Group 7's presentation was about thunderstorms. It defined thunderstorms, explained how they form through 3 stages (cumulus, mature, dissipating), and described the main types (orographic, air mass, frontal). It covered key characteristics like lightning, thunder, heavy rainfall, strong winds. Both positive impacts like natural rainfall and nitrogen fixation, and negative ones like lightning hazards, hail damage, tornadoes, and rainfall floods were discussed. The presentation ended with thunderstorm safety tips.
The Indian summer monsoon:Past present and future_Julia Slingo_2010India Water Portal
This presentation on the Indian Summer Monsoon by Julia Slingo of Edinburgh Met Office (United Kingdom) broadly deals with what the monsoon means for the people of India and the basic science of monsoon.
The history of the United Kingdom’s interest in the Indian monsoon is discussed as also the challenges of climate change for India. Some basic facts regarding the Indian socio-economic context are presented to underline the importance of rainfed agriculture and hence the dependence on monsoons.
‘Monsoon’ means ‘season’, and describes a complete reversal of wind regimes during the seasonal cycle. Monsoons are characterised by a pronounced rainy season. Monsoons are driven by changes in the distribution of heating driven primarily by the seasonal cycle of the sun. A thermal contrast between land and sea is required to set up a monsoon. The Indian Monsoon is part of a much larger circulation, the Asian Monsoon.
The United Kingdom's fascination with the meteorology of India is presented. India appeared to offer an ideal natural laboratory for the science, and an ideal space in which to demonstrate the political importance of science in a global age. The British meteorologist Henry Francis Blanford had commented that "Order and regularity are as prominent characteristics of our (India’s) atmospheric phenomena, as are caprice and uncertainty those of their European counterparts."
From the political economy angle the British were of the view that the control of famine through climate prediction would mean that India could be governed more effectively. The presentation thereafter dealt with the changing nature of Indian rainfall and scientific challenges like:
How will the mean monsoon behave?
How will climate change affect the stability of the monsoon?
Will it become more variable?
Will it be less predictable?
What will climate change mean for extreme events?
How will changes in atmospheric composition affect the monsoon?
The IPCC’s 4th Assessment Report has projections of likely shifts in rainfall patterns by 2080. The changing nature of Indian rainfall with climate change is mainly due to the impact of 2xCO2 on the number of rain days and rainfall intensity. There will be a decrease in number of rain days and an increase in rain intensity on days when raining.
According to Slingo et al there will be changes in the intensity of extreme Indian daily rainfall with climate change. But not all models agree with this simple hypothesis. The impact of aerosols on the monsoons is highlighted viz., the pre-monsoon build up of absorbing aerosol from Arabian and Saharan dust, Thar dust and local black carbon sources.
The presentation finally concludes with the thought that there is much still to learn about what controls the monsoon and its variability. Model improvements are vital for making progress in monsoon prediction and impacts of climate change remain hugely uncertain for those reasons.
The Indian summer monsoon:Past present and future_Julia Slingo_2010India Water Portal
This presentation on the Indian Summer Monsoon by Julia Slingo of Edinburgh Met Office (United Kingdom) broadly deals with what the monsoon means for the people of India and the basic science of monsoon.
The history of the United Kingdom’s interest in the Indian monsoon is discussed as also the challenges of climate change for India. Some basic facts regarding the Indian socio-economic context are presented to underline the importance of rainfed agriculture and hence the dependence on monsoons.
‘Monsoon’ means ‘season’, and describes a complete reversal of wind regimes during the seasonal cycle. Monsoons are characterised by a pronounced rainy season. Monsoons are driven by changes in the distribution of heating driven primarily by the seasonal cycle of the sun. A thermal contrast between land and sea is required to set up a monsoon. The Indian Monsoon is part of a much larger circulation, the Asian Monsoon.
The United Kingdom's fascination with the meteorology of India is presented. India appeared to offer an ideal natural laboratory for the science, and an ideal space in which to demonstrate the political importance of science in a global age. The British meteorologist Henry Francis Blanford had commented that "Order and regularity are as prominent characteristics of our (India’s) atmospheric phenomena, as are caprice and uncertainty those of their European counterparts."
