CeDEM Asia 2016 paper presentation on 7 December in Dague, South Korea.
For paper: http://bit.ly/2h1AEzv
For conference: http://bit.ly/2h4eahQ
For conference programme: http://bit.ly/2g9f9uY
3. • Authors compared the eGovernment efforts, achievements and
governance models of Denmark and Japan
• Found that Japan compared to Denmark had:
- Superior infrastructure
- Similar % of citizen online
• Concluded that Japan could learn from the Danish approach to:
- Standardized formats and processes
- Share components and contents, esp. unique identifiers and digital signatures
- Coordinated and convenient services for the users
- Involve users to develop user-centric services
- Inter-agency collaboration to achieve those goals
• Question is whether this still holds?
MEYERHOFF & IGARI 2012
6. BACKGROUND INDICATORS
• Internet access
• Internet use
• eBanking use
• eCommerce use
• eService use
NATIONAL GOVERNANCE AND COOPERATION MODEL
• Institutional framework and governance
• Decentralisation of government authority
EFFECTS
• eServices in place
• Service delivery volumes per channel
CONCEPTURAL FRAMEWORK
NATIONAL APPROACH TO eGOVERNMENT
Responsibility for eGovernment:
• Strategy
• Action plan
• Initiation, development, coordination,
monitoring and evaluation
• Chair
• Host organisation and secretariate
• Member oragnisations
eGovernment elements:
• Strategy underpinned by action plan and KPIs
• Legality of strategy and action plan
11. Denmark [41] Japan [41]
Population 5,581,503 126,919,659
Territorial size 43,094 km2 377,915 km2
Population density 129.5 per km2 335.8 per km2
Official languages Danish Japanese
GDP (billion) €260.74 bill (est’15) 3,697.82 (est’15)
GDP per capita €46,715 (est’15) €29,315 (est’15)
GDP growth 1.6% (est’15) 0.6% (est’15)
Unemployment 4.7% (est’15) 3.3% (est’15)
Imports (billion) €75.12 (est’15) €560.45 (est’15)
Exports (billion) €84.32 (est’15) €559.03 (est’15)
SIMILAR BUT DIFFERENT, SOCIO-ECONOMIC
DATA 2015
12. Denmark [52, 53] Japan [52, 53]
National institutional
framework and
governance
Centralised model.
National, regional and local
government level.
Consists of 5 regions and 98
municipalities.
Centralised model.
National, regional and local
government level.
Complex system of 47 prefecturas,
multiple sub-prefectures and
districts, 1719 municipalites of four
“Kanje” types incl. cities, towns,
wards, non-municipalities.
Decentralisation of
government authority
Large degree of local autonomy
and decision making incl. tax and
budget spending. C.70-80% of
citizen services are provided by
municipalities. Degree of central
control via annual budget
negotiations.
National government control
prefecturas and municipalities incl.
tax collection, borrowing. C. 70% of
budget is allocated to municipalities.
Lack of progress on intergov.
Cooperation and decentralisation.
Separate tax collection.
GENERAL GOVERNANCE AND INSTITUTIONAL
FRAMEWORK
13. USERS ARE INCREASINGLY ONLINE
2000 2005 2010 2014
Denmark 63,01 / 1,26 100,58 / 24,80 115,67 / 38,44 125,89 / 42,34
Japan 53,12 / 0,68 75,98 / 18,35 96,81 / 28,04 120,23 / 29,31
2000 2005 2010 2014
Denmark 39,17 82,74 88,72 95,99
Japan 29,99 66,92 78,21 90,58
MOBILE / BROADBAND SUBSCRIPTIONS PER 100 INHABITANTS, 2000-2014
INDIVIDUAL USE OF THE INTERNET, 2000-2014
14. eService availability Degree of digitisation (i.e. % of service delivery volume online)
2012 2015
Denmark Japan Denmark Japan Denmark Japan
eID/eSignature NemID MyNumber 79.1% -- 89.2% *7.9%
Digital post Digital Post no -- -- 89.2% --
Tax declaration Yes yes 100% *51.4% 100% *56.5%
Register for school yes no #57% -- 96% --
Register for university yes no 80% -- 100% --
Apply for student grant yes No, see debt 100% -- 100% --
Change address yes yes 63% 0.0000021% -- n/a
Housing subsidy yes no, but others 77% -- 79% --
Apply for pension yes yes 94% -- 95% --
Report vermin (fix my street) yes some #56% some 73% --
Report theft yes no 41% -- 84% --
2010 2015
Denmark Japan Denmark Japan
Online banking 71% -- 85% *16%
Online commerce 68% *55% 79% *62%
Interacted with government online 78% -- 88% --
Obtained info. from a gov. website 76% -- 86% --
Submitted a complete form (eService) 51% -- 69% --
INDIVIDUAL USE OF eSERVICES, 2012-2015
INDIVIDUAL USE OF INTERNET CONTENT, 2012-2015
15. ‘
Danish Regions
(5 regions)
Management
committee of Danish
Regions
Cabinet
committee of
coordination
Cabinet
committee on
economic affairs
Ministries
Ministry of Finance:
Agency for Digitisation
(regulatory and mandated body)
Secretariat for
steering committee
and STS
Local Government
Denmark
(98 municipalities)
Management
committee of LGDK
Private industry
and civic society
Industry and civic
groups
Governmentcabinet
Steering committee for the eGovernment strategy
Representatives from the Ministry of Finance (chair), key ministries like Economy, Taxation, Justice,
Science, Health and Interior, Danish Regions and Local Government Denmark
Joint committee for cross government cooperation (STS)
Permanent secretaries from the Ministry of Finance (chair), Economy, Taxation,Science, Health and
Interior, Managing Directors from the Danish Regions andLocal GovernmentDenmark
STONG MANDATE, COORDINATION, CONSENSUS
AND FOLLOW-UP.
ENTRENCED, TESTED BUT COULD BE STREAMLINED.