | – insert a reference to a
Figure or Table % |– make a citation % +––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––+ cleardoublepage %
+––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––+ % | Replace "Chapter Title" below with the title of your
chapter. % | LaTeX will automatically number the chapters. % +––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––+
chapter{Introduction} label{makereference1} section{Context}... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
~citep{LePage:2013} begin{figure}[htb]%t=top, b=bottom, h=here centering fbox{includegraphics[height=2.5in]{figures/HaitiEarthquake}}
caption{Haiti Earthquake} label{Haiti} end{figure} %begin{figure}[htb] %centering %begin{subfigure}[b]{0.5textwidth} % centering %
includegraphics[width=2.75in]{figures/HaitiEarthquake} % caption{Haiti Earthquake} % label{fig:sub1} %end{subfigure}%
%begin{subfigure}[b]{0.5textwidth} % centering % includegraphics[width=2.5in]{figures/JapanTsunami} % caption{Japan Tsunami} %
label{fig:sub2} %end{subfigure} %caption{Social Media: The New Face of Disaster Response} %label{fig:test} %end{figure} Information
sharing is critical in emergency situations, in a large scale events like floods, earthquakes, hurricanes. According to U.S. Department

Grocery Store Database
Introduction
Florida Food Mart is a medium size grocery store located in Tampa, Florida. The store and management offices are housed in a 20,000 square foot
facility on the North West side of Tampa. There are approximately 45 employees consisting of 20 Cashiers, 10 Stock Clerks, 8 Bagging Associates, 3
Shipping and Receiving Clerks, 3 Store Managers, 1 Technician, 2 Purchasing Agents, 1 Accountant, 1 Marketing Director, 1 Vice President, and 1
President. The Database Team has been assigned the task of upgrading Florida Food Mart's outdated inventory processing system by designing and
implementing a state of the art relational database management system utilizing MS Access integrated with Florida Food Marts present point–of–sale
(POS) ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This system will facilitate increases in productivity that will result in a substantial improvement to the company's bottom line.
Business Rules
The Database Team has established some business rules as it pertains to the grocery inventory system. The following list is a comprehensive list of the
rules:
В·An employee can only be attached to one department
В·A purchase order (PO) must be authorized by a designated employee
В·A vendor can have an account, even though they may not have supplied the company in some time
В·PO may only have one shipping method
В·A PO can only have one invoice or shipping/receiving ticket
В·A

Description Of A Database Management System
Chris Velasquez
MGMT 329
Final Research Paper to Pass
A database is an organized collection of data. It is the collection of tables, queries, reports, viewings, and other objects. The data are typically organized
to model aspects of reality in a way that supports processes requiring information, such as modelling the structure of a major business such as Walmart,
and all of its data including things like their inventory, customers, and their employees. Adatabase management system is a computer software
application that interacts with the user, other applications, and the database itself to capture and analyze data. A general purposedatabase management
system is designed to allow the definition, creation, querying, update, and administration of databases.The Database uses terms that are key for
anyone to sift through the collection of data that any company or business collects. terminology consists of keywords that will help users select
desired pieces of data. The primary key is a special relational database table column of a collection of columns appointed to individually identify all
table records. The primary key's main features include: it cannot contain a unique value for each row of data, and it cannot contain null values. The
primary key is either an existing table column or a column that is explicitly initiated by the database according to a defined sequence. The foreign key
is a column or group of columns in a relational database table that implements

