Colours from Hotel housekeeping management.

1. Colours
By,
Usha.G,
Assistant Professor,
B.Voc. Hospitality Management,
PSG College of Arts and Science

2. “
Colour
Colour
The property possessed by
The property possessed by
an object of producing
an object of producing
different sensations on the
different sensations on the
eye as a result of the way
eye as a result of the way
it reflects or emits light.
it reflects or emits light.
2

3. Colour
The study of colours may be approached from any of
The study of colours may be approached from any of
these angles:
these angles:
✔
✔ Physiologists
Physiologists
✔
✔ Chemist
Chemist
✔
✔ Physicist
Physicist
✔
✔ People who work with pigments
People who work with pigments
3

4. 1. Dimention of Colour
There are three properties or qualities, that may be called the
There are three properties or qualities, that may be called the
dimention of colours.
dimention of colours. T
These are just as the length, breath and
hese are just as the length, breath and
thickness of an object.
thickness of an object.

5. Hue
Hue
ü
üThis term indicates the name of the colour such as
This term indicates the name of the colour such as
red, blue, green, etc.
red, blue, green, etc.
ü
üThe colour of an object is determined by the
The colour of an object is determined by the
wavelengths of the light it reflects.
wavelengths of the light it reflects.
ü
üAn objects appears black when the wavelengths are
An objects appears black when the wavelengths are
absorbed and white when all are reflected.
absorbed and white when all are reflected.
ü
üAlthough the words ‘colour’ and ‘hue’ are used
Although the words ‘colour’ and ‘hue’ are used
interchangeably, ‘colour’ is a general term and ‘ hue’
interchangeably, ‘colour’ is a general term and ‘ hue’
is a specific term referring to definite identifiable
is a specific term referring to definite identifiable
colours.
colours.
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6. 6
Value
Value
✔
✔This describes the lightness or darkness of a colour.
This describes the lightness or darkness of a colour.
✔
✔There are a total of nine values, ranging from white to black.
There are a total of nine values, ranging from white to black.
✔
✔White is the highest value and no hue can be light as white.
White is the highest value and no hue can be light as white.
✔
✔Black is the lowest value and no hue can be darker than black.
Black is the lowest value and no hue can be darker than black.
✔
✔Half way between black and white comes middle values.
Half way between black and white comes middle values.
✔
✔Values can be changed by adding white to lighten a pigment or
Values can be changed by adding white to lighten a pigment or
by adding more pigment or black to darken them.
by adding more pigment or black to darken them.
✔
✔The value that is lighter than normal is called ‘Tint’ and that is
The value that is lighter than normal is called ‘Tint’ and that is
darker is called a ‘Shade'.
darker is called a ‘Shade'.
✔
✔Lighter values increase the size of the object and darker values
Lighter values increase the size of the object and darker values
decrease the size of an object.
decrease the size of an object.
White
Black
Highlight
Low dark
Light
Dark
Middle

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8. 8
Intensity
Intensity
✔
✔This refers to the brightness or dullness of a
This refers to the brightness or dullness of a
colour.
colour.
✔
✔A very bright colour is said to be of full intensity.
A very bright colour is said to be of full intensity.
✔
✔Colours at full intensity are striking and brilliant.
Colours at full intensity are striking and brilliant.
✔
✔If the intensity is so high, it may be considered
If the intensity is so high, it may be considered
gaudy, garnish or flashy.
gaudy, garnish or flashy.
✔
✔A colour that is not bright is said to have been
A colour that is not bright is said to have been
toned down and may be considered as dull, weak or
toned down and may be considered as dull, weak or
drab.
drab.

9. Dimensions of colour
1.
1. Hue: The colour itself such as Green.
Hue: The colour itself such as Green.
2.
2. Value: The lightness or darkness of
Value: The lightness or darkness of
the colour. Add white to get lightness,
the colour. Add white to get lightness,
black for darkness.
black for darkness.
3.
3. Intensity: The brightness or dullness
Intensity: The brightness or dullness
of the colour.
of the colour.
9
Value

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1. What are the dimensions of colour?
2. State the term that indicates the name of the colour?
3. The object appears ______________ when the wavelength is
absorbed.
4. The object appears ______________ when the wavelength is
reflected.
5. __________ describes the lightness or darkness of a colour.
6. ____________ is the highest value and has no hue.
7. ____________ is the lowest value and no hue is darker than it.
8. A value that is lighter than normal base colour is called _________.
9. A value that is darker than normal base colour is called _________.
10. __________ values decrease the size of the object.
11. __________ value increase the size of the object.
12. Chroma refers to the _________ of a colour.
13. A very bright colour has _________intensity.

