The International Classification of Diseases (ICD) is a globally recognized system for classifying and coding diseases, health conditions, and related factors. It is maintained and updated by the World Health Organization (WHO) and serves several critical functions in healthcare and epidemiology. To describe the ICD comprehensively within 3000 characters, we'll cover its history, purpose, structure, and significance. **History:** The roots of the ICD can be traced back to the mid-19th century when various countries began documenting statistics on causes of death. The need for a standardized classification system became evident as different nations used their own systems, hindering international comparisons. The ICD was officially established in its modern form in 1948, with subsequent revisions and updates. **Purpose:** The primary purposes of the ICD are as follows: 1. **Disease Classification:** The ICD provides a systematic way to categorize diseases and health conditions. Each condition is assigned a unique code, which simplifies data collection and reporting. 2. **Clinical Diagnosis:** Healthcare professionals use the ICD to document and communicate diagnoses. This aids in patient care, medical billing, and insurance claims processing. 3. **Epidemiology:** The ICD is crucial for monitoring and analyzing disease patterns on a global scale. It helps identify emerging health threats, allocate resources, and develop public health policies. 4. **Health Statistics:** Governments and health organizations use the ICD to compile health statistics, such as causes of death and disease prevalence. This information guides healthcare planning and resource allocation. **Structure:** The ICD is organized into chapters, sections, and codes. The current version, ICD-10, is divided into 22 chapters, covering a wide range of health-related topics. Here's an overview of some key chapters: - **Chapter I:** Certain infectious and parasitic diseases - **Chapter II:** Neoplasms (cancers) - **Chapter III:** Diseases of the blood and blood-forming organs - **Chapter IV:** Endocrine, nutritional, and metabolic diseases - **Chapter V:** Mental and behavioral disorders - **Chapter VI:** Diseases of the nervous system - **Chapter VII:** Diseases of the eye and adnexa - **Chapter VIII:** Diseases of the ear and mastoid process - **Chapter IX:** Diseases of the circulatory system - **Chapter X:** Diseases of the respiratory system - **Chapter XI:** Diseases of the digestive system - **Chapter XII:** Diseases of the skin and subcutaneous tissue - **Chapter XIII:** Diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue - **Chapter XIV:** Diseases of the genitourinary system - **Chapter XV:** Pregnancy, childbirth, and the puerperium - **Chapter XVI:** Certain conditions originating in the perinatal period - **Chapter XVII:** Congenital malformations, deformations, and chromosomal abnormalities - **Chapter XVIII:** Symptoms, signs, and abnormal clinical and labor

1. INTERNATIONAL
CLASSIFICATION OF
DISEASESBIKASH
DANGAURA
BPH 4th SEM
ROLL NO.: NINE (09)
POKHARA UNIVERSITY, SCHOOL OF HEALTH AND
ALLIED SCIENCES POKHARA-LEKHNATH 30, KHUDI,
DHUNGEPATAN, KASKI

2. INTRODUCTION
• The International Classification of Diseases (ICD) is the
international "standard diagnostic tool for epidemiology, health
management and clinical purposes". Its full official name is
International Statistical Classification of Diseases and
Related Health Problems.
• The ICD is maintained by the World Health Organization (WHO),
the directing and coordinating authority for health within the United
Nations System.
• The ICD is originally designed as a health care classification
system, providing a system of diagnostic codes for classifying
diseases, including nuanced classifications of a wide variety of
signs, symptoms, abnormal findings, complaints, social
circumstances, and external causes of injury or disease.

3. PURPOSE AND USES OF ICD
• This system is designed to map health conditions to corresponding
generic categories together with specific variations, assigning for
these a designated code, up to six characters long.
• Thus, major categories are designed to include a set of similar
diseases. ICD-10 is a major step forward, because it has the
necessary terminological and ontological elements for seamless use
in digital health.
• The ICD is published by the WHO and used worldwide for
morbidity and mortality statistics and automated decision support
in health care.
• Easy storage, retrieval and analysis of health information for
evidenced- based decision-making.