From the political economy angle the British were of the view that the control of famine through climate prediction would mean that India could be governed more effectively. The presentation thereafter dealt with the changing nature of Indian rainfall and scientific challenges like:
How will the mean monsoon behave?
How will climate change affect the stability of the monsoon?
Will it become more variable?
Will it be less predictable?
What will climate change mean for extreme events?
How will changes in atmospheric composition affect the monsoon?
The IPCC’s 4th Assessment Report has projections of likely shifts in rainfall patterns by 2080. The changing nature of Indian rainfall with climate change is mainly due to the impact of 2xCO2 on the number of rain days and rainfall intensity. There will be a decrease in number of rain days and an increase in rain intensity on days when raining.
According to Slingo et al there will be changes in the intensity of extreme Indian daily rainfall with climate change. But not all models agree with this simple hypothesis. The impact of aerosols on the monsoons is highlighted viz., the pre-monsoon build up of absorbing aerosol from Arabian and Saharan dust, Thar dust and local black carbon sources.
The presentation finally concludes with the thought that there is much still to learn about what controls the monsoon and its variability. Model improvements are vital for making progress in monsoon prediction and impacts of climate change remain hugely uncertain for those reasons.
A document tackling about the basis of Thunderstorms:
-What is Thunderstorm?
-How do the Thunderstorms form?
-What is the difference between thunder and lightning?
Between a water spout and a tornado?
-What are the types of Lightning? of a Thunderstorm?
-What are some signs of an approaching thunderstorm?
-What are some precautionary measures to do before and during a thunderstorm?
-Case of Thunderstorms in the Philippines and on Planes
Thunderstorms are most likely to occur in the spring and summer months and during the afternoon and evening hours, but they can occur year-round and at all hours. Thunderstorms frequently occur in the late afternoon and at night in the Plains states. This module highlights the basics of thunderstorms.
This presentation have all what you need to present about Monsoon winds, even it's types.
If you want to learn geophysics/geology
visit my blog
http://geophysicsdiary.blogspot.com/
Definition, Forms of precipitation, Types of Precipitation, FACTORS ON WHICH
PRECIPITATION DEPENDS UPON, FACTORS AFFECTING PRECIPITATION, VARIABILITY OF PRECIPITATION, Measurement of Precipitation, IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON
RAINFALL,
The reason for the occurrence of such a huge mass of water on the globe, is still a myth and reality. The reason goes back to the Origin of Earth itself. The exact mode of origin is not precisely known. Scientists assume, both Primary and secondary sources would have given rise to all both air and water on the earth. Two possible sources as internal source (or) external source have been proposed so far. Some of them are attributed towards the theories of origin of the earth.
A document tackling about the basis of Thunderstorms:
-What is Thunderstorm?
-How do the Thunderstorms form?
-What is the difference between thunder and lightning?
Between a water spout and a tornado?
-What are the types of Lightning? of a Thunderstorm?
-What are some signs of an approaching thunderstorm?
-What are some precautionary measures to do before and during a thunderstorm?
-Case of Thunderstorms in the Philippines and on Planes
Thunderstorms are most likely to occur in the spring and summer months and during the afternoon and evening hours, but they can occur year-round and at all hours. Thunderstorms frequently occur in the late afternoon and at night in the Plains states. This module highlights the basics of thunderstorms.
This presentation have all what you need to present about Monsoon winds, even it's types.
If you want to learn geophysics/geology
visit my blog
http://geophysicsdiary.blogspot.com/
Definition, Forms of precipitation, Types of Precipitation, FACTORS ON WHICH
PRECIPITATION DEPENDS UPON, FACTORS AFFECTING PRECIPITATION, VARIABILITY OF PRECIPITATION, Measurement of Precipitation, IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON
RAINFALL,
The reason for the occurrence of such a huge mass of water on the globe, is still a myth and reality. The reason goes back to the Origin of Earth itself. The exact mode of origin is not precisely known. Scientists assume, both Primary and secondary sources would have given rise to all both air and water on the earth. Two possible sources as internal source (or) external source have been proposed so far. Some of them are attributed towards the theories of origin of the earth.
Climate Extreme (extreme weather or climate event) refers to the occurrence of a value of a weather or climate variable above (or below) a threshold value near the upper (or lower) ends of the range of observed values of the variable. Extreme weather and climate events, interacting with exposed and vulnerable human and natural systems, can lead to disasters.