The Case Concerns The Best Barbeque Dinner
We live in a period in which we are all joined over the Internet and hope to discover results promptly, whether the inquiry concerns the best barbeque
dinner for sure to purchase wife for her birthday. We likewise anticipate that the outcomes will be helpful and custom–made to our needs. In view of
this, organizations have gotten to be centered on conveying more focused on data, for example, suggestions or online advertisements, and their capacity
to do as such specifically impact their prosperity as a business. Frameworks like Hadoop now empower them to assemble furthermore, transform
petabytes of information, and the need to gather significantly more information proceeds to increment with, for instance, the improvement of new
machine... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
These thoughts were then executed outside of Google as a feature of the open source Hadoop venture: HDFS and MapReduce.
Hadoop exceeds expectations at putting away information of discretionary, or even unstructured arrangements, since it gives us a chance to choose how
to decipher the information at investigation time, permitting to change the way we order the information whenever: once we have upgraded the
calculations, essentially run the examination once more. Hadoop additionally supplements existing database frameworks of any sort. It offers a
boundless pool into which one can sink information and still haul out what is required when the time is correct. It is streamlined for substantial
document stockpiling and clump situated, gushing access. This makes investigation simple and quick, however clients additionally need access to the
last information, not in cluster mode however utilizing arbitrary access–this is similar to a full table sweep versus utilizing files in a database framework
Why RDBMS cannot support huge data sets of today's requirements?
Three V's of Big Data: Volume, Variety and Velocity.
One of the most serious issues with RDBMSs is that they are not yet up to the requests of Big Data. The volume of obliged information taking care of
today is expanding exponentially. Facebook houses 2.5 PB (Peta Bytes) of transferred photographs. Google forms 26PB of

Relational Database Management System ( Rdbms )
Background
This report provides analysis and evaluation of how Relational Database Management System (RDBMS) can be applied to improve organization and
business effectiveness. The method of analysis includes basic information of Relational Database Management System and reference of how database
management can bring positive improvement on manage small or large amount of information in the organization. Also, include a brief information of
business those are successful in their field's thanks of the application of database system in their organizations and recommendations to apply Relational
Database Management System to the company.
Analysis
Relational Database Management System (RDBMS) is an engine/system based on the relational model created by Edgar F. Codd in 1970. The major
distinguish of this system is the ability to use tables for data storage while maintain and enforce certain data relationship. Another aspect of this system
is that allow users to insert, update, retrieve, and delete specific content or contents storage in the database. Also, RDBMS provides relational operator
codes that enable the relationship between two or more entities in a database (Dangerfield & Morris,1990). These system's characteristics can be
applied on business operations improving company management of small and large amount of information from a specific department or workplace.
Relational Database Management allows monitoring all information flow from that specific department

Database System For Sl Consulting
#
#Tables of Contents: Page No.
1.Executive Summary.......................................4
2.Relational Database.......................................4
3.Normalization..............................................5
4.Computer Database.......................................5
5.Steps followed in completing the task...................6
6.Problem faced and solution...............................9
7.Summary...................................................10
8.References..................................................11
Executive Summary:
We were assigned to prepare database system for SL Consulting which is Consulting firm. Mr. Lalith and Suchit are the owner of SLC, appointed me
and my project partner as a consultant to create safe access database . We had been given some instructions through which we are able to successfully
create ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In understanding the difference of database system from conventional file processing system such as spread sheet, the following attributes helps to
know more about it.
Primary Key:
The unique key which we give to the table and creates relationship with the foreign keys in the other tables is known as a primary key. It removes the
risk of redundancy and duplication of data.
Foreign Key:
Foreign key is the primary key on the other table. It is used to link the table with one another. It ensures that the record for such transaction is present in
the former or master table. Let us see the following diagram for better understanding–
Figure.1.

In the above table, we can clearly see that Customer ID in the tblTimeSheet is connected to the Customer ID in the tblcustomer. We can also see the
One–to–many and many–to–one relationships in the relationship database tables above.
Normalization:
Normalization is the process of organizing data in the relational database. The database is split into tables and record the required information in the
given field. The benefit of normalization is that it reduces data redundancy and dependency of data. (Brett Considine, 2008)
Computer database:
With the increasing requirements of the business world, software developers came up with the computerized database solution which has multiple
built. Computer database reduces the replication of the data by storing the data at a central location so that everyone can access it

