“Sports injury” refers to the kinds of injuries that most commonly occur during sports or exercise, but they are not limited to athletes.
Sports injuries can occur throughout the body and can affect bones, muscles, tendons, and ligaments. The most common sports injuries include:
Patellofemoral syndrome, Knee injuries, Shoulder injuries, Tennis or golf elbow, Hamstring strain, Sciatica, Shin splints, Groin pull, Ankle sprain, Bruises.
Other sports injuries include: Concussion, Sprains, Strains, Bone fractures, Tendinopathies.
Sports injuries are common and can occur during sports or exercise, but they are not limited to athletes. For example, factory workers can get tennis elbow, painters can get shoulder injuries, and gardeners can develop tendinitis.
Treatment for minor sports injuries includes: Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation.
6. Injury occurs suddenly to previously normal tissue. Acute injuries
occur due to sudden trauma to the tissue, with the symptoms of
acute injuries presenting themselves almost immediately. The
principle in this instance is that the force exerted at the time of
injury on the tissue (i.e. muscle, tendon, ligament, and bone)
exceeds the strength of that tissue. Forces commonly involved in
acute injury are either direct or indirect. Acute injuries can be
classified according to the site of the injury (e.g. bone, cartilage,
ligament, muscle, bursa, tendon, joint, nerve or skin) and the type of
injury (e.g. fracture, dislocation, sprain or strain).
7. A direct injury is caused by an external blow or force
(extrinsic causes)
A collision with another person e.g, during a tackle in rugby
or football
Being struck by an object e.g. a basketball or hockey stick
8. An indirect injury can occur in two ways (intrinsic causes):
The actual injury can occur some distance from the impact site e.g.
falling on an outstretched hand can result in a dislocated shoulder
The injury does not result from physical contact with an object or
person, but from internal forces built up by the actions of the
performer, such as injuries that may be caused by over-stretching,
poor technique, fatigue, and lack of fitness. (e.g. muscle strain or
ligament sprain)
12. •Simple Fracture: Bone breaks into two pieces.
•Stress: It is a peculiar form of fracture. In this type of fracture,
hairline break occurs which is usually invisible (even on X-ray)
during first few weeks from the time of pain.
•Comminuted Fracture: The bone is crushed into number of
pieces
•Impacted Fracture: In this type of fracture embedding of one
bone fragment into another bone fragment is apparent.
•Compound fracture: It is also known by common name open
fracture. In this type the bone protrudes through skin.
•Complete Fracture: Bone snaps totally in two or more pieces
•Incomplete Fracture: Though the bone develops crack it is
not separated.
13. Dislocation -The joint which loses its original place or slips out from
its natural place is termed in medical terminology as ‘dislocated joint’.
Shoulder,finger,patella more prone for disloction
14. It is part of capsule ,acute lig.. Injury or
tear called sprain.
15. GRADE 1 – Microscopic injury on stretching of leg at macroscopic level.
- Normal ROM on streching the lig,
- mild swelling
GRADE 2-There is considerable propertion of fibres of lig. Are involved
and therefore stretching of the joint and stressing the lig.
-show increase laxicity
- swelling
-,pain functional deformity
-,reduce ROM,
GRADE 3-There is complite tear or repture of lig.
- Painfree tear,
- extensive swelling,
-tenderness,
-loss of muscle instability
Mx-PRICE techniques
- crape bandage
16. Cause- macrotrauma,muscle tear .
muscle lengthening+force= tear
non-contact force =muscle tear
contact force = contusion
3 categories of sprain,d/o severity
grade1-mild,involves only smaller no.of fibres in muscle ,
-no reduction in sprain
-,active nd passive ROM is full.
Grade2-moderate strain and involves asignificant no.of muscle fibres
Swelling nd pain during muscle contraction ,movment is limited by pain
Grade3-complete tear and rupture of the muscle
-severe swelling nd pain
-complete loss of function
-mostly occur at the musculo-tendinous function
17. 1.inadequate worming up nd doing heavy exercises
2.insufficient ROM
3.excessive muscle tightness
4.fatigue nd overuse
5.inadequate recovery
6.muscle imbalance
7.previous injury
8.faulty tech +biomechanics
9.spinal dysfunction
COMMON MUSCLES AFFECTED BY STRAIN-
-Hamstring,Quuadricep,Calf groin,Rotator cuff,
long head of biceps,achilis.
18. Acute injury due to direct blow or trauma from an
opposition player or contact with an equipment in
collision sports such as football and hockey.
There occur local muscle damage which give rise to
bleeding.