The document discusses different types of ecological interactions that occur in nature such as predation, parasitism, competition, mutualism, and commensalism. Predation benefits one organism while harming the other, such as a tiger eating a deer. Parasitism also benefits one organism, the parasite, while harming the host. Competition can initially harm both organisms as they compete for resources, but eventually benefits the stronger organism. Mutualism provides benefits to both organisms, like flowers and butterflies. Commensalism benefits one organism without affecting the other, like mango trees providing shelter for vanda plants. These ecological interactions help maintain balance in ecosystems.

1. ECOLOGICAL INTERACTIONS
By,
Panjami Rajan
Natural science
Roll No:27

2. INTRODUCTION
There are many interactions in nature
that we do not see or realize. These
interactions maintain the balance and stability
of the ecosystem. Food relations are visible
instances of interaction among organisms.
Ecological interactions helps in maintaining
ecological balance.

3. KINDS OF ECOLOGICAL INTERACTIONS
The following are the kinds of ecological
interactions,
 Predation
 Parasitism
 Competition
 Mutualism
 Commensalism

4. PREDATION
 Beneficial to one but harmful to the other.
 Prey becomes the food of the predator.
 Example: Deer and tiger.

5. Another example for Predation,
Fox eating rabbit

6. PARASITISM
 Beneficial to one and harmful to the other.
 The parasite depends on the host for
nutrition.
 Example: Mango tree and loranthus.

7. Another example for Parasitism,
Lice on human head

8. COMPETITION
 Harmful to both in the beginning.
 Then beneficial to one those who wins.
 Example: Paddy and weeds.

9. Another example for Competition,
Animals fighting for same natural
resource

10. MUTUALISM
 Beneficial to both the organisms.
 Example: Flower and butterfly.

11. Another example for Mutulism,
Grazing cow and crane

12. COMMENSALISM
 Beneficial to one and is neither beneficial
nor harmful to the other.
 Example: Mango tree and vanda

13. Another example for Commensalism,
Shark and sucker fish

14. CONCLUSION
The ecosystem becomes more stable as the
diversity of ecological interactions and abiotic
factor increases. Ecological interactions
maintains the stability and balance of our
natural ecosystem.

15. THANK YOU