Reflection On My Experience Of An Unxamined Life
Summer Reflection
I will not reflect on what I did this summer.
Socrates once said, "An unexamined life is a life not worth living." I must refute. An unexamined life is the only life worth living. I live my life gazing
into the future, unburdened by the past.
In fact, I have never looked into a mirror, never taken a bath, never looked out of a window at night. When my friends have the hiccups, I take them on
a joyride. Switching lanes always cures the hiccups. Another advantage is you never have to adjust non–existent mirrors. In the glovebox of my car lies
my "reflection free" permit. It prevents me from seeing the cops.
Other people are always so vain, obsessing over how they look. They're transparent, insignificant, mirages, reflections. However, I am opaque. If I
reflected on my summer, it would dilute the vividness, the complexity, the intrigue.
Actually, my only reflection is that my summer was so fantastic that I regret having to return to school. Ever since fourth grade when I picked up the
name "toilet pants," I've picked up a dislike for the place. After all, there's only one bathroom without any mirrors–the Great Outdoors.
In life, people claim you need to reflect on a lot of things: college essays, interviews, resumes. They're wrong. I'm doing fine, right? After resizing the
font, this will be around half a page!
So about this assignment on what happened last summer: I cannot write a reflection. I have an incapability. No, I have an enlightenment. Not writing a
reflection is the better decision because it allows me to avoid being bogged down by the past. Retrospection must not taint my memories.
A reflection isn't something you can keep to yourself, a sequestered treasure nestled in the subconscious. Society and success demand that we expose
ourselves. This exposure can be about the time my dog died or the time my ice cream fell from the cone or the time my favorite racecar was stolen.
I've never tried reflecting, of course.

Let other people do the reflecting. Why should I have to do the reflecting? Others can reflect for me. If they tried hard enough, some of my
enlightenment might rub off on them. They can reflect on why I don't reflect.
In my house, there are no family

The Importance Of Reflection In Nursing
As higher standards expected are from the public and higher patient safety demands are expected from health boards, therefore, there is a need for
a way of measuring standards of practice which can be achieved through active thinking in a clinical environment brought about by critical
reflection (Rolfe, Jasper & Freshwater 2011). Reflection has become such a key component in the role of a nurse that the Nursing and Midwifery
Council (NMC) have seen it fit to include it in their professional code of conduct the Code: Professional Standards of Practice and Behaviour for
Nurses and Midwives, hereafter referred to as the Code (Nursing & Midwifery Council [NMC], 2015). With reflection being a vital skill for nurses
to continue their professional development (Parrish & Crookes, 2013), an analysis of what it means to reflect within nursing is needed by all who
intend to enter the profession to ensure its effective use is applied. This essay will look at what reflection in nursing looks like, why we use
reflection as a tool, what are the outcomes of reflecting, how we reflect effectively and what skills are needed. Then, using an experience within
practice, a reflective model will be used to analyse a critical incident relating to consent. In accordance with the confidentiality measure within 'The
code' (NMC, 2015) and to abide by the Data Protection Act 1998, no information will be provided which could allude to the identity of anyone within
the critical incident, thus pseudonyms will be used where appropriate. According to Howston–Jones (2013) reflection is not something that is out of
the ordinary for everyone to do in their everyday lives. Reflection is the act of looking back on a situation, event or incident critically and making
sense of it to learn from it and alter our actions to gain better outcomes should the same incident arise again (Capelhow, Crouch, Fisher & Walsh,
2013). As new experiences happen to everyone, everyday; it would be right to consider reflection as an ongoing process within everyone's life, a
process that is repeated, honed and a skill to be developed (McKenna, 1998). Reflection is a tool that is used within many disciplines including
teaching and within the legal profession

Indexes Are Used From E Commerce Websites
Answer 1
Indexes are used by queries to find data quickly. Indexes are used to boost performance in a database. Finding an individual record or set of records
most efficiently done by Index. Index key is the reference point where an index is an ordered arrangement of keys and pointers. Each key is
appointed to the location of the data recognized by the key. For example: when we order any product from E–commerce websites like amazon, we will
be assigned an order confirmation ID which gives the authority to track that particular information on the product till it reaches.
If no index exists on a table, a table scan must be performed for each table referenced in a database query. The larger the table, the longer a table scan
takes because a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
п‚§The primary key attribute cannot be discretionary which means it should not possess null values.
п‚§The primary key cannot have repeating values which means the attribute may not have more than one value at a time for a given entity case is
prohibited. This is known as the No Repeat Rule.
п‚§Entities with compound primary keys cannot be split into multiple entities with simpler primary keys. This is called the Smallest Key Rule.
As we know that a foreign key is an attribute that completes a relationship by identifying the parent entity. Let me explain how to identify the foreign
keys that every dependent and subtype entity in the model must have a foreign key for each relationship in which it participates. Foreign keys are
formed in dependent and subtype entities by migrating the entire primary key from the parent entity. If the primary key is composite, it may not be split.
Foreign key attributes are not considered to be owned by the entities to which they migrate, because they are reflections of attributes in the parent
entities. Thus, each attribute in an entity is either owned by that entity or belongs to a foreign key in that entity.
If the primary key of a child entity contains all the attributes in a foreign key, the child entity is said to be "identifier dependent" on the parent entity,
and the relationship is called an "identifying relationship." If any attributes in a foreign key do not belong to the child 's primary key,

