A powerpoint presentation on Cell Cycle and Cell Division.

1. CELL CYCLE
AND CELL
DIVISION

2. The Cell Cycle
represents all phases in
the life of a cell.

4. What Is the Cell
Cycle?
The cell cycle consists of sequential
phases of events wherein the parent cell
divides and replicates DNA materials to
produce two daughter cells.

5. Why Do Cells Have to Undergo
Cell Cycle Processes?
• For growth
• For cell differentiation
• For repair and healing of damaged tissues
• For replication of genetic materials
• For reproduction of species

6. Interphase
Describes the cell’s daily functions of
growth, metabolism, and the copying of
DNA in preparation for either mitosis or
meiosis

7. a. Gap 1 (G1) Stage
Sees the cell
preparing for DNA
replication by
increasing its
metabolism,
proteins, and
available organelles
Image credit: http://www.news-
medical.net/image.axd?picture=2016%2F6%2FCell_division_shutterstock_137
897120.jpg

8. b. Synthesis (S) Stage
Image credit: http://www.news-
medical.net/image.axd?picture=2016%2F6%2FCell_division_shutterstock_137
897120.jpg
Involves the actual
replication of DNA
materials leading to
the doubling of the
cell’s chromosomal
number

9. c. Gap 2 (G2) Stage
Sees the cell
continuing to grow
in preparation for
mitosis or meiosis
Image credit: http://www.news-
medical.net/image.axd?picture=2016%2F6%2FCell_division_shutterstock_137
897120.jpg

10. M Phase
Can either indicate Mitosis or
Meiosis.
Mitosis involves the separation of
copied chromosomes into
separate cells.

11. Cell Division—involves the
distribution of identical genetic
material or DNA to two daughter
cells. What is most remarkable is
the fidelity with which the DNA
is passed along, without dilution
or error, from one generation to
the next.

12. Cell Division functions in
reproduction, growth, and
repair.

13. Cytokinesis
Image credit: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cytokinesis#/media/File:Unk.cilliate.jpg
In eukaryotic cells, it sees the
nuclear membrane dividing into
two and will produce two
daughter cells with inherent traits
similar to the parent cell.

14. Checkpoint—a critical
control point in the Cell
Cycle where ‘stop’ and
‘go-ahead’ signals can
regulate the cell cycle.

21. MITOSIS

23. Prophase—is the preparatory stage where the initially
indistinct chromosomes begin to condense into visible
threads.

24. The assembly of the microtubular apparatus that will later
separate the sister chromatids also continues during prophase.
This arrangement of microtubules is called an aster.

25. By the time the centrioles reach the opposite poles of the
cell, they have established a bridge of microtubules called
the spindle apparatus between them.

27. During prophase, centrioles move toward opposite
sides of the nucleus.

28. PROPHASE SUMMARY
 nuclear membrane disintegrates
 nucleolus disappears
 chromosomes condense
 mitotic spindle begins to form between centrioles
 kinetochores begin to mature and attach to spindle

29. Metaphase—is when chromosomes become arranged so that their
centromeres become aligned in one place, halfway between the two
spindle poles.

30. An imaginary plane perpendicular to the axis of the spindle that passes through
this circle is called the metaphase plate. The metaphase plate is not an actual
structure, but rather an indication of the future axis of cell division.

31. METAPHASE SUMMARY
 kinetochores attach chromosomes to mitotic spindle and
align them along metaphase plate at equator of cell

32. Anaphase—is initiated by the separation of sister chromatids at their
junction point at the centromere. The daughter chromosomes then
move toward the poles.

33. ANAPHASE SUMMARY
 kinetochore microtubules shorten, separating
chromosomes to opposite poles
 polar microtubules elongate, preparing cell for
cytokinesis

34. Telophase—is when daughter chromosomes complete their
migration to the poles. The two sets of progeny chromosomes are
assembled into two-groups at opposite ends of the cell.

35. The chromosomes uncoil and assume their extended form
during interphase. A nuclear membrane then forms around
each chromosome group and the spindle microtubules
disappear. Soon, the nucleolus reforms.

36. TELOPHASE SUMMARY
 chromosomes reach poles of cell
 kinetochores disappear
 polar microtubules continue to elongate,
preparing cell for cytokinesis
 nuclear membrane re-forms
 nucleolus reappears
 chromosomes decondense

37. Cytokinesis—is the division of the
cytoplasm. Both mitosis and cytokinesis
last for around one to two hours.