11. Warm colours
Warm colours
✔
✔Colours
Colours that
that contain
contain greater
greater
proportions
proportions of
of yellow
yellow or
or red
red
are considered to be warm.
are considered to be warm.
✔
✔Red
Red and
and Orange
Orange are
are the
the
warmest of all colours.
warmest of all colours.
Warm and Cool colours
Cool colours
Cool colours
✔
✔Colours that contain blue
Colours that contain blue
are regarded as cool.
are regarded as cool.
✔
✔Blue is the coolest of
Blue is the coolest of
colours.
colours.
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Cool Colours
Cool Colours
✔
✔In the colour wheel, the colours to
In the colour wheel, the colours to
the right represent the cool colours.
the right represent the cool colours.
✔
✔T
They have a tranquilizing effect.
hey have a tranquilizing effect.
✔
✔Green is one of the most tranquil or
Green is one of the most tranquil or
restful colours, as it is the colour of
restful colours, as it is the colour of
fields and trees in nature.
fields and trees in nature.
✔
✔I
In rooms exposed to sunlight, cool
n rooms exposed to sunlight, cool
colours are used.
colours are used.
Warm and Cool colours
Warm Colours
Warm Colours
✔
✔In the colour wheel, the colours
In the colour wheel, the colours
to the left represent the warm
to the left represent the warm
colours.
colours.
They tend to excite.
They tend to excite.
✔
✔Warm colours are often used in
Warm colours are often used in
rooms that are difficult to heat or
rooms that are difficult to heat or
that have little or no sunlight.
that have little or no sunlight.

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1. What are important factors considered in interior design in relation with
warmthness or coolness?
2. What are warm colours?
3. What are cool colours?
4. ________________ is the coolest of all colours.
5. __________ colours excite.
6. Cool colours give _____________ effect.
7. Green is one of the most _______________ colour.
8. __________ colour is used in rooms that have more natural light.
9. ___________ colours are used in rooms that are difficult to heat.

14. Advancing and Receding colours
Receding Colours
Receding Colours
✔
✔Cool colours recede.
Cool colours recede.
✔
✔A cool, light colour on the walls
A cool, light colour on the walls
thus help to make a small room look
thus help to make a small room look
larger.
larger.
Advancing colours
Advancing colours
ü
ü Warm hues seem to advance.
Warm hues seem to advance.
ü
ü A warm colour visually draws the
A warm colour visually draws the
walls in, lowers a high ceiling or
walls in, lowers a high ceiling or
makes a room that is too large look
makes a room that is too large look
more compact.
more compact.
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15. ✔
✔ ____________ hues seem to advance.
____________ hues seem to advance.
✔
✔ Cool colours ______________.
Cool colours ______________.
✔
✔ ________ colours make a small room look larger.
________ colours make a small room look larger.
✔
✔ A ________ colour visually draws the walls in, lowers
A ________ colour visually draws the walls in, lowers
a high ceiling or makes a room look compact.
a high ceiling or makes a room look compact.
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The
Colour
Wheel

17. Prang’s colour wheel
Its the visual representation of colour
Its the visual representation of colour
theory.
theory.
ü
üPrimary Colours
Primary Colours
ü
üSecondary / Binary Colours
Secondary / Binary Colours
ü
üTertiary / Intermediate Colours
Tertiary / Intermediate Colours
17

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Primary Colours
üRed, Yellow and Blue are primary
colours.
üThey cannot be made by mixing
other colours but can be mixed to
form other colours.
üEqual distance from each other in
colour wheel.

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Secondary/ Binary Colours
üFormed by mixing two primary
colours in equal quantities.
üThey are also called three standard
colours.

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Tertiary/ Intermediate Colours
üIt is formed when a Primary and a neighbouring
Secondary colour is mixed in equal quantity.

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1. List out the primary colours.
2. Secondary colours is also called as __________________.
3. Which colours are called as intermediate colours?
4. ____________ colours cannot be made by mixing other colours.
5. _____________ form six standard colours.
6. Secondary colours are formed by mixing ___________in equal quantities.
7. _______________ is formed when a Primary and a neighbouring Secondary
colour is mixed in equal quantity.
8. Green is a primary colour.- (T/F)
9. Give an example for Tertiary colours.

