AEI / Affiliated Engineers Presents Two Oregon State Hospital Projects at CleanMed 2015
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AEI presents energy conservation measures (ECMs) used in two Oregon State Hospital projects, including: active chilled beams, natural ventilation, geoexchange heat recovery systems, and demand-control ventilation/lighting. Also discusses why modeled and measured energy use intensity sometimes differ.
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AEI / Affiliated Engineers Presents Two Oregon State Hospital Projects at CleanMed 2015
- 1. Deep Energy Reductions at No Added Cost: The Oregon State Hospital Strategy Mara Baum & Jim Sharpe CleanMed 2015
- 2. Learning Objectives • Evaluate the integrated factors that enabled Oregon State Hospital at Junction City to achieve a very high energy efficiency with no added first cost. • Identify healthcare-appropriate low-energy building systems that go beyond “standard” energy efficiency measures and describe lessons learned that can be applied to other projects. • Discuss factors that motivated the facilities department to commit to nonstandard systems. • Analyze measured energy data from the first few years of occupancy to understand the relationship between the energy model and operational savings.
- 3. Agenda • Project introduction • Energy design strategy – Oregon State Hospital Salem – Oregon State Hospital Junction City • Measured energy performance • Lessons learned
- 4. Oregon State Hospital Salem
- 6. Salem
- 7. Salem
- 8. Salem
- 13. Salem: Architectural Energy Conservation Measures • Narrow building footprint supports daylighting • High insulation values (R-22 walls, R-30 roof) • Solarban 70XL dual pane windows • Low window to wall ratio • Consolidated central utilities • Exterior covered circulation buffers conditioned space
- 14. Salem: MEP Energy Conservation Measures (ECMs) • Patient rooms & corridors: – Code variance: 2 ACH of 100% OA – Code variance: Summer patient room design temp. increased from 75°F to 78°F • Room ventilation and lighting shut off when unoccupied
- 15. Salem: MEP Energy Conservation Measures (ECMs) • Gymnasium: natural ventilation, ceiling fans, night-time pre-cooling • Administration: Active chilled beams • Air handlers: – 100% outside air – Heat wheels – Low pressure drop
- 16. Salem: ECMs Studied but not Included Not cost effective: • Exterior shading devices • Photovoltaics • Solar thermal water heating Not appropriate: • Natural ventilation throughout • Night time flushing of thermal mass • Geothermal-coupled heat pumps
- 17. Salem Hospital – Modeled Energy by End Use Space Heating Hot Water Vent. Fans & Pumps Misc. Eqpm. Lighting Space Cooling
- 18. Salem Hospital – Energy Usage Intensity 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 Code SEED Minimum Modeled Measured EUI(kBtu/sf/yr) (code for public buildings)
- 19. Oregon State Hospital Junction City
- 20. Oregon State Hospital Junction City
- 21. Oregon State Hospital Junction City
- 28. Junction City: Energy Design Factors • Connection with outside and daylighting • Code mandates 1.5% of construction $ for solar • New energy code: ASHRAE 90.1 2010 • Excessive rainwater & ground water • Large acreage • HVAC code variances maintained
- 29. Junction City: ECMs from Salem • HVAC variances: 2 ACH, 100% OA & 78°F summer design temp. • Ventilation & lighting shut-off when unoccupied • Gym: natural ventilation, night time pre-cooling, ceiling fans • 100% OA AHUs, heat wheels, low pressure drop
