made by hemang singhal

1. Use of Technology
in Elections in
India
MADE BY HEMANG SINGHAL,7A,
COMPUTER HOLIDAY HW

2. WHAT ARE
ELECTIONS?
• An election is a way people can choose their candidate or
their preferences in a representative democracy or other form
of government.
• Elections were used as early in history as ancient Greece and
ancient Rome, and throughout the Medieval period to select
rulers such as the Holy Roman Emperor and the pope.
• The electorate does not generally include the entire
population; for example, many countries prohibit those who are
under the age of majority from voting, all jurisdictions require a
minimum age for voting.

3. TYPES OF ELECTIONS
• Members of the Parliament in Lok Sabha and Rajya
Sabha
• Members of State Legislative Assemblies
• Members of State Legislative Councils
• Members in village panchayats or city corporation
councils.

4. POLLING OF VOTES
IN ELECTIONS
• Government schools and colleges are chosen as
polling stations.
• The collector of each district is in charge of polling.
• Government employees are employed to the
polling stations.

5. HOW IS TECHNOLOGY USED
IN ELECTIONS IN INDIA?
• Technology is used in elections in India Electronic Voting,
which is done through Electroninic Voting Machines (also
called EVM). The use of EVMs and electronic voting was
developed and tested by the state-owned Electronics
Corporation of India and Bharat Electronics in the 1990s.
They were introduced in Indian elections between 1998
and 2001. The electronic voting machines have been used
in all general and state assembly elections of India since
2014.

6. EVM

7. WHAT ARE EVM’s
• An Electronic Voting Machine (EVM) is an electronic
device used for recording votes.

8. HISTORY OF EVM’s
• The use of EVMs and electronic voting was developed and
tested by the state-owned Electronics Corporation of
India and Bharat Electronics in the 1990s.
• They were introduced in Indian elections between 1998
and 2001.
• The electronic voting machines have been used in all
general and state assembly elections of India since 2014.
• The EVMs were first time used on an experimental basis
in selected constituencies of Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh
and Delhi.
• MB Haneefa invented the first Indian voting machine in
1980.

9. EVM BATTERY
• EVMs run on an ordinary 6 volt alkaline battery
manufactured by Bharat Electronics Ltd., Bangalore
and Electronic Corporation of India Ltd., Hyderabad.
EVMs can be used even in areas with no power
connections.

10. ADVANTAGES OF EVM
• According to an estimate, about 10,000 tons of ballot is
saved in a national election in India due to the use of EVM
machine. This is around saving of 2 lac trees. So the use of
EVMs in the elections is a good job in terms of environment
protection.
• EVM machines can be moved easily from one place to
another as compared to the ballot boxes, that is why people
living in the hilly and other inaccessible can cast their vote in
the elections. So EVMs provided the right to vote to many
peoples of the country.
• EVM reduces the possibilities of the fake votes.
• The EVMs are run by the batteries, so these machines can be
used in those areas whereas there is no electricity.
• EVM works around 15 years.
• reduces the manual work

11. DISADVANTAGES OF
EVM
• EVM are vulnerable to malicious programming
and if it gets affected then any hacker can hack
the machine and can tamper the vote counts
easily.
• Single virus can destroy the entire data storage.
• Fake display units could be installed in the
electronic voting machines which would show
manipulated numbers, but originally fake votes
could be generated from the back end.

12. HOW WERE ELECTIONS CONDUCTED
PRIOR TO ELECTRONIC VOTING?
• Prior to the introduction of electronic voting, India used
paper ballots and manual counting.
• The paper ballots method was widely criticized because
of fraudulent voting and booth capturing, where party
loyalists captured booths and stuffed them with pre-filled
fake ballots.
• The printed paper ballots were also more expensive,
requiring substantial post-voting resources to count
hundreds of millions of individual ballots.

13. BALLOTS

14. WHAT ARE BALLOTS?
• A ballot is a device used to cast votes in an
election and may be found as a piece of paper
or a small ball used in secret voting.
• Each voter uses one ballot, and ballots are not
shared.

15. HISTORY OF BALLOTS
• In ancient Greece, citizens used pieces of broken pottery to
scratch in the name of the candidate in the procedures
of ostracism.
• The first use of paper ballots to conduct an election appears to
have been in Rome in 139 BC, following the introduction of
the lex Gabinia tabellaria.
• In ancient India, around 920 AD, in Tamil Nadu, palm leaves
were used for village assembly elections. The palm leaves with
candidate names were put inside a mud pot for counting. This
was called Kudavolai system.[5][6][7]
• The first use of paper ballots in America was in 1629 within
the Massachusetts Bay Colony to select a pastor for the Salem
Church.[8] Paper ballots were pieces of paper marked and
supplied by voters.
• Before the introduction of the secret ballot, American political
parties distributed ballots listing their own candidates for party
supporters to deposit in ballot boxes.

16. ADVANTAGES OF
BALLOTS
• You can’t easily hack a paper copy.
• No virus can hack ballots.

17. DISADVANTAGES OF
BALLOTS
• Use of paper and cutting down trees to make paper.
• Increases manual work.
• Post-election, it takes a huge amount of time to count
the votes before declaring the results.
• Booth capturing can occur in this system.
• Casting votes using paper ballot is a time-consuming
task.
• The cost of expenditure on the paper ballot is way
higher than on EVM.