This presentation provides a basic insight of Urine an important body fluid. This will help readers develop a basic concept about urine, its formation, urinalysis, composition, and all. It will help medical and biomedical students.

1. URINE:
An overview
By
PRANISHA
ADHIKARI

2. Introduction
Urine is a waste product of the human
body's urinary system.
▪ An important diagnostic tool

3. The Urinary
System
Consists of:
• 2 Kidneys
• 2 Ureters
• A bladder
• An urethra

4. Urine formation
1.Glomerular filtration
2. Selective reabsorption
3. Tubular Secretion

7. URINE COMPOSITION
• Ph of urine is about 4.6 to 7.
• Normal 95% water, 5% solutes.
• Major organic solute is urea( PROTEIN, AMINO ACIDS BREAKDOWN);makes up approx.
One half of the dissolved solids
• Inorganic chloride, sodium and potassium.
• May also contain cells, casts, crystals, mucus, and bacteria.

8. URINE CONTAINS
• Ammonia
• Phosphate
• Magnesium
• Potassium
• Creatinine
• Urea
• Sulphate
• Chloride
• Calcium
• Sodium
• Uric acid

9. Abnormal Constituents Of Urine
• Protein
• Ketone bodies
• Blood
• Bile salts
• Bile pigments
• Fats

10. Biomedical Importance Of Urine
• Diagnostic Tool
• Kidney function Assessment
• Drug Monitoring
• Pregnancy Test
• Disease Marker
• Electrolyte

11. Urine analysis
A urinalysis is a simple test
that looks at a small sample
of your urine. It can help
find problems that need
treatment, including
infection or kidney
problems.

12. Collection of urine specimen
• Containers for the collection of urine should be wide-
mouthed, clean, and dry.
• Analysed within two hours of collection else requires
refrigeration.
• Label the containers with the patient’s name, date of birth
and time.

13. Physical
examination
• Volume
• Colour
• Odour
• Ph
• Specific gravity

14. Chemical examination
• Glucose
• Ketone bodies
• Protein
• Blood
• Bile salts
• Bile pigments

15. Microscopic examination
• White blood cells
• Red blood cells
• Bacteria, yeast, or
parasites
• Casts
• Crystals

16. Facts about urine
• An adult bladder can typically store up to two cups of urine for 2 to 5hrs.
• Average person produces about 1 to 2 litres of urine per day.
• Urine contains a variety of chemical compounds that can be detected by trained
dogs.
• In ancientRome, urinewas used as cleaning agent , tooth whitener and even as a
componentin certain cosmetics
• People with shorter urethraget more UTIs.
• The bladder is as big as your brain.