Research : Structured And Unstructured Dataset
There are two types of data in this research: structured and unstructured dataset.
The structured dataset was downloaded from an open source website that is organised by data.gov.uk. The file provides the information about road
safety data of Great Britain in 2014 that include personal injury, types of vehicle and casualties (data.gov.uk, 2015). It consists of three CSV files
(data.gov.uk, 2015):
DftRoadSafety_Accidents_2014.csv – contain a summary of accidents in Great Britain.
DftRoadSafety_Casualties_201.csv – contain a list of casualties that is related to those specific the accidents in Great Britain.
DftRoadSafety_Vehicles_2014.csv– contain a list of vehicles that is related to those certain accidents in Great Britain.
The unstructured dataset was downloaded from data.gov.uk website. It is a dataset of all meta–data for every dataset that are provided by data.gov.uk
service (data.gov.uk, 2010). It consists of two CSV files that is linked by a dataset name entity: dataset.csv and resources.csv (data.gov.uk, 2010).
In order to obtain a particular data size, a custom record replication process had been done to generate the following artificial CSV files.
There was not any disposal action taken because the data itself was from an open source that is available for public.
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
The weakness of the relational database was unfolded by the rise of web–driven application (Lake and Crowther, 2013; Dede et al., 2013), whereas

Sql Vs. Relational Databases
To SQL or Not to SQL
Relational databases play a major role in making many apps and programs work. They provide an easy way to store large amounts of data in a
consistent, non duplicating, and maintainable way to be used by developers for analytical or software use ("Advantages of a relational database", n.d.).
However, more and more applications and companies with a tremendous amount of data such as search engines, social networks, and e–commerce sites
have been requiring a level of speed and scalability that relational databases can not provide ("Why NoSQL?", n.d.). NoSQL is a name given to a
quickly growing type of database known as non–relational databases, which are being used to store and manage huge amounts of structured,
semi–structured, and non–structured data known as "Big Data" ("Why NoSQL?" n.d.). With the advent of social networks and apps with millions of
users, the rate of growth of non–structured and semi–structured data is exponential, and the value in being able to quickly traverse it, analyze it, and
use it for development is also growing quickly (McGuire, Manyika, & Chui, 2012).
Fundamentally, relational and non relational databases are very different. Relational databases generally follow the "ACID" transaction principles,
while non–relational databases generally follow "BASIC" principles (Sasaki, 2015). ACID stands for atomic, consistent, isolated, durable; and
prioritizes data consistency, stability, and accuracy over speed and scalability (Sasaki,

Data Analysis : Data Cleansing
Abstract
Data cleansing is an issue with very critical importance in data mining. It helps in preserving the quality of data used for data mining. An important sub
task of data cleansing is duplicate detection. Duplication occurs when some real world object has multiple representations in data source. A lots of
work has been done in duplicate detection in structured data such as relational database. But it is just a recently that the focus has been given on
duplicate detection in hierarchical and semi structured data such as XML. In this paper we provide an overview of different approaches used for
duplicate detection in XML.
Keywords: Data cleansing, duplicate detection, XML, data mining, hierarchical data
1.Introduction
Data mining has become an important process in many business applications and decisions. So to preserve the quality of data on which data mining is
performed becomes essential. Data cleansing therefore becomes a task of critical importance for the effective as well as efficient data mining.
Duplicate detection is a sub task of data cleansing. Duplicates are the multiple representations of same real world object in data sources. Duplicates
may occur due to various reasons such as typographical errors or due to inconsistent representations of same real world object. This problem of
duplicate detection has been studied comprehensively for structured data such as relational databases and lots of work has been done on the same. But
this work cannot be applied

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