In this episode, the following aspects of cyclone are discussed:
1. Origin of Cyclones
2. Types of cyclonic storms and their physical characteristics
3. Distribution of Cyclones
4. Environmental impacts of cyclones
5. Cyclone disaster Management.
about the formation and causes and impacts of the cyclone formation in the earth. and cyclone formed in the INDIA region whole about the briefly explained about cyclone
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
3. What is Thunderstorm?
• A thunderstorm is a weather condition
characterized by heavy rain and wind
accompanied by lighting, thunder, sometimes
with hail and tornados.
• According to A.N. Strahler , “A thunderstorm is
an intense local storm associated with large,
dense cumulonimbus clouds in which there are
very strong updraft of air.”
5. Condition : 1
• There must be an abundant source
of moisture in the lower levels of
the atmosphere.
• As the moisture condenses, it
releases latent heat.
• The release of latent heat keeps the
cloud warmer then the air around it,
which is crucial in maintaining the
upward motion of the cloud.
6. Condition : 2
• Some mechanism ( orographic, lifting,
temperature difference, fronts) must lift the air so
that the moisture can condense and release heat.
Condition : 3
• The portion of the atmosphere through which the
cloud grows must be unstable.
7. 3 Stages of thunderstorm formation
1. Cumulus Stage:
The sun heats the earth’s surface
during the day. The heat on the
surface warms the air around it.
Since warm air is lighter than cold air,
it starts to rise (known as an updraft).
If air is moist, then the warm
condenses into a cumulus cloud. The
cloud will continue to grow as long
warm air below it continues to rise.
8. 3 Stages of thunderstorm formation
2. Mature Stage:
When the cumulus cloud becomes
very large, the water in it becomes
large and heavy. Raindrops start to
fall through the cloud when the rising
air can no longer hold them up.
Meanwhile, cool dry air start to enter
the cloud. Because cool air is heavier
them warm air, it start to descend in
the cloud(known as a downdraft) and
it pulls the water downward to make
rain.
9. 3 Stages of thunderstorm formation
3. Dissipating Stage:
After about 30 min, the thunderstorm
begins to dissipate. This occurs when
the downdrafts in the cloud begins to
dominate over the updraft. Since
warm moist air can no longer rise,
cloud droplets can no longer form.
The storm dies out with light rain as
the cloud disappears from bottom to
top.
10. Types of thunderstorms
Thunderstorms are classified according to where
they occurred are mainly three types.
Thunderstorms Orographic
Air mass
orographic
11. Orographic Thunderstorms
They are formed when the air is pushed
up a mountain side. The warm, moist air
rises from surface up to the slope of
mountain .The cloud gets too heavy and it
precipitates itself out on the windward side
of mountain and then it will collapse and
dissipate without ever crossing the
mountain.
This type of thunderstorms is found on the
windward side of a mountain range. In the
united states we would found this type of
thunderstorms on western slopes of rokey
mountains and also the western slopes of
Applachians.
This type thunderstorm create heavy
rainfall on the wind ward side of mountain.
Orographic Thunderstorms
12. Air mass Thunderstorm
Air mass thunderstorm is a
special kind of storms that occurs
when the air is humid, warm and
unstable .
They are the single cell or isolated
storms that are caused by the
heating of the ground from solar
radiation . This is why they to be
happening during the hottest part
of the day.
They are mostly vertical on
structure and short lived storm.
They are mostly found in tropical
environmental regions like Florida.
13. Frontal Thunderstorms
Frontal thunderstorms are
associated with the collision of two
air masses, which are referred to us a
frontal.
It form when a cold air mass forces
warm, moist, air mass above it. This
violent motion can be developped
into significant vertical movement,
resulting thunderstorms.
They are often found in Mid-Latitude,
Continental Regions, Coastal Regions
etc.
r
FrontalThunderstorms
15. Lightning
• Lightning is a powerful electrical
discharge that occurs during a
thunderstorm.
• It results from the separation of
positive and negative charges
within a cloud or between the
cloud and the ground.
• Lightning bolts can be seen as
bright flashes of light and are
often accompanied by a crackling
or rumbling sound.
