1. Why warships are not classed???
Presented by:
Akhil Saxena
35th batch
Dept. Of Ship Tech.
C.U.S.A.T

2.  What is classification?
 Role of classification societies.
 Merchant vessels and why they are classed?
 Warships and their role.
 Why warships are not classed?
CONTENT

3.  Commercial ships over a certain size must be ‘classed’.
 This means they must be certified as in accordance with
the requirements of the Classification Rules and
Regulations of a recognized classification society, in order
to be issued with certificates confirming compliance with
the statutory requirements of the flag state.
 This makes classification a mandatory requirement for a
commercial ship to operate.
What is classification?

4.  The classification process is used to assure stakeholders
that a ship or other marine platform complies with a set of
rules or other safety and technical standards that have
been shown to be appropriate for its function

5.  A classification society is a non-governmental
organization.
 Classification societies set technical rules, confirm
that designs and calculations meet these rules, survey
ships and structures during the process of
construction and commissioning, and periodically
survey vessels to ensure that they continue to meet
the rules.
ROLE OF CLASSIFICATION
SOCIETIES

6.  To avoid liability, they explicitly take no responsibility
for the safety, fitness for purpose,or seaworthiness of
the ship.

7.  The ship has been designed to a prescribed standard
that reflects the operational requirement.
 The ship has been constructed to those standards,
using traceable materials and components.
 A baseline is available establishing records for in-
service phase of the ships operational life.
AT DELIVERY CERTIFICATION
ASSURES THAT:

8.  A merchant vessel is a ship that transports cargo or
passengers.
 The closely related term commercial vessel is defined
by the United States Coast Guard as any vessel (i.e.
boat or ship) engaged in commercial trade or that
carries passengers for hire.
MERCHANT VESSEL

9.  Safety of life at sea is of paramount importance.
 Large capital investments.
 Marine insurance .
 Environment protection.
 Better transportation of cargo.
 Technical assistance.
 Administrative and legal matters of shipping.
WHY MERCHANT SHIPS ARE
CLASSED??

10.  Warship is a ship that is built and primarily intended
for combat.
 As well as being armed, warships are designed to
withstand damage and are usually faster and more
maneuverable than merchant ships.
 Unlike a merchant ship, which carries cargo, a warship
typically only carries weapons, ammunition and
supplies for its crew.
WARSHIP

11.  Stop piracy
 Protection of coastline
 War
 Patrolling
 Supplies
 Reconnaissance
ROLE OF WARSHIP

12. WHY WARSHIPS ARE
NOT CLASSED??

13.  In commercial shipping, ALARP (As Low As Reasonably
Practicable) process is used in order to meet international
safety regulations.
 Warships are designed to withstand damage and are
usually faster and more maneuverable than merchant
ships.
 Elevated levels of risk involved in Naval warships. The
concept of operations (CONOPS) followed.
1. ANALYSIS OF RISK

16.  In a commercial vessel, importance is given to the crew’s
living standard and conditions. The comfort of the ship’s
company is taken into account.
 In warships, however, maximum possible space is allotted
to store the ammunition and explosives.
 Minimum space for the company.
 Principle of “YOU KILL OR YOU DIE” followed.
2. DIFFERENCE IN PRIORITY

17. 3. INFORMATION SECURITY

18.  Warships are very strategic to a nation and any
mistake or leakage of information can lead to greater
repercussions .
 The classification is done by foreign surveyors which
may lead to information leakage.
3. INFORMATION SECURITY

19.  The cost of constructing a ship is huge and thus
commercial ships need to be insured.
 A warship construction and maintenance cost is
borne by the country’s government.
 “Benefits are not payable for any loss to which a
contributing cause is war or any act of war, declared
or undeclared.”
4. INSURANCE

20.  Warships are constructed by referring to NCDs.
 Thus DNA acts as the classification society.
 WOT is responsible for all the surveys conducted during
construction phase.
 Regular surveys are also conducted by the naval workup team.
 Hence, no need of any other classification society.
5. METHOD OF CONSTRUCTION

21.  Major work of WOTs and workup teams:
 Verification of materials and equipment brought in by
the shipbuilder.
 Periodic surveys to confirm the material state of the
vessel and to assess continued compliance with the
Rules.

22.  Aircraft/helicopter and vehicle fuel storage and distribution
systems.
 Replenishment at sea arrangements.
 Weapons system seats.
 NBCD systems.
 Aircraft landing guides.
6. ADDITIONAL THINGS TO BE
CONSIDERED

24.  Uniqueness of vessels.
 Not governed by IMO instruments- marpol, LL, SOLAS etc.
 Functionality different – emphasis given to speed,
ammunition, weaponry.
 Navy has its own sets of rules.
 Insurance not an issue.
 Navy has its own survey team.
 Confidentiality of information/ design.
ADDITIONAL