- 30. Junction City: New ECMs • Geo-exchange (no boilers, chillers, cooling towers, or propane tank) • Heat recovery chillers • Chilled beams in all areas • Code variance: patient room winter design temp. from 75F to 72F • LEDs in gym & exterior lighting • Solar thermal & PV Active Chilled Beam23% energy reduction vs. Salem system
- 31. Geo-Exchange Heat Recovery System
- 32. Open Loop Wells on Site
- 33. Geo-Exchange vs Conventional System Cost Geo Cost Adds Open loop wells Heat recovery chillers Heat exchangers Geo Cost Deducts Chillers Cooling towers Boilers Propane tank First Cost Difference = ~$0
- 34. De-Coupled HVAC System – Chilled Beams Lower energy consumption • Less primary air to condition • Increased COP of chiller • Reduced AHU fan motor energy Cost effective • Reduced space requirements due to lower AHU size and weight • Smaller ductwork 6” floor to floor savings & reduced shaft sizes • Contractor & estimator education required Lower noise level improved comfort First Cost Difference = ~$0
- 35. 1.5% Construction Cost for Active Solar PV Panels Solar Thermal Panels
- 36. Summary: Critical Design Factors Architectural: Enhanced R-value envelope & reduced infiltration Limited window size High performance glazing Daylighting
- 37. Summary: Critical Design Factors MEP: Reduced air change rates Expanded indoor temperature ranges Demand-controlled ventilation/lighting Selective natural ventilation Active chilled beams Solar PV and hot water (Junction City) Geo-exchange (Junction City)
- 38. Summary: Critical Design Factors MEP: Reduced air change rates Expanded indoor temperature ranges Demand-controlled ventilation/lighting Selective natural ventilation Active chilled beams Solar PV and hot water (Junction City) Geo-exchange (Junction City) Cost neutral & replicable in other facilities
- 39. Code, Modeled & Measured EUI EUI(kBtu/sf/yr) 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 Salem SEED Minimum Salem Modeled Salem Measured JC SEED Minimum JC Modeled JC Measured ? (20% below ASHRAE 90.1 2007) (ASHRAE 90.1 2010) 2030 Challenge 2030 Challenge
- 40. SEED Minimum, Modeled & Measured EUI EUI(kBtu/sf/yr) 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 Salem SEED Minimum Salem Modeled Salem Measured JC SEED Minimum JC Modeled JC Measured ? (20% below ASHRAE 90.1 2007) (ASHRAE 90.1 2010) EUI with solar = 94
- 41. EUI(kBtu/Yr/SF) Salem EUI: Modeled vs. Measured Month - 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0 14.0 Modeled EUI Measured EUI
- 42. EUI(kBtu/Yr/SF)Salem Modeled vs. Measured: Electricity & Natural Gas - 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0 Modeled Elect EUI Measured Elect EUI Modeled NG EUI Measured NG EUI Month
- 43. Salem: Why the big difference? NO big climate or occupancy changes Energy model assumed higher loads: • Demand controlled ventilation & lighting • Domestic hot water (showers) Modeling process: • Bias to err on the high side • Very large single model fewer refinements
- 44. Junction City vs. Salem: Greenhouse Gas Emissions • Greenhouse gas emissions per year – Salem: 16 million lbs CO2 – Junction City: 0.4 million lbs CO2 10 times less per SF! • Why is Junction City so much less? – All electric building – Bonneville Power Administration (90% hydro, 5% nuclear) • Potential for ZNE (site energy) with more PV Grand Coulee Dam
- 45. Lessons Learned Critical factors to cost effective energy efficiency: • Legislation • Integrated design • Careful LCCA analysis • Commissioning!