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Colour Schemes and
Harmonies

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üIt refers to the combination of colours
used for decorating.
üIt is categorised into two types:-
* Related colour schemes
* Contrasting colour schemes
COLOUR SCHEMES

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CLASSIFICATION OF COLOUR SCHEMES
Colour Schemes
Related
colour
Schemes
Monoch
romatic
colour
scheme
s
Analog
ous
colour
scheme
s
Double
Analog
ous
Colour
scheme
Contrasting
Colour
Schemes
Comple
mentar
y colour
scheme
Double
Comple
mentry
Colour
scheme
Spilt
comple
mentry
Colour
scheme
Triad
colour
scheme
Tetrad
colour
scheme
Accent
ed
neutral
colour
scheme

25. 25
üIt is also called as one-hue or one – mode harmony.
üIt evolves from one single colour.
üIt has a disadvantage of monotony.
üInterest is gained by using different values of
colour from light to dark.
1. Monochromatic Colour Scheme
Light to darker colour

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üThese are based on hues that lie next
to each other or neighbouring colours
on the colour wheel.
üIt uses minimum of 2 colours to
maximum of 3 colours are used with
one dominating.
üExample: yellow, yellow-orange,
orange
2. Analogous Colour Schemes

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3. Double Analogous Colour Schemes
üAny four adjacent hues on the colour
wheel make up a double analogous
scheme.
üThere should be a harmony of hues
used in such a scheme, avoiding too
many contrasts.

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üComplementary colours are colours that are
opposite each other on the colour wheel.
üThey offer a great range of possibilities.
ücomplement absorbs all the light waves the other
colour reflects and is the strongest contrast to the
colour.
üWhen complementary colours are used, one of
the two colours should be used in full intensity and
limited to small areas while the opposite colour
should be used in larger area with subdued colours.
4. Complementary Colour Scheme

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5. Double Complementary Colour Scheme
üTwo adjacent colours and their
complements used together form a double
complementary colour scheme.

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üSplit Complementary colours are 3 colours that
are combined by one hue plus the hues on each
side of its complement.
üAs an example: Choose the colour yellow
üTake yellow’s complement which is violet and
take the hues on each side of the complement (red-
violet and blue-violet) but not the complement,
and combine with the yellow.
üyellow Violet Red Violet Blue Violet
üYellow, blue-violet and red-violet
6. Split Complementary Colour Scheme

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7. Triad Colour Scheme
üA triadic or triangular colour scheme is
made up of any three colours that are
equidistant from each other on the colour
wheel.
üLarge areas should have subdued
colour and only smaller area of one or
two colour are kept at full intensity.

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8. Tetrad Colour Scheme
üAny four hues that are equidistant from
one another on the colour wheel produce a
tetrad colour scheme.
üSuch combinations are rich, varied, yet
unifies and well-balanced compositions.

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9. Accented Neutral Colour Scheme
üThis is a type of scheme in which most
of the room are in expanses of neutral
colours, with small areas of a bright
colour used for accent.

34. Planning Colour
Schemes
34

35. Planning Colour Schemes
35
The factors that must be considered when planning a
colour scheme for a room are as follows,
ü Purpose of the room
ü Size and Proportions of the room
ü Relationship to other rooms
ü Amount of light received by an area
ü Types of surface
ü Law of Chromatic distribution

36. 1.Purpose of the Room
36
üThe colours in a room must suit the purpose of the room
and create a atmosphere that needs to be conveyed.
üThe colours must express the interests and personalities of
those who will use the room.
üGuest room – Cool and restful colours
üRecreation room – Pale, dull and Sophisticated colours.
üBed room- greyed colours
üNursery – Delicate Pastel colours.
üLiving Room – Very warm and very cool colours to be
avoided. Sophisticated colours and grey toned can be used.

37. Colour Palette
37
Subdued Colours

38. Purpose of the Room – Dining Room
38
üDining Room – the colour should be
stimulating to thoughts of food.
üPeach, pink and other tints in red and orange
are most applicable.
üUnappetizing tints and shades are yellow-
green, blues and purples.
üPale yellow is appetizing.
üDarker yellow is distasteful.

39. Purpose of the Room – Kitchen
39
üIn kitchen – the colour scheme should be cheerful,
light and bright.
üCool colours are thought to counteract the heat of
cooking.
üWhite or light walls are usually best for visibility.
üNatural wood is also desirable.
üThe colours in the kitchen should stimulate the
creativity.
üOne vital colour, either a primary or secondary, may
be used in wood work, furniture and so on.
üOther colours are supplied by pots, pans or crockery.

40. Purpose of the Room – Bathroom
40
üBathroom walls and fixtures are usually
white, for hygiene as well as aesthetic
reasons.
üHowever, bathrooms are often decorated
in colours that are suggestive of water as
well, such as green, blue, violet or grey.

41. 2. Size and proportions of the room
41
üA small room can be made to appear larger if light,
cool colours are used on the walls.
üA long, narrow room will appear to have better
proportions if the smaller end walls are painted a
warmer colour, or a darker shade of the same colour is
used on the long walls.
üA square room gets elongated if two opposites walls
are painted a dark colour and the other two a light one.
üDark and warm colours make walls move in towards
you, light and cool colours make them move out away
from you.

42. 2. Size and proportions of the room
42
üA ceiling that is too high can be made to appear
lower if it is painted darker or warmer than the
walls, or if the colour used on the ceiling is
extended several inches down the wall.
üSharp colour contrasts also affect the apparent
size of the rooms.
üIt is desirable to make the walls lighter that the
floor and the ceilings lighter than the walls.
üThree or four colours are enough in any room.
üBlack, white, grey, silver, gold and natural wood
are considered neutrals and can be used in addition
to these three or four colours in the colour scheme.

43. 3. Relationship to other rooms
43
üA room should harmonize with other rooms in the
property.
üA hallway should harmonize with all the rooms that
open onto it and the colours in one room should harmonize
with the colours in other rooms that can be seen from it.
üThere should be a feeling of unity or harmony as you
pass from one room to another.

44. 4. Amount of light received by an area
44
üIf the area receives a lot of natural light ,
the colours used should be cool to provide
relief from strong daylight and natural
heating.
üAn area that receives very little light
should be done up in warm colours such as
red, orange and yellow.

45. 5. Type of surface
45
A rough surface casts
small shadows and so
appears darker than
a smooth one.

46. 6. Law of chromatic distribution
46
üThis is a general rule to be applied to the various areas in a room.
üThe law states that larger areas in a room must be covered with the
most neutral hues in the colour scheme.
üAs the areas reduce in size, chromatic intensity may be
proportionately increased.
üFor this purpose, a room can be subdivided into component areas of
colour distribution as follows:
1. Dominant areas: walls, floors, and ceilings.
2. Medium areas: draperies, bed covers and so on.
3. Smaller areas: sofa sets, small pieces of upholstered furniture, and
so on.
4. Accents: ashtrays, paintings, flowers and so on.

47. Role Of Colours In Interiors
1.
1. To increase the height of the room.
To increase the height of the room.
- Paint the ceiling and walls with light cool colours to increase the height of
- Paint the ceiling and walls with light cool colours to increase the height of
the room
the room
2. To decrease the height of a room
2. To decrease the height of a room
- Paint the ceilings with darker, warmer colours than the walls
- Paint the ceilings with darker, warmer colours than the walls
3. To increase the size of a room.
3. To increase the size of a room.
- Square room looks more elongated if two opposite walls are painted a dark
- Square room looks more elongated if two opposite walls are painted a dark
colour and the other two lighter colour
colour and the other two lighter colour
4. To reduce the size of a room.
4. To reduce the size of a room.
-Paint all the walls in warm darker shades to decrease the room size.
-Paint all the walls in warm darker shades to decrease the room size.
5. To reduce the length of a long narrow room.
5. To reduce the length of a long narrow room.
- Paint either smaller or longer walls with dark warmer colours.
- Paint either smaller or longer walls with dark warmer colours. 47

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IMPACT OF COLOUR ON HUMANS
üBlue: lower blood pressure, masculine
üRed: creates hunger, danger, strength, love
üWhite: gives purity, cleanliness, fresh, calm
üYellow: brings health, happiness, warmth
üGreen: inspires creativity, peace, nature, safe
üGrey: high tech, wisdom, corporate
üBlack: Mystery, sorrow

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