4. …PURPOSE ANDUSES…contd…..
• Sharing and comparing health information between
hospitals, regions, settings and countries.
• Data comparisons in the same location across different time
periods.
• Monitoring of the incidence and prevalence of diseases,
observing reimbursements and resource allocation trends, and
keeping track of safety and quality guidelines.
• Counting of deaths as well as diseases, injuries, symptoms,
reasons for encounter, factors that influence health status,
and external causes of disease.

5. HISTORY OFICD
• The first international classification edition, known as
the International List of Causes of Death, was
adopted by the International Statistical Institute in
1893.
• WHO was entrusted with the ICD at its creation in 1948 and
published the 6th version, ICD-6, that incorporated morbidity for
the first time.
• The WHO Nomenclature Regulations, adopted in 1967,
stipulated that Member States use the most current ICD
revision for mortality and morbidity statistics.
• The ICD has been revised and published in a series of
editions to reflect advances in health and medical science

6. …..HISTORYOFICD…..contd
• ICD-10 was endorsed in May 1990 by the Forty-third World
Health Assembly.
• It is cited in more than 20,000 scientific articles and used by
more than 100 countries around the world.
• A version of ICD-11 was released on 18 June 2018 to allow
Member States to prepare for implementation, including
translating ICD into their national languages.
• ICD-11 will be submitted to the 144th Executive Board Meeting
in January 2019 and the Seventy-second World Health
Assembly in May 2019 and, following endorsement, Member
States will start reporting using ICD-11 on 1 January 2022.

7. Tabular List of Inclusions and FourCharacter
Sub Categories
I Certain infectious parasitic diseases
II Neoplasms
III Diseases of the blood and blood forming organs and certain disorders involving the
immune mechanism
IV Endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases
V Mental and behavioral disorders
VI Disease of nervous system
VII Disease of eyes and adnexa
VIII Disease of Ear and Mastoid Process
IX Disease of Circulatory System
X Disease of Respiratory System
XI Diseases of Digestive System
XII Diseases of Skin and Subcutaneous Tissue

8. …Tabular List of Inclusions and FourCharacter
Sub Categories…contd
XIII Diseases of the Musculoskeletal System and Connective Tissue
XIV Diseases of the Genitourinary System
XV Pregnancy, Childbirth and Puerperium
XVI Certain Conditions Originating in the Perinatal Period
XVII Congenital Malformations, Deformations and Chromosomal Abnormalities
XVIII Symptoms, Signs and Abnormal Clinical and Laboratory Findings Not Elsewhere Classified
XIX Injury, Poisoning and Certain Other Consequences of External Causes
XX External Causes of Morbidity and Mortality
XXI Factors Influencing Health Status and Contact with Health Services
XXII Codes for Special Purposes

9. CLASSIFICATIONOF DISEASES IN ICD
CHAPTER I
• Intestinal infectious diseases (A00–A09)
• A00 Cholera
• A01 Typhoid and paratyphoid fevers
• A02 Other Salmonella infections
• A03 Shigellosis
• A04 Other bacterial intestinal infections
• A05 Other bacterial foodborne intoxications, not elsewhere classified
• A06 Amoebiasis
• A07 Other protozoal intestinal diseases
• A08 Viral and other specified intestinal infections
• A09 Other gastroenteritis and colitis of infectious and unspecified origin

10. • Tuberculosis (A15–A19)
• A15 Respiratory tuberculosis, bacteriologically and histologically
confirmed
• A16 Respiratory tuberculosis, not confirmed bacteriologically or
histologically
• A17† Tuberculosis of nervous system
• A18 Tuberculosis of other organs
• A19 Miliary tuberculosis

