The Mechanics of Writing - Titles of Works in the Research Paper.

1. Paper N/o., Subject Code, Name : 22416 Paper 209: Research Methodology
Prepared & Presented By : Nirav Amreliya
Batch : 2021 - 2023 (M.A. Sem. 4)
Enrollment Number : 4069206420210002
Ro. N/o. : 18
Submitted To : Smt. S. B. Gardi Department of English,
Maharaja Krishnakumarsinhji Bhavnagar University,
Vidhyanagar, Bhavnagar - 364001
(Dated On : 09th March, 2023)

2. ➢ The Mechanics of Writing the Research Paper :
1. Spelling :
2. Punctuation :
3. Italics :
4. Names of Persons :
5. Numbers :
6. Titles of Works in the Research Paper :
7. Quotations :
8. Capitalization and Personal Names in Languages Other
Than English :

3. ➢ Titles of Works in the Research Paper :
● Capitalization and Punctuation :
● Italicized Titles :
● Titles in Quotation Marks :
● Titles and Quotations within Titles :
● Exceptions :
● Shortened Titles :

4. ● Capitalization and Punctuation :
➔ Parts of Speech such as Nouns, Pronouns, Verb, Adverb, Adjective, and
Subordinating Conjunctions are to be capitalized.
➔ Nouns : E.g., ‘The Great Gatsby,’ ‘A Thousand Splendid Suns,’ etc.
➔ Pronouns : E.g., ‘Save Our Children,’ ‘The Mouse That Roared,’ etc.
➔ Verb : E.g., ‘Eye of Big Brother Watches Everyone,’ ‘What Is Literature?,’ etc.
➔ Adverb : E.g., ‘Only Slightly Corrupt,’ ‘Go Down, Moses,’ etc.
➔ Adjective : E.g., ‘The Beautiful Ugliness,’ ‘Who Said That Phrase?,’ etc.
➔ Subordinating Conjunctions : E.g., ‘One If by Land and Anywhere That
Chance Leads,’ etc.

5. ➔ Parts of Speech such as Articles, Prepositions, Coordinating
Conjunctions, and ‘to’ infinitives are not to be capitalized when
they fall in between the title.
➔ Articles : E.g., ‘Under the Greenwood Tree,’ ‘The Gun Island,’ etc.
➔ Prepositions : E.g., ‘The Merchant of Venice,’ ‘Of Hemlock Have I
Drunk,’ etc.
➔ Coordinating Conjunctions : ‘Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s
Stone,’ ‘Or I Will Go,’ etc.
➔ ‘TO’ in Infinitives : ‘How to Play Chess?,’ ‘To the Lighthouse,’ etc.

6. ● Italicized Titles :
➔ The names of books, plays, poems published as books, pamphlets,
periodicals, Web sites, online databases, films, television and radio
broadcasts, compact discs, audiocassettes, record albums, dance
performances, operas and other long musical compositions, works of
visual art, aircraft, and spacecraft are to be italicized.
➔ E.g., ‘The Giver’ (book), ‘Waiting for Godot’ (play), ‘The Waste Land’
(poem published as a book), ‘New Jersey Driver Manual’ (pamphlet),
‘Wall Street Journal’ (newspaper), ‘Time’ (magazine), ‘PMLA’
(journal), ‘Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy’ (Web site),
‘LexisNexis Academic’ (online database), ‘The Hobbit’ (film), etc.

7. ● Titles in Quotation Marks :
➔ Use quotation marks for the titles of articles, essays, stories and
poems published within larger works, chapters of books, pages in
Web sites, individual episodes of television and radio broadcasts,
and short musical compositions. Also use quotation marks for
unpublished works, such as lectures and speeches.
➔ E.g., “Literary History and Sociology” (journal article), “Etruscan”
(encyclopedia articles), “The Fiction of Langston Hughes” (essay
in a book), “The Tell-Tale Heart” (story), “Kubla Khan” (poem),
“The American Economy Before the Civil War” (chapter in a
book), “Blowin’ in the Wind” (song), “Structure, Sign, and Play in
the Discourse of the Human Sciences” (lecture).

8. ● Titles and Quotations within Titles :
➔ Italicize a title normally indicated by italics when it appears
within a title enclosed in quotation marks. E.g., “Romeo and Juliet
and Renaissance Politics” (an article about a play), “Language
and Childbirth in The Awakening” (an article about a novel).
➔ Enclose in single quotation marks a title normally indicated by
quotation marks when it appears within title requiring quotation
marks. E.g., “Lines after Reading ‘Sailing to Byzantium’” (a poem
about a poem).
➔ Also place single quotation marks around a quotation that
appears within a title requiring quotation marks. E.g., “Emerson’s
Strategies against ‘Foolish Consistency’” (an article with a
quotation in its title).

9. ➔ Use quotation marks around a title normally indicated by quotation marks
when it appears within an italicized title. E.g., “The Lottery” and Other
Stories (a book of stories).
➔ If a period is required after an italicized title that ends with a quotation
mark, place the period before the quotation mark. E.g., The study appears in
New Perspective on “The Eve of St. Agnes.”
➔ Two Methods for Identifying Italicized Title when It Appears within an
Italicized Title. :
1) The title within is neither italicized nor enclosed in quotation marks. This
method is preferred in publications of the Modern Language Association.
E.g., Approaches to Teaching Murasaki Shikibu’s The Tale of Genji (a book
about a novel).
1) All titles within italicized titles are placed in quotation marks and italicized.
E.g., Approaches to Teaching Murasaki Shikibu’s “The Tale of Genji”.

10. ● Exceptions :
➔ There are several exceptions which are free from the rule of
applying italics and quotation marks. They are in form of scriptural
writings; books of laws, acts, political documents; musical
compositions identified by form, number, and key; of series,
societies, buildings, and monuments; and of conferences, seminars,
workshops, and courses.
➔ Scriptures : Bible, Garuda Purana, Talmud, Koran, Upanishads, etc.
➔ Societies : American Medical Association, Indian Education Society,
etc.
➔ Buildings and Monuments : Sears Tower, Ajanta Caves, Taj Mahal,
etc.

11. ● Shortened Titles :
➔If you cite a title often in the text of your
paper,you may, after stating the title in full at
least once, use a shortened form, preferably
a familiar or obvious one (e.g., “Nightingale”
for “Ode to a Nightingale” ), or an
abbreviation. E.g., “Ado” for ‘Much Ado about
Nothing,’ “AWW” for ‘All’s Well That Ends
Well,’ “AYL” for ‘As You Like It,’ “1H4” for
‘Henry IV, Part 1,’ “H5” for ‘Henry V.’

14. ★ Works Cited :
❏ “Chatgpt.” ChatGPT, https://chat.apps.openai.com/auth/login.
❏ Gibaldi, Joseph, et al. MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers.
Modern Language Association of America, 2009.