Mayer and solvey, Goleman, stogdil, B. M. Bass

1. BUSINESS RESEARCH METHODS
By:
Waseem Gill

2. DEFINITIONS
 Emotional Intelligence  Leadership
effectiveness

3. EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE
 1990 – Psychologists Peter Salovey and John D.
Mayer published their landmark article, "Emotional
Intelligence. Imagination, Cognition, and
Personality”. Here they define emotional
intelligence as
“An individual’s capacity to appropriately regulate
his or her emotions, that involves the ability to
monitor one’s own and other’s feelings and
emotions to discriminate among them, and to use
this information to guide one’s thinking and
actions.”

4. EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE
 1995 – The concept of emotional intelligence was
popularized after a publication of psychologist and
New York Times science writer Daniel Goleman’s
book “Emotional Intelligence: Why It Can Matter
More Than IQ.”
“Emotional intelligence refers to how well we handle
ourselves in our relationships in five domains i.e.
self awareness, managing emotions, self
motivation, empathy, handling relationship.”

5. EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE
 1997 – Peter Salovey and John D.Mayer published
a book, "Emotional Development and Emotional
Intelligence, Educational Implications.” which was
edited by Peter Salovey and David J.Sluyter.
“The ability to perceive emotions, to access and
generate emotions so as to assist thought, to
understand emotions and emotional knowledge,
and to reflectively regulate emotions so as to
promote emotional and intellectual growth.”

6. EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE
 2000 –Jennifer M. George wrote an article
“Emotions and leadership: The role of emotional
intelligence”. In this article he proposed that
“Emotional intelligence is the ability to understand
and manage moods and emotions in the self and
others that contributes to effective leadership in
organizations.”

7. EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE
 2002 – William D. Macaleer and Jones B. Shannon,
wrote an article “Emotional Intelligence, how does it
effect leadership?” Their definition is
“Emotional intelligence is generally accepted to be a
combination of emotional and interpersonal
competencies that influence our behavior, thinking,
and interaction with others.”

8. EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE
 2007– Konstantinos Vasilis Petrides (K. V. Petrides)
in his Journal of Psychology with the name of "The
location of trait emotional intelligence in personality
factor space".
" Emotional Intelligence refers to an individual's
self-perceptions of their emotional abilities.”

9. EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE
 2008 –Andrew Coleman from Oxford University,
wrote in his book “A Dictionary of Psychology (3
ed.)
“The ability to monitor one's own and other people's
emotions, to discriminate between different
emotions and label them appropriately and to use
emotional information to guide thinking and
behavior.”

10. LEADERSHIP
 1957– John K. Hemphill and Alvin Coons from Ohio
State University, defined leadership in
“Development of the leader behavior description
questionnaire.”
“Leadership is the behavior of an individual when
he is directing the activities of a group toward a
shared goal.”

11. LEADERSHIP
 1961 – “Leadership and Organization: A Behavioral
Science Approach” by R. Tannenbaum, I. R.
Weschler, and F. Massarik. New York: McGraw-Hill
Book Company
“Leadership is interpersonal influence, exercised in
a situation, and directed, through the
communication process, toward the attainment of a
specified goal or goals”

12. LEADERSHIP
 1981 – Bermard M Bass and Ralph Malvin Stodgill.
In their book of “leadership: A survey of theory and
research and managerial applications.
“There are almost as many different definitions of
leadership as there are persons who have
attempted to define the concept.”

13. LEADERSHIP
 1981 – Bermard M Bass and Ralph Malvin Stodgill.
In their book of “leadership: A survey of theory and
research and managerial applications.
“Leadership may be considered as the process
(act) of influencing the activities of an organized
group in its efforts toward goal setting and goal
achievement.”

14. LEADERSHIP
 1995– “The Leadership Challenge: How to Keep
Getting Extraordinary Things Done in Organizations
(The Leadership Practices Inventory)” is a book
written by James Kouzes and Barry Z. Posner
“Leadership is the art of mobilizing others to want to
struggle for shared aspirations.”

15. LEADERSHIP
 2002– “The Leadership Challenge, Third Edition” is
a book written by James Kouzes and Barry Z.
Posner
“Leadership is a relationship between those who
aspire to lead and those who choose to follow.”

16. LEADERSHIP
 2004– Peter Guy Northouse wrote a book
“Leadership : theory and practice”. According to this
book
“Leadership is a process whereby an individual
influences a group of individuals to achieve a
common goal.”

17. LEADERSHIP
 2004– “Leadership: Theory, Application, & Skill
Development 5th Edition” is a book written
by Robert N. Lussier and Christopher F. Achua in
this book they define
“Leadership is the influencing process of leaders
and followers to achieve organizational objectives
through changes..”