16. Lightning Facts
• The majority of lightning occurs within clouds…only about 20%
between cloud and ground.
• The lightning strokes heats a narrow channel to roughly 54,000
F—much hotter than the surface of the sun. Causes air to expand
explosively—producing thunder.
• Light from lightning moves at the speed of light (186,000 miles per
second), while sound of thunder only moves at 1/5 mile per
second.
• Can use the difference to determine how far the lightning stroke is
for every 5 second difference-one mile away
17. Thunder
Thunder is the sound produced by the rapid
expansion of air due to the intense heat
generated by lightning.It is often described
as a loud rumble or boom and can be heard
shortly after seeing the lightning flash.The
time delay between seeing the lightning and
hearing the thunder can help estimate the
distance of the storm.
18. Strong Winds
Thunderstorms are often
accompanied by strong gusts of wind,
which can cause branches to break,
trees to be uprooted, and debris to be
thrown around.These strong winds
can also contribute to the rapid spread
of wildfires, especially during dry
conditions.
The gusts in Ordinary thunderstorms can range from 48 to 80
kilometers per hour.
Wind gusts in Supercells can exceed 160 kilometers
per hour.
19. Heavy Rainfall
Thunderstorms are known for their
intense and heavy rainfall, which can
lead to flash floods and
waterlogging.The rapid accumulation of
water on the ground can result in
hazardous conditions and damage to
property and infrastructure.
20. Thunderstorms and the Environment
Thunderstorms play a vital role in the Earth's
atmosphere.They help transport heat,
moisture, and pollutants between the surface
and the upper atmosphere.Thunderstorms can
contribute to nitrogen fixation, which
enriches the soil with nutrients.
23. Nitrogen Fixation
Nightning fixes nitrogen in the ground/soil through
electro-magnetic chemical processes.Each bolt of
lightning carries electrical energy that is powerful
enough to break the strong bonds of the nitrogen
molecule in the atmosphere.Free nitrogen atoms in
the air bond with oxygen in the air to create nitrogen
oxides, which dissolve in moisture to form nitrates
that are carried to Earth's surface by
precipitation.Lightning accounts for some naturally
occurring reactive nitrogen-worldwide each year,
lightning fixes an estimated 3-10 teragrams (Tg), the
usual measurement unit for discussing the
global nitrogen cycle.
24. lighting recharge Earth’s negative charge
During a thunderstorm, lightning imparts
negative electric charges
(-) to the earth's surface, thereby
replenishing earth's negative charges
25. Negative effect of Thunderstorm
• Lightning Hazards
• Hail Damage
• Tornadoes
• Rainfall and Flood
26. Lightning Hazards
• When lightning strikes the ground or a
structure, it can cause injuries or fatalities
to people and animals in its vicinity.
• It can also start wildfires if it strikes dry
vegetation or flammable materials.
• Additionally, lightning can damage
electrical systems and electronic devices,
leading to power outages and equipment
failures.
27. Hail Damage
• Hail is solid precipitation in the form of balls or
lumps of ice that are created within powerful
thunderstorms with strong updrafts.
• Hailstones vary in size, from small pellets to
large golf ball sized or even larger stones.
• During severe thunderstorms, large hailstones can
cause significant damage to crops, vehicles,
roofs, windows, and other property.
• Hail damage can result in expensive repairs and
insurance claims.
28. Tornadoes
• Tornadoes can uproot trees, destroy
buildings, and throw debris at high
speeds, posing severe risks to people
in their path.
• Tornadoes are associated with
supercell thunderstorms, which are
large and long-lived storms with
intense rotation.
29. Thunderstorm Safety Tips
• Stay Informed
• Seek Shelter Indoors
• Avoid Electrical Appliances
• Avoid Windows and Doors
30. Pay attention to weather forecasts and
warnings issued by local authorities.Have a
weather app or a battery-powered NOAA
Weather Radio to receive updates
during power outages.
Stay Informed
31. Seek Shelter Indoors
If a thunderstorm is approaching, seek
shelter in a sturdy building.Avoid small,
open structures and isolated trees.
32. Avoid Electrical Appliances
Refrain from using electrical appliances,
including corded phones and computers,
during a thunderstorm.
Lightning can cause power surges that may
damage electronics.