In this module, you are expected to recognize great contributions largely developed throughout the history.

1. BEHAVIORISM
Facilitating Learner-Centered Teaching
(Part 3: Focus on Learning)
Prof. Ed. 5 | Module 7
Behaviorist Perspective
Source: Lucas & Corpuz's FLCT 5th Edition, 2020

2. DEFINE
and describe how
behaviorism can be applied
in educational settings
behaviorism and explain
its basic principles
with other learning theories
to enhance educational
practices.
1.
3.
2.
4.
Learning Outcomes
EVALUATE
the strengths and
limitations of behaviorism
IDENTIFY
INTEGRATE

3. PART I. INTRODUCTION
A. Definition of behaviorism
B. Brief overview of the history
of behaviorism

4. DEFINITION
is an idea or theory
a way of understanding how people and
animals behave or act
helps us learn how our actions can be
influenced by the things that happen
around us.
when we do something and it feels good
or gets rewarded, we are more likely to
do it again
Behaviorism is:
1.
2.
3.
4.

5. British Empiricism 17th and 18th centuries
Influence of philosophers such as:
John Locke, George Berkeley and David Hume
BRIEF HISTORY

6. BRIEF HISTORY
Early influences Associationism principles
-a psychological principle that suggests that our
minds connect ideas and experiences together
based on their associations or connections. It is
based on the idea that our thoughts, memories,
and knowledge are formed through the linking or
associating of different elements in our
environment or experiences.

7. PART II. KEY FOUNDERS
A. Ivan Pavlov (conditioned
reflexes)
B. John B. Watson (stimulus-
response)
C. B.F. Skinner (reinforcement
and punishment)
D. Edward L. Thorndike

8. Russian Psychologist
well known for Classical Conditioning
(Stimulus Substitution)
most renowned experiment "Pavlov's
dogs", meat, and a bell
other findings: stimulus
generalization, extinction,
spontaneous recovery, discrimination,
higher-order conditioning
Ivan Pavlov (1849-1936)

9. Detailed explanation of the experiment and its stages:
Pre-Conditioning Phase: Dogs are presented with food
(unconditioned stimulus) and naturally salivate
(unconditioned response).
Conditioning Phase: Dogs are exposed to a neutral stimulus
(such as a bell) followed by the presentation of food
repeatedly.
Post-Conditioning Phase: Dogs start associating the neutral
stimulus (bell) with the food and salivate (conditioned
response) upon hearing the bell alone.

10. Once the dog has learned to
salivate to the sound of the
bell, it will salivate at other
similar sounds.
Stimulus Generalization
If the pairing of the bell with
the food has stopped,
salivating eventually cease
in response to the bell.
Extinction

11. Extinguished responses can be "recovered an elapsed time, but will
soon extinguish again if the dog is presented with food.
Spontaneous Recovery
The dog could learn to discriminate between similar bells (stimuli)
and discern which bell would result in the presentation of food and
which would not.
Discrimination
Another unconditioned stimulus, such as the light may be flashed at
the same time that the bell is rung. The dog will also salivate w/o bell.
Higher-order conditioning

12. American psychologist
interest in animal studies, then to human
behavior research
Little Albert Experiment
...humans are born with a few reflexes and
the emotional reactions of love and and
rage
all other behavior is learned through
stimulus-response associations through
conditioning
John B. Watson (1878-1958)

13. Description of the experiment and its purpose:
The Little Albert experiment was conducted
by John B. Watson and his assistant, Rosalie
Rayner, in 1920.
The purpose of the experiment was to
investigate the process of fear conditioning
and the formation of emotional responses
through classical conditioning.

14. Impact of the experiment on behaviorism
The experiment provided empirical evidence for the
process of fear conditioning, showing that emotional
responses could be learned through associative processes.
Little Albert's fear response generalized to other similar
stimuli, suggesting that fear responses can extend beyond
the initial conditioned stimulus.
The experiment supported the behaviorist notion that
behavior is learned through environmental stimuli and
associations, rather than being solely determined by innate
factors.

15. American psychologist
theory on observable behavior
studied operant behavior (voluntary behaviors
used in operating the environment)
Operant conditioning, learning is a result of
change in overt behavior
Changes in behavior are the result of person's
response to events (stimuli) that occur in the
environment
S-R pattern is reinforced, s/he conditioned to
respond
B.F. Skinner (1904-1990)

16. Skinner's S-R Theory
Reinforcement
Reinforcer (positive and negative)
Punishment
Extinction/Non-reinforcement
Shaping of behavior
Behavioral Chaining
Reinforcement schedules (fixed and variable
interval schedules; fixed and variable ratio
schedules)

17. American Psychologist
original S-R Framework of behavioral psychology
Thorndike's theory of learning as formulated in
the connectionist model
first use the term Educational Psychology
"such associations or habits becomes
strengthened or weakened by nature and
frequency of the S-R pairings
Three primary laws: effect, exercise, and
readiness.
Edward L. Thorndike (1874-1949)

18. positive outcomes reinforce behavior, increasing the likelihood of its
recurrence, while negative outcomes weaken behavior, decreasing its occurrence.
Law of Effect
connections between a stimulus and response become strengthened
through repetition and practice.
Law of Exercise
learning is most effective when individuals are mentally and physically
prepared or ready to respond.
Law of Readiness

19. PART III. PRINCIPLES
A. Behavior as a result of
stimulus-response associations
B. The role of reinforcement and
punishment in shaping behavior
C. Observable and measurable
behavior
D. The concept of conditioning

20. PART IV. CRITICISMS
A. Lack of emphasis on cognitive
processes and internal mental states
B. Ignoring the role of individual
differences and uniqueness
C. Ethical concerns regarding the use
of punishment
D. Challenges in generalizing behavior
across different contexts

21. Thank you.
June 22, 2023