- 46. Owner Feedback from Salem • Campus and neighborhood approach • Patient experience: Reduced use of seclusion rooms • Staff satisfaction • Commendation from the Joint Commission
- 47. Questions? Mara Baum & Jim Sharpe mara.baum@hok.com & jsharpe@aeieng.com
Editor's Notes
- SRG Late 1880’s Used in the same way as the movie up until the time of this renovation The feds came in and told them they needed a new treatment system
- Historic building with wards – now all administration Naturally ventilated, daylight, chilled beams; very low energy use
- 650 beds, 800,000 sq ft “downtown” – as move from going home to neighborhood, to downtown; then to cottages and community Multiple steps back to society Cottages are historic – originally residential cottages occupied by psychiatrists and other staff Historic district that shows wards – very linear; very seldom moved off of wards but occasionally used the basketball courts (as seen in movie)
- Historic building off to the left; new on the right – trying to blend but not match; knit new buildings into existing historic fabric Main entrance for public; security process
- Circulate around the courtyards – inside out – increase views
- Colonnade walk ways No unnecessary glazing (upper is admin, north facing)
- Old and new Colonnade walk ways Rains a lot but can still be outside because of the colonnade
- Involved regular client – and also patients, city representatives, mayor. Everyone represented. Bringing these groups together helped to adjust expectations between users and psychiatrists Learned lessons from Salem, used at JC (e.g. color)
- Reduced use of mechanical conditioned air: 2 air changes per hour(ACH) with 100% outside air (OA) in patient rooms and patient corridors. (code variance) Relaxed indoor design temperature: 78°F in summer for patient rooms. Code is 75°F. (code variance) Room ventilation shut-off when unoccupied controlled by lighting occupancy sensor. Natural ventilation in downtown gym with night time pre-cooling. Ceiling fans for daytime cooling. Chilled beams used in administration area. Heat wheels on 100% outside low pressure drop air handling units.
- Reduced use of mechanical conditioned air: 2 air changes per hour(ACH) with 100% outside air (OA) in patient rooms and patient corridors. (code variance) Relaxed indoor design temperature: 78°F in summer for patient rooms. Code is 75°F. (code variance) Room ventilation shut-off when unoccupied controlled by lighting occupancy sensor. Natural ventilation in downtown gym with night time pre-cooling. Ceiling fans for daytime cooling. Chilled beams used in administration area. Heat wheels on 100% outside low pressure drop air handling units.
- The power of less Learned on Salem -> tightened the belt; brought only what was needed and no more Less square footage than originally anticipated Artists on both project; on this one the artist sat with the patients at Salem who wrote about their lives. She spent three days with a writing/poetry class at Salem – these are now the words on the glazing
- Color
- Carryovers from Salem Reduced use of mechanical conditioned air: 2 air changes per hour(ACH) with 100% outside air (OA) in patient rooms and patient corridors. (code variance) Relaxed indoor design temperature: 78°F in summer for patient rooms. Code is 75°F. (code variance) Room ventilation shut-off when unoccupied controlled by lighting occupancy sensor. Natural ventilation in gym with night time pre-cooling. Ceiling fans for daytime cooling. Heat wheels on 100% outside low pressure drop air handling units. Expanded No boilers, chillers or cooling towers. Geo-exchange open wells for heating and cooling. Heat recovery chillers. Chilled beams in patient areas (security type). No propane tank for backup fuel required. Reduce patient room winter design temperature from 75F to 72F. (code variance)
- Carryovers from Salem Reduced use of mechanical conditioned air: 2 air changes per hour(ACH) with 100% outside air (OA) in patient rooms and patient corridors. (code variance) Relaxed indoor design temperature: 78°F in summer for patient rooms. Code is 75°F. (code variance) Room ventilation shut-off when unoccupied controlled by lighting occupancy sensor. Natural ventilation in gym with night time pre-cooling. Ceiling fans for daytime cooling. Heat wheels on 100% outside low pressure drop air handling units. Expanded No boilers, chillers or cooling towers. Geo-exchange open wells for heating and cooling. Heat recovery chillers. Chilled beams in patient areas (security type). No propane tank for backup fuel required. Reduce patient room winter design temperature from 75F to 72F. (code variance)
- Lower Energy Consumption Less primary air to condition Increased COP of chiller Reduced AHU fan motor energy 60 F chilled water for AHU coils and chilled beams Reduced Space Requirements Reduced AHU size, weight and cost Smaller ductwork 6” floor to floor savings Reduced shaft sizes Improved Comfort Lower noise level
- Need 17x more to get to ZNE