11. • Certain zoonotic bacterial diseases (A20–A28)
• A20 Plague
• A21 Tularaemia
• A22 Anthrax
• A23 Brucellosis
• A24 Glanders and melioidosis
• A25 Rat-bite fevers
• A26 Erysipeloid
• A27 Leptospirosis
• A28 Other zoonotic bacterial diseases, not elsewhere classified

12. …CLASSIFICATIONOF DISEASES IN ICD…contd…
• Other Bacterial diseases (A30–A49)
• A30 Leprosy [Hansen disease]
• A31 Infection due to other mycobacteria
• A32 Listeriosis
• A33 Tetanus neonatorum
• A34 Obstetrical tetanus
• A35 Other tetanus
• A36 Diphtheria
• A37 Whooping cough
• A38 Scarlet fever
• A39 Meningococcal infection

13. • A40 Streptococcal sepsis
• A41 Other sepsis
• A42 Actinomycosis
• A43 Nocardiosis
• A44 Bartonellosis
• A46 Erysipelas
• A48 Other bacterial diseases, not elsewhere classified
• A49 Bacterial infection of unspecified site

14. • Infections with a predominantly sexual mode of transmission
(A50–A64)
• A50 Congenital syphilis
• A51 Early syphilis
• A52 Late syphilis
• A53 Other and unspecified syphilis
• A54 Gonococcal infection
• A55 Chlamydial lymphogranuloma (venereum)
• A56 Other sexually transmitted chlamydial diseases
• A57 Chancroid
• A58 Granuloma inguinale
• A59 Trichomoniasis
• A60 Anogenital herpesviral [herpes simplex] infection
• A63 Other predominantly sexually transmitted diseases, not elsewhere
classified
• A64 Unspecified sexually transmitted disease

15. • Other spirochaetal diseases (A65–A69)
• A65 Nonvenereal syphilis
• A66 Yaws
• A67 Pinta [carate]
• A68 Relapsing fevers
• A69 Other spirochaetal infections

16. • Other diseases caused by chlamydiae (A70–A74)
• A70 Chlamydia psittaci infection
• A71 Trachoma
• A74 Other diseases caused by chlamydiae

17. • Rickettsioses (A75–A79)
• A75 Typhus fever
• A77 Spotted fever [tick-borne rickettsioses]
• A78 Q fever
• A79 Other rickettsioses

18. • Viral infections of the central nervous system (A80–A89)
• A80 Acute poliomyelitis
• A81 Atypical virus infections of central nervous system
• A82 Rabies
• A83 Mosquito-borne viral encephalitis
• A84 Tick-borne viral encephalitis
• A85 Other viral encephalitis, not elsewhere classified
• A86 Unspecified viral encephalitis
• A87 Viral meningitis
• A88 Other viral infections of central nervous system, not elsewhere
classified
• A89 Unspecified viral infection of central nervous system

19. DISADVANTAGES OF ICDCLASSIFICATION
• This classification is not suitable in cases where few or no
information about patient is available. In such case only
symptoms of disease can be coded that can be caused by
several different medical condition that can be regularly coded
if we have enough information to confirm diagnosis.

20. CONCLUSION
• The nomenclature and classifications are essential part of scientific
methodology in the health care.
• The existing state of the nomenclature in the healthcare activity
enables the optimal application of the computer technology in the
processing and the retrieval of the medical data or information.
• The problems of the nomenclature of the health care services, the
classifications, the identification and coder for the needs of the
development and functioning of the informational systems in the health
care are the weakest link in our conditions.
• The ICD classification is one of the oldest and most important
classifications in medicine.
• In the scope of ICD are all fields of medicine. It is used in statistical
purpose and as a coding system in medical databases. This
classification is used by most of physicians.

21. REFERENCES
• http://www.who.int/classifications/icd/en/. Accessed 18th
June,2018 (17:30).
• International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related
Health Problems, The 10th Revision, Volume 1 World Health
Organization, 1992, Geneva. Accessed 18th June,2018
(18:00).