Semiconductors have electronic and thermal properties between conductors and insulators. They have a small but nonzero electronic bandgap and their resistivity decreases with increasing temperature. There are two main types - intrinsic semiconductors like germanium and silicon, and extrinsic semiconductors that are doped with impurities to create n-type or p-type materials. Semiconductors are used in transistors, diodes, sensors, microcontrollers and integrated chips. They also have applications in temperature sensors, 3D printing, microchips for technologies like self-driving cars, and